Week Lect 1

PoC – DSB-SC
INTRODUCTION TO MODULATION & DSB-SC
Baseband Communication
Baseband is used to designate the band of frequencies of the signal

delivered by the source.
For example, audio signal produced by a source have frequencies in the

range of 0 to 4 KHz (always centred around zero and lower frequencies).
Such a signal is Baseband Signal.
The transmission and reception of baseband signals is called Baseband

Communication.
Baseband Communications
• Baseband signals are transmitted without modulation (that is

without any shift in frequency)
• Suitable only in few cases where dedicated pair of wires, coaxial

cables or optical fibre is available between transmitter and receiver
• Not possible in Wireless Communications
Carrier (Passband) Communications
Baseband communication is not possible in many cases.
Communication that uses modulation to shift the frequency spectrum of a

signal is called Carrier or Passband Communication.
© Prof. Kamran Arshad
This document is ONLY for those students who are registered in this course and must be provided by
the instructor only. This document and/or any other course material should not be further distributed, Page 1 of 24
published, copied or otherwise used for any purpose, without prior consent from the instructor.
PoC – DSB-SC
This form of communication is most widely used in most of the

communication system we see around us.
Examples are:
Cellular Communication (2G/3G/4G/5G)
WiFi/WLAN
Bluetooth
Satellite Communications
TV/Radio etc.
What is Modulation?
Many definitions exists, there are not text book definition of modulation
and students are not advised to remember word by word, rather students
need to understand and explain in their own wordings.
Definition 1
“Modulation is a process that causes a shift in the range of frequencies in

a signal”
Definition 2
“Modulation is a process that moves the message signal spectrum into a

specified frequency band that is dictated by the physical channel”
Definition 3
“Modulation is a process that converts a baseband signal into a passband

signal”
PoC – DSB-SC
Most important question is why we need Modulation?
Antenna Size Considerations / Ease of Radiations
• For efficient radiations, the size of antenna is roughly the one tenth
of the wavelength of signal that needs to be radiated
• For baseband signals the frequencies are low, meaning higher

wavelength that means larger size of antennas
Example: Suppose we want to transmit a 4KHz signal from an

antenna.
-
Wavelength, + =
.
3 × 10!
+= m
4 × 10"
3
+= × 10# m
4
Hence the size of antenna required is,
3 #
+ × 10
Antenna Size = = 4 m
10 10
3
Antenna Size = × 10$ m
4
Simultaneous Transmission of Several Signals
• If all radio stations broadcast FM stations at same time, same

location, they all interfere with each other because the spectrum of
all signals occupy more or less the same bandwidth
PoC – DSB-SC
• Without modulation, only one radio or TV station can broadcast at

one point
• Same is true for WiFi, Bluetooth and other short-range

communications
• One way to solve this problem is use Modulation and modulate

signals from different radio stations with different carriers thus
translating each signal to a different frequency range.
Propagation Characteristics
• For wireless long-haul communication, some of the channel

(frequencies)
have excellent characteristics than others (e.g. absorption rate)
• It is always advisable to transmit in those bands which have excellent

propagation characteristics compared to others.
PoC – DSB-SC
How we do Modulation?
PoC – DSB-SC
• Carrier signal is a high frequency (.% ≫ ;) sinusoid with certain

amplitude =, frequency .% and phase >
• Important Question? Why carrier is always a Sinusoid?
o Remember from Fourier Transform properties, when we

multiply a signal ?(A) with a sinusoid the signal gets shifted in
frequency.
- (A) = = cos(E% A + >) = = cos(2H.% A + >)
where E% or .% is carrier frequency in radians per seconds or Hertz, = is

carrier amplitude and > is carrier phase.
PoC – DSB-SC
Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC)
We start with the simplest and basic modulation scheme, refer as Double
Side Band Suppressed Carrier or simply DSB-SC.
This is a simple frequency translation scheme and also called Mixing.

Another name of this modulation scheme is Hetrodyne and the
transmitter/receiver are also called Hetrodyne Transceiver.
In this scheme, we simply multiply our message signal, I(A), with a carrier
signal, -(A), by using a simple Multiplier.
• Remember there are several ways to design a simple multiplier, e.g.

using BJT/MOSFET/JFET/Op-AMP etc.
DSB-SC (Time Domain)
In time domain, modulated signal, J&'()'* (A), can be written as follows:
J&'()'* (A) = I(A) × -(A)
Assume carrier signal is given as,
- (A) = = cos(E% A) = = cos(2H.% A)

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PoC – DSB-SC

INTRODUCTION TO MODULATION & DSB-SC

Baseband is used to designate the band of frequencies of the signal

For example, audio signal produced by a source have frequencies in the

The transmission and reception of baseband signals is called Baseband

• Baseband signals are transmitted without modulation (that is

• Suitable only in few cases where dedicated pair of wires, coaxial

• Not possible in Wireless Communications

Carrier (Passband) Communications

Baseband communication is not possible in many cases.

Communication that uses modulation to shift the frequency spectrum of a

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

This form of communication is most widely used in most of the

Cellular Communication (2G/3G/4G/5G)

“Modulation is a process that causes a shift in the range of frequencies in

“Modulation is a process that moves the message signal spectrum into a

“Modulation is a process that converts a baseband signal into a passband

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

Most important question is why we need Modulation?

Antenna Size Considerations / Ease of Radiations

• For baseband signals the frequencies are low, meaning higher

Example: Suppose we want to transmit a 4KHz signal from an

Simultaneous Transmission of Several Signals

• If all radio stations broadcast FM stations at same time, same

• Without modulation, only one radio or TV station can broadcast at

• Same is true for WiFi, Bluetooth and other short-range

• One way to solve this problem is use Modulation and modulate

• For wireless long-haul communication, some of the channel

• It is always advisable to transmit in those bands which have excellent

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

• Carrier signal is a high frequency (.% ≫ ;) sinusoid with certain

• Important Question? Why carrier is always a Sinusoid?

o Remember from Fourier Transform properties, when we

- (A) = = cos(E% A + >) = = cos(2H.% A + >)

where E% or .% is carrier frequency in radians per seconds or Hertz, = is

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC)

This is a simple frequency translation scheme and also called Mixing.

• Remember there are several ways to design a simple multiplier, e.g.

DSB-SC (Time Domain)

In time domain, modulated signal, J&'()'* (A), can be written as follows:

J&'()'* (A) = I(A) × -(A)

Assume carrier signal is given as,

- (A) = = cos(E% A) = = cos(2H.% A)

© Prof. Kamran Arshad

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