1.

objective

1.To develop a valid concept of the meaning and scope of school administration and supervision.

2. To develop the ability to distinguish administration from supervision and know the different types of
school administration and supervision.

3. To develop an understanding of the traditional and modern concepts of school administration and
supervision.

2.

Administration comes from the Latin word ministration meaning “ give service”. Administration is the
process of organizing people and other resources efficiently by directing activities toward the
attainment of goals and objectives.

Administration refers to the machinery/structure of an organization and its functions. It involves

direction, control, and operation of the organizational activities to attain the organization’s goals and
objectives. It is concerned with execution policy

3.

According to Good, supervision refers to all efforts designated school officials directed toward providing
leadership for teachers and other educational workers in the improvement of instruction.

4.

Supervision could have come from two words –SUPER and VISION.

* Super vision means ultra clear sight. Such ultra sight is what the supervisor needs in overseeing
performance of subordinates.

* Super means “on top of” everything that his subordinates are doing.

5. TYPES OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION

* EXTRINSIC-DUALISTIC

* LINE- AND-STAFF

* EXTRINSIC-DUALISTIC – there is no centralization of authority, no definitions of lines, no

mechanism for cooperation.

* LINE-AND-STAFF – the authority is placed on the line officers or school administrators who issue
orders.

6. Difference Between Administration and Supervision

* Administration

 Represents the whole of the educational system

 Emphasis authority

 Provides favorable conditions for effective teaching and learning

 Decides, directs and orders the execution of the educational program

 Focuses on the school system as a whole

* Supervision

 Represents a portion of the educational system

 Emphasis service

 Carries out better operation and improving the same

 Assists, advises, guides and leads the operation and improvement of the educational program

 Focuses on the students and teaching- learning process.

 TRADITIONAL

The traditional concept of administration and supervision is based on the philosophy that the
teacher is the center of administration and supervisory activities.

Teachers are expected to listen to administrators and supervisors, and to carry their directives
without questions.

Early in the history of school administration and supervision, operations were largely on a
personal and practical basis.

MODERN

The modern concept of school administration and supervision on the other hand, recognizes
the child and his growth and development as the center of administrative and supervisory

activities. In other words, the concept of administration and supervision has gradually moved
from the improvement of instruction to the improvement of the learning process.

Modern administration and supervision promote the growth of the child and the
teacher through stimulation, direction, and guidance.

Interdependence and cooperation are the essential characteristics of modern administration

and supervision. All school activities are integrated or correlated with community projects

which affect teaching and learning process. Integration of school ad community activities calls
for democratic leadership which functions in a group situation through cooperative action

The traditional and modern concepts of school administration and supervision can be
summarized as follows:

• 1. based on the philosophy that the teacher is the center of administrative and supervisory
activities

• 2. recognizes the child and it growth

• 3.subjective

• 4. based on facts and utilize scientific and modern devices and procedures

• 5. individualistic and regimented

• 6. socialistic and cooperative

• 7. puts more emphasis on techniques

• 8. based on principles

• 9. practices leadership through compulsion, coercion and imposition

• 10. practices democratic leadership through stimulation, direction, and guidance

• 11. regards classroom visitation as an isolated activity from other projects

• 12. covers the whole teaching-learning factors which are resident in the pupils, in the teachers,
in the administrators and supervisors and in the school