UTS-Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Karya lmiah

INTRODUCTION

Duck farming in Indonesia have a great contribution to the small holders. Our preliminary
studies found that local ducks of strain A and B dominated on the farming practices in
Lombok The farmers fed them with local feedstuff feeding with farmer's diet formulation
progressing in the recent years. This development is closely related to the increasing
demand on their products both eggs and meat. Local ducks such as strain A isone of the
local poultry breed that have the advantage of producing eggs. This duck has long been
preserved and grown in South Kalimantan, especially in the Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS),
Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST), and Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU). A's duck population in South
Kalimantan in 2010 was 4,354,121 with 4.17% growth rate, egg and meat production of
27.733,704 kg and 1,525,615 kg respectively (Provincial Livestock Service of South
Kalimantan, 2011). The largest A duck population is located in North Hulu Sungai Regency
1.280,591 birds (BPS KabupatenHulu Sungai Utara 2010), KabupatenHulu Sungai Selatan
935.927 birds (BPS KabupatenHulu Sungai Selatan 2010), and Hulu Sungai Tengah
Regency of 947,115 (BPS KabupatenHulu Sungai Central 2010 ) and the rest are scattered
in several districts and cities in South Kalimantan
(http://web.bptukdi.info/2017/04/itik-A-untuk kesejahteraan-peternak.html).

Whilst strain B is another local duck breed, is well known poultry breed in Indonesia, the
superior layer of duck originating from East Java. However, there was no information on the
current population of Mojosari ducks. In general, the national population of ducks increased
in 2017 about 6.24 per cent from the previous year (from 46711900 to 49709403 birds). In
fact, in further development, the population of this ducks is reported decreasing
(http://www.trobos.com/detail-berita/2016/08/01/29/7791/mempertahankan-eksistensi-itik-mo
josari). There are some challenges to be taken into consideration in developing layer local
ducks. The hatchability values of both local ducks were 48.98 percent (A) (unpublished) and
52.9 to 66.0 percent (B) depending on the sex ratios as reported by Indarsih et al. (2018)
which is lower compared to the expected hatching performance. Whilst hatching
performance of kampong chickens was 66,67 percent (Susanto and Suliswanto, 2013), thus
genetically local ducks had lower performance than local chickens. In addition, fishy tastes of
the duck egg together with cholesterol issues undeniably affected the consumer
preferences. Regardless of these problems, the two genotypes are very popular in the duck
farmer society in Lombok. The objective of this work, therefore, was to provide local duck
performance both quantitative and qualitative traits as references for small holders to made
a choice in keeping their selected local ducks.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Birds and Management

The study was conducted on a duck farmer group situated in the suburb of Mataram, in
Lombok Island, Indonesia during January to May 2022. One hundred 44-week-old A ducks
(AD) and one hundred 44-week-old Mojosari ducks ( MD) were housed in the same building
in two separated pens (5 birds/m2). The birds were obtained from local breeders at growing
periods (20 wks of age) and were maintained in floor pens on deep litter system for a period
of 10 weeks excluding 2 weeks for acclimatization. A diet containing metabolisable energy
(ME) 2800 kcal/kg and 17.5% crude protein (CP) was offered. All birds were fed manually
with conventional feedstuffs according to the farmer's formula consisting of rice bran,
grounded fresh water fish and green algae (unidentified chlorophyta) as reported by Indarsih
et al. (2015) with calculated nutrient composition as shown in Table 1. Outdoor access to
drinking water was provided for 24 hours. In floor pens, each breed was raised until they
entered into the laying periods. Each pen was 6 m length and 3 m width. Three nest boxes
were provided for each pen on the floor. We did not treat the ducks to any health prevention
both medication and vaccination.

Table 1. Ingredient and calculated nutrient composition (g/kg) of experimental diet.

Ingredient (g/kg)

Rice bran 500

Ground fresh water fish 300

Green algae (unidentified chlorophyta) 200

Total 1000

Calculated Nutrient Contents

Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg) 2800

Crude protein (%) 17,5

Crude fiber (%) 7,0

Calcium (%) 0,54

Phosphor (available) (%) 0,67

Laying Performance Measurements

Egg production was recorded daily and was calculated on a hen-day basis as follows: total
number of eggs collected divided by total number of live laying ducks per day in each group.
Feed intake was measured on weekly basis. Feed conversion ratio was calculated as the
ratio of grams of feed to grams of egg mass as used by many authors (Diken et al., 2016;
Singh et al., 2021). Egg mass (EM) was calculated as EM = (EP EW)/100. The FCR was
calculated as FCR = FI/EM (Diken et al., 2016).
Body weight of both local ducks was weighed at the beginning and end of the experimental
periods.

RESULTS