1

Mid-Term Examination

Done by:

Mashael Qannas Alrewily

ID :444204438

Under supervision of

Prof . Juliana

October 27, 2022.

 2

Question one.

For the intergovernmental organization, I have chosen United Nations. Commonly

abbreviated as UN, its primary purpose includes maintaining security and peace, acting as a

center for harmonizing actions of the member states, achieving international cooperation, and

even developing friendly relations among the member states. In addition, the UN is the globe’s

most popular and largest intergovernmental institution. Its headquarters are in New York.

However, it has other main offices in Hague, Vienna, Nairobi, and Geneva. The essay will

describe the structure and its functions.

The figure below outlines the structure of the United Nations.

Figure 1: Structure of the United Nations

Source (United Nations, ND).

 3

General Assembly

It is the UN's representative, policymaking, and deliberative organ structure. It has

universal representation, implying that all the member states, 193 in number, are represented in

the General Assembly. The body meets in General Assembly Hall for AGM sessions. It

comprised six committees that are legal, budgetary, administrative, decolonization and special

political, culture, social and humanitarian, economic and financial and disarmament, and

international. Its functions include

Adopting the UN budget.

1. Resolving non-compulsory recommendations to the security council or states.

2. Amidst news, members follow the recommendation of security councils.

3. It is also responsible for electing all the Internal Court of Justice judges, the Un secretary

general, and every member of the Economic and Social Council and non-permanent

security council members.

Economic and Social Council.

The UN body is responsible for reviewing, deliberating, and coordinating economic policies

for the member states. It also offers recommendations for environmental, social, and economic

issues to enhance and facilitate the implementation of agreed development goals (United

Nations, ND). It is comprised of 54 members that are elected by the General assembly for a

triennial term. Its functions include;

1. Calling conferences on the matter within its competence (United Nations, ND).

2. Draft for convections to be submitted in the UN General Assembly (United Nations,

ND).
 4

3. Offering recommendations for observing fundamental freedoms and human rights for all.

4. Coordinating activities for the specialized agencies.

5. Performing functions prescribed by the charters assigned by the General assembly

(United Nations, ND).

Secretariat

It comprises the International United Nations members and the Secretary-General. As

mandated by the principal’s bodies and General Assembly, it is responsible for the organization’s

daily activities. The chief Administrative Officer is the Secretary-General (United Nations, ND).

The Current Secretary-General is António Guterres. The Secretary-General should work as an

advocate for the world’s people, especially the vulnerable and the poor. Its primary functions

include;

1. The Secretary-General is responsible for providing overall administrative guidance.

2. Carries out administrative and substantive work of the organization.

Trusteeship Council

It is another central structure of the United Nations that is responsible for administrating the

Trust territories. Its primary objectives include promoting the development of the inhabitants of

the trust territories. Otherwise stated, it is responsible for progressive development towards

independence or self-governance (United Nations, ND). Its functions include;

1. Considering reports submitted by the administrative authority.

2. Examining and accepting petitions (United Nations, ND).

3. Providing periodic trust territories visits (United Nations, ND).

 5

Security Council.

It is composed of 15 member states, each with one vote. This organ has a presidency that

changes and rotates monthly.

Its primary functions include;

1. Maintaining the member state’s security and peace. It determines any act of aggression or

threat to peace and settles all disputes in any conflicting parties.  

2. Making decisions. It uses the Charter Article 25 terms to make effective decisions, called

the United Nations Security Council resolutions, to which all the member states ought to

comply, unlike the other organs that only recommend conditions in the UN. 

3. Imposing sanctions. The Security Council can use force to authorize and restore

international security and peace. 

International Court of Justice. 

It serves as the primary judicial organ of the institution. It is also called the World Court.

The Court of Justice has its seat in Hague, Netherlands, unlike the other five organs in the US.

The security council votes 15 judges that serve as ICJ judges for a re-electable nine-year term

office. 

Its functions include;

1. Settling legal disputes. It uses international law to resolve conflicts and give legal advice

to member states depending on the concerned states' voluntary participation in a

proceeding.

Current mission.
 6

One of the UN’s current activities is alleviating suffering in the Ukrainian- Russian war.

Through International Atomic Energy Agency, commonly abbreviated as IAEA, United Nations

is establishing a protection and nuclear safety zone to alleviate nuclear warfare's health and

safety issues in the Ukraine war (IAEA, 2022). Through IAEA assistance and support mission to

Zaporizhzhya (IAEA, 2022). This support and assistance mission decrease the probability of

exposure to heightened radiation levels, such as atomic blasts associated with adverse health

effects such as acute radiation syndrome and skin burns (IAEA, 2022).
 7

Question 2.

I have decided to pick Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City for this question. It is a

nongovernmental and non-profit charity institution in Saudi Arabia. It is a nongovernmental

organization whose vision is to pioneer humanitarian services within the Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia. Its funding comes from Prince Sultan, the former Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. It is

based on various social and humanitarian objectives. It is therefore concerned with providing

healthcare and social provision to rehabilitation services through specialized medical and nursing

centers. In addition, it is concerned with developing healthcare systems in Saudi to offer

comprehensive medical care to the elderly and disabled within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The organization has invested heavily in technological and scientific advancements, with special

attention to the health and medical field. It is, therefore, concerned with enhancing social

development through the development of charity organizations and charity housing programs.

Furthermore, it complements the government's efforts to correct and address negative

perceptions of the Islamic and Arabic world. Its principal activities include:

One of the significant activities of the Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Foundation is

rehabilitation activities. It is a major nongovernmental institution known for the complex

rehabilitation of its kind around the globe. as stated earlier, the organization derives its funding

from charitable organizations. It is estimated to have benefitted from $320 million from the

aforementioned funding, which has helped the organization to develop medical rehabilitation

center equipped with 250 beds capacity, eight minor, and ten principal operation rooms, a

radiation and laboratories section, and facilities for various medical checkups (Raphaeli, 2003).

In addition, it is equipped with a Children's center that can accommodate one hundred and fifty

children and an elderly rehabilitation center for 150 individuals. It is a well-developed city
 8

equipped to take in children of all ages, from newborns to six. The organization also provides

treatment and teaching programs to individuals with health complications, growth abnormalities,

and physical disabilities (Jovero, Al-Nusair & Manarang, 2014). Precisely, it aids children

suffering from minor injuries to join public institutions of learning independently and usually by

engaging in early interventions.

It is also concerned with supporting technological and scientific developments. It offers

education and medical communications by adopting modern methods such as fiber optics and

satellite networks. The kingdom is concerned with spreading health education within and outside

Kingdom (Jovero, Al-Nusair & Manarang, 2014). This helps the institution support technological

and scientific inventions and spread knowledge meant to impact the lives of the elderly and

children positively.

It is concerned with social housing. It aids needy families in owning houses. The

organization has several projects in various regions, such as Hail Region, Tabuk Region, and

Southern Region. It developed various smart houses in each region, such as a hundred fully and

well-developed villas equipped with necessary utilities. The project always includes clinics,

social centers, schools, and mosques.

The Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Foundation, in corporation with the Islamic Studies

Program, offers support to graduates, post-graduates, visitors, and researchers by teaching

Islamic Shariah and Arabic at the University of California in Berkeley. The Islamic and Arabic-

related subjects offered include humanities, sociology, and history (D&B Business Directory,

ND). In addition, it aims to instigate Islamic principles, thus bridging the West and the East.
 9

References

D&B Business Directory. (ND). Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City. Retrieved from

https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-

profiles.sultan_bin_abdulaziz_humanitarian_city.5e6cc248d3bf4b2cf0f4d6ffa510aca5.ht

ml

IAEA. (2022). Update 118 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine.

Retrieved from https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-118-iaea-director-

general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine

Jovero, J. A., Al-Nusair, H., & Manarang, M. (2014). Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City is

committed to serving as a center for wound care excellence. Wound Care Advisor, 3(2),

16-20.

Raphaeli, N. (2003). Saudi Arabia: A brief guide to its politics and problems. Middle East

Review of International Affairs, 7(3), 21–33.

United Nations. (ND). Main Bodies. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/main-

bodies

United Nations. (ND). Chapter X The Economic and Social Council (Articles 61 72). Retrieved

from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-10

United Nations. (ND). Chapter XIII The Trusteeship Council (Articles 86 91). Retrieved from

https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-13

United Nations. (ND). Chapter XV The Secretariat (Articles 97 101). Retrieved from

https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-15
10