FI I TJEE PRACTICE SHEET-LIMIT

L I M I T E D

Existence of Limit
Evaluate the following limits

 e1/ x − 1   1
1. (a) lim  1/ x  (b) lim sin  
x →0 e
 + 1 x →0
x
1
 x2  x −2
(c) If lim   = 1 . Then find the range of values of a. Here [.] represents greatest integer
x →2−  a 

function.

(tan({x} − 1)) sin{x}

(d) lim ({.} denotes fractional part of x)
x →0 {x}({x} − 1)
( )
(e) Evaluate lim sin−1[sec x] (where [.] represents the greatest integer function)
x →0

Factorisation Method
x − 6x + 11x − 6
3 2

2. (a) f(x) = find set of all possible points ‘a’ where lim f(x) does not exist
x 3 − 6x 2 + 11x − 6 x →a

3
x + x + x x −3
(b) lim
x →1 x3 − 1
S2 S3 S4 S
(c) Let Sn = 1 + 2+ 3 +….+ n, Pn =   ..... n , then the value of lim Pn
S 2 − 1 S3 − 1 S 4 − 1 Sn − 1 n →

(where nN, N  2)
n
r3 − 8
(d) lim  3
r =3 r + 8
x →

 1  1  1  1 
(e) The limit lim n → 
1 +   1 + 2   1 + 4  ....  1 + 2  is equal to n
 5  5  5   5 
Rationalisation Method
3. Solve the following limits.

(a) lim
x →0
x2 + 1 − 1
x +9 −3
2
(b) lim x 3 / 2
x →
( x3 + 1 − x3 − 1 )
1 − sin 2x 2x + 23 − x − 6
(c) lim (d) lim
x→
  − 4x x →2
2− x − 21− x
4

−1 + (tan x − sin x) + (tan x − sin x) + (tan x − sin x) + ....

(e) lim+
x →0
−1 + x 3 + x 3 + x 3 + .....
(f) (
lim cos  n2 + n (where n is an integer)
n →
)
cos2 (1 − cos2 (1 − cos2 (1....cos2 ))...)
(g) lim
→ 0  (  + 4 − 2) 
sin  
 
 
Limit approaches to infinity
4. (a) If lim(
x →
x − x + 1 − ax − a) exists then a is equal to
4 2 2

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 (b) lim 2
x →
( )
25x 2 + x − 5x is equal to

(c) lim
n →( n2 + n + 1 −  n2 + n + 1
  ) (where [.] represents the greatest integer function)

lim ( )  n  (n + 1) 
x+ x − x− x lim ( −1)n sin   n2 + + 1   sin
4n 
(d) (e) nN.
 

x → n → 2

 1 2 x +1
(3x 4 + 2x 2 ) sin   + | X |3 +5
x  x 2 + 2x − 1  2 x −1
(f) Evaluate lim (g) lim  2 

x →− | x |3 + | x |2 + | x | +1 x →
 2x − 3 x − 2 

 
n
Cr n sin2 x
(h) lim 
2 2 2
(i) lim 11/ sin x
+ 21/ sin x
+ ......... + n1/ sin x

r = 0 n (r + 3)
n → r x →0

 1  1  1
(j) lim  1 +   1 +  .....  1 +  , where a1 = 1 and an = n(1+an−1)  n  2.
x →
 a1   a2   an 

Standard limit , L’ Hopital Rule & Newton Leibnitz Formula

ex − x − 1
5 (a) Find lim , where {.} denotes fractional part of x, if it exists (I is an integer).
x →I x2
1 − cos3 x x cos x − log(1 + x)
(b) lim (c) lim
x →0 x sin x cos x x →0 x2
x
t 2 dt
(1 − cos 2x) sin5x 
(d) lim (e) lim
0 a + t = 1 find a and b
x →0 x 2 sin3x x →0
bx − sin x
−1  t2 
2
x

 tan  1 + t 2  dt 
x    x + 2 −1 
(f) lim (g) Evaluate: Lim  .
x →0
sin 2x x → −1 log (x + 2 ) 
 5 
log sec x / 2 (cos x ) x
(
log e + 3 x − 5 x + 9 x 3
2
)
(h) Find the limit lim
x →0  x
log sec x  cos 
. (i) lim
(
x → 0 log cos x − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3
.
)
 2
 tan  
(j) Find lim − where [.] denotes greatest integer function.
→0   
2
 x x2 
  e dx 
e x − e x cos x
(k) Evaluate lim (l) lim  0 
x → 0 (x + sin x ) x →  x 
  e dx 
2x 2

0 
x2

 (sin
−1
t)2 dt
0

( )
(m) lim
x →0
x 4
x2 + 1 − 1
1 form & 00 etc.

 sin x 
9x  
 21 / x + 31 / x +  + 101 / x   sin x  x − sin x 
6. (a) lim   . (b) Evaluate lim   .
x → 9 x → 0 x 
 

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 1
 f (x )  x
(c) If lim 1 + x +  = e 3 , then find the polynomial function f (x), hence find coefficient of
x →0  x 
2
x.
  
sec 2  
     2 − qx 
(d) lim sin2   where p, q R (e) lim (sin x)tan x
x →0
  2 − px   x →0+

1/n 1/ {x}
 en   (1 + {x})1/ {x} 
(f) lim   (g) lim+   ({.} denotes fractional part of x)
n →
  x →0
 e 
Series Expansion
x2
x cot x − 1 +
7. (a) Evaluate lim 3
x →0 x4
ae x − b cos x + ce − x
(b) Find the values of a, b and c so that lim =2
x →0 x sin x
axe x − blog (1 + x ) + cxe − x
(c) Find the value of a, b and c such that lim = 2.
x →0 x 2 sin x
x3
cos2 x − cos x − e x cos x + e x −
(d) lim 2 = (nN,  0). Find n and .
x →0 xn
a sin x − bx + cx 2 + x 3
(e) lim 2 exists and a is finite than find a(b+c).
x →0 2x ln(1 + x) − 2x 3 + x 4

Sandwich Theorem
1 1 1
[x] + [2x] + [3x] + .... + [nx]
8. (a) Evaluate lim 2 3 n , (where [.] GIF)
n → 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2
an
(b) Evaluate lim , a  R +
n→ n!

  [12 ( x )x ] + [22 ( x )x ] + .......... + [n2 ( x )x ] 

(c) Evaluate lim+  lim  
 (where [.] GIF)
x → 0 n → 
3
  n 

ANSWERS
1. (a) RHL = 1, LHL=−1, limit does not exist
(b) does not exist as it does not have unique definite value
(c) 2 < a  4 (d) does not exist (e) /2
7 2
2. (a) 1,2,3 (b) (c) 3 (d) (e) 5/4
9 7
1 4
3. (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) does not exist (d) 8 (e) (f) 0 (g)
2 
1 1 1 1
4. (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 1 (e) (f) −2 (g) (h) e−2 (i) n (j) e
5 2 2 2
3 1 10
5. (a) Does not exist (b) (c) (d) (e) a=4, b = 1 (f) 0
2 2 3
1 2
(g) ln 5 (h) 16 (i) −4 (j) – 2 (k) 0 (l) 0 (m)
2 3
1
(c) f(x) = 2x2+bx3+cx4+…, 2 (d) e−p /q (e) 1
2 2
6. (a) 10!. (b) (f) e (g) e−1/2
e
1 1
7. (a) − (b) a=1, b=2, c=1 (c) a = 3, b = 12, c = 9. (d) n =4, = (e) 36
45 2

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 1
8. (a) 0 (b) 0 (c)
3

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SOLUTIONS

1
 x2  x −2  x2 
1. (c) lim−   = 1   = 1
x →2
a  a 
X2
so 1 2 Now x 2 → 4 −
a
4
 1  2 2 < a  4
a
1
2+
2 x +1  2 1  x
 x 2 + 2x − 1  2 x −1  1+ − 2  2− 1
4. (g) lim  2  = lim  x x  X
x → 2 x − 3 x − 2  x →  3 2 
  2− − 2 
 x x 
2+0
 1 + 0 − 0  2−0 1
=  =
2−0−0 2
 1  1  1
(j) lim  1 +   1 +  .....  1 + 
x →
 a1   a2   an 
a
we know, an−1 + 1 = n …(i)
n
 a  a  a  a  1
= lim  2   3   4  .....  n+1  .
n→
 2  3  4   n + 1  a1  a2  .....  an
a +1 1 + an
= lim n = lim [using eq.(i)]
n→ (n + 1)! n→ n!
1 a  1 1 a 
= lim  + n  = lim  + + n−1  [using eq.(i)]

n→ n! n!  n→  n! (n − 1)! (n − 1)! 
1 1 1 1 1 a 
= lim  + + + ..... + + + 1 [a1 = 1; given]

n→ n! (n − 1)! (n − 2)! (2)! 1! 1! 
1 1 1 1 1 1
= lim  + + + ..... + + + 

n→ n! (n − 1)! (n − 2)! (2)! 1! 1 
 1 1 1 
=e  As e = 1 + 1! + 2! + 3! + ............ 
 

5. (a) Does not exist

ex − x − 1 et − t − 1 1
Here lim+ = lim = , where t = {x}
x →I x2 t →0 + t2 2
e x − x − 1 e − 1− 1
and lim− = = e –2  Since lim− x = 1
x →I x
2
1  x →I 
(g). Let x = -1 + t
So, as x → -1, t → 0
 t + 1 − 1 
Given limit = Lim 
t → 0  log (t + 1) 
 5 
Rationalizing the numerator and changing the base to e, we get
 (t + 1) − 1 ln5  1
Lim  .  = Lim
ln5
Lim
t
=
ln5
(1) = ln 5
t →0
 ln(t + 1) t + 1 + 1 t → 0 t +1+1 t → 0 ln(t + 1) 2 2

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 2 2
   
log cos x log sec x    
log cos x log cos x
(h) .  lim     lim 
x x x →0 x  x →0 x
log sec log cos  log cos   log cos 
2 2  2  2
2
 
 
 2 tan x  0 
 lim  form 
 x →0 x  0 
 tan 
 2 
2
 
 2 
2 sec x 
  lim = 16
 x →0 1 2 x
 sec 
 2 2
(
log e x + 3 x − 5 x 2 + 9 x 3 )
log 1 + e x − 1 + 3 x − 5 x 2 + 9 x 3 ( )
(i) lim
(
x → 0 log cos x − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3
= lim
)
x → 0 log 1 + cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 ( )
(
log 1 + e − 1 + 3 x − 5 x + 9 x
x
e − 1 + 3x − 5x + 9x
2 3
) x 2 3
= lim
x →0 e − 1 + 3x − 5x + 9x
x 2 3
.
log 1 + cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 ( )
e − 1 + 3x − 5x + 9x
x 2 3
= lim
(
x → 0 log 1 + cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 )
e − 1 + 3x − 5x + 9x
x 2
cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3
3
= lim .
(
x → 0 cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 log 1 + cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 )
e −1 x
+ 3 − 5x + 9x 2
ex − 1 + 3x − 5x 2 + 9x3 x
= lim = lim
x → 0 cos x − 1 − x + 3 x 2 − 6 x 3 x →0 x
− 2 sin2
2 − 1 + 3x − 6x 2
x
1+ 3 − 0 + 0
= = –4
0 − 1+ 0 − 0
(j)  → 0   < tan
tan  tan 
 1-  −1
 
 tan  
 lim − =-2.
→0   

(k) lim
(e x
) (
− 1 − e x cos x − 1 )
x →0 (x + sin x )
= lim
−1 (e x
− lim
) e x cos x − 1
x →0  sin x  x →0  1 sin x 
x 1 +  x cos x  + 
 x   cos x x cos x 
1 1
= 1. − 1. = 0
2 2
9x
 21 / x + 31 / x +  + 101 / x 
6 (a) lim  
x → 9
 
9 x ( 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 )

( 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 ) 1

 9 + 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 

= lim  
x →
 9 

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 9 x ( 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 )

( 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 ) 1

 21/ x + 31/ x + + 101/ x − 9 

= lim 1 + 
x →
 9 
 ln 2 1/ x ln 3 1/ x ln 10 1/ x 
 − 2 .2 − .3 − − .10 
 21/ x + 31/ x ++101/ x − 9  lim  x x2 x2 

2  x →  
lim    −
1

1/ x
+ 31/ x ++101/ x − 9 x→ 1/ x   x2 

= lim e x = e = e
x →

lim 21/ x ln 2 + 31/ x ln 3 ++101/ x ln 10 
= ex → = 10!.

 sin x  sin x  sin x   sin x 

 
 sin x  x − sin x  lim 
x − sin x  x
−1 lim  −  1
(b) lim     x 
=
x →0
= e x →0 = e .
x → 0 x  e
1
 f (x )  x
(c) Given lim 1 + x +  = e3
x →0  x 
1
  f (x )  x
 lim 1 + x1 + 2  = e 3 …(1)
x →0
  x 
 lim (1 + ax ) = ea
1/ x
….(2)
x →0
f (x ) f (x )
comparing (1) and (2) we get, 1 + 2
= 3  2 = 2  f (x) = 2x2 +……+
x x

7. (c) Using the expansions, we have

 x2   x2 x3   x2 x3 
ax1 + x + + .....  − b x − + − .....  + cx1 − x + − + ..... 
lim       =2
2! 2 3 2! 3!
x →0  x 3

x 2  x − + ..... 
 3! 
  a b c
x (a − b + c ) + x 2  a + − c  + x 3  − +  + .....
b

 lim  2  2 3 2 =2
3 
x →0 2
x
x 1 − + ...... 
 3! 
Now above limit will exist only if least power in the numerator is greater than or equal to
the least power in denominator i.e. co-efficients of x and x2 in the numerator should be
zero and co-efficient of x3 should be two .
b a b c
i.e. a –b +c = 0, a + − c = 0, − + = 2
2 2 3 2
On solving, we get a = 3, b = 12, c = 9.

  [12 ( x )x ] + [22 ( x )x ] + ..... + [n2 ( x )x ] 

8. (c) Let P = lim+  lim  

x → 0 n → 
3
  n 

= lim+  lim
(12 + 22....... + n2 ) ( x )x 
 –


 n → 
lim
  
12 ( x )x + 22 ( x )x + ......... + n2 ( x )x   
x →0  n→
3   n3 
 n  
 1  1 
 1 +   2 +  
  n  n x 
 P = lim+  ( x )  –A
x →0 6
 
 

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 1 
 P = lim+  ( x )x  − A …….(1)
x →0  3 
 0  { 1 (x) } < 1, ……….., 0  { n2 (x)x} < 1
2 x

 for A = lim+  lim

    
12 ( x )x + ......... + n2 ( x )x 

x →0  n → 
3 
 n 
On adding the above in equalities & taking limits
  n 
0  A < lim+  lim  3  
x →0  n →   n 
0A<0A=0
 From (1)
1
P= lim+ e x ln x
3 x →0
ln( h )  1/ h 
 
1 hlim 1 hlim 2  1 1
= e (1 / h ) = e  −1 / h  = e0 = .
→0 →0

3 3 3 3
an
(d) lim ,a  R +
n→ n!

Let   a <  + 1 where   I+

an (a  a  a  a  .............a)(a  a  a  ....a) an a a a a
= = = =   ......
n! (1  2  3  ....... )  {(  + 1)  (  + 2)....n} n!  !  + 1  + 2 n
a a a a
Here,    .......... 
 +1  + 2  + 3 n
 n −
a n
a  a 
= 
n!  !   + 1 
a
Also, 1
 +1
n −
 a 
 lim   =0
x →  + 1
 
an
Using Sandwich theorem, we can say that lim = 0,a  R +
x → n!

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