D.A.

V INTERNATI ONAL SCHOOL, AHMEDABAD

LESSONPLAN

Class-IX Subject: Science

Chapter name: Improvement in food resources
Total no. of periods:8
Prepared by Tina Mukherjee
CONCEPT MAP (FOR THE COMPLETE CHAPTER)

What is
PART 1 Crop?

types of
Rabi crop
crop

Kharif crops

PART 2
Factors

Biotic Biotic

Abiotic

Crop Yields

PART 3

Crop Production
 .

PART 4

Treasure

Improvement of Desired qualities

crop yield in crops
PART 5

Animal husbandry

Animal Poultry Cattle Fish Bee-

Husbandry farming farming production Keeping

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 Learning Objectives
➢ Importance of food
➢ Type of crops
➢ Rabi and Kharif crops
Learning Outcome
Knowledge (Cognitive)
Students will know and understand
➢ Students will be able to understand what is crop?
➢ Types of crop
➢ Difference between plant and crop
Attitude and values (Affective)
This knowledge is helpful for farmers growing crops according to seasons, agriculture
purpose, nutrients present in manure and fertilizers, How to save water by using
modern techniques of irrigation, granaries, animal husbandry (poultry farm, fishing farm,
aquarium, dairy animals)
The following life skills can be inculcated through the teaching of this chapter in the class:
• How to relate our daily activities with this lesson.
• Students will be able to understand about crops with varying seasons.
• They will be able to understand about the various practices a farmer does
in his field.
• They will get awareness about the types of nutrients (either manure or
fertilizer) required for the field.
• About the weedicides to remove weeds from the crops
• They will learn about the effective use of weedicide, pesticides and
Insecticides.
• Skills of Crops improvement, crops rotation and organic farming.
• Skills of Safe Storage of grains.
• Type of food products obtains from animals.
• Team spirit (skill of working in a group)

Psychomotor skills
Students develop the qualities like
• Imitating the way farmers work in scorching heat, rain and winter.
• Analyzing and deducing Team spirit (skill of working in a group)
Marzano’s Taxonomy
Level 1 What is crop? Different types of crops like
RETRIEVAL cereals, vegetables, fruits and
cash crops.
• About changing climatic
conditions from one region to
another.
• Classification of crops
according to season.
• Time period during which
kharif and rabi crops are
grown.? (Recap questions)

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 Level 4 Teachers should tell the students
KNOWLEDGE about various career options viz.
UTILIZATION horticulture, forestry, farming,
poultry, etc.

Detail of Teaching Learning Day 1

Lesson Settlement of the class: Gayatri mantra and meaning.
beginning Introduction of the topic with recapitulation of the previous topic
(time : 10 Introductory activity
minutes) (Subject teacher need to talk to maali one day prior and inform other co
teachers of our school and ask him to keep the things ready which are required
Purpose : for demonstration of gardening, Maali need to show different kind of gardening
tools like foe or cultivator or leveler. )
Visit to the garden……..
• Watering the garden.(maali of our school demonstrate the process of gardening)
• Digging.
• Picking flowers.
• Planting vegetables, fruits and flowers in the correct season.
• Feeding the worms and using the 'worm tea' from the worm farm as fertiliser.
• Picking vegetables and fruits when they are ready to eat.

Students will be asked few questions from the above activity

➢ 1) What is the first step of agricultural practices?
➢ 2) Name the second step of agricultural practices
➢ 3) Name the step next to sowing
➢ 4) What comes after irrigation?
➢ 5) What we call for cutting of crop after it is mature?
➢ 6) What do you mean by weedicide?
➢ 7) What is threshing? Students’ response: yes
Lesson
middle Sub-topic /concept to cover
Time: 15 Kharif and rabi crops Knowledge utilization: Level 4
minutes (Subject teacher need to arrange the following things- Fork, tray, dry soil,
Purpose seed sample like some pulses some grains)
The above things will be informed to the co teachers. Everyone will arrange
the things one day prior to the class.
➢ The teacher will show the process of ploughing using soil tray and fork
by involving students and will show some seed sample
Mustard (oilseeds) etc. K comes alphabetically before R, so remember Kharif Crops are
Sowed before Rabi Crops. Kharif has R in the word, remember that for Rainy Season.
RABI – RS – S comes immediately after R in the alphabetically order – So, S is for
Summer.

Crop Yields

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Yield of food obtained from plants including pulses, vegetables, oil seeds, spices, fodder
crops etc. can be increased by improving crop variety, its production and management.

Types of crops-Two categories on the basis of growing season

Kharif Crops: Crops grown during rainy season (June-October) e.g. Rice, Soybean,
Maize, Pigeon pea etc.

Rabi Crops: Crops grown during winter season (November-April) e.g. Wheat, Mustard,
Gram, Pea etc
Crop Variety

Selection/ Production of a crop variety that can give a good yield and has desirable
characters like resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, short maturity duration, wider
adaptability etc. Techniques used are hybridisation and genetic engineering.

In the crop variety improvement method, it is recommended to grow crops that possess
following desirable characteristics:

1.Higher Yield: Crop should be able to give a large quantity of yield.

2.Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic factors that can cause damage to the crop and hence
can decrease its yield.

3.Shorter Maturity Duration means that the crop should take less time for its growth.
It is necessary so that two or three rounds of the crop could be grown in a year thus
increasing the food production. Shorter duration of crop also decreases the cost of
production.

4.Wider Adaptability means the crop can grow in different environmental conditions
and hence can be grown at more places to produce a higher yield.

5.Desirable Agronomic Characteristics are certain characteristics required for a

particular type of crop.
For example:
Dwarfness is desired in cereal crops, as dwarf varieties are more resistant to lodging.
Similarly fodder crops should be tall and profusely branched to increase the amount of
fodder.

6. Hybridisation: To obtain crops with desired characteristics the technique of

hybridization is used. Plants obtained after hybridization are called High yielding
varieties (HYV). It is the method of crossing genetically dissimilar plants to obtain
hybrid plants with desirable characteristics of both the parent plants. It can be of
three types:
1.Intervarietal: Crossing between plants of different varieties.
2.Interspecific: Crossing between plants of different species.
3.Intergeneric: Crossing between plants of different genera.

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Genetic Engineering: Another method for improving characteristics of the crops is
genetic engineering. In this method, genes with desired characteristics are selected
from one organism and then inserted in the DNA of the other organism to give rise to
recombinant DNA. The organism with recombinant DNA possesses the given desired
traits shown by the inserted gene.
➢ It is done by development and use of improved farming practices and
techniques during crop production.
➢ It includes-
1.Nutrient management (Manure, fertilisers and organic farming)
2.Irrigation
3.Farming practices like mixed cropping, intercropping and crop rotation

1.Nutrient management

• Total nutrients required by plants = 16

• Nutrients supplied by air and water = 3 (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)
• Nutrients obtained from soil = 13 (6 Macronutrients + 7 Micronutrients)
• Nutrients needed by the plants in large amounts are
called macronutrients and the nutrients required in smaller amounts are
called micronutrients.
• Macronutrients
are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur.
• Micronutrients required by plants
are Iron, Boron, Zinc, Manganese, Chlorine and Molybdenum.
• Nutrients are supplied in the soil with the help of manures and
fertilizers.
• Manure is the substance that provides organic matter to the soil. It also
increases the water holding capacity of the soil. Manure can be of two
types:

(a) Compost: It is formed by the decomposition of animal and plant wastes

in a pit. If worms like earthworm etc. are used to hasten the process of
decomposition, then this method is called vermicomposting.

(b) Green manure: It is formed by mulching green plants like sun hemp into
the soil before flowering of these plants.
• Fertilisers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They mainly supply
three nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) to the soil.

2.Organic farming

Organic farming is farming with minimum use of chemicals to prevent

pollution.
This can be achieved by:

1.Use of biofertilisers which consist of living organisms that can enrich the
soil with nutrients like algae, Rhizobium bacteria etc. and can fix nitrogen
in soil for the use of plants
2.Use of biopesticides for storage of harvested crop like neem leaves.
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3.By practicing healthy cropping practices like crop rotation, mixed
cropping etc., for pest control and nutrient replenishment of the soil.

4.Use of organic manure and minimising the use of fertilisers.

3.Irrigation

It is the process of supplying water to the plants. Water is required by the

plants for physiological processes like germination of seeds, absorption of
nutrients from the soil etc. Sources of irrigation:

• Wells: Wells can be of two types, dug wells and tube wells. In a dug well,
water is collected from water bearing strata by digging into the soil. In
tube wells, water is lifted from deeper strata with the help of pumps.

• Canals: Canals receive water from a river and then they are divided into
many branches to form a system of canals to supply water in fields.

• River Lift Systems: In this, water is directly drawn from the rivers.

• Tanks: These are the small storage reservoirs for storing rainwater that
can be used later for irrigating fields.

•Besides these, rainwater is also harvested to irrigate fields during times

when there is no rain.

4.Farming Practices

• Mixed Cropping: The practice of growing of two or more crops on the

same land simultaneously but not in any regular pattern. It is practiced to
reduce the risk due to damage of one crop. Example: groundnut +
sunflower.

• Intercropping: Intercropping is the practice of growing of two or more

crops on the same land simultaneously in a definite pattern and proportion.

• Crop Rotation: Crop Rotation is the practice of growing different crops

on the same land in a pre-planned succession. Crops are selected on the
basis of the availability of irrigation facilities, nutrients and duration of
the crops. Crops that can be rotated alternately are (i) Maize and Mustard
(ii) Maize, Potato, Sugarcane and Pea.

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It is done by taking steps to prevent crops from-
1.Weeds, insect pests and diseases during production of the crop.
2.Abiotic and biotic factors during storage of produce.

1.Weeds
Weeds are unwanted plants that grow with the cultivated crop.
Examples: Parthenium, Chenopodium, Amaranthus etc. These weeds can decrease the
crop production because they compete with the crop for nutrients, water and other
essential requirements.

2.Control of weeds
•Weeds can be controlled by mechanical removal in which weeds are uprooted by hands.
• Using practices like proper seedbed preparation, crop rotation, etc.
• Chemical methods include use of herbicides which are the chemicals that kill weeds
e.g. Melathion etc.

3.Insect
Insect pests are the insects that can harm the crop. They adopt methods like:
• Cutting stem, root and leaves.
• Sucking cell sap from the parts of plants.
• Boring stem and fruits to decrease the yield of crop.
• These pests can be controlled by methods like handpicking the larvae of pests that
are big enough to be picked. Use of chemicals called pesticides like DDT, use of
resistant varieties of plants for growing crop etc.

4.Diseases
Diseases in plants can be caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi etc.
These can be controlled by:
•Use of disease resistant varieties of the plants.
• Use of chemicals like fungicides.

5.Protection during storage:

During storage, the harvested crops can be spoiled by two factors :biotic and abiotic.

• Biotic factors include Insects like weevil, beetle etc. Rodents like rats etc.
Microorganisms like bacteria etc.
• Abiotic factors that can damage the stored crop are temperature and humidity as
they promote the growth of microorganisms and hence destroy the crop.
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 • Protective measures include: Proper cleaning of the place where crop is stored. Grains
should be stored in jute bags called Gunny bags and should be kept in places
called Granaries. Harvested crop should be properly dried to remove moisture from it.
Place of storage should be fumigated before storing grains. Fumigation is the method
of spraying pesticides in the form of fumes to kill germs and rodents in the confined
area.

Learning Outcome: Just like crop yield to get good amount and high quality seed
farmers need to work hard with patience though there is so many boundaries like
natural calamities, insect attack they work continuously though. Similarly, in a
student’s life also you find different types of challenges and hurdles so, without
surrendering ourselves our spirit must be very high to work harder and achieve
success .And when you work hard then only the best version of you will come out
physically and mentally. Like agriculture practice you also manage your time table.
• Plan your schedule (Time table).
• Make a weekly to-do list.
• Prioritize your work.
• Break large tasks into their smaller components.
• Set goals and deadlines for projects.
• Choose the right living environment
• Resist your temptations.

Asking question to find out the students’ understanding

Q1. 1. What is the difference between Rabi and kharif crops?
Pg-204 1. What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Ice - Students will be divided into two groups
breaker Group 1-Kharif crop
2 Group-2 Rabi crop
minutes Both the groups will be asked to play Antakshri by giving examples of Kharif and
Rabi crop
Examples of Kharif Crops
• Rice.
• Maize.

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 • Sorghum.
• Bajra.
• Soybean.
• Cotton.
Examples of Rabi Crops
• Wheat.
• Barley.
• Oats.
• Pulses.
• Mustard.
• Linseed.
The songs will be only starting with letter initiated with Kharif and Rabi crops
Learning outcome: The ability to have fun-rather, to extract fun out of an
unfunny situation, boring situation or monotonous learning in the class. Students
always need to come out of their monotonous and boring lifestyle. Everytime
engrossed with studies is also not good for health. We must have fun also in our
life. It not only makes our life interesting but gives a good creative memory to
understand the things better.
Lesson NCERT Questions Pg 214
End Q1. 1. Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Written Q2. What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
part: Q3. How do storage grain losses occur?
11
minutes
Last 2 Value-based information – The saying 'reap what you sow' means that if you plant
minutes seeds or do something good, you should expect to reap rewards later. For example, if
you plant a garden, you might get some vegetables from it. If you give help someone,
they might help in your time of need.
Interaction with student about current affairs-
What are the 3 farmers Bill 2020?
The three Bills passed by the Parliament in September 2020 were: Farmers'
Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020; Farmers
(Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm
Services Bill, 2020; and Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill 2020

Lesson plan
period -2

Learning Objectives
➢ Factors affecting agriculture
➢ Why some factors are very important in agriculture?

Learning Outcome
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 Knowledge (Cognitive)
Students will know and understand about
• Abiotic factors
• biotic factors
• Abiotic factors
• Milch animals
• nutrients

Attitude and values (Affective)

Students will value: Is Smartness genetic?
Researchers have previously shown that a person's IQ is highly influenced by genetic factors, and have even
identified certain genes that play a role. They've also shown that performance in school has genetic factors
but environment can also change a person to be smart. So you can be smart by enriching your environmental
factors.
Psychomotor skills
Students develop the qualities like
• Understanding the concepts
• Manipulate and ability to embody cause of deficiency
Marzano’s Taxonomy
Level 1 Retrieval Recognize abiotic and biotic factors

Level2- Understanding the requirement of nutrients

Knowledge
utilisation
Detail of the teaching -learning experiences
Lesson Starting the class with Gayatri mantra
beginning Recapitulation of previous day’s teaching-learning on what is crop production which
(time : 5 ensures high yield.?
minutes)

Lesson
middle A. To separate good and healthy seeds from damaged ones.
Time : 20 One of the students will be called for the illustration:
minutes. (Teacher need to arrange the following things for the activity one day prior-
Purpose Things needed : A beaker, water, mixture of healthy seeds and damaged seeds.)
Based on above activity students will be asked few questions like
Activity time : 10 minutes

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 Activity Observation Inference

Things needed : A beaker, Some seeds float on Reason : Damaged

water, mixture of healthy water while others seeds become
seeds and damaged seeds. settle at the bottom. hollow and are
Method : thus lighter.
1. Take a beaker and fill half of it Therefore,
with water. they float on
2. Put a handful of wheat seeds in water. Good
the beaker containing healthy seeds
water. Stir the water well are heavier and
and leave the beaker. thus, they sink
Wait for sometime. at the bottom.
1. Conclusion
: The
floating
seeds are
damaged
seeds and
are not
good for
sowing.
The seeds
that
settle at
the
bottom
are good
and
healthy
and are
fit for
sowing.

So, because of some deficiency some seeds are damaged but those are healthy those got
proper nutrition and all the factors needed.

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 Learning outcome: Foundational Human Qualities. Qualities that form the foundation
of all other human qualities include honesty, integrity, courage, self-awareness, and
wholeheartedness. These qualities define who we are as human beings, like our
experiment there could be some distractions (social media, you tube popups) and
temptation which can affect the following qualities of students, so try to be good
human being by inculcating good habits like good seeds. always be positive in life and
attract positivity like good seeds. The seeds which are damaged because of the
negative environment and some deficiency it cannot germinate the same way bloom
your success like germination in seed with positive attitude and absorb all nutrients
like knowledge, wisdom, humanity etc.

Abiotic factors Biotic factors

Physical It include the living organisms of an area.
components of
the environment
like temperature, Nutrients
humidity etc. Milch animals
They affect the
population of an Animals that are used
for production of milk Substances essential
organism present
in that particular e.g. Cow, Buffalo, Goat for proper growth
habitat. etc. and development of
the living organisms.

Lesson NCERT PG 205 (Intext Questions)

ends 1. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Writte Ans-Factors responsible for loss of grains, during storage and production are:
n part (a) Biotic factors like rodents, pests, insects, etc. (b) Abiotic factors like
11 temperature, humidity, moisture, etc.
minutes Combination of both biotic and abiotic factors causes :

1. infestation of insects
2. weight loss
3. poor germination ability
4. degradation in quality
5. discolouration
6. poor market price

Question 2. What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop

improvements?
Answer: Desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements are:
(a) Tallness and profuse branching are desirable characters for fodder crops.

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 (b) Dwarfness is desired in cereals, so that less nutrients are consumed by these
crops.
NCERT – Page 206

Question 1. What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?
Answer: Macro-nutrients are the essential elements which are utilised by plants in
large quantities. Many macro-nutrients are required by the plants for the following
functions:

• As the constituent of protoplasm

• N, P, S are present in proteins
• Ca is present in cell wall
• Mg is important constituent of chlorophyll

Question 2. How do plants get nutrients?

Answer: Plants get nutrients from air, water and soil. There are, sixteen nutrients
essential for the growth of plants. Carbon and Oxygen are supplied by water. The
remaining thirteen nutrients are supplied by soil.

Last 2 Importance of food bank, cloth bank and donating toys for the needy people.
minutes

Lesson plan
Period 3
Learning Objectives Desired qualities in crops
Learning Outcome Knowledge (Cognitive)

• Higher yield
• Improved quality
• Resistance to abiotic and biotic factors
• Shorter maturity duration
• Wider adaptability
Attitude and values (Affective)
Students will value: Lifestyle factors can cause low energy levels, such as sleep patterns, exercise, and
diet. To get good health students should follow these parameters to influence their life goals.
Psychomotor skills
Students develop the qualities like
• Understanding the concepts Desired qualities in crops
• Manipulate and ability to identify micro and macronutrients

Marzano’s Taxonomy
Level 1 Retrieval Students are aware about factors and classification of factors
according to their needs
Level 3 Analysis Micro and macro elements relate it to manure and fertilizers
Level 4 Knowledge Classifying – organize and identify.
utilization

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Detail of the teaching -learning experiences
Lesson Starting the class with Gayatri mantra.
beginning Introduction with a composting
(time : 5 Composting - Composting is the natural process of recycling organic matter, such as
minutes) leaves and food scraps, into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and plants.

Lesson
middle Mini Composters (Teacher to carry the required things one day prior)
( time :
Material required-(tea) Soda bottle Dead plant material from the garden, including dry
20
leaves, twigs, and sticks. Household waste, including vegetable scraps, shredded newspaper,
minutes)
tea bags, coffee grounds,

The added benefit of mini composters is that they can be used for experiments:

• Experiment with using the compost to grow seeds. This could be compared to using
regular potting soil or topsoil for growing seeds. Set up a data table to collect
measurements and compare growth to determine which soil is best for plant growth.
• Compare the differences in compost from various vegetable scraps or bulking
materials.
• Compare the rate of decomposition to the size of the food scraps that are added to
the composter.
• Before sealing up the mini composter, give students a thermometer to place inside
the composting material. Have them position the composter so that they can take
temperature readings while their compost is forming.
• Other skills that can be incorporated include observation, note-taking and writing,
math (charting temperatures and volume), and research on how compost can be used.

Applications
1. Helpful for using own garden without any cost and it’s not harmful
as fertilizers as fertilizers harmful effects of bio magnifications.

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 Learning outcome: To make manure we need can make things very easily by waste
material, in real life those things are not required for you or things which shows waste in
your life could be someone’s dream, So do not throw extra food or clothes or books
donate them those who required it. There is a universal law of giving-The Law of Giving
says the more you give of yourself without expecting a return, the more that will come
back to you. That's because we live in an ocean of motion—nothing stands still. There's a
constant flow of energy in our universe, and this energy flows to and through us.so the
way we are composting and making useful manure from waste materials.

Ice (i) The activity is an ice breaker

breaker
2 minutes
Lesson end NCERT Textbook – Page 207
Written Question 1. Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
part Answer: Effects of using manures on soil quality:
11 minutes
1. The manures enrich the soil with nutrients.
2. They provide a lot of organic matter (humus) to the soil and thus restores water
retention capacity of sandy soils and drainage in clayey soil.
3. The addition of manures reduces soil erosion.
4. They provide food for soil organisms, like soil friendly bacteria.

Effects of using fertilizers on soil quality:

1. By the continuous use of fertilizers, the soil becomes powdery, dry and rate
of soil erosion increases.
2. By the use of fertilizers, the organic matter decreases which further
decreases the porosity of soil and the plant roots do not get oxygen properly,
3. The nature of soil changes to acidic or basic

NCERT Textbook – Page 208

Question 1. Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits? Why?
(a) Farmers use high-quality seeds, do not adopt irrigation or use fertilizers.

In this, (c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop
protection measures.
Use of any quality seeds is not sufficient until they are properly irrigated, enriched
with fertilizers and protected from biotic factors. Hence, option (c) will give the
most benefits.

Last Remind students of the food bank and cloth bank in our school. Students also need
2 to talk with the students to donate for toys.
minu
tes

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 Lesson plan 4

Learning Objectives : Animals as food resource

Learning Outcome Knowledge (Cognitive)

• Animals as food resource: Various animals provide different food items like:
• Dairy farming - milk from cattle.
• Poultry farming - eggs and meat from fowls.
• Fishery -true and shell fish for protein rich diet.
• Bees -for honey and wax (apiculture).

Learning Outcome
Knowledge(Cognitive)
Animal Husbandry
It is the scientific management of livestock production, preservation, protection and improvement of
stocks to meet the increased demand of milk, egg, poultry etc

Attitude and values (Affective)

Students will value:
Animal husbandry helps in the proper management of animals by providing proper
food, shelter and protection against diseases to domestic animals. It provides
employment to a large number of farmer and thereby increases their living
standards. It helps in developing high yielding breeds of animals by cross
breeding.
Psychomotor skills
Students develop the qualities like
• Application of theories that are learnt as concepts.
• Comprehending about flow charts
Marzano’s Taxonomy
Level 1 Retrieval • Recollect the different methods of animal husbandry

Level 2 Comprehension Identify the different processes of animal husbandry

Level 3 Analysis Domestication of cattle that includes their food, shelter
and prevention from diseases. These are used to obtain
milk and draught labour for agricultural work. Crossing
between exotic and Indian breeds of cattle can increase
milk production.
Level 4 Knowledge utilization Selection of the best and most cost-effective method
when it comes to large scale production and can be a
career option and venture creation
Detail of the teaching learning experience

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 Lesson beginning Starting the class with Gayatri mantra.
(time : 5 minutes)
Introduction of the subtopics
Cattle farming: Domestication of cattle that includes their food,
shelter and prevention from diseases. These are used to obtain milk
and draught labour for agricultural work. Crossing between exotic
and Indian breeds of cattle can increase milk production.

In dairy farming, milch animals are reared for milk.

Care should be taken about:
1.Shelter: Shelter should be clean to prevent animals from
diseases. Regular brushing of the animals should be done to remove
dirt and loose hair from their body. Shelters should be well
ventilated and should have good drainage system.

2.Food: Two types of food are given to cattle- First is maintenance

food that is rich in nutrients and helps in growth of the animals. The
other type of food is milk-producing food, which is rich in roughage
and concentrates (rich in nutrients).

3.Prevention of diseases: Dairy animals are protected from

parasites that can cause disease; affect their health and the milk
production. Dairy animals can be infected by internal parasites that
live inside their body, absorb their digested food and cause harm to
the internal organs. External parasites live on the body of the animal
and cause skin and hair diseases. External parasites include lice and
leech etc. Diseases can also be caused by microorganisms
called Pathogens. Foot and mouth disease is a common cattle
disease. Some of the signs and symptoms by which one can recognise
a diseased animal includes : less diet consumption by a sick animal ,
lack of good posture, secretion of excess saliva etc. In order to
prevent these diseases, animals are vaccinated against these
diseases.

4.Milk Production: Amount of milk produced by cattle depends on

its lactation period. Lactation period is the period from the birth of
the cattle till the female can produce milk. It can be increased by
hybridisation of the Indian and foreign breeds. Foreign breeds of
cow are Jersey, Brown Swiss etc. and some Indian breeds are Red
Sindhi, Sahiwal etc. Foreign breeds have longer lactation period and
Indian breeds have resistance to diseases.

Lesson middle
( time : 20 minutes) Introduction of the subtopics of hybridization and milch animals- “Chip
Chop Activity”

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 where different cattle animals name is written (teacher will make 4
groups and will distribute chits written different names of cattle they
need to identify the types and function of the same)
Activity : identify different breeds of cattle animals put 1.2.3.4 under
the cover write the name of hybrid milch now the student need to say the
specialization of that breed.

Learning outcome: hybridization technique is used for animals also to get

high yield. In student life also we should read different books which are
not from course but can added extra value to life. By using
crossbreeding, we can combine breeds with different strengths and
weaknesses to create an animal that is more balanced for relevant
performance traits. Same way in your life every person is having some
qualities may be when they are alone the qualities get overlooked but
when we are together with different qualities that makes strength and
the best can come out.

Ice breaker (2 Included in the activities done

minutes)
End of lesson Answer the following questions in your note pad(Not from the back
writing part exercises)
Time : 11 minutes NCERT Textbook – Page 210
Question 1. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds
and why ?
Answer: Cross breeding is a process in which indigenous verities of cattle are
crossed by exotic breeds to get a breed which is high yielding. During cross
breeding, the desired characters are taken into consideration. The offspring
should be high yielding, should have early maturity and should be resistant to
climatic conditions.

Last 2 minutes Real life connect: everyone is different and they have their own qualities
accept them and try to find the best things of them.

Lesson plan 5

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Learning Objectives : Poultry farming and Fish production
a) Domestication of fowl for egg production (from layers) and chicken meat (from broilers).
Learning Outcome
Knowledge(Cognitive)
1. Development of new varieties of fowl by crossbreeding between Indian and exotic breeds.
2. Management of their housing and nutritional requirements.
3. It includes Capture fishing and Culture fishery to obtain true fish and shellfish like Prawns, etc. for
using them as food. Culture fishery includes Marine fisheries (Mariculture),
Attitude and values (Affective)
Students will value: It’s a huge industry (KFC,venkey’s)and so many people are depend on this for their
livelihood, we should respect everyone’s profession. Students will value: Everything around them, they will
wonder about and appreciate the diversities in natural world of non-living things, how things are
categorically and characteristically different from each other and the breed of their being different.
That some changes have no effect on the constituent particles of the substance whereas some changes
can give rise to new substance.

Level 1 Retrieval Cattle farming and types and name of cattle.

Level 2 Comprehension Poultry farming the world wide industry

Level 4 Knowledge Venture creation entrepreneurship

utilization

Students will know about

Poultry farming
Inland fisheries (Aquaculture) and
Composite fish culture.

Psychomotor skills: Students will observe the aesthetic value of science and will learn to appreciate as
well
Students develop the qualities like

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• Application of theories that are learnt as concepts. Generally, there are two types of chickens which
are reared in poultry farming. They are layers and broilers. Layers are only reared for eggs, while broilers
are reared for meat. Nearly, layers and broilers require similar equipment and facilities.
• Composite fish culture is the method to culture five or six species, both indegenous and exotic,
together in a single fish pond. These species are selected so that they do not compete for food among
themselves having different types of food habits. As a result food available in all the parts of the pond is
used
• Rearing of fresh water fish in water bodies like ponds, lakes etc. Fresh water fish include
Carps, Catlas, Rohu, Mrigals etc. Culturing of fresh water fish is called Aquaculture.

Marzano’s Taxonomy
Marzano’s Taxonomy
Level 1 Retrieval • Recollect the different methods of animal husbandry

Level 2 Comprehension Identify the different processes of animal husbandry

Level 3 Analysis
Level 4 Knowledge utilization
Domestication of cattle that includes their food, shelter
and prevention from diseases. These are used to obtain
milk and draught labor for agricultural work. Crossing
between exotic and Indian breeds of cattle can increase
milk production.
Selection of the best and most cost-effective method
when it comes to large scale production and can be a
career option and venture creation

Detail of the teaching -learning experiences

Lesson Starting the class with Gayatri mantra.
beginning (time : The experiment to be performed in the class.
5 minutes) Recap questions (Retrieval: Level 1)
1. What do you mean by food from animals?
2. What is cattle management?
Starting the class with Gayatri mantra.
➢ Name different kind of fish.
➢ What are marine fishes?
➢ What is carp?
Fish production

It includes Capture fishing and Culture fishery to obtain true fish and shellfish like
Prawns, etc. for using them as food. Culture fishery includes Marine
fisheries (Mariculture), Inland fisheries (Aquaculture) and Composite fish culture.

Fish is a rich source of protein. They can be obtained by two ways:

Capture fishing: Capturing of fish from natural resources.

Culture fishery: Culturing of the fish in water bodies. It can be cultured in marine
or fresh water bodies.

• Marine fishery: Rearing of only marine fish like Pomphret, Bombay duck etc. and
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 other sea animals like Prawns, Oyster, Bhetki etc. in marine water. It is also known
as Mariculture.
• Inland fishery: Rearing of fresh water fish in water bodies like ponds, lakes etc.
Fresh water fish include Carps, Catlas, Rohu, Mrigals etc. Culturing of fresh water
fish is called Aquaculture.
• Composite fish culture: Culture of four or five fish in the same pond. Fish
selected for the culture should have different food habits so that there is no
competition between fish and all the food is utilised within the pond. Three types of
fish are:

(a) Surface feeders: Feed on the food present on the surface of water e.g. Catla.
(b) Middle-zone feeders: Feed on the middle zone of the pond e.g. Rohu.
(c) Bottom feeders: Feed on the food in the bottom of the pond e.g. Carps.

Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Shri Parshottam
Rupala to inaugurate the ‘Sagar Parikrama’ on 5th March 2022

The journey of ‘Sagar Parikrama’ shall focus on sustainable balance between

the utilization of marine fisheries resources for food security of nation and
livelihoods of coastal fisher communities and protection of marine ecosystems

The Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and

Dairying is organising this journey as a part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava’

Starting from Gujarat, the Parikrama is proposed to be conducted in all

coastal states/UTs through a pre-decided sea route to demonstrate solidarity
with all fisher folk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholders as a spirit of
Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Lesson middle Virtual Visit to a livestock farm, poultry farm and the process of pisciculture,
( time : 20 apiculture student will note the following: (1) Number of cattle and number of
minutes) different breeds. (2) The amount of daily milk production from the different
breeds, (3)poultry framing (4)
(Teacher need to collaborate with each other and will book conference room
and will show the videos of cattle farming,)
Role play on fishery and life of a fish farmer . What are challenges they
face like natural calamities.
Question asked
➢ What is the scheme of government for fish farmers?
What is the name which deal with fishery?
Learning Outcome:
• Encourages creativity and imagination. Pretend play helps children naturally
develop and use their cognitive abilities and skills.
• Fosters social and emotional development.
• Improves communication and language.
• Develops thinking, learning & problem-solving skills.
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 • Supports physical development.
Ice breaker Ice breaker is the part of the activity.
2 minutes
Lesson end NCERT Textbook– Page 211
Written part Question 1. What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
11 minutes Answer:

1. Shelter: Dairy animals and poultry birds require proper shelter, i.e., well
designed dairy and hygienic shelter.
2. Feeding: To get good yield of food product, proper feed is provided to dairy
animals and poultry birds.
3. Caring for animal health: Animal and birds must be protected from diseases
caused by virus, bacteria or fungi.

Question 2. What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their
management?
Answer: The poultry bird groomed for obtaining meat is called broiler. The egg
laying poultry bird is called layer.
The housing, nutritional and environmental requirements of broilers are somewhat
different from those of egg layers.
The ration (daily food requirement) for broilers is protein rich with adequate fat.
The level of vitamins A and K is kept high in the poultry feeds while layers require
enough space and proper lightning.
NCERT Textbook – Page 213
Question 1. How are fish obtained?
Answer: There are two ways of obtaining fish. One is from natural resources, which
is called capture fishing. The other way is by fish farming, which is called culture
fishery.

Last 2 Talk about food bank , cloth and toy bank

minutes

Lesson plan 6

Students will know about

Bee-Keeping
Bee-Keeping: Keeping of bees
for honey and wax is called Apiculture.
Varieties of bees used are Apis cerana
indica (Indian bee), Apis
mellifera (Italian bee) etc. Quantity
and quality of honey depends on
the pasturage available to the bees.

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 Learning Outcome It includes Capture
fishing and Culture fishery to obtain
true fish and shellfish like Prawns, etc.
for using them as food. Culture fishery
includes Marine fisheries (Mariculture),
Inland fisheries (Aquaculture) and
Composite fish culture.
Knowledge(Cognitive)
• Honeybees provide honey and wax.

• Bees suck nectar from flowers and convert it into honey.

The flowers that are available to bees are
called pasturage and the quality and quantity of honey depends on pasturage available to the
honeybees.

Lesson beginning (time Starting the class with Gayatri mantra.

: 5 minutes) Introduction of the topic with recap questions (Retrieval : level
1)
➢ What is Apiculture.
➢ Explain briefly the life cycle of honey bee?
➢ What is nectar? What is the difference between nectar
and honey?

Lesson middle Subtopics: Apiculture

(time : 20 minutes) Activity: Teacher will inform other co teachers to carry the things one
day prior.
To test the purity of honey.
Method: Take some samples of honey and glass tumblers filled with water.
➢ Pour honey sample in water drop by drop. Observe carefully.
If the honey forms a thread-like structure in the water, it

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 is pure. If the honey gets dissolved in water, it contains
sugar solution and is impure.
Bee-Keeping: Keeping of bees for honey and wax is called Apiculture.
Varieties of bees used are Apis cerana indica (Indian bee), Apis
mellifera (Italian bee) etc. Quantity and quality of honey depends on
the pasturage available to the bees.

Honeybees provide honey and wax.

• Honey is a nutritious food item used for various purposes. Honeybees
are cultured to get honey and wax in places called apiaries.
• There are Indian varieties of bees like Apis dorsata, Apis florae etc.
Exotic varieties of bee used for honey production is Apis mellifera. It
gives a high production of honey and also stings less.
• Bees suck nectar from flowers and convert it into honey. The flowers
that are available to bees are called pasturage and the quality and
quantity of honey depends on pasturage available to the honeybees.

Learning Outcome: Just like Adulteration people mix artificial things for
their benefit and earn money. Similarly a student always need to be pure
from heart. Never try to imitate others. The soul must be pure with full
of energy and positivity. Purity is complete absence of waste thoughts
and unwanted thoughts. Purity in your heart will always bring more closer
to people but artificiality will DE attach you from others.
Ice breaker Ice breaker is the part of the activity
Writing part (time: 11 NCERT Textbook for Class 9 Science – Page 213
minutes) Question 1. What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable
for honey production?
Answer:

1. The variety of bee should be able to collect a large amount of

honey.
2. The bees should stay in a given beehive for a longer period.
3. The bees should have capacity of breeding well.
4. The variety of bee should be disease resistant.

Question 2. What is pasturage and how is it related to honey

production?
Answer: The pasturage means the flowers available to the bees
for nectar and pollen collection. In addition to adequate quantities
of pasturage, the kind of flowers available will determine the taste
of the honey.

Last 2 minutes Food bank and cloth bank and donating old toys need to be
discussed with the students.

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 MARZANO TAXONOMY

29%

17%

37%

17%

RETRIEVAL COMPREHEND ANALYSIS KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS

Sr. No Date Day PW

1 1/8/22
Monday Question 1. Explain any one
method of crop production which
ensures high yield.
Question 2. Why are manure and
fertilizers used in fields?

2 3/8/22 Wednesday Question 3. What are the advantages

3 5/7/22
of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Question 4. What is genetic
manipulation? How is it useful in
agricultural practices?
Friday Question 5. How do storage grain
losses occur?
Question 6. How do good animal
husbandry practices benefit
farmers?
Question 7. What are the benefits
of cattle farming?
Question 8. For increasing
production, what is common in
poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?

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