Revised lead and copper rule delayed again, page 12 July 2018

Well Forensics
Difficult wells require a
more detailed approach,
page 23
Also:
Maximizing ROI with
downhole cameras, page 29
Progressive well and pump
maintenance, page 36

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 July 2018
Vol. 72, No. 7

Featured ARTICLES
23 Well Forensics
By Roger Miller
Difficult well problems may require a more
detailed approach of investigation.
29 Maximizing Your ROI
By William Wagner
Downhole cameras can be a great tool
for any company. But make sure you
know these five factors before lowering
one in a well.

About the cover: A view from the back of a rig from Rottman
Drilling Co. at a jobsite at a ranch in Santa Clarita, California.
The well replacement was drilled 610 feet and marked the last well
for Rottman as it ceased operation and began selling its equip-
ment after the job. In addition to irrigating the ranch, the well
supplies water for Los Angeles County fire-fighting crews in times
of need—like earlier this summer. Rottman, which was located
in Lancaster, California, was in business for nearly 90 years and
three generations. Rottman did well drilling and pump installation,
well maintenance, well rehabilitation, and more. Photo submitted
by Edd Scofield of Johnson Screens, Aqseptence Group, in Laguna
Hills, California.
2  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com
 Featured COLUMNISTS
29 32 Safety Matters
By Alexandra Walsh
WWJ DEPARTMENTS Eye Safety on the Job
Having an eye and face protection program prevents injuries.
4 First Up
Some Like It Hot 34 Drawing from the Well
6 Editor’s Note By Gary Shawver, MGWC
Treat Your Customers Like Ambassadors No Man Is an Island
If the groundwater industry is going to survive, we must be
8 In This Issue willing to help others.
10 WWJ Closeup 36 Engineering Your Business
Steve Chisholm, CPI
By Ed Butts, PE
12 Industry Newsline Preventive Well and Pump Maintenance
Revised lead and copper rule delayed again Program
18 The Log Part 1: Setting up the program and its parameters
NGWA files comments on EPA’s groundwater/
44 People at Work
surface water interaction request
By Alexandra Walsh
20 Now on Water Well Journal.com
Outsourcing HR for Small Businesses
51 Newsmakers Whether you outsource everything or just some tasks, there are
2M Co. Inc. celebrates 40th anniversary options for your company.

52 Featured Products 46 The Water Works

56 Coming Events By Ed Butts, PE
58 Classified Marketplace Engineering of Water Systems
Part 15(c)—Well Pumps as Booster Pumps
66 Index of Advertisers
The views expressed in the columns are the authors’ opinions based
68 Punch List on their professional experience.

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most in the groundwater industry.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  3

First UP
SOME LIKE IT HOT
L
ester Johnson, a certified welder for 30 years, works
on 24-inch ps 316 stainless steel well screen featuring
weld rings and collars. The photo was taken at Johnson
Screens’ Bakersfield, California, facility. When completed,
the screen went to an aquifer storage and recovery project
in Monterey, California. Johnson is wearing proper personal
protective equipment for welding. Read the Safety Matters
column on eye protection on page 32. Photo submitted by
Edd T. Scofield of Johnson Well Screens, Aqseptence Group.
4  July 2018 WWJ
First Up is a page of Water Well Journal that showcases—
you! Please send in photos and brief descriptions and you just
may be “first up” in an issue of WWJ ! And remember, if your
photo is selected for the cover of WWJ, you’ll receive $250. If
your photos are selected, you will be asked to fill out a photo
disclaimer form that grants the National Ground Water Asso-
ciation the royalty-free right to display the photos. Please send
high resolution digital photos to tplumley@ngwa.org.
waterwelljournal.com
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Editor’s NOTE Advancing the expertise
of groundwater professionals
and furthering groundwater awareness.

TREAT YOUR CUSTOMERS NGWA

The Groundwater
Association
®

LIKE AMBASSADORS Chief Executive Officer

Terry S. Morse, CIC tmorse@ngwa.org

T
his is an editorial on customer service. It is not an editorial NGWA President
on designer purses, although it may seem like one at times. David Henrich, CWD/PI, CVCLD
And let’s admit—if this was about purses, at least we
Director of Information Products/Editor
could all say we were witness to a first in Water Well Journal’s
Thad Plumley tplumley@ngwa.org
77-year history!
My wife had a designer purse she used for years, basically Water Well Journal Editorial Review Board
carrying it until it wore out. Meeting the manufacturer at a Art Becker, MGWC, CPG; Tom Christopherson;
show, she mentioned it and was told to send it in for repair. Dan Milan; Roger Renner, MGWC;
She eagerly did so, excited to see it come back looking like John Schnieders, Ph.D., and Robert Sterrett, Ph.D.
new again. Senior Editor
And then nothing happened. Mike Price mprice@ngwa.org
She called to no response. Emails went unanswered. Copy Editor
Finally, she posted a question on one of the manufacturer’s social media channels. Wayne Beatty wbeatty@ngwa.org
That got a response. “Oh my goodness,” she was told. “You sent it to the wrong
Production and Design
place. Ask the postal service to send it back to you and then mail to the correct
Deirdre Stevens dstevens@ngwa.org
address so we can repair it right away.”
She did just that—and then nothing happened. Advertising
She called to no response. Emails went unanswered. Brooke Smith
Worried, my wife looked online for complaints about the company. Unfortu- Kelli Nilsson
nately, she found stories looking eerily like her own. Her heart sank. Mark Mohanna
To say my wife had been an ambassador for this purse manufacturer for years Matthew Thomasson
is an understatement. She would show off their products to friends and tell anyone To inquire, contact sales@ngwa.org
who would listen all about them. I told her on more than one occasion she should Circulation Coordinator
have a marketing title and salary with the company. Denise Bierkortte dbierkortte@ngwa.org
And then something occurred to her. “I wonder if they lost it and are afraid to Contributing Writers
admit it,” she asked me one day. She wrote again and asked if picking out a new Ed Butts, PE; Donald W. Gregory;
purse would “be easier than making the repair.” An immediate reply told her to pick William J. Lynott; Julie Hansen;
something out. Michael J. Schnieders, PG, PH-GW;
She did so. And then—I know you can see where this is going by now—nothing Gary Shawver, MGWC; Lana Straub;
happened. Raymond L. Straub Jr., PG; Jennifer Strawn;
We’re at eight months and counting now. The company’s name no longer elicits Alexandra Walsh; and William Wagner.
phrases that sound like a commercial; they’re more like rants I am not allowed to
Editorial, Advertising, & Publishing Offices
print.
601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081
You don’t always know the ambassadors for your company, which is why treating
(800) 551-7379 Fax: (614) 898-7786
every customer with respect has to be the rule. So, what do you think the average
customer would say about you? Would it be a commercial worthy of running on Selected content from Water Well Journal is
television? Would you be proud of what you heard? indexed on Ground Water On-Line™ at
There is major competition for every business today. This means quality customer www.NGWA.org/gwonline
service is more critical than ever. Make sure you treat every customer like they’re ©Copyright 2018 by the National Ground Water
your best one and they may just repay you by becoming your ambassador. Association. All rights reserved.
I can assure you that beats the alternative.
The Water Well Journal (ISSN #0043-1443) is published
monthly by the National Ground Water Association,
601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.
Printed and mailed at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and additional
mailing offices. Postal acceptance: Periodical (requester
subscription circulation) postage paid at Westerville, Ohio,
Thad Plumley is the editor of WWJ and director of information products at the National Ground Water and at additional mailing offices.
Association. He can be reached at tplumley@ngwa.org and on Twitter @WaterWellJournl. Postmaster: Send address changes to Water Well Journal,
601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.
Canada Post/ Publications Mail Agreement #40739533.
Return address: 4960-2 Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A 6J3.

6  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

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In this ISSUE Disclaimer
Water Well Journal and the National Ground

T he July issue of Water Well Journal focuses on well rehabilitation and features
two feature articles on the subject.
Author Roger Miller covers how to assess well systems that
Water Association provide information for guidance
and information purposes only. This publication is
not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal
are proving difficult because common assessment practices are not advice.
solving the problem. In the cover story, “Well Forensics” on page The issues addressed in Water Well Journal have
23, Miller points out some wells from time to time require more been identified by NGWA as being pertinent to its
mission, but the decision to address any particular
detailed investigations and then shares case studies that show how
issue should not be interpreted as an indication
to do so. that such an issue is more or less important to the
He provides four case studies of well systems that needed extra industry than other issues.
research from his company. The studies represent wells having Water Well Journal and NGWA cannot
problems relating to a well construction-related issue, water quality Roger Miller guarantee as to its accuracy, completeness,
issue, deposited materials not responding to conventional treatments, and validity of the information contained herein
and an operational issue within the water chemistry realm. and cannot be held liable for any errors or
omissions. All information contained herein
Using a downhole camera is the subject of freelance writer William Wagner’s fea-
should be independently verified and confirmed.
ture story. Titled “Maximizing Your ROI” and starting on page 29, he lists five fac- Water Well Journal and NGWA do not accept
tors to consider when using a downhole camera, and why the tool can be an important any liability for any loss or damage howsoever
part of your work. caused in reliance upon such information.
The tips mentioned are: A camera doesn’t lie. View the camera’s footage like a Readers agree to assume all risk resulting from
doctor. Don’t hesitate asking for a second opinion. Have a plan. You get what you pay the application of any of the information provided
for. While cameras come with associated costs, Wagner’s article explains they can be by Water Well Journal and NGWA.
The NGWA is funded in large parts by member
quite useful and help justify the fees you charge to customers.
dues, advertising, and donations and is not finan-
The monthly Safety Matters column looks at the important topic cially able to full explore all issues impacting the
of protecting your eyes when on the jobsite. In “Eye Safety on the groundwater industry. The NGWA assumes no duty
Job” on page 32, columnist Alexandra Walsh begins with some to its members or any party to investigate, evaluate,
sobering statistics: 2000 workers suffer eye injuries each day; 33% or disseminate information regarding any issue
of eye injuries are treated in emergency rooms; and eye injuries cost within the industry.
more than $300 million per year in lost time, medical expenses, and Trademarks and copyrights mentioned within
Water Well Journal are the ownership of their
workers’ compensation.
respective companies. The names of products and
Walsh then highlights OSHA standards covering eye protection; services presented are used only in an education
Alexandra Walsh how eye injuries can occur; selecting proper personal equipment fashion and to the benefit of the trademark and
protecting the eyes; providing a written eye safety plan that features copyright owner, with no intention of infringing on
training; and handling eye emergencies. An accompanying sidebar features a checklist trademarks or copyrights.
of five key steps to take for eye safety. No endorsement of any third-party products
Walsh also authors the People at Work column titled “Outsourcing HR for Small or services is expressed or implied by any
information, material, or content referred to
Businesses” which begins on page 44. In it, she agrees administrative functions related
in the Water Well Journal.
to human resources can be costly for small businesses, but are also very critical.
One suggestion she makes to help offset the costs is outsourcing some or all of those Advertising Disclaimer
Advertisers and advertising agencies assume
responsibilities to professional human resource firms. These firms can do everything
liability for all content (including text, repre-
from payroll outsourcing, employee screenings and background checks, employee sentation, and illustrations) of advertisements
recruitment, new employee training, immigration compliance if that is needed for your printed and also assume responsibility for any
firm, and more. claims arising therefrom made against the
Walsh also mentions too how some companies are turning to software-based publisher. The publisher reserves the right to
solutions for tasks such as payroll, keeping track of job applicants, and record keeping reject any advertising that is believes is not in
and reporting. keeping with the publication’s standards or is
deemed unsuitable or misleading.
Columnist Gary Shawver, MGWC, discusses mentorship in the
latest installment of Drawing from the Well. In “No Man Is an Subscriptions/Back Issues
Island” on page 34, he writes he has learned solving problems For questions, changes or problems with your
is often best accomplished by getting advice from people who’ve subscription call Denise Bierkortte. Subscriptions:
Water well contractors and other qualified
already had those experiences—mentors. groundwater industry personnel in U.S. and
He said he reached out and learned a lot from mentors early in Canada — free; others in U.S. and Canada
his career, and adds it is important to give back and be a mentor to — $115 per year; $15 per copy. International:
people coming into the industry now. Shawver admits he used to not $150 per year; $35 per copy. Subscriptions
Gary Shawver,
want to share tips or techniques, but realized doing so is critical to available through NGWA offices only. We reserve
MGWC the right to refuse subscriptions to anyone not
the success of the groundwater industry.
directly engaged in the groundwater industry.
Claims for missing issues must be made in writing
within three months of publication and will be
subject to the availability of back issues.

8  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com


STEVE CHISHOLM, CPI
Co-Owner
CMC Supply Inc.
Roanoke, Virginia
THE BEST ADVICE
I EVER GOT?
There is no substitute for hard work and
perseverance. The more time you invest in
your career, the greater your success.
ON MY DESK RIGHT NOW?
A calendar that is too full, a clock that
moves too fast, too many file folders, and
a picture of all the grandchildren for some
relief.
MOST SATISFYING PART
OF YOUR JOB?
Being able to help my customers solve their
problems. I have many customers I consider
friends and business partners. Being a resource
they can count on makes me feel gratified.
GREATEST CHALLENGE
FACING SUPPLIERS OF
THE WATER WELL
INDUSTRY?
We must find a way to stand out among
the crowd through the service we provide
our customers. So, recruiting and training
the next generation of employees in this
information technology world is critical.
Our success is dictated by the trained
and motivated employees servicing our
customers.
10  July 2018 WWJ
WWJ CLOSEUP
WHAT ARE YOU
HEARING MOST FROM
YOUR CUSTOMERS?
Most of my customers are staying busy
and are all pleased with the direction
of the economy. However, it seems
everyone is facing shortages of skilled
labor and is trying to determine how
to attract young people to our industry.
HOW DOES YOUR CERTIFIED
PUMP INSTALLER (CPI)
DESIGNATION HELP YOU IN
TALKING WITH CUSTOMERS?
I am a strong believer in being educated about
the products we sell. That’s why I participated
when the National Ground Water Association
began the certification program. Knowledge is
power, and I’ve gained a lot of knowledge in my
45 years in this industry.
YOU RECEIVED THE
2017 SUPPLIER OF THE
YEAR AWARD FROM
NGWA. WHAT DOES IT
MEAN TO YOU?
This award means a great deal. The
water well industry has already rewarded
me in so many ways. As I think of the
great people in my profession, I feel truly
honored to receive this award. I hope
I’ve made a difference.
waterwelljournal.com
BETTER TOGETHER
Individually you can do a lot, but together we can accomplish so much more.
NGWA is 10,000+ groundwater professionals working together to advance
your groundwater industry. NGWA
The Groundwater
Association
®

Join today at NGWA.org/Join. BETTER TOGETHER

Industry NEWSLINE
NGWA Participates in U.S. EPA
National Leadership Summit
on PFAS
T he National Ground Water Associa-
tion had a seat at the table when the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
kicked off its summit discussing per-
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
with the nation’s governors on May 22.
NGWA was represented by its
government affairs director Lauren
Schapker and Seth Kellogg, a senior
geologist at Geosyntec and NGWA
Scientists and Engineers Board of
Directors member.
The EPA stated the goal of the
summit was to have participants work
together to:
• Share information on ongoing
efforts to characterize risks from
PFAS and develop monitoring
and treatment/cleanup techniques
• Identify specific near-term
Revised Lead and Copper Rule
Delayed Again
T he wait on a revised Lead and Copper
rule is going to last a little longer.
Revisions to the Lead and Copper
Rule (www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/lead-
and-copper-rule) were expected early
in 2019. However, the draft revision is
now expected in August 2019, which is
a delay of six months from the timetable
that was announced last fall.
The date of the final publication has
not changed; it is scheduled for February
2020.
This marks the third time the draft’s
publication has been delayed by the
Trump administration. The revisions
were also scheduled to be released in the
summer of 2017, January 2018, and
August 2018.
NGWA serves on the National
Drinking Water Advisory Council,
which has weighed in on possible revi-
sions throughout their development.
Because the revisions are unknown,
the impacts to groundwater industry
professionals are unclear. However, if
stricter limits on lead and copper con-
tent are contained in the revisions, com-
pliance costs could result in increased
12  July 2018 WWJ
actions, beyond those already
underway, that are needed to ad-
dress challenges currently facing
states and local communities
• Develop risk communication
strategies to address public
concerns regarding PFAS.
PFAS is a category of man-made
chemicals now viewed as emerging
contaminants that have been widely
used to make products stain-resistant,
waterproof, and nonstick. The chemi-
cals were also widely used in aqueous
costs for manufacturers who may need
to modify their products.
Lead is a naturally occurring metal
that does not alter the taste, odor, or
color of water. The presence of lead in
groundwater tends to be small and al-
most undetectable. A greater concern is
the presence of lead in galvanized steel
pipes, certain brass used in plumbing
fixtures or well components, and certain
solder used to connect pipes and joints.
Although the lead content allowed
in these plumbing and well components
has been greatly reduced—most recently
in 2014—it can still be a health risk for
well systems that predate federally man-
dated lead content reductions.
NGWA has an information brief on
lead (www.ngwa.org/Media-Center/
briefs/Documents/Lead-Presence-in-
Well-Systems.pdf), providing informa-
tion on sources and corrosion. It also
has information on lead for homeowners
with well systems on its website at
wellowner.org/lead.
Fatalities Remind Importance of
Overhead Power Line Safety
T wo employees of a drilling crew col-
lecting soil samples near Colorado
film-forming foams on military bases.
Following the summit, the EPA said
it will travel to states with communities
impacted by PFAS and that informa-
tion from the summit and community
engagement will help it develop a
PFAS Management Plan for release
later this year.
To listen to audio interviews with
Schapker and Kellogg, visit www.
ngwa.org/Media-Center/news/Pages/
NGWA-Participates-in-EPA-Summit-
on-PFAS.aspx.
Springs, Colorado, died recently when
their rig struck overhead power lines,
fatally electrocuting them.
The rig’s derrick hit a 12,500-volt
power line—killing the subcontractors,
both of whom were in their 20’s. A third
coworker who was far away from the rig
at the time was uninjured.
The tragedy is a sobering reminder
to “Look Up and Live”—a motto every
contractor should do every day at every
jobsite.
Related to the topic, NGWA Press
publishes Safety Meetings for the Ground-
water Industry, a set of 52 sheets designed
to aid weekly safety meetings. Among
the safety topics are two related to derrick
safety: electrical safety with drilling rigs
and safety when raising a derrick. Ground-
water contractors are encouraged to cover
these important topics with their col-
leagues on a regular basis—and especially
with any subcontractors they work with.
Safety Meetings for the Groundwater
Industry, and other items related to safety,
can be found in the NGWA Bookstore at
www.NGWA.org/Bookstore.
Two recent articles in Water Well
Journal focus on safety and electricity as
NEWS continues on page 14
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NEWS from page 12
well. “Safety Around Power Lines”
(waterwelljournal.com/safety-around-
power-lines) and “Working Safely
Around Electricity” (waterwelljournal.
com/working-safely-around-electricity)
can be viewed on Water Well Journal’s
website.
Fatalities from Work-Related
Falls Increase
R eleased data from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics shows work-related
falls from a higher to a lower level re-
sulting in fatalities increased from 2011
to 2016.
The number rose 26% with a total of
697 fall fatalities in 2016, a sharp increase
from 553 in 2011. Over the entire six-year
period, there were 3723 fatal falls to a
lower level.
The Bureau stated most falls occurred
in the private construction industry. In
fact, falls in private construction rose 45%
from 2011 to 2016 (from 255 to 370).
A recent article in Water Well Journal
focuses on preventing slips, trips, and falls
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14  July 2018 WWJ
(waterwelljournal.com/preventing-slips-
trips-falls) as well.
EPA Cancels Groundwater and
Pesticide Rule
T he U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency announced in the Federal
Register on May 7 it was withdrawing a
rule to restrict the sale of five pesticides
which had previously been labeled possi-
ble or probable carcinogens.
The most common fertilizer in the
group is atrazine, which has seen its use
decline in the last 10 years. The others
included are alachlor, cyanazine, meto-
lachlor, and simazine.
The EPA said it was withdrawing the
rule because, as stated in the Federal
Register, the “EPA determined that all
five of the chemicals identified in the
(state management plan) proposal met
the ‘no unreasonable adverse effects on
the environment’ standard” and “the rule
is unnecessary to prevent unreasonable
adverse effects on the environment.”
This ends a long process for the rule.
It was first proposed in 1999 and was de-
layed during the George W. Bush admin-
istration for further assessment.
Atrazine can be found in shallow
wells in regions of the country that have
several farms. Because of its potential
and the other four chemicals to impact
groundwater, the EPA had determined
the pesticides may contaminate the
environment if management was not
provided.
If the proposed rule had passed, la-
bels of the pesticides would have been
changed so their use was in accordance
with an EPA-approved state management
plan after a period of time allowed for
development of the plans. The proposed
rule also contained a revision to pesticide
labeling regulations.
Drought in Certain Regions of
Country Impacting Crops
R
eports showed wheat crops in the
southern and central Great Plains
were in poor condition after a dry winter
was followed by a cold spring.
The USDA World Agricultural Outlook
Board reported 50% of the Kansas wheat
waterwelljournal.com
crop was in poor to very poor conditions,
with some states in even worse shape.
Oklahoma wheat was reported at 68%
poor to very poor and Texas was at 60%.
Irrigated agriculture in the United
States pumps a daily average of 49½ bil-
lion gallons of groundwater, 65% of the
nation’s daily total of 76 billion gallons.
Bloomberg reported the unusual
weather in Kansas left wheat plants
shorter than normal for the time of year
with shallow roots. It added some farm-
ers were contemplating ripping out their
wheat crops and replacing them with
sorghum. Kansas is the biggest grower
of the grain variety used most often in
bread-making.
The U.S. Drought Monitor said storms
in early May led to some improvements
throughout the country, including Kansas
and Texas, but also added the average
temperature would remain above normal
for most of the continental United States.
States according to the U.S. Drought
Monitor where some areas were suffering
exceptional drought—the most intense—
were Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New
Mexico, Texas, and Utah. All these states
as well as California showed areas with
extreme drought.
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
Such prolonged droughts are signif-
icant because meeting food production
demand in the 21st century, including vital
crops like wheat, depends on groundwater.
NGWA promotes sustaining ground-
water resources to meet agricultural needs
requires wise use, pumping efficiency,
locally adapted management, resource
monitoring, and managed recharge of
groundwater storage to assure future sup-
plies. It has a five-step plan to save energy
costs for farmers and irrigators. Find out
more on NGWA’s website.
Salary Survey Pinpoints Value
of Certifications for Safety and
Health Professionals
T he Board of Certified Safety Profes-
sionals and the American Society of
Safety Engineers conducted a 33-ques-
tion salary survey in March of nearly
10,000 safety, health, and environmental
professionals based primarily in the
United States and Canada, identifying
the typical salary, benefits, credentials,
and experience of these individuals.
The median base salary for full-time
professionals was $97,000, with 22% of
respondents earning $125,000 or more.
Those with at least one corresponding
certification (ASP, CDGP, CET, CHMM,
CHMP, CHST, CIH, CSP, OHST, SMS,
STSC, STS) typically earned $20,000
more per year than those with none. The
Certified Safety Professional (CSP) des-
ignation added $30,000 to the salary of a
practitioner with no other credentials.
“The value of safety, health, and envi-
ronmental certifications continues to grow,
with many laws and standards specifically
citing them,” says BCSP CEO Treasa M.
Turnbeaugh. “Many companies include
certifications in their job requirements,
and contracts for safety services also
call for them. Earning certifications that
support your specialty and heighten your
expertise is the smart thing to do.”
Three in four professionals had at least
one of eight BCSP certifications, most
commonly a CSP (46%). No less than
86% of respondents had at least one certi-
fication from any credentialing organiza-
tion, and 26% had multiple certifications.
“The salary survey validates the earn-
ing power of safety and health profession-
als, demonstrating the value of adding
NEWS continues on page 16
WWJ July 2018  15
NEWS from page 15
credentials and gaining experience,” says
ASSE President Jim Smith. “It should en-
courage people within the industry to seek
accredited education programs and pro-
fessional certifications to maximize their
earning potential in such a dynamic field.”
The survey showed formal education
also correlates positively with salary levels
as those with a doctoral degree typically
earned $16,000 more annually than those
with a bachelor’s degree, and $20,000
more than those with an associate degree.
For more information on the salary
survey, download the full report (www.
bcsp.org/Portals/0/Assets/PDF/Safety-
Salary-Survey-2018.pdf) or access the
interactive salary calculator at www.
bcsp.org/SH-E-Practice/Salary-Survey.
Group to Challenge State
Decision to Allow Increased
Groundwater Withdrawals
A n April decision by the Michigan
Department of Environmental Qual-
ity to allow Nestle Waters North America
to increase its water collection in Osceola
County, Michigan, will be challenged by
a conservation group.
Michigan Citizens for Water Conserva-
tion has said it will contest the new permit
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before a state administrative law judge. It
filed a petition to do so on May 31.
The Michigan Department of Envi-
ronmental Quality issued a permit on
April 2 allowing Nestle to increase the
withdrawal rate on a wellhead to 400
gallons per minute. The permit was filed
by Nestle in 2016, citing a need to help
meet consumer demand.
The MCWC group, which sued Nestle
in 2000 and settled the case in 2009, says
the 400 gallons per minute rate is not
sustainable. Its contesting of the permit
before a judge could be a precursor to a
formal lawsuit.
In the meantime, before it can in-
crease its withdrawals, Nestle must
provide monitoring plans to the MDEQ
showing the area will be protected. In-
cluded in the area are local wetlands and
two trout streams fed by the aquifer used
by Nestle.
“We have received a copy of the
MDEQ’s permit decision authorizing our
requested withdrawal,” Nestle wrote in
a statement published on April 2. “We
will need time to carefully review the
specifics but will comply with all permit
requirements. We appreciate the MDEQ’s
careful review and consideration of our
application, in what it has called its most
thorough review ever, and we look for-
• ASR (Aquifer Storage
and Recovery)
• HVAC
• Municipal
• Agricultural
• Industrial
ward to providing them with the monitor-
ing plans as required.”
Nestle has bottling plants through-
out the country. In fact, it manages 47
spring sources and conserves nearly
21,000 acres of natural watershed area.
Earlier this year, it announced all five of
its bottling factories in California have
been certified by the Alliance for Water
Stewardship.
The AWS is a comprehensive global
standard for measuring responsible water
stewardship, not just in terms of environ-
mental criteria, but social and economic
as well. Part of the certification process
looks at factors within the groundwater
basins where facilities are located, such
as water quality, availability of existing
water sources, and the health of water re-
lated areas such as marshes in the region.
Nestle’s facility in Cabazon, Califor-
nia, earned the AWS Gold certification,
the first facility in North America to do
so.
Nestle also recently announced its
water plant in Sacramento, California, is
now powered entirely by clean energy, a
move that will reduce its carbon footprint
by more than 21,279 metric tons of car-
bon dioxide over the next three years.
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The LOG
NGWA Files Comments on EPA’s
Groundwater/Surface Water
Interaction Request
NGWA responded on May 21 to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency’s request for comment on the “Clean Water
Act Coverage of ‘Discharges of Pollutants’ via a Direct
Hydrologic Connection to Surface Water.”
The request for comment asked for feedback on the EPA’s
previous statements on the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES), following multiple court cases
with differing opinions.
Nearly 60,000 comments at press time had been submitted
to the EPA on this issue, demonstrating the need for the
EPA to provide clarity. NGWA’s comments centered on the
importance of groundwater protection and the role states
play in regulating groundwater quality. Because of the vari-
ability across the states in the use and value of groundwater
resources, states are best equipped to regulate groundwater
quality—empowering those with expertise in local environ-
mental conditions.
In addition, NGWA pointed out no definition of “direct
hydrologic connection” exists in previous EPA statements on
the issue or in the Clean Water Act, and provided a definition
for its consideration.
Rather than asking for a rulemaking or revision of all previous
statements, NGWA asked the EPA to issue clarifying memoranda.
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18  July 2018 WWJ
NGWA worked with a group of volunteers to prepare the com-
ments, which can be read in their entirety at www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0063-0448.
NGWA Foundation Merges with
Groundwater Foundation
The NGWA Foundation for Groundwater and the Ground-
water Foundation announced the organizations have merged,
establishing the foremost Foundation dedicated to protecting
groundwater and enhancing professional practices in the
industry. Under the agreement, the combined entity will
carry the Groundwater Foundation name and will leverage
administrative and operational support from NGWA.
The organizations believe this merger is important as it
creates a hub of information and charitable outreach for
groundwater professionals and the public alike. Folks in the
industry will have a strengthened resource for education, net-
working, and professional development. The public will have
access to the latest science, research, field work, scholarships,
breaking news, and comment from proven leaders in the
groundwater industry.
DUAL ROTARY
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waterwelljournal.com
 NGWA
The Groundwater
Association
®

“Since 1994, the NGWA Foundation has established nu-

merous programs to assist those working with, and those that
need, groundwater. This merger aligns our Foundation with
an organization that shares our passion, extends our combined
vision, and bolsters our grassroots efforts to educate, inspire
action, and to create a community of groundwater guardians
to protect this critical resource,” said Terry S. Morse, CIC,

Free
CEO of NGWA.
Jane Griffin, executive director of the Groundwater Founda-
tion, says the merger will provide a robust platform to effectively
deliver various community programs and initiatives.
“NGWA and the Groundwater Foundation have been part- Online, self-paced course covers the selection and operation
ners for several years and we have complementary strengths, of meters for safe and successful electrical troubleshooting
experiences, and industry knowledge,” Griffin says. “While the of water well pump systems in “Selection and Operation of
Groundwater Foundation has a national presence, our mission is Meters for Safe and Successful Electrical Troubleshooting
to boost groundwater awareness at the local level, and merging for Water Well Pump Systems.” This course should be able
with NGWA’s Foundation allows us to extend this mission, to be completed in 30 minutes and is made possible by a
address issues, and educate at every level.” grant from Franklin Electric. Learn more at
The Groundwater Foundation will remain in Lincoln, www.NGWA.org/Events-Education.
Nebraska, and staff will be retained. The group will be sup-
ported by NGWA. As Foundation executive director, Griffin
will report to Morse. NGWA staff and operations will remain
unchanged.
16
“One of our key messages to our diverse membership is
Certification exams administered by the National Ground
that we truly are ‘better together’ in our collective efforts
Water Association in April—6 passed the exam. Also
to advance the groundwater industry,” Morse says. “We’re
administered were 46 licensing exams—19 passed the exam.
excited to merge with a fantastic organization that allows us

3
to expand this message to its members, to individuals, and to
local communities alike.”

Water Quality and Treatment Industry

BSPs from NGWA Can Help with Well New certified individuals in April: Clark Coarsey of Bishop
Rehabilitation Well & Pump Service Inc. in Moultrie, Georgia, earned the
Certified Well Driller (CWD) designation; Cory Walker of
A variety of industry “best suggested practices” for
Hawkston LLC in Spring Hill, Tennessee, earned the CWD;
issues with water quality and treatment have been created by
William Dauksza of Barmore Pump and Electric Co. Inc. in
NGWA, including:
Congers, New York, earned the Certified Pump Installer (CPI).
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Arsenic in
Residential Water Well Systems
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Boron in
Residential Water Well Systems
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Fluoride in
167
Residential Water Well Systems
New members NGWA registered in April. The total con-
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Hydrogen
sisted of 71 scientists and engineers, 58 water well system
Sulfide in Residential Water Well Systems
professionals, 16 students, 11 manufacturers, 9 government
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Iron and
or academic professionals, 1 supplier, and 1 associate.
Manganese in Residential Water Well Systems
• Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Nitrates in
Residential Water Well Systems
NGWA’s BSPs are designed to aid groundwater profes-
sionals at industry jobsites. They are not standards, but are
7/11/18
Date of “Hard Hat Microbiology: Our Interactions with
practices that have been demonstrated to show superior
results. BSPs are prepared by a consensus of groundwater Microbes in Groundwater and Wells” webinar series, Part 3
professionals from around the country. of 3—”Prevention in Construction and Design, and Reme-
Download these BSPs for free as a member benefit at diation.” Learn more at www.NGWA.org/Events-Education.
www.NGWA.org/Bookstore. Nonmembers can purchase the The recordings of Parts 1 and 2 can be accessed at
BSPs. https://ngwa.confex.com/ngwa/archives.cgi.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  19

Now on WATER WELL JOURNAL.COM
Read full-length, web-only articles DIGITAL BUZZ
on WWJ’s website Here are some items that are generating
high levels of user engagement on Water
Well Journal’s website and on social media:
NGWA ®

FROM FACEBOOK
The Groundwater
Association

MEMBER
EXCLUSIVE Water Well Journal
Another delay for the Lead and Copper Rule
revision. Stay tuned: https://waterwelljournal.
com/revised-lead-and-copper-rule-delayed-again.
Water Well Journal
Via the Occupational Safety and Health Authority
and Agency, Implementing #Safety and Health
Program Protects Employees, Saves Money:
http://ow.ly/62pU30jNntd.
#PPE, #drilling, #groundwater, #water

You can learn about the issue theme of well rehabilitation on Water Well Journal’s ON TWITTER
website too. A pair of full-length articles by industry veterans are available for National
Ground Water Association members at WaterWellJornal.com. The articles focus on the Water Well Journal
importance of understanding the chemistry of well water when using chemicals #TipTuesday: It’s important your #safety meetings
and acids in rehabilitation procedures and responding to corrosive water. always discuss “look up and live” as this sad story
shows: https://waterwelljournal.com/fatalities-
www.WaterWellJournal.com/web-only remind-importance-of-overhead-power-line-
safety/.
 2 4
Industry veteran shares tips on well rehabilitation Water Well Journal
in video interview Are there reports of PFAS contamination near you?
Neil Mansuy, vice president of technical
services for Subsurface Technologies Inc.
NGWA ®

The Groundwater
Association
in Rock Tavern, New York, discussed all MEMBER
things well rehabilitation in the video EXCLUSIVE
interview titled “Catching Up.” Mansuy
has nearly 40 years of experience in well rehabilitation
and has volunteered on numerous NGWA committees.
He is also a regular workshop presenter at NGWA’s
Groundwater Week.
www.WaterWellJournal.com/web-only
@ngwatweets set to participate in EPA conference
on PFAS with nation’s governors.
 2 5
ON THE SITE
WWJ NEWS
Salary Survey Pinpoints Value of Certifications
for Safety and Health Professionals
The median base salary for full-time professionals
was $97,000, with 22% of respondents earning
$125,000 or more.

NGWA ®
Fatalities from Work-Related Falls Increase
Recently released data from the Bureau of Labor
The Groundwater
Association
Join NGWA Log in Statistics shows work-related falls to a lower level
resulting in fatalities increased from 2011 to 2016.
Drought in Certain Regions of Country
Make sure you’re a member of the National Ground Water Association. Impacting Crops
It’s not just great content from WWJ; there are a host of benefits important to Reports show wheat crops in the southern and
you and your business. Go to www.NGWA.org today to check them all out! central Great Plains are in poor condition after a
dry winter was followed by a cold spring.

www.WaterWellJournal.com facebook.com/WaterWellJournal twitter.com/waterwelljournl

20  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

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Star Iron Works
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Well Forensics
Difficult well problems may require a more detailed approach of investigation.
By Roger Miller
F
orensic science is considered a careful and detailed
search and examination beyond what is considered
common or normal.
And while all well assessment activities are investigative in
nature, periodically we encounter an issue not easily identified
through common assessment practices and requiring a more
detailed process. A review of the more common problems in
a well and how they are evaluated will emphasize how the
more difficult problems require the detailed efforts of well
forensics.
Common Well Problems
Well fouling can cover a multitude of problems involving
any change that impacts operation or water quality. The most
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
(COVER STORY)
Solid material sediment analysis leading
to well development procedures.
common problems encountered in groundwater wells are scale
accumulation, biomass buildup, sediment infiltration, corrosion,
and coliform occurrences.
In the assessment of common types of potential mineral
deposits, water sample analysis can identify chemical concen-
trations that can point to precipitation. These carbonate, sulfate,
and oxide scales can easily foul the well, blocking flow and
reducing capacity.
Additionally, the oxidation potential of the system water
can identify the potential for system corrosion along with the
buildup of metal oxides into the scale mass. This information
is beneficial not only for structuring a rehabilitation process
for the effective removal of these deposits, but can potentially
WELL FORENSICS continues on page 24
WWJ July 2018  23
Carbon-base material built up on well screen.
WELL FORENSICS from page 23
identify the source of corrosion that may allow for some
change to prevent corrosion damage to the system.
Biomass, referring to the accumulation of biofilm in a well,
can cause quality declines, capacity losses, corrosion damage,
and of course, unsafe water conditions. Not only the bacteria
themselves, but the exopolymer slime they secrete, can cause
quality issues along with capacity losses as the biofilm mass
can block flow in conjunction with dislodging into the flowing
water and provide organic masses creating taste and odor issues.
Specific bacteria, identifiable through laboratory analysis,
can be the cause of microbial influenced corrosion, and the
bacterial load of the sample analyzed can evaluate the severity
of the biofilm buildup, guiding the selection of the proper
resolution process.
Formation materials can block flow if not effectively
developed during well construction or if the well is operated
improperly, creating turbulent flow and mobilizing them into
the well, plugging flow paths. Microscopic analysis of system
water can identify common formation materials such as sands,
silts, and clays.
Formation clays can also be separated from processed
clays (drilling muds) under the microscope to determine if
ineffective development is the potential problem or if the natural
clays from the formation are potentially being mobilized into
the well by improper operation.
Water well corrosion can come from a multitude of
sources. Water chemistry is the first step in an evaluation
process, generally looking at the calculation of the Langelier
Saturation Index developed through a series of water chemistry
parameters.
The results of the LSI will indicate if the water itself is
corrosive. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey reported the
corrosion potential of U.S. groundwater sources was higher
than expected, with most of the country having moderately
aggressive groundwater.
One of the most common types of corrosion in groundwater
supplies is “concentration cell”—also referred to as “under
deposit” corrosion. The typical electrochemical corrosion
24  July 2018 WWJ
Oily type materials taken from well components.
cell is established under deposited material, such as scale or
biofilm buildup, on the metal surfaces. This type of corrosion
is the leading cause of well component degradation within the
groundwater industry.
Additionally, microbial influenced corrosion is common as
many types of bacteria in groundwater either produce acids or
enzymes that will pit metal or they are natural iron-oxidizing
species that oxidize and degrade iron in their metabolic process.
The bacterial issue in groundwater of greatest concern, and
one which is controlled by regulatory rules, is the presence of
pathogens, predominantly the coliform group.
Although many members of the coliform group are not
pathogens, the presence of any member raises the potential.
Therefore, the regulations require periodic testing and required
actions if various levels are found.
Most of the coliform group are anaerobic bacteria and
through monitoring the anaerobic activity within the well, we
can predict the increased potential of a positive total coliform
test result. This information can guide us in problem identifi-
cation and resolution even prior to required reaction of regula-
tory controls, avoiding emergency conditions.
Difficult Well Problems
As stated earlier, all well assessment activities are investiga-
tive in nature and the investigator operates at various levels of
detail in the process of problem identification and resolution.
The investigation is often dependent on the customer,
the role the well plays, and the level of failure or impaction
occurring. For example, a single well supplying a home will
require a simplified and faster response to return service,
while a well that is part of a larger wellfield may offer time
for a more academic approach.
The following projects are examples where the common
assessment steps have been taken without satisfactory reso-
lution to the particular problem. Therefore, the investigator
has gone beyond, and in some cases considerably beyond, the
normal steps in order to identify the source of the problem
and effectively develop a resolution to the particular issue.
The following examples of well forensics will involve a
well construction-related issue, water quality issues, deposited
waterwelljournal.com

An emulsified oily substance deposited on well casing and screen.
materials not responding to conventional treatments, and
operational issues within the water chemistry realm.
Case Study I
In the northern United States, a dual-rotary drilled well was
not responding to standard well development procedures using
both physical and chemical processes.
A sample of what was presumed to be plugging the
screened interval of the well was secured and sent to our lab-
oratory. The material was noted to be a “mud-like substance”
and when observed under the microscope, was predominantly
clay particulate.
As clays can be from either processed drilling muds or
natural-formation materials and react differently to various
chemical reactions, further assessments were performed to
make this determination.
Closer observation under the microscope showed the particles
to be of random structure with sharp defined edges. This
pointed to the source being natural-formation clays as
processed drilling muds are more uniform and rounded.
Additionally, a settling study was performed as the pro-
cessed clays will settle slower than natural-formation clays.
This test again pointed toward the source being formation
material.
Based on this determination and the knowledge that normal
well development chemistry (phosphates) provides the reaction
of sequestration, the formation of a more water-soluble
complex, it was apparent the phosphates were not effectively
sequestering the natural-formation clays.
From these factors, the investigator looked into the uncom-
mon chemical reaction for well development of dispersion
chemistry. The dispersion chemical reaction actually inter-
feres with the positively charged particles, destabilizing the
clay structures and breaking up the bonding, allowing them to
be washed from the well.
In order to confirm this process and formulate the proper
dosage, a bench test study was performed using multiple
chemical combinations. From this study a final dispersion
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
chemistry was selected to match specific mechanical efforts
and sent to the field for application. The final results of these
forensic efforts were an effective removal of the formation
clays and an acceptable production capacity for the well.
Case Study II
A finding of an oily film and black deposits forming in the
well was reported to our laboratory.
Samples were requested and received of both the deposited
material and water from the well. Laboratory analysis identified
the oily material to be a form of coal tar. Coal tar is a compli-
cated hydrocarbon derived from the thermal destruction of coal
with hundreds of potential chemical structures.
One of the more common coal tar structures is creosote,
used as a sealer in road construction, and to a lesser known
structure with analgesic properties used in acetaminophen or
Tylenol.
The end result of this assessment was we were dealing
with a complicated hydrocarbon and would need an effective
degreaser chemical to remove it from the well. Further com-
plicating these efforts, most effective degreasers for this type
of hydrocarbon material are petroleum distillates with strong
butyl or alkali components, which are toxic and not acceptable
for potable water use.
However, previous work had been performed in our labo-
ratory on similar material from the oil industry with success,
using a citrus-based chemical known as D’Limonene. This
chemical is nontoxic, biodegradable, and currently carries
NSF certification for several formulas.
After identifying the most appropriate D’Limonene formula
for the water chemistry of the particular aquifer, the product
was recommended for rehabilitating the well using standard
chemical procedures. The project resulted in an effective
cleanup of the well with no signs of oil film or deposits.
Note: The actual source of the coal tar material was never
identified by the client.
Case Study III
Although this case was not directly related to the source
water well, it is an excellent reference to the delicacies of
water chemistry and deposit formation that can adversely
affect well operation.
Heavy scale formation was reported within the piping and
storage system adjacent to a client’s water treatment plant
facility. A site visit was performed and samples of the scale
material were secured and taken to our lab for analysis.
Laboratory results indicated the material to be 99% calcium
carbonate, a common water mineral precipitate.
From the review of operations during the site visit, there
was noted an intermittent discoloration in the finished water,
and a consultant had recommended an adjustment of the
finished water pH value to a maximum of 9.0 to alleviate the
corrosion potential.
Further evaluating the information provided, we noted the
majority of the piping system was constructed of PVC mate-
rial and only a few valves were of metal components. We also
observed 30% of the raw well water bypassed the treatment
WELL FORENSICS continues on page 26
WWJ July 2018  25
WELL FORENSICS from page 25
plant and went directly into the distribu-
tion system.
From this information we analyzed
the raw well water and found moderate
levels of iron. Based on the operational
information and the seasonal relation-
ship to the water color issues, we con-
cluded the iron in the raw bypass water
was oxidizing and settling out in low
areas of the distribution piping during
low-usage periods and being mobilized
during high-usage periods, creating the
intermittent colored water issues.
Therefore, without the corrosion
potential to consider, we calculated
the LSI and established the proper pH
value for a balanced water. The consul-
tants recommended pH adjustment was
driving the development of carbonate
scale within the system. Based on our
evaluations, we recommended the scale
be cleaned from the piping and storage
system and the plant operator establish
a finished water pH value of 8.0–8.2,
significantly reducing the potential for
calcium carbonate deposition.
This case study shows how delicate
water chemistry can be. Only a slight
change in one parameter without consid-
ering all the other parameters that may
come into play can be detrimental to the
overall operation of the water system.
Case Study IV
Our laboratory was contacted re-
garding a black particulate appearing
26  July 2018 WWJ
in the rinse water within a food pro-
cessing plant in Texas. The water source
was a 3000-foot-deep well with multiple
screened intervals.
From submitted information, a pre-
vious lab had identified the particulate
as containing 85% iron. However, in our
analysis of the water we did not find
high concentrations of iron and there-
fore pursued other potential sources.
From our research into the geology
of the area in which the well was lo-
cated, we observed stringers of coal
throughout the subsurface. In our liter-
ature search into carbon compounds we
The more difficult
issues require a more
detailed search and
examination—
well forensics.
found lignite, a form of soft coal,
exhibited ion exchange with calcium.
Additionally, the exchange is facilitated
by chloride solutions, and soft coals
such as lignite generally exhibited high
total organic carbon levels in water
environments.
Correlating this information with our
water analysis, we found no calcium in
the sample. However, we found high
levels of sodium and chlorides and the
total organic carbon levels well above
what would be considered normal for
groundwater. All of these factors pointed
us toward the material being carbon-
based and most likely coal.
After a thorough system inspection
of the processing plant and collection
of the black material in bag filters
throughout the facility, we received a
large enough sample to perform a ma-
terial analysis. The results of those tests
showed a carbon concentration of 71%
by weight. This was exactly within the
carbon content range of lignite for the
region.
With knowing the local geology
contained some coal formations and the
black precipitate in the rinse water con-
tained carbon levels common to lignite
coal, we requested all the geological
logs and construction data associated
with the well. From our review of this
information, we noted that in the state
licensing report showing the formation
materials and screen interval locations, a
well screen had been constructed 72 feet
into a lignite formation.
As the resolution to this problem,
we had the well cleaned and disinfected
as our analysis did indicate a heavy
biofilm buildup. Additionally, we had
the well redeveloped to remove the re-
sidual lignite particulate that may still
be present in the formation and gravel
pack. Finally, we had the subject screen
interval sealed off with the installation
of a packer.
Operation of this well for the past
two years has resulted in no black par-
ticulate noted by the client.
Most well problems can be some-
what easily assessed and resolved using
common testing and evaluation prac-
tices. However, the more difficult issues
require a more detailed search and
examination—well forensics. WWJ
Roger Miller is a senior
consultant at Water Systems
Engineering, specializing in water
chemistry. He has worked over
the past 40 years in research
and development, analytical
procedures, site assessment, and
project oversight in the groundwater and water
treatment industries. He can be reached at
rdmiller@h2osystems.com.
waterwelljournal.com
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 A video camera operator from Madera Pumps Inc. in Madera,
California, prepares the downhole video camera for an inspection
of an industrial well in the Central Valley of California.
Maximizing Your ROI
Downhole cameras can be a great tool for any company.
But make sure you know these five factors before lowering one in a well.
By William Wagner
T
he technology involving downhole cameras has evolved
dramatically over the past several decades.
Just consider:
“We built the world’s first downhole camera over 70 years
ago,” says Eric Hadden, vice president of sales and marketing
at Laval Underground Surveys in Fresno, California. “It was a
still camera that was put into the casing of a World War II–era
bomb. It weighed over 200 pounds and was about 9 feet long.
So miniaturization certainly has come a long way.”
That’s putting it mildly. Some models now measure about
1.5 inches in diameter and 16 inches in length.
The prices of downhole cameras also have come down con-
siderably, especially over the past 10 years. Hadden says Laval
Underground Surveys manufactures a model that costs about
$14,000, which is small potatoes compared with what you
would have forked over in the past.
“Ten years ago, you were looking at a system (that was
operated) from a vehicle or a trailer,” Hadden says. “And the
camera itself was in excess of $25,000. The winch was another
$10,000, and the cable was maybe $5000 or $7000. All told,
you were looking at a system that could easily cost $100,000.”
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
Although downhole cameras are cheaper than they used
to be, more simple to use, and portable enough for a driller
or pump installer to own and operate himself, Christopher S.
Johnson, PG, Chg, of Aegis Groundwater Consulting LLC in
Fresno, California, isn’t averse to farming out the work.
Says Johnson, “I recommend that you find local contractors
who specialize in downhole video cameras.”
Whether you do it yourself or hire someone, you’ll want to
make the most of that camera’s long journey down a well and
back. Here are five key factors to consider when using a down-
hole camera, and why this high-tech tool can be such an import-
ant part of your work:
1. The camera doesn’t lie.
There’s no substitute for the intel you’ll gather from a camera,
whether you’re drilling a well or doing maintenance on one.
“Don’t pass up an opportunity to run a camera down the
well,” Johnson urges. “It provides an objective process for
establishing a wide variety of things. Wells are 12 to 20 inches
MAXIMIZE ROI WITH CAMERAS continues on page 30
WWJ July 2018  29
Downhole video camera view of a vertically slotted well showing the
vertical slot pattern in sharp relief as a result of residual drilling fluid.
Downhole video camera view of a cable tool, Miles knife-perforated
well with clearly visible bacterial growth within the perforations of the
well. Top photo and photo above courtesy Christopher S. Johnson, PG,
Chg, Aegis Groundwater Consulting LLC in Fresno, California.
MAXIMIZE ROI WITH CAMERAS from page 29
in diameter and can be 2000 feet deep. We want to try to avoid
the voodoo factor, and cameras provide us with an objective
technology.”
Sometimes, however, it’s difficult to convey that notion to
contractors who have spent a lifetime in the business.
“I always like to emphasize that unless you have a down-
hole camera and you can verify with a visual, everything else
is purely speculative,” Hadden says.
“That ruffles some feathers because there’s a tendency in
this industry to believe that experience is enough. If you’ve
been in the industry for 25 or 40 years, you believe you’ve
seen everything under the sun. You think that you’ll be able
to look at a little anecdotal piece of evidence and be able to
make a determination of what is happening. My point is that a
camera is the only way to get a bona fide, hard look at what’s
going on.”
30  July 2018 WWJ
Downhole video camera view of loose wire in a well. Photo courtesy
Eric Hadden, Laval Underground Surveys in Fresno, California.
2. View the images as if you’re a
doctor.
It’s not enough simply to be in possession of the images
delivered by a downhole camera. The trick is to read them
correctly.
“The real challenge is interpreting what you see,” Johnson
says. “You’ll often see medical programs where a radiology
technologist sees something on an X-ray and raises an eyebrow.
There’s a certain amount of the same science that goes into
understanding what you’re looking at (in video footage of wells).”
3. Don’t hesitate to ask for a second
opinion.
Building on the doctor analogy, it’s always smart to seek
feedback from another expert on your video footage.
“Second opinions are worth the money,” says Johnson.
“The vast majority of video work is done because something
is amiss. Somebody has said, ‘Hey, the well’s pumping sand’
or ‘The water tastes funny’ or ‘The production is off.’
“A second opinion almost always is done as a forensic
exercise in an attempt to evaluate what the issue is. You might
not necessarily have the experience to see something. It’s
worth the effort to call someone who has more experience
than you do to look at the video.”
4. Have a plan.
Would you start working on a water well system without
a plan? Or begin a maintenance procedure without a plan?
Heck, no. The same goes with downhole cameras. In other
words, avoid placing your camera into the hole until you’ve
figured out exactly what you want to do with it.
“Don’t just lower a camera to the bottom of the well and
bring it back out,” Johnson says. “Always have a game plan.
“We use the term indexing. By that I mean we go down to a
number of specific points in the well and let the camera stop,
or hover. It sits there, and we can watch water flow past the
camera. Then we index that location. Say three years down
the road, we can check that location and look at the differ-
waterwelljournal.com

DACUM Codes
To help meet your professional needs, this article covers skills and
competencies found in DACUM charts for drillers, pump installers,
and geothermal contractors. DO refers to the drilling chart and PI rep-
resents the pumps chart. The letter and number immediately following
is the skill on the chart covered by the article. This article covers:
DOF-4, DOH-2, DOI-1, DOL-11, PIC-3
More information on DACUM and the charts are available at
www.NGWA.org/Certification and click on “Exam information.”
ences between then and today.”
And by formulating a plan for your camera positions,
you’ll be better able to approach the work on the well itself in
a more structured manner.
“Here in California, we’ve been going through a multiyear
drought, so well rehabilitation has become very popular,” says
Hadden. “The reason for this is that drilling a new well is be-
coming incredibly cost prohibitive. It’s easier to rehab a well.
“We’re finding that a lot of operators are buying down-
hole cameras specifically for well rehabilitation. You put the
camera down a hole that probably hasn’t been used in five to
ten to thirty years, and you use that tool to get a view of what
exactly the condition is of the well.
“That data really helps you structure your plan of action.
Then you can go ahead and conduct your work.
“What we as camera manufacturers are always advocating
for is taking that camera and dropping it back into the well after
A sign of Pride and
Professionalism
ABILITY
EXPERIENCE
KNOWLEDGE
CERTIFIED
national ground water association
Get started today at
NGWA.org/Certification. NGWA
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
you’re done in order to confirm that you have performed the
work to expectations. It gives (the customer) a physical deliver-
able. They can view that footage and understand exactly what
you did and how it will contribute to the well’s performance.”
5. Remember that you get what you
pay for.
This is as true with drilling and maintaining water wells as
it is with anything else in life.
“Our industry is very price sensitive,” Hadden says. “I speak
to a lot of customers who say, ‘I can’t possibly afford a camera
because I need to make sure I’m the lowest-cost provider.’
“My response is, ‘If that’s true—if this really is an eco-
nomic race to the bottom and based on who can charge the
least amount of money to do the work—then we all need to
go find something else to do. That’s a completely disadvanta-
geous position to be in.
“The reality is, we’re really advocating for differentiation
based on services provided, and a camera is a great way to
differentiate yourself. If you’re able to show the customer
exactly what you did, then when it comes time to pay the
invoice, they are able to justify the cost. You’ve given them
peace of mind.” WWJ
William Wagner is an award-wining writer, editor, and project
manager for Wagner Communications. He has written for magazines,
newspapers, books, and websites. He lives in the Chicago area, and
can be reached at william.wagner7@gmail.com.
NGWA certification:
• Gives you a competitive edge
• Shows your dedication to the industry
• Provides local, state, and national
recognition
• Keeps you up to date with continuing
education
• Promotes confidence to the consumers
in your market.
®
The Groundwater
Association
WWJ July 2018  31

EYE SAFETY ON THE JOB
Having an eye and face protection program prevents injuries.
ALEXANDRA WALSH
E
ach year, thousands of people are blinded from work-
related eye injuries.
Each day alone, about 2000 U.S. workers sustain a
job-related eye injury requiring medical treatment. About one-
third of the injuries are serious enough to be treated in hospi-
tal emergency rooms. More than 100 of these injuries result in
one or more days away from work.
Eye injuries cost more than $300 million per year in lost
production time, medical expenses, and worker compensation.
Many could have been prevented with the proper selection
and use of eye and face protection.
Standards
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration re-
quires employers to ensure the safety of all employees in the
work environment. It follows that eye and face protection must
be provided whenever necessary to protect workers against
chemical, environmental, radiological, or mechanical irritants
and hazards.
Eye injuries cost more than
$300 million per year in lost
production time, medical expenses,
and worker compensation.
The corresponding OSHA standard for eye and face pro-
tection is 29 CFR 1910.133. This standard requires employers
ensure each affected employee uses appropriate eye or face
protection when exposed to hazards to their eyes or face from
flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic
liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or injurious light radiation.
How Eyes Get Hurt
The majority of eye injuries result from small particles
or objects striking or scraping the eye—dust, cement chips,
metal slivers, wood chips. These are often ejected by tools,
blown by the wind, or fall onto a worker. Larger objects may
also strike the eye or face, or a worker may run into an object
causing blunt-force trauma to their eyeball or eye socket.
Objects like nails, staples, or slivers of wood or metal can
puncture the eyeball and result in a permanent loss of vision.
32  July 2018 WWJ
SAFETY MATTERS
Industrial chemicals and cleaning products are common
causes of chemical burns to a person’s eyes. Thermal burns
to the eye can also occur—often among welders. These burns
routinely damage workers’ eyes and surrounding tissue.
Preventing Eye Injuries
Eye protection must be worn when working at a water well
construction site!
The protection chosen depends on the nature and extent
of the hazard at the site, the circumstances of exposure, other
protective equipment being used, and personal vision needs.
Eye protection should be fitted to an individual or adjustable
to provide appropriate coverage. It should be comfortable and
allow for good peripheral vision.
Employers can prevent eye injuries to workers by seeing to
it controls are in place and are used to reduce eye injuries and
protect against exposures to eye infections. Employers can
also conduct a hazard assessment to determine the appropriate
type of protective eyewear suitable for a given task.
Selecting Personal Protective
Equipment
OSHA’s eye and face protection standard requires that
employers must provide eye protection whenever employees
are exposed to the possibility of eye injuries while working,
especially if current work practices or controls don’t eliminate
the risk of injury.
Eye and face personal protective equipment includes spec-
tacles, goggles, face shields, or welding shields designed to
protect the wearer against a variety of hazards.
Personal protective equipment for the eyes and face is
designed to prevent or lessen the severity of injuries. The em-
ployer must assess the workplace ahead of time and determine
if hazards are present—making it necessary to use eye and
face protection.
A hazard assessment can determine the risk of exposure to
eye and face hazards, including those that may be encountered
in an emergency. Employers should be aware of the possibil-
ity of many hazard exposures happening at the same time and
be prepared to protect against the highest level of each hazard
(29 CFR 1910 Subpart I App B).
Training for Use of PPE
Training must be provided to employees who are required
to use eye and face protection. The training must be compre-
hensive, understandable, and repeated annually. All training
waterwelljournal.com
 Get Safety Products in NGWA Bookstore
An assortment of products from NGWA are available for
you to consider so you can stay safe at the jobsite. They
include a set of sheets with details so you can conduct
weekly safety meetings and a CD that provides a complete
safety program manual for firms working in the groundwater
industry.
To learn more, visit the NGWA Bookstore at www.
NGWA.org/Bookstore.
should be conducted by a knowledgeable designated person
and presented in a way employees can easily understand.
Each employee needs to demonstrate an understanding
of the specific training presented and the ability to use PPE
properly before being allowed to perform work requiring use
of PPE.
At a minimum, the training should include:
• Why eye and face protection is necessary and how
improper fit, use, or maintenance can compromise its
protective effect
• Capabilities and limitations of eye and face protection
• Effective use of PPE in emergency situations
• How to inspect, put on, and remove protective equipment
• Medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent
effective use
• Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of PPE
• General requirements of OSHA’s eye and face protection
standard covered in 29 CFR 1910.133.
Employers must verify that each employee has received and
understood the required training by issuing a written certificate
containing the name of each employee trained, the dates of
training, and the subject area or areas the training covered.
If and when the employer has reason to believe any em-
ployee who has already been trained isn’t demonstrating or
understanding the skill required, the employer must retrain that
employee. For example, inadequate knowledge or use of PPE
would indicate the employee has not retained the requisite
understanding or skill. Retain or retrain!
Other circumstances where retraining is required include
when changes in the workplace would render previous training
obsolete or when changes in the types of PPE to be used would
also render previous training obsolete.
Written Protection
OSHA requires a number of written elements for all PPE
protection programs. As a result, employers must have a writ-
ten eye and face protection program with worksite-specific
procedures and elements for required eye and face protective
equipment use. The program includes procedures for selecting,
medically evaluating, fit testing, training, using, and taking care
of eye and face protection.
Handling Emergencies
If an injury to the eye occurs, quick action can prevent a
permanent disability. For this reason, emergency eyewashes
should be placed in all hazardous areas. First aid instructions
should be posted close to potential danger spots. Employees
must know where the closest eyewash station is, and how to get
there if and when their vision is restricted.
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
DACUM Codes
To help meet your professional needs, this column covers skills and
competencies found in DACUM charts for drillers, pump installers, and
geothermal contractors. DO refers to the drilling chart, PI refers to the
pumps chart, and GO represents the geothermal chart. The letter and
number immediately following is the skill on the chart covered by the
column. This column covers:
DOD-1, 8; DOK-8, 9; DOL-1, 2; PIB-2; PIG-3; GOD-1, 10;
GOI-8, 9; GOJ-1, 2
More information on DACUM and the charts are available at
www.NGWA.org/Certification and click on “Exam Information.”
Eye Safety Checklist
 Create a safe work environment
• Minimize hazards from falling or unstable debris.
• Make sure tools work and safety features (machine
guards) are in place.
• Make sure workers know how to use tools properly.
• Keep bystanders out of the hazard area.
 Evaluate safety hazards
• Identify the primary hazards at the site.
• Identify hazards posed by nearby workers, large
machinery, and falling/shifting debris.
 Wear the proper eye and face protection
• Select the appropriate ANSI Z87 eye protection for
the hazard.
• Make sure the eye protection is in good condition.
• Make sure the eye protection fits properly and will
stay in place.
 Use good work practices
• Brush, shake, or vacuum dust and debris from hard-
hats, hair, forehead, or the top of any eye protection
before removing the protection.
• Do not rub eyes with dirty hands or clothing.
• Clean eyewear regularly.
 Prepare for eye injuries and first aid needs
• Have an eyewash or sterile solution on hand.
Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)
A formally established eye and face protection program
certainly increases the chances of using personal protective
equipment correctly. And everyone should remember eye and
face protection will only protect when used correctly. WWJ
Alexandra Walsh is the vice president of Association Vision, a
Washington, D.C.–area communications company. She has extensive
experience in management positions with a range of organizations.
WWJ July 2018  33

NO MAN IS AN ISLAND
If the groundwater industry is going to survive,
we must be willing to help others.
GARY SHAWVER, MGWC
I
had a young water well contractor seek my advice on a
project he was undertaking he had little expertise in.
He needed to borrow a stabilizer from my former com-
pany and the general manager was kind enough to loan him
the tool. He then sought my input. He was going to fluid drill
a hole and didn’t quite have a large enough mud pump on his
rig to easily get the project done. I suggested he seek expertise
from a drilling fluids product company that could provide the
right fluid to drill the well successfully.
Early in my career I had faced the same dilemma and
sought such expertise. This young contractor did just that and
the project was a complete success.
Over the years I’ve learned that solving problems, be it
drilling or otherwise, is often best accomplished by getting
advice from people who’ve had those experiences. I call them
mentors.
I had many mentors in my time in business, and without
them it would have been difficult to get to the next level of
professionalism. Time and again, one mentor was able to lift
me up through their experiences and expertise and help me
solve problems I was facing at the time.
The ability to get started in a business today is difficult
and finding young people wanting to get started in any given
business is even more difficult. If the groundwater industry is
going to survive, we must be willing to help others who are
seeking help or having problems. This industry is loaded with
people with experience and great ideas that will make this
industry easier to navigate.
Finding Mentors
We take history in school not only to teach us about our
past, but in theory, help us learn what didn’t work and what
did work so we can get to the next level without having to
navigate those pitfalls. Often though, we don’t learn the hard
lessons of history without enduring those lessons ourselves.
That’s part of human nature.
As I went through the years in the industry and began find-
ing some new techniques that were either highly efficient or
solved a difficult problem, I often hesitated to share a particu-
lar technique in fear of helping a competitor.
But as time went on, it was easier to share as I looked back
and remembered the mentors who had shared with me and
helped my career. And yes, there are those who will appreci-
ate it and be a good competitor and there are those who won’t.
But as time goes along, gaining this perception of people is
also another experience one will learn.
34  July 2018 WWJ
DRAWING FROM THE WELL
So where does one find these mentors? By networking and
going to conventions, taking in seminars—in essence, pulling
yourself from the jobsite and putting yourself out there.
Early in my career, I listened to a lot of motivational
speakers on cassette tapes in my vehicle on my way to see a
customer. One of those speakers was Tony Robbins, a well-
known motivational speaker still giving talks today.
On one of his early tapes, Robbins made the statement he
wanted to become successful, so he decided he would start
going to all kinds of seminars given by successful people. He
stated some were not as good as others, but if he picked up
just one thing that helped him, it was worth his time.
Being a Mentor
One of my mentors, who was successful, used to lead a
lot of sessions at national water well conventions and state
shows. It wasn’t long, though, that I began seeing him less
and less. I asked him one day why he didn’t speak as often
and he told me, “The people who need to hear what I have
to say don’t come to the conventions. They think they know
everything and don’t think they can learn anything, so why
waste my time?”
I’ve learned that solving problems,
be it drilling or otherwise, is often best
accomplished by getting advice from
people who’ve had those experiences.
Frankly, his words are pretty true. But we must keep going.
Conventions, shows, and other professional development op-
portunities are where one finds mentors and tips to make their
journey through the industry successful.
Early on, I was too busy and we had lots of work and little
time to go to many conventions. Then the recession of the
1980s hit and I had all kinds of time. In fact, that is when I
first heard that speaker who later became one of my mentors.
He impacted me the first time I heard him—saying something
that really stuck and kept me focused my whole career.
He stated (and, remember this was in the early ’80s): “I did
a study on the efficiency of the water well drilling aspect of
our industry and found we spend 30% of our time drilling and
waterwelljournal.com

DACUM Codes
To help meet your professional needs, this column covers skills and
competencies found in DACUM charts for drillers, pump installers,
and geothermal contractors. DO refers to the drilling chart, PI re-
fers to the pumps chart, and GO represents the geothermal chart.
The letter and number immediately following is the skill on the
chart covered by the column. This column covers:
DOL-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12; PIG-2; GOJ-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12
More information on DACUM and the charts are available at
www.NGWA.org/Certification by clicking on “Exam Information.”
70% of our time doing everything else.”
He meant the other 70% was setting up, tripping, installing
casing, etc. As we get paid by the foot, we were spending
only 30% of our time generating income. He then asked,
“Just think if we could just increase that percentage by 10%?”
Wow! His statement made me always striving to figure out
how our crews could be more efficient on the jobsite. That
focus truly stayed with me my whole career.
I started making the time to go to as many conventions and
seminars as I could. I met many people over time I connected
with who I felt I could call when I needed a “hand.” Most were
more than willing to help and I am eternally grateful to them.
As I got further along in my career, I realized no matter
how long you’re in the water well industry, you don’t know
everything about it, and you certainly don’t know what
Mother Nature is going to dish up when you start “turning
to the right.” I coined a phrase later in my career I still use:
“When you think you know everything about Mother Nature,
she will humble you in a hurry!” And that she will.
It is important one finds the time for professional develop-
ment. Education is never free or cheap, but neither is losing a
hole or a string of tools down the hole. The more experiences
one has in life, the more whole a person is. Get those experi-
ences from others if you can, and find a shortcut on that learn-
ing curve early on.
I often wonder if someday there will be a “national bulletin
board” where people within the industry will post their areas
of expertise where they are willing to share ideas with those
in need. There are many areas people have gained expertise in
that would be of benefit to those needing help.
Lessons learned need to be shared with the next generation
of those who will carry on this great industry. Whether you
are the person who has that experience to share or whether
you are that person who needs to seek advice—be willing to
step out and get off your island. WWJ
Gary Shawver, MGWC, is president of Shawver Well Co. Inc. in
Fredericksburg, Iowa. He has been in the water well industry for 40
years and is a Master Groundwater Contractor. He served on the
NGWA Board of Directors. Shawver is semi-retired, having sold his
business to his employees. He contributes to NGWA’s member
e-publication and can be reached at grs@shawverwell.com.

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Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  35


PREVENTIVE WELL AND PUMP
MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
Part 1. Setting up the program and its parameters
ED BUTTS, PE
I
wrote a series of columns last year
and into January this year on well and
pump rehabilitation and methods to
improve the operating efficiency in both.
This month, as a start to a two-part series
and a logical continuation to the topic, I’ll
expand the discussion outlining my concept
of a well and pump preventive maintenance
program with suggested procedures and
recommended intervals.
Beginnings of a Preventive
Maintenance Program
During the final months of 1978, my
employer at Stettler Supply Co. agreed
to expand the company by developing a
new municipal, water district, and com-
mercial division for the 30-year-old
firm that had primarily focused on
agricultural irrigation and domestic
water systems.
As we launched this new enterprise,
we decided to offer a preventive main-
tenance program on a trial basis. This
would be our way of introducing and
acquainting ourselves to a previously
unknown base of new clients, intro-
ducing our new division to our existing
clients, and as a way of gaining a full
understanding of each water system’s
particular needs.
After obtaining mailing lists from
state water utility organizations and
sending a form letter as an invitation,
we awaited the reaction. The response
was, in a word, overwhelming.
Many of these newly discovered
clients, especially local smaller water
districts and cities, informed me they had
wanted to implement some type of pre-
ventive maintenance program for their
facility, but didn’t know where to start.
The new preventive maintenance
program was more than a method of
gaining new business for our firm,
especially since the late 1970s were also
36  July 2018 WWJ
somewhat sluggish in the local irriga-
tion business. Diversifying and expand-
ing into the municipal and commercial
water systems market not only provided
badly needed revenue, but allowed us to
keep current personnel who might other-
wise have been laid off or assigned reduced
hours during long winter periods.
Since we were already a long-
established water systems firm, moving
into this larger and slightly different
market did not require substantial retrain-
ing or expansion of our service staff. We
were also able to use our existing equip-
ment and rolling stock, particularly our
service vehicles and pump hoists.
As we moved cautiously into devel-
oping a preventive maintenance program
for the various clients, one thing became
rapidly apparent. The program was
going to have to be customized and
tailored for each client and the specific
needs and number of pumps for each
water purveyor. For systems with multiple
well and pump stations, this meant we
had to individualize the program for
each client.
Although I was in charge and responsi-
ble for this new division—which included
my cultivating new clients, submitting
bids and proposals, and performing en-
gineering and design—I was still young
and didn’t wish to simply come out of the
field and into the office to assign the main-
tenance and troubleshooting to the other
employees. So, for the first four years of
this new enterprise I alternated between
field work and office work.
This not only helped me expand my
skills in field work and troubleshooting,
but allowed me the opportunity to visit
and work with many of the new and
diverse water system clients we gained
throughout western Oregon. Eventually,
the time and effort required to split my
duties became more than I could reason-
ENGINEERING YOUR BUSINESS
ably handle, but those years were instru-
mental as they allowed me to learn new
techniques, expand my troubleshooting
skills, and increase my knowledge of
water wells, pumps, and electrical and
hydraulic theory.
Setting Up the Program
Before actually embarking on a new
preventive maintenance (PM) program,
we first had to decide how often to
recommend individual site visits and
develop some type of database to rou-
tinely document each individual client
and their water system facilities, as well
as track each PM and service procedure
conducted at each site and for each unit.
A careful appraisal and balance of
the estimated cost for each inspection,
combined with what we felt to be the
optimum frequency and need—not to
mention the potential disruption to our
service staff during our normal summer
peak periods—resulted in a general
recommendation of seasonal (every
three to four months) inspections for
most clients at each facility.
Some opted for every six months
or even yearly inspections; a few even
asked for monthly visits. The seasonal
inspections were accepted by most clients
as a compromise between excessive
costs and ensuring adequate and timely
PM procedures were being conducted to
make the program worthwhile.
As far as building a database, after
considering various methods of record
keeping I settled on using a single master
file for each client. Each file included
information on each separate well and
pump station. Each was assigned a
unique identification code with the spe-
cific details of each facility recorded on
“master data sheets” (Figures 1, 2, 3).
The original master data sheets re-
mained at the office in the master file
waterwelljournal.com
 MASTER
MASTER FORM
FORM 1—WELL
1—WELL & WELL
& WELL PUMP
PUMP

Client: _________________________ Facility Name: ________________________Well ID#: ____________

Well Site Address: ________________________________ City: ________Legal: ______________________
State Well ID: _________________________ Section: ________________T: ______ N/S/--R: _______ E/W

Well Data—Original Date/Year Drilled: ____________ Updated-1) Date: ___________ 2) Date: _________
Well Diameter: ______” Well Depth (Total): ________’ Original SWL: _______’ Date: _______________
Casing Size(s): ____” from _____’ to ______’-Type: _______ Thickness: ______” Ga/Inches-Hgt______”
“ “ ____” from _____’ to ______’-Type: _______ Thickness: ______” Ga/Inches-Elev______’
Seal Borehole: Dia. ______” from ________’ to ________’---Dia. _______” from ________’ to _________’
Seal Material: _____________________________________________ Seal Qty.: ______ Bags ________ lbs.
Screens/Perf./Liners: _______________________________________________________________________
Screens/Perf./Liners: _______________________________________________________________________
Gravel/Filter Pack: Y__ N ___ Size/Details: ____________________________________________________
Well Test Data: _______ GPM from _____’ PWL (_____ MSL) after ________ Hours (Primary/Orig. COS)
Test Pump _______ GPM from _____’ PWL (______MSL) after ________ Hours (Alternate COS #1)
Airlift—Bail _______ GPM from _____’ PWL (_______MSL) after ________ Hours (Alternate COS #2)
Test Date: ___________ By:_________________________ Water Level Meas. Device:_________________
Well Recovery Data:_________________________________ Alignment Results:______________________
Driller Firm/Name: ______________________________State Lic.#:___________Driller Well #:__________
Well Comments/Recommendations:___________________________________________________________

Rehab. Data: 1) SWL:_____’ Date:_______ 2) SWL:______’ Date:______ 3) SWL:_____’ Date:_________

Water Sample Taken? 1) Y--N--Date:_________ 2) Y--N--Date:___________ 3) Y--N--Date:____________
Results: 1):___________________________ 2):_______________________ 3):______________________
Video Survey?1). Y--N--Date:____________2). Y--N--Date:____________3). Y--N--Date:______________
Rehab. Procedure (1):______________________________________________________________________
Rehab. Procedure (2):______________________________________________________________________
Rehab. Procedure (3):______________________________________________________________________
1).Specific Capacity:__________ GPM/ft. D.D. @ Pri. COS--__________ GPM/ft.DD @ Alt. COS #______
2).Specific Capacity:__________ GPM/ft. D.D. @ Pri. COS--__________ GPM/ft.DD @ Alt. COS #______
3).Specific Capacity:__________ GPM/ft. D.D. @ Pri. COS--__________ GPM/ft.DD @ Alt. COS #______

Raw Water Quality: pH:_____ Fe:_____mg/l--Mn:_____mg/l-Ca Hardness:______mg/l-Coliform?:__Y __N

Sand:______mg/l--DO:_______mg/l-Corrosion Indices: RSI: ________ LSI:_________ CCPP: __________
NO3:_______mg/l-Comments:___________________________________________ Test Date: ___________

Well Pump Data—Original Data Entered-Date: _______ Updated-1) Date:_________ 2) Date:___________

Pump ID#________ Original Installation Date:___________ Pulled(1):__________ Pulled(2):____________
Pump Make:_______________ Model:_______________ Stgs._____Trim:_______SN:_________________
Style of Pump: VTP:___ VSP:____ Driver:_____________________Pump/Curve ID:___________________
Primary COS:________ GPM @ ________’ TDH--Alternate COS:________ GPM @________’ TDH
Max. Pump (Bowl) OD:______ “— Column/Riser Size:______ ” Type:_____________ _
Lengths: Column Length:_______ ’ (+) Bowls:______ ’ (+) Tailpipe/Strainer:______ ’= OAL:________ ’
Shaft/Tube Sizes:_________________Cable Size:________AWG/C.M.-No. of Conductors:____Type:______
Pump Support: Pitless:___ Discharge Head:___ Ell/Tee:___Detail:__________________________________
CV Data/Setting:_______________________________Data Entered By:________________Date:_________
Pump Comments:__________________________________________________________________________
(Refer to Master Form-3 for Driver Data)
1)_______________________________________________________ DATE:___________
RED FLAGS TO CLIENT By:_______________Date:__________ Ack.___________ Date:__________
2)________________________________________________________DATE:___________
RED FLAGS TO CLIENT By:_______________Date:__________ Ack.___________ Date:__________

Figure 1. Master data sheet for inspection of a well and well pump. ENGINEERING continues on page 38

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  37

ENGINEERING from page 37
MASTER
MASTER FORM-2—BOOSTER
FORM-2—BOOSTER PUMPPUMP STATION
STATION
Client:_________________________Facility Name:___________________________ ID#_____________

Site Address:_____________________________________________ Legal:___________________________

Pump Data: Original Installation Date:_____________Updated-1) Date:__________ 2) Date:____________

Facility Pumps from:_________________________________ to:___________________________________

Pump Sta. Design TDH: Net Discharge Head:______psi/ft. (+/-) Net Inlet Head:______psi/ft. = ______’ TDH
Pump Sta. NPSHA:__________psia @ ________’ MSL x 2.31 (-) Losses = _______’Net </> ______’ NPSHR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit#____ Make:_______________ Model:____________________________SN:_____________________
Date Installed:______________ (1) Serviced/Rebuilt:____________ (2) Serviced/Rebuilt:________________
Bowl Dia.:______” No. of Stgs.______ Trim:__________ Disch/Inlet Sizes:___________________________
Curve ID:______________COS:_______GPM @ ______’ TDH--____HP-NPSHR:____’ </> NPSHA:_____’
Bowl Length:________ft.-OAL:__________ft. Unit Details:_______________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit#____ Make:_______________ Model:____________________________SN:_____________________
Date Installed:______________ (1) Serviced/Rebuilt:____________ (2) Serviced/Rebuilt:________________
Bowl Dia.:______” No. of Stgs.______ Trim:__________ Disch/Inlet Sizes:___________________________
Curve ID:______________COS:_______GPM @ ______’ TDH--____HP-NPSHR:____’ </> NPSHA:_____’
Bowl Length:________ft.-OAL:__________ft. Unit Details:_______________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit#____ Make:_______________ Model:____________________________SN:_____________________
Date Installed:______________ (1) Serviced/Rebuilt:____________ (2) Serviced/Rebuilt:________________
Bowl Dia.:______” No. of Stgs.______ Trim:__________ Disch/Inlet Sizes:___________________________
Curve ID:______________COS:_______GPM @ ______’ TDH--____HP-NPSHR:____’ </> NPSHA:_____’
Bowl Length:________ft.-OAL:__________ft. Unit Details:_______________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit#____ Make:_______________ Model:____________________________SN:_____________________
Date Installed:______________ (1) Serviced/Rebuilt:____________ (2) Serviced/Rebuilt:________________
Bowl Dia.:______” No. of Stgs.______ Trim:__________ Disch/Inlet Sizes:___________________________
Curve ID:______________COS:_______GPM @ ______’ TDH--____HP-NPSHR:____’ </> NPSHA:_____’
Bowl Length:________ft.-OAL:__________ft. Unit Details:_______________________________________
(Refer to Master Form-3 for Driver Data)
Additional Issues or Comments:_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Data Entered By:________________________ Approved:_____________________ Date: _______________

RED FLAGS–ISSUES NEEDING <IMMEDIATE>--<SOON> ATTENTION____________

Date:____________________Details: ________________________________________________________
Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # __ Pump/Motor--Unit # ____Pump/Motor
Red Flags to Client (By): ______________ Date: ___________ Ack.: ______________Date: ___________

Date:____________________Details:________________________________________________________
Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # __ Pump/Motor--Unit # ____Pump/Motor
Red Flags to Client (By): ______________ Date: ___________ Ack.: ______________Date: ___________

Date:____________________Details:________________________________________________________
Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # ___ Pump/Motor--Unit # __ Pump/Motor--Unit # ____Pump/Motor
Red Flags to Client (By): ______________ Date: ___________ Ack.: ______________Date: ___________

Figure 2. Master data sheet for inspection of a booster pump station.

38  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

 MASTER
MASTER FORM-3—DRIVERS
FORM-3—DRIVERS
Client: _______________________ Facility: _______________________________ID#___________
Type of Pump Station: Well: ____Booster: ____ No. of Units: ______Elec.: _____ Other: _________
Unit #:______ Driver Selection(s):_____________________________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________Model:______________________ SN: ________________________
Nameplate HP:______ S.F.:______ Code: _____ Design: _____Voltage: _________ AC/DC--Ph:__
Full Load Amps: _____ P.F.: _____ Eff.(1): ______% @ ______RPM-(2): _____% @ _______RPM
NRR/SRC? ___Y ___N—B.D.: ______” Frame: __________Thrust: __________RPM: _________
Lower Brg.: _____________________O/G-- Upper Brg.: ______________________________O/G
Inverter Duty? __Y __N-VFD? __Y __N-Submersible: Motor Dia.: ______” Cooling Media: A---W
Alternate Construction: _______________________________________________________________
Geardrive: Make: ________________ Model: ________________ SN: _________________________
HP Rating: ____Thrust: ______# Ratio: ____ to _____ Std.____ Combo: __ Redi-Torq: ________VDC
Critical Speed: #1: ________ RPM to _______ RPM--------#2: _______ RPM to _______ RPM
Critical Speed Rejections: _______ RPM to ______ RPM----#2: _______RPM to _______ RPM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit #:______ Driver Selection(s):_____________________________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________Model:______________________ SN: ________________________
Nameplate HP:______ S.F.:______ Code: _____ Design: _____Voltage: _________ AC/DC--Ph:__
Full Load Amps: _____ P.F.: _____ Eff.(1): ______% @ ______RPM-(2): _____% @ _______RPM
NRR/SRC? ___Y ___N—B.D.: ______” Frame: __________Thrust: __________RPM: _________
Lower Brg.: _____________________O/G-- Upper Brg.: ______________________________O/G
Inverter Duty? __Y __N-VFD? __Y __N-Submersible: Motor Dia.: ______” Cooling Media: A---W
Alternate Construction: _______________________________________________________________
Geardrive: Make: ________________ Model: ________________ SN: _________________________
HP Rating: ____Thrust: ______# Ratio: ____ to _____ Std.____ Combo: __ Redi-Torq: ________VDC
Critical Speed: #1: ________ RPM to _______ RPM--------#2: _______ RPM to _______ RPM
Critical Speed Rejections: _______ RPM to ______ RPM----#2: _______RPM to _______ RPM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit #:______ Driver Selection(s):_____________________________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________Model:______________________ SN: ________________________
Nameplate HP:______ S.F.:______ Code: _____ Design: _____Voltage: _________ AC/DC--Ph:__
Full Load Amps: _____ P.F.: _____ Eff.(1): ______% @ ______RPM-(2): _____% @ _______RPM
NRR/SRC? ___Y ___N—B.D.: ______” Frame: __________Thrust: __________RPM: _________
Lower Brg.: _____________________O/G-- Upper Brg.: ______________________________O/G
Inverter Duty? __Y __N-VFD? __Y __N-Submersible: Motor Dia.: ______” Cooling Media: A---W
Alternate Construction: _______________________________________________________________
Geardrive: Make: ________________ Model: ________________ SN: _________________________
HP Rating: ____Thrust: ______# Ratio: ____ to _____ Std.____ Combo: __ Redi-Torq: ________VDC
Critical Speed: #1: ________ RPM to _______ RPM--------#2: _______ RPM to _______ RPM
Critical Speed Rejections: _______ RPM to ______ RPM----#2: _______RPM to _______ RPM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit #:______ Driver Selection(s):_____________________________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________Model:______________________ SN: ________________________
Nameplate HP:______ S.F.:______ Code: _____ Design: _____Voltage: _________ AC/DC--Ph:__
Full Load Amps: _____ P.F.: _____ Eff.(1): ______% @ ______RPM-(2): _____% @ _______RPM
NRR/SRC? ___Y ___N—B.D.: ______” Frame: __________Thrust: __________RPM: _________
Lower Brg.: _____________________O/G-- Upper Brg.: ______________________________O/G
Inverter Duty? __Y __N-VFD? __Y __N-Submersible: Motor Dia.: ______” Cooling Media: A---W
Alternate Construction: _______________________________________________________________
Geardrive: Make: ________________ Model: ________________ SN: _________________________
HP Rating: ____Thrust: ______# Ratio: ____ to _____ Std.____ Combo: __ Redi-Torq: ________VDC
Critical Speed: #1: ________ RPM to _______ RPM--------#2: _______ RPM to _______ RPM
Critical Speed Rejections: _______ RPM to ______ RPM----#2: _______RPM to _______ RPM

Figure 3. Master data sheet for inspection of drivers. ENGINEERING continues on page 40
Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  39
 ENGINEERING from page 39
Field Data Form—Well/Booster Pump Station WO #:________________
Tech: Date: Time-Start: Stop:
Client: Facility Name:
Client ID: Water Sample to Lab? Yes: ___ No:___ System/ID #:

a—INITIAL PRE-INSPECTION Unit ID#

Pump Type: VTP? Sub? Cent.? --------
Application: Well? Booster? Other? --------
If Well, Determine SWL Volume: Gallons
b—LOCKED OUT/TAGGED OUT? LO/TO?
Winding Res.(3ϕ): T1:T2--T1:T3--T2:T3 Ohms
Insulation Resistance (Megger)(Ohm) MOhms
Lubricants: Leaks? Added? Vol.? --------
Seal/Packing: Add/Adjust Packing? --------
Pre-Inspection Details-Days/Time Off? --------
c—OPERATIONAL INSPECTION Unit ID#
Starting Characteristics: Sec. to Run? Seconds
Vibration Test: (mils)(hertz)(CPM)? ----------
Motor Operating Temperature-Time? °C/F-Min.
C.B./Fuses/Term. Oper. Temp.-Time? °C/F-Min.
Starter Type/Operating Temp.-Time? °C/F-Min.
Seal/Packing: Leakage/Maintenance? --------
Check Motor Cooling–Clean Screens --------
Water Sample Taken? Pumped Time? Y/N-Min.
d—OPERATING/PUMPING DATA Unit ID#
Flow Rate: Curve BEP?:_________ GPM
Suction: =/- Pressure/Lift (SWL) PSI/FT.
Suction: +/- Pressure/Lift (PWL)+ hf PSI/FT.
Discharge: Pressure/Lift (Static) PSI/FT.
Discharge: Pressure/Lift (Online) PSI/FT.
Calculated Net Total Dynamic Head TDH(Ft.)
Water HP = GPM x TDH/3960 WHP
Water Sample Taken? Pumped Time? Y/N-Min.
e—ELECTRICAL DATA—VFD? Unit ID#
Motor Rotational Speed—Syn.? VFD? RPM
Kw-Ph A: ________ //3.6 x “K”:____ kilowatts
Kw-Ph B: ________ // x _____Revs. kilowatts
Kw-Ph C: ________ //in _____Sec. kilowatts
(1)Total Input KW:_______ x 1.34 = IHP(1)
Average Power Factor-Line? Load? P.F. (%)
Current-Phase A: AMPS
Current-Phase B: AMPS
Current-Phase C: AMPS
Current Average—Line? Load? AMPS
Volt-Ph A-B _____ RMS? PEAK? VOLTS
Volt-Ph B-C _____ RMS? PEAK? VOLTS
Volt-Ph A-C: ______ RMS? PEAK? VOLTS
Volts Average: RMS____ Peak____ VOLTS
(2)Calculated IHP using: P.F.-A—V = IHP(2)
Adj. Plant Efficiency–(WHP/IHP) (%)

Red Flags/Notes/Comments: _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 4. Field site inspection sheet.

40  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

with copies, as needed, reproduced for
the service (field) staff and updated
when any changes or modifications were
performed or observed during a site
inspection. Maintaining the details of
every facility within the master files was
critical to prevent any loss of data in the
field or in a service vehicle.
Documenting the Program
The details of each individual PM
site visit were documented on a single
report form (Figure 4) that was turned
in at the end of the day along with the
specific work order, and thereafter
transferred and updated as needed to the
client’s master file for future reference
and access.
A considerable amount of thought
along with trial and error went into for-
mulating the field site inspection sheet.
We wanted to obviously collect enough
data to provide a complete record of the
inspection with the capability of making
meaningful recommendations to the cli-
ent for further service or repair if needed.
At the same time, we didn’t want to
overly complicate the procedure or load
down the technician with unnecessary or
meaningless data collection which could
easily result in frivolous (and unbillable)
time spent on an inspection.
Many on our staff felt there was not
enough available space on a single one-
sided form to include all the potential
data that should be collected during
the initial and operational inspections
and thought a two- or three-sheet form
should be used. I disagreed for several
reasons:
• For whatever reason, inspection
sheets, work orders, and other
company forms longer than one
page tended to get lost or mis-
placed during a typical workday,
rendering the entire site visit
meaningless due to the lost in-
formation. Therefore, since a
field technician’s workday might
consist of as many as six or seven
service calls, we tried to keep the
field forms simple.
• The PM program was originally
envisioned, structured, and priced
to be a fairly rapid “in and out” to
gather and record the most critical
information such as static and op-
erating (pumping water level) con-
ditions of each well and pump and
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
to conduct general maintenance on
individual pump and driver units
within a pumping plant. Therefore,
it was important to provide a uni-
form set of tasks and criteria to fol-
low and evaluate what was needed
without spending unnecessary time
or effort on less important or trivial
tasks.
• Remember now this program was
developed in the late 1970s before
the advent and widespread use of
alternate methods of data collection
such as computers and paperless
data-entry methods. Since almost
all field work was still documented
and recorded on paper, it simply
made sense to keep the total
amount of paper to a minimum
to avoid generating massive files.
Contrast that with today’s laptops,
iPods, smartphones, and tablets
instantaneously recording and
collecting data in the field for easy
transfer at the office.
Determining and maintaining a rea-
sonable, uniform cost for a PM program
was also vital since we could not effec-
tively sell the program to most clients
solely from harping on the advantages
gained from potential energy savings
and improving pump efficiency—at
least not in 1979.
Selling the Program
To effectively sell and conduct the
program to many water systems, it was
important to stress we would keep each
site visit meaningful and the cost to a
minimum by concentrating on just the
primary elements of an effective PM
program. These elements included:
(1) performing necessary routine main-
tenance at appropriate intervals;
(2) determining the current efficiency
and operating condition of each pump
and motor; (3) identifying and heading
off any serious situations with an indi-
vidual unit that could result in signifi-
cant downtime and higher repair costs if
not addressed soon; and (4) maintaining
the inspection reports and records as
a collection of current and past data
within a master file.
The site visit field form was devel-
oped specifically to act as a guideline of
the tasks the technician was expected to
perform on each unit, each in a funda-
mental order. By using this initial form
over the first to three months of the trial
PM program, we were able to quickly
determine the typical cost for a single
pump station inspection and thereafter
apply that unit cost to pump stations
with multiple units.
Since many municipal or industrial
pumping plants or stations consist of
three to four separate units in total, es-
pecially those found in water booster or
wastewater pump stations, we were able
to expand the horizontal use of each
form to permit entering up to four sepa-
rate units on a single sheet.
As important to booster pump sta-
tions as this program was, the primary
selling point was made to those clients
with wells and well pumps or wastewa-
ter pumps. Since many wells and well
pumps can exhibit a sudden failure due
to years of ignorance or lack of mainte-
nance, this program permitted a routine
examination and tracking of the well’s
pumping water level and the operating
condition of the well pump and driver
(usually an electric motor).
For example, by checking the static
and pumping levels of each well during
each visit around the same time each
year, we were able to quickly develop an
accurate, in-house database on seasonal
water levels in most regions of western
Oregon and the Willamette Valley.
This type of inspection was partic-
ularly important for installations using
submersible pump motors since periodic
examination of the motor’s insulation
resistance often provided a yardstick
of a motor’s current condition, or more
importantly, any progressive decline.
If this occurred, it usually provided
the client with advance notice in one to
two years this unit was heading for or
nearing failure. This provided enough
notice to the client to permit an orderly
and scheduled repair or replacement of
the motor rather than a rushed and more
expensive emergency approach.
Gathering the
Program Data
Another important factor should be
mentioned. We didn’t expect our field
technicians to function as engineers or
spend time interpreting field data. Once
we demonstrated to each technician the
scope and type of data we expected to
receive from each unit, a general uni-
ENGINEERING continues on page 42
WWJ July 2018  41
ENGINEERING from page 41
formity within the PM program was
set. This greatly affected the costs of
the program and avoided tieing up the
technician on potentially complicated
and time-consuming calculations when
their time was better spent on another
service call.
As supervisors, we expected the field
techs to observe and collect the listed
parameters from each unit and record
and report each observed anomaly to
the engineering staff along with the field
data form at day’s end. This allowed
time for a full review and further inter-
pretation of all field data by the engi-
neering staff before contacting the client
with any specific recommendations.
Although we were generally careful
to require all field data and information
be vetted and approved by the engi-
neering department before contacting
the client, we did demonstrate to each
technician how to determine and record
a few basic field observations and calcu-
lations. These included static and pump-
ing water levels from wells along with
water horsepower, input horsepower,
and plant efficiency from pumping units.
These were often requested by the cli-
ents, particularly when the they were
present for the inspections.
We also cautioned each tech to avoid
making any specific comments, recom-
mendations, or conclusions to the client
until all the current data with compari-
son to past data could be reviewed and
fully interpreted.
Emphasizing Safety in
Preventive Maintenance
Although our original PM program
was developed and implemented for
both potable and wastewater pumping
systems, since Water Well Journal pri-
marily focuses on wells and well pump
systems, we will limit this discussion to
this group.
If any of you are considering devel-
oping your own PM program, I stress
the primary consideration is all safety
procedures must always apply and
be recognized. This not only means
preserving the safety of your field
technician and other employees, but po-
tentially the client and the system itself.
This means each field technician
must be properly trained and observant
in electrical, mechanical, and confined
42  July 2018 WWJ
space safety. The most basic of these
is always observing OSHA’s mandated
“lock out/tag out” procedures for protec-
tion against errant automatic or manual
starting of electrical motors or engines
(drivers) used to drive pumps. This not
only protects from possible electrical
shocks, but additional forms of injury
that could occur. An example that could
occur is a pump starting while the tech
is repacking or greasing it or changing
the motor oil.
Safety equipment and garments—
insulated gloves, face shields, aprons—
should be used whenever the tech is
exposed to any electrical power.
Finally for electrical safety, in-
structing your employees on using the
appropriate test meters and the proper
procedure to obtain power, voltage, and
current readings is vital. I suggest once a
tech has become acquainted and familiar
with a specific meter, he stick with that
meter for all observations. More than
one electrician has been electrocuted
from dead batteries or a locked needle
in a meter. This is the primary reason I
always tried to use the same model and
type of test meter (Amprobe RS-3) as
my meter of choice throughout my career.
I came to know this meter so well I
knew instinctively when the needle was
locked or on the wrong scale.
Proper procedure for electrical systems
should consist of an educational and
training program stressing knowledge
of potential hazards, whether common
or rare, and a universal test procedure,
including routinely double-checking
electrical meters before their use and not
using ohmmeters to check voltages.
Beyond safety hazards to the techni-
cian, if the client or their representative
insists on being present and watching
during the inspection, they must resist
the temptation many people have to
“look over his shoulder” but instead be
asked to observe from a safe distance,
especially during electrical testing
procedures. Not only does this type of
activity expose the client to the same
potential arc-flash hazards as the ser-
vice tech, but the simple presence of
this individual may impede the safe and
rapid evacuation of both should an actual
incident occur.
Finally, many water systems use
potentially harmful chemicals and feed
systems in their facilities (high-strength
DACUM Codes
To help meet your professional needs, this
column covers skills and competencies
found in DACUM charts for drillers, pump
installers, and geothermal contractors. PI
refers to the pumps chart. The letter and
number immediately following is the skill
on the chart covered by the column. This
column covers:
PIE-18, 22; PIF-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
PIG-3, 8, 10
More information on DACUM and the charts
are available at www.NGWA.org/Certification
and click on “Exam Information.”
chlorine, acids, or caustics) or other
ancillary systems interconnected to the
pump start/run signal. Even though
locking out the pump motor may pre-
vent its start and operation, it may not
necessarily disconnect or disable these
other systems.
It is imperative each tech become
familiar with the specifics of each
system he services, works with the ap-
propriate personnel at the facility before
beginning work, and understands any
potential implication from not shutting
off the system properly or from not
reengaging it properly as well.
The next area with a type of haz-
ard occurs from exposure to confined
spaces. Although most potable water
pumping units are not located in reg-
ulated confined spaces, many control
valves and other equipment are com-
monly situated in tanks or underground
vaults or chambers. Accumulated or
released vapors or gases within these
environments, especially those heavier
than air in underground vaults or
facilities, can overcome a worker within
seconds. Recognizing these potential
hazards and equipping each employee
with a gas sniffer or alarm to notify the
tech should hazardous or flammable
gases or a low oxygen level exist and
an approved breathing mask/tank is
recommended.
In conclusion, it is vitally import-
ant anyone charged with conducting
preventive maintenance and service be
fully trained and capable in understand-
ing and performing the procedural and
safety measures required for each unit
in each pumping station and observe the
waterwelljournal.com
proper shutdown (lockout/tagout), service,
and reactivation protocols.
If the technician is not familiar with
or adequately trained in the proper
safety procedures, or is not capable of
or expresses reservations or reluctance
against measuring electrical voltage or
current, an alternate employee should
be selected and evaluated. Without try-
ing to disparage anyone, this work often
requires a higher level of skills including
experience, training, and knowledge well
beyond a typical service or repairman.

This concludes this first installment

on setting up a well and pump mainte-
nance program. Next month, we’ll wrap
up with an overview on setting up the
forms and performing the field work.
Until then, work safe and smart. WWJ

Ed Butts, PE, is the chief engineer at 4B

Engineering & Consulting, Salem, Oregon.
He has more than 40 years of experience
in the water well business, specializing in
engineering and business management.
He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.
Better Water Industries Inc. 507-247-5929 www.betterwaterind.com

Want to increase revenue and improve

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maintenance service contract with NGWA’s
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(800) 551-7379 or (614) 898-7791
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Association
®

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  43


OUTSOURCING HR FOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
Whether you outsource everything or just some tasks,
ALEXANDRA WALSH there are options for your company.
A Data and Legal Considerations
dministrative responsibilities can tax any company.
For smaller businesses in particular, managing human
resources can be a heavy burden.
When you run a small company with limited time and
resources, the last thing you want to do is divert your attention
from your core responsibility—providing safe water to resi-
dences and communities.
And with today’s emphasis on company culture and loyalty,
the role of human resources management and the types of
benefits a company offers has become increasingly important
for a business’ future.
However, being competitive in these areas isn’t always
easy for small- and medium-sized businesses. Smaller companies
often don’t have the budgets to support the necessary person-
nel. Sometimes HR issues can be so thorny it takes experts to
navigate them successfully.
Some mistakes in HR management will not only hurt
employee loyalty, but can lead to fines. Trusting your HR
responsibilities to an employee who only deals with these
issues on a part-time basis—or who isn’t sufficiently trained
in HR matters—can cost you dearly.
Is There a Solution?
Might there be a cost-effective and expertise-effective
solution to your HR problem? One answer is turning to out-
side sources to bolster areas of weakness. Outsourcing human
resource functions can reduce your administrative workload
and free up your time so you can focus on your business
objectives.
An HR outsourcing company can manage a whole range of
human resource functions you might otherwise outsource to
many different providers. These functions include everything
from payroll processing and benefit plan management and
administration to recruiting, training, and more.
With one provider taking responsibility for a range of HR
functions, you’ll not only spend less time on administration—
but less time managing vendor relationships as well.
Some companies are contemplating “selective outsourcing”
—which means outsourcing part of their HR needs, but not
all of them. Whether you want a bundled package, or you
prefer to pick and choose the services you need, the mar-
ketplace is crowded with companies to choose from. The
important thing is to find an outsourcing company that will
work with you to provide services easy to use and accessible
for your employees.
44  July 2018 WWJ
PEOPLE AT WORK
HR is responsible for maintaining employee confidentiality
in compensation and personal matters, and for ensuring your
company’s compliance with federal regulations surrounding
health care, 401(k) plans, and the Consolidated Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA).
Another important function of HR is to ensure your com-
pany follows legal processes when hiring, especially when
hiring noncitizens. Immigration compliance at both the state
and federal level is a complicated process your HR staff may
lack expertise in.
If your company frequently hires immigrants, it is import-
ant to find an HR outsourcing service that has experience
in immigration services. This helps protect your company
against unintended violations of immigration law—which can
be extremely costly.
Some employers have several layers of regulatory compli-
ance to deal with. The regulatory environment is complicated
and ever changing. For example, in order to understand and
navigate recent changes to the Affordable Care Act, human
resources support experts can supply the required guidance.
Of course, compliance requirements stretch far beyond the
ACA—they are composed of an alphabet soup of laws:
COBRA, ERISA, FMLA, HIPAA, PPACA, and more.
Firms specializing in compliance to these regulations
sometimes also offer employee benefits, consulting, and
brokerage services—providing business leaders with a one-
stop shopping experience. When tailoring your benefits pack-
age for maximum competitive advantage, a consulting firm
with a depth of experience can offer a perspective that ensures
your benefits are tailored to attract the employees you need.
Every company should be working hard to design a benefits
package that will promote employee loyalty, reduce turnover,
and even turn employees into brand ambassadors.
When choosing to outsource your HR services, it is important
to know exactly what your business needs are. The needs
of your specific company will determine which outsourcing
resources you need and the service you select. However, there
are a few things to consider.
Full-Service Outsourcing
Full-service human resource outsourcing is a good option
if you own a small company and cannot yet afford to hire HR
personnel. It’s also a good option if you have staff in scattered
locations and need HR to work with remote employees. By
outsourcing these services, a company makes sure it remains
waterwelljournal.com
in compliance while working with em-
ployees and can provide a healthy work-
ing environment.
When companies skimp on HR, they
put themselves and their employees at
risk. A full-service HR company can
help you appropriately manage day-to-
day HR tasks like reporting misconduct,
ensuring work safety compliance, and
coordinating insurance benefits. It can
also work closely with your payroll team
to handle compensation. In addition
to day-to-day tasks, you can request
services like recruiting and employee
training.
Partial Outsourcing
Partial outsourcing is a good choice
for companies that have HR staff but
need extra help. For instance, maybe
you have an HR representative to handle
hiring and checking that employment
paperwork is correctly filed. However,
HR is more than compliance and staff
support. It can be an important resource
for employee training and development.
If you do not have the resources or de-
sire to hire a full-time training specialist,
you can outsource this service.
The most common training HR
outsourcing services provide include
software and processes training, though
other options are available. The best
HR outsourcing service will work
with you one-on-one to determine the
training that’s best for your company’s
employees.
Other common partial outsourcing
services include payroll outsourcing,
employee screenings and background
checks, employee recruitment, and
immigration compliance.
If you have a small HR staff that is
burdened by their workload or inexpe-
rienced in certain functions, then partial
outsourcing is the best solution for your
company’s HR needs.
Software-Based Solutions
“Software as a service” (SaaS) is a
major player today for providing HR
and related services. These range from
single traditionally outsourced services
like payroll, applicant tracking, and
employee training to more complete
packages that include a range of record
keeping and reporting options.
Some benefits of SaaS—whether you
use it for HR or other functions within
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
DACUM Codes
To help meet your professional needs, this column covers skills and competencies found in
DACUM charts for drillers, pump installers, and geothermal contractors. DO refers to the drilling
chart, PI refers to the pumps chart, and GO represents the geothermal chart. The letter and num-
ber immediately following is the skill on the chart covered by the column. This column covers:
DOB-6; DOK-2, 8; DOL-1, 4; PIB-9; PIG-2; GOB-6; GOI-2, 8; GOJ-1, 4
More information on DACUM and the charts are available at www.NGWA.org/Certification
and click on “Exam Information.”
your company—are the SaaS provider help you design and obtain favorable
is responsible for system upgrades, pricing on your benefits. In the second
backups, and developing and offering case, you are essentially taking on a
new services as the marketplace partner who will take over day-to-day
demands them. responsibilities for the HR arm of your
The bigger SaaS packages will typi- organization.
cally include mobile apps for users. They Before outsourcing your HR, you
will also integrate with some benefits, need to balance what you can afford
taking the pressure off your staff to han- with what your company needs to pro-
dle benefits administration. vide to achieve a desired position within
However, while you can often plug your industry. A startup will have dif-
your benefits into an SaaS system for ferent needs—and use different tools to
the convenience of your employees and attract talent—than a mature company
management, it can’t give you advice on looking to climb the next level of its
the nature of your benefits package and growth curve. WWJ
what you need to be competitive.
Before You Outsource . . . Alexandra Walsh is the vice president of
When researching HR consultants, Association Vision, a Washington, D.C.–area
you will find ones offering benefits bro- communications company. She has extensive
experience in management positions with a
kerage services, consulting, optimiza-
range of organizations.
tion, and renewal management, as well
as some that will take full ownership of
your HR administration.
In the first case, you’re signing on
with an experienced consultant who will
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WWJ July 2018  45

ENGINEERING OF WATER SYSTEMS
Part 15(c)—Well Pumps as Booster Pumps
ED BUTTS, PE
A
lthough the majority of vertical turbine and submersible
pumps are used for deep well applications, they can also
be used and are often preferred as booster pumps for many
applications including parallel and series service as outlined in the
last two columns of The Water Works.
This month, we’ll examine this specific use along with the
related design process and pitfalls for open sumps, that is, sumps
open and exposed to atmospheric pressure.
As with most water system applications, there are usually
different approaches that can be used to accomplish the same goal.
The following information and design criteria, although based
largely on my personal experience and past project success, is not
intended to demonstrate the only method available for the application
and design of a well pump for use as a booster pump.
As always, for any questionable or difficult projects, I suggest
you enlist experienced and qualified individuals or firms to assist
you with your specific application. Please note the following
guidelines are intended for informational purposes only and to
help you gain an understanding of general sump arrangement,
configuration, and dimensions. Therefore, I cannot guarantee the
success or adequacy of any sump design, layout, or configuration
based on any use of this information.
Well Pump vs. Booster Pump
Besides their most common uses as well pumps, vertical
turbine pumps and submersible deep well pumps, as well as
ordinary centrifugal pumps, are also used as booster pumps.
Generally, this is done for singular or series/parallel perfor-
mance in both inline pressurized applications using a direct
inline feed for centrifugal pumps or pump sumps, cans, or
barrels for subs and VTP types—using an open or atmo-
spheric pressure fed source from a nearby reservoir, lake,
or river that is directly fed into an open sump, commonly
referred to as a “wetwell.”
I have used centrifugal, vertical turbine, and submersible
pumps numerous times as booster pumps. Once you accept
and work around the issues and limitations associated with
NPSH, submergence, and clearance design requirements,
proper sealing of the discharge or electrical cable when using
a pump can under pressurized service, proper grounding of
electric motors, and observing the appropriate approach and
annular velocity for either application, you’ll see they make
excellent and efficient booster pumps.
Whereas a vertical turbine pump is limited to operation in a
vertical orientation only, a submersible pump can safely func-
tion in a vertical or horizontal position and at virtually any
46  July 2018 WWJ
THE WATER WORKS
angle in between. For purposes of this column, the common
terms applied to a centrifugal, vertical turbine, or submersible
pump will all be referred to simply as “booster pumps.”
Open Sumps: Submergence
When suction problems arise in pump cans or sumps ex-
posed only to atmospheric pressure, more often than not the
issues are associated with the configuration and design of the
sump or the need to maintain adequate pump submergence as
often as with the pump itself—especially if the pump region is
circular and operates with minimal submergence.
It is important to remember the pressure exerted by atmo-
spheric pressure results from the weight of the atmosphere
at the appropriate elevation above or below sea level—
disregarding all potential frictional losses, vapor pressure, and
any additional energy losses generated from the flow of fluid
within the pump can or open sump.
Depending on the type, specific gravity, and viscosity of
the fluid being pumped—and potential interference caused
by the number and spacing of pumping units along with the
geometry and layout of the sump and pumps—these losses
can be minor, insignificant, or severe enough to accumulate
and generate a sufficient loss of inlet head or flow disruption,
resulting in a negative impact to the operating pump.
In addition, even if the loss of inlet head within the pump
can or sump is not excessive, there may not be an adequate
depth of water maintained over the pump’s inlet to prevent a
cyclonic action of the water leading to the pump inlet during
pumping conditions—creating a vortex or whirlpool, similar
to the draining of a bathtub or basin.
Vortexes have been known to form in pumping applications
over vertical distances of 20 feet or more. Therefore, it is vital
to recognize the potential for a vortex to form and methods to
prevent or dissipate their formation.
This required operational factor, known as submergence, is
also a critical design element and must be included over and
above NPSH concerns as a separate and independent consid-
eration in every open and some closed sump arrangements.
Open Sumps: Hydraulic Configuration
and Pump Spacing
Where multiple pumps are used, and in addition to submer-
gence, the proper geometry and configuration of the sump and
the inlet pipe are also important. If the appropriate spacing
and baffling between pumping units or sump walls or barriers
is not observed in an open sump arrangement, severe prob-
waterwelljournal.com
 Figure 2. Single pump sump arrangement with inlet pipe.

Figure 1. Single pump sump arrangement with inlet channel.

lems can occur, including severe interference between units

during operation. It can also result in reduced capacity, vibra-
tion, overload, and pumping conditions that can vary from the
intended design or system head curve.
The design of a pump sump and intake for a large or geo-
metrically challenged multi-pump application is usually a
compromise between the allowable space and structural and
physical constraints combined with the factors involving
specific hydraulic and pump requirements. They are usually
dictated by various site, constructability, and economic factors
mutually determined by the client and design limitations.
Therefore, this information should be regarded as general
information only, as it is beyond the scope of this column to
provide enough specific criteria for the design of all sumps
and intakes without appropriate scale or computer model tests.
Space doesn’t permit a full treatment on all the possible sump
configurations and layouts that can be used for the multitude
of applications. However, the following numbered general
guidelines can be used with confidence for the most typical
open sump arrangements.
Figure 3. Single pump submergence/inlet diameter relationship.
Single Pump Applications:
Minimum Requirements the greater minimum distance of 1.0D should be used for cir-
The following are recommended minimum requirements. cular sumps.
Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 for term definitions. The backwall clearance can greatly impact the required
1. The approach velocity (Vs), floor or inlet pipe gradient pump performance since inadequate clearances can result in
(slope), and inlet flow patterns are the most important charac- vortex formation and interference between units.
teristics for the sump. An approach velocity of 1 foot per sec- 3. The clearance (C) between the suction bell or screen to
ond (≤1 FPS) or less is preferred with an allowable maximum the sump floor should be equal to .5D with a permitted range
velocity of ≤1.5 FPS at the maximum design rate (Q), with of .33D to 1.0D. This clearance affects pump head, efficiency,
an evenly distributed flow to the pump’s inlet or inlets for and submergence requirements. Excessive clearance between
multiple units without obstructions or directional changes that the pump inlet and sump floor above 1.5D can lead to dead
could result in turbulence or flow disruption or distortion. zones where stagnant liquids are not removed.
An unsatisfactory sump configuration or inadequate sub- 4. If possible, submergence (S) over the top of the bowl’s
mergence should use a Vs of .5 FPS or less to compensate for discharge case should be equal to at least two times the bell
any possible turbulence caused from geometric anomalies or diameter (2.0D) with a range of 1.5 to 5 times the inlet bell
obstructions. Note the sump approach velocity, Vs, is different diameter, based on the approach flow velocity and degree of
than the pump’s inlet velocity of Vd. uniformity. As a rule, submergence should be at least equal to
2. The clearance between the pump’s centerline to all adja- or greater than the pump’s NPSHR at the design flow rate.
cent walls (B) of the sump and adjacent units should be equal Surface vortex formations are generally less with increased
to approximately 1.00 of the pump’s inlet bell diameter (D) or submergence over the pump suction. However, in cases with
(1.0D) with an allowable range of 0.85D to 1.5D. If possible, WATER WORKS continues on page 48

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  47

WATER WORKS from page 47
limited submergence, using inlet baffling, cross bars on the
pump inlet or screen, or a flow inducer plate on the pump col-
umn may be indicated to lessen the potential of vortex forma-
tion or break up pump-induced vortexes once they occur.
5. The minimum area of flow for a sump inlet cell width
(W) by the normal operating depth of water or equivalent
pipe diameter area should be equal to two times the inlet bell
diameter (2.0D) with an allowable range of 1.5 to 2.5 times
the bell diameter. A circular sump (Figure 2) should possess a
minimum diameter ratio of 2.0 × (D).
6. Pump inlet (Vd) velocity should be limited to 2–3.5
FPS at the design flow but no more than 5 FPS under all flow
conditions. If the pump is to be placed inside a cylindrical can
or sump, the diameter should either match the size of the inlet
or approach pipe or centered to the sump to prevent radical
changes of flow direction that could develop into premature
flow acceleration and possible pre-rotation as the water enters
the sump or pump inlet.
7. The chart shown in Figure 3 reflects the desired ratio be-
tween submergence to inlet diameter (S/D) as well as the ap-
proach velocity into the sump, and can be used to approximate
when inlet conditions are adequate or should be modeled.
Example: For a single pump application with a maximum
design flow (Q) of 1200 GPM, an associated pump inlet or
bell diameter (D) of 12 inches and overall bowl length of
60 inches would have the following recommended sump
configuration:
1) Find inlet and approach velocity (Vs): Q in CFS:
1200 GPM/448 = 2.678 CFS
2) Find minimum sump size (diameter) = 12-inch bowl
inlet diameter × 2.0D = 24-inch minimum pump can
diameter
3) Find inlet pipe size: 2.678 CFS/1 FPS = 2.68 ft2/3.14
= √0.853 = 0.92 ft. radius × 2 =1.84 ft. × 12 = 22.17
inches Use 24 inches
4) Check corrected inlet pipe velocity: 2.678 CFS/3.14 ft2
(for 24-in. ID area) = 0.85 FPS < 1 FPS (OK)
5) Verify Vd ≤ 3.5 FPS at maximum Q: 2.678/0.7854 ft2
(12-in. bowl inlet area) = 3.41 FPS < 3.5 FPS (OK)
6) Find minimum submergence: 2(12-in.) = 24 in. + 60 in.
bowl length + (0.5)(12 in.) bowl clearance = 90 inches
from sump floor
Finally, determining the length of column and overall
pump setting will be based on the required sump depth to pro-
vide the required submergence and use of the full pond depth,
less a factor for sedimentation and any screening devices
along with an energy loss of less than 2 inches (0.167 feet)
from the water source to the sump.
Normally, limiting the maximum head loss between the
source and sump to 2 inches of head will go hand in hand with
the desired velocity as these two values are interdependent.
Depending on the specific application, raw water quality,
and shape and configuration of the pond or source, I gen-
erally use a minimum sedimentation allowance of 6 inches
between the bottom of the inlet pipe and storage body (pond
or impoundment). Therefore, if the normal water surface was
6 feet (72 inches) below ground in a 12-inch-deep pond and
48  July 2018 WWJ
Figure 4. Multiple pump configurations.
the source was 20 feet away from the sump’s intended site, the
overall minimum sump depth will be: 90 in. + (72 in. – 2 in.
hf) = 160 inches (13.33 feet).
Typically, in this case if I was planning to use a concrete
sump, I would default up to the next depth of standard lengths
of precast concrete pipe sections of 4 feet or use 4x4 sections
= 16 feet and adjust the pump setting length and inlet pipe
depth accordingly.
Depending on the specific type and size of offset inlet pipe
and related hydraulics, the invert (bottom) of the inlet pipe
projection in the pond will be: 12-inch pond depth – 0.5 feet
(allowance for pond sedimentation) = 11.5 feet. So the invert
of the inlet pipe entering the sump would then be placed at:
11.5 ft. – (20 ft.)(0.02) (for a 2% pipe slope) = 11.1 feet (use
11 feet), which places the top (crown) of the inlet pipe at:
11 feet + 2.04 feet (for a 24.5-inch OD pipe) = 13.04 feet, say
13 feet.
With a 16-foot overall sump depth, the bottom of this inlet
pipe will enter the sump with approximately 5 feet of water
depth below the invert, which provides an excellent relation-
ship of submergence to velocity for most single or multiple
pump installations.
The pump setting should be adjusted to provide 6 to 12
inches of clearance between the pump’s inlet screen to the
floor of the sump to ensure submergence while avoiding the
potential for excessive buildup of sediments on the sump
floor. As a check on the energy losses for inlet pipes ≤ 30 feet
in length (culverts), the following relationship is used (inlet
pipes greater than 30 feet in length should include adding the
head loss from the pipe itself):
Entrance loss: (0.50) V2 = (0.50) 0.852 FPS = 0.0056 ft.
64.4 64.4
Exit loss: (0.80) V2 = (0.80) 0.852 FPS = 0.0089 ft.
64.4 64.4
Total hf = 0.0056 ft. + 0.0089 ft. = 0.0145 ft. ≤ 0.167 ft. or
0.0145 ft. × 12 in. = 0.174 in. ≤ 2 inches. Either approach is
OK.
waterwelljournal.com

Figure 5. Typical multiple pump configuration—elevation view.
Even if the inlet pipe’s frictional losses were added, the
total head loss would amount to only 0.017 feet or 0.2 inches,
well below the maximum recommended value of 2 inches.
This is an example demonstrating all of these factors must
obviously be weighed together to ensure the sump is deep
enough for the intended application while maintaining ade-
quate clearance and inlet submergence.
All the above recommended minimum requirements rely
on a reasonable uniform velocity distribution in the sump bay
immediately upstream from the pump. Failure to achieve this
uniform velocity distribution could result in occurrences of
adverse flow phenomena, including possible vortex formation.
Multiple Pump Applications:
Minimum Requirements
Figure 4 will provide a few basic tenets of good sump
(wetwell) design for multiple pumps in open sumps as well as
various illustrations of sump configurations not recommended.
Typically, the information contained in this figure is ap-
plicable to a wetwell with multiple pumps with a combined
capacity of 10,000 GPM or less. Applications with greater ca-
pacity should be properly modeled and simulated through the
application of either computer or Froude models.
The design of vertical turbine or submersible pumps in an
open sump arrangement is largely based on personal prefer-
ence and local availability of wetwell material and installa-
tion procedures and limitations; pump bowl diameters and
capacities; and the planned size, depth, and geometry of the
application. Many designers prefer to use sumps with a square
or rectangular plan for pump support and suction supply as
sumps while others, including myself, prefer to use circular
corrugated steel or precast concrete wetwells for open sumps.
Not only is a circular wetwell generally easier to design
and construct, but limiting the typical lengths (rings) of pre-
cast concrete sections to 3–5 feet per section permits custom
depths of sumps to be created.
Typically, the diameter or cross-sectional dimension of a
wetwell is controlled by the number and bowl diameter of
pumps needed, factored with the required spacing between
units and the barrier wall. Unless the units are intended for
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
singular operation, adequate spacing and clearance must be
provided between each unit to avoid possible interference
during parallel operation.
In most cases under 10,000 GPM, wetwells are designed
by using the bowl or inlet diameter (D) as the controlling
factor. In cases with combined or singular unit flow rates
exceeding 10,000 GPM, minimal submergence, or unusual
sump configurations, hydraulic or computer modeling should
be used to confirm and match the best possible sump design to
the pump selection.
Figure 5 illustrates a typical wetwell design for three
pumping units using a 6- to 10-inch-diameter circular concrete
wetwell for an irrigation application.
Additional Considerations
This column has been primarily directed toward the use
of vertical turbine or centrifugal pumps in an open sump ar-
rangement. However, the relatively recent advancement of
submersible pumps warrants including them. Standard deep
well submersible pumps can be just as efficient and cost effec-
tive as a VTP or centrifugal pump in an open sump—but there
are three basic factors each designer should consider before
commitment.
1) By design and construction, the motor on a deep well
submersible pump is placed below the pump. Based
on comparable water levels required for each style of
pump, this requires a deeper overall sump or an individ-
ual pump sump than would conventionally be needed
for a VTP or centrifugal suction pipe.
The added depth must not only accommodate the
motor length, usually 4 to 5 feet, but also enough depth
to provide for sand and silt sedimentation and water to
pass alongside the motor to maintain adequate cooling.
A shroud, generally at least 2 to 4 inches in greater nom-
inal diameter, encompasses both the pump and motor
and is usually employed to route passing water down
and around the motor on the way to the pump’s inlet.
2) Submersible pump motors are designed to operate
inside of a water well where the inherent grounding
capabilities of the well provide a safe operating envi-
ronment. Use in an open sump or pump can change this
dynamic, though, as the motor is no longer grounded
from the earth’s reference ground and is more exposed
to dangerous shortages and possible electrocutions to
personnel.
Even though specifically required by the National
Electric Code (NEC), some installers still do not see the
need to provide a separate grounding conductor to the
motor on a water well installation, but it is imperative
when this type of motor is used in a sump arrangement.
Failure to extend a properly sized and fully connected
grounding conductor to the motor frame can result in a
dead short to the motor without opening the protective
fuse or circuit breaker. If the shorted motor comes into
contact with humans or animals, the resulting electri-
cal current can be enough to result in serious injury or
death.
3) Submersible pumps and motor are generally designed
to operate at 3600 RPM, which is twice the rotational
WATER WORKS continues on page 50
WWJ July 2018  49
WATER WORKS from page 49
speed of a conventional vertical turbine pump at 1800
RPM. In identical operating environments, this factor of
speed usually results in four times the wear to compo-
nents. This increased wear factor can result in frequent
repair or rebuild of running surfaces if the sump is ex-
posed to sandy or excessively silty water that has not
been adequately prescreened.
Potential Design and Construction
Issues
Although beyond the intended scope of this column, a bur-
ied sump—whether circular, rectangular, or square in plan—
will be exposed to lateral loading from the backfill soil and
any groundwater surrounding it.
Generally, a circular shape of sump will safely handle these
stresses since the well-distributed hoop strength gained from
the circular shape is uniform and predictable. However, the
system designer should always use the services of an experi-
enced geotechnical or structural engineer to verify the strength
of the intended sump layout. This is particularly true for deep
(>20 feet) sumps with surrounding groundwater or those using
corrugated steel.
Just as any groundwater around the sump will expose it to
greater lateral loads than soil alone, if the wetwell is provided
with a lower floor, typical for wastewater applications, the
potential uplift that may be created from this groundwater
surcharge must also be evaluated with preventive measures
to avoid any uplift to occur which can result in the sump pop-
ping up from the ground or the “swimming pool effect.”
Support of the pumps at the top of a wetwell varies with
the type of wetwell, horsepower, weight of pump, and degree
of protection required. Most wetwells using concrete for the
sump will also use a precast or cast-in-place concrete slab at
the top to support the pumps.
This type of design must be planned carefully to ensure ad-
equate spacing between units and the wetwell sidewalls have
been provided as well as a large enough opening at the top
slab for bowl clearance.
Sumps constructed from corrugated steel, common for ir-
rigation applications, generally use a fabricated steel support
structure to support the pumps. In this case, verify the support
structure is stiff enough and adequately bolted to and resting
on sufficient mass to resist the pump and motor vibration, but
not from the wetwell itself.
This conclude this column on using booster pumps in open
(atmospheric) sumps. The next column of The Water Works
will wrap up this series on parallel and series pumping sys-
tems with an overview on the design and application of
pressurized pump cans.
Until then, keep them pumping! WWJ
Ed Butts, PE, is the chief engineer at 4B Engineering & Consulting,
Salem, Oregon. He has more than 40 years of experience in the water
well business, specializing in engineering and business management.
He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.

Protecting groundwater
protects your livelihood.
4, 2018

Learn more at NGWA.org/PYGWD or call (800) 551-7379

or (614) 898-7791.

50  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

Industry NEWSMAKERS
NEW ADDITION
Steven Shepard has
been named director of
product management for
RIDGID in Elyria, Ohio.
In this role, Shepard will
manage the development of
new products from creative
Steven
ideas through launch; will Shepard
lead global, cross-functional
new product development teams; and de-
sign and implement a growth strategy for
RIDGID hand, tubing, and pipe fabrication
tools, including their iconic pipe wrench.
Shepard is an experienced product manager
and leader who previously drove year-over-
year net sales growth with Stanley Black &
Decker in Connecticut.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Epiroc will
make its South
Atlantic Jubilee
brand debut and
highlight its Dia-
mondback drilling
rig at the trade show, July 28-30 in Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina. Atlas Copco had
announced in January 2017 a split into
two companies in 2018: Atlas Copco,
focusing on industrial customers, and
Epiroc, focusing on mining, infrastruc-
ture, and natural resources customers.
Epiroc began operating as an indepen-
dent business in December 2017. The
Epiroc Diamondback drilling rig’s mod-
ular components—a new concept in rig
design—shorten lead time while making
it a multipurpose rig. Safety enhance-
ments include features and options such
as enlarged operator and helper stands
and catwalks that meet or exceed indus-
try safety standards.
ANNIVERSARY
2M Co. Inc., a
wholesale distributor
to the water systems,
irrigation, treatment,
retention, and waste-
water industries, is
celebrating its 40th
year in business.
It was 1978 when
Chester Majors,
founders Bill Mills Bill Mills, and Dan Ruff
and Chester Majors in June 1978.
(the two M’s behind
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
the name), along with 40-year veteran IN MEMORIAM
Dan Ruff, launched the company in Bill-
Michael E. Keen Sr.
ings, Montana, with a primary focus on
passed away on June 1. He
delivering exemplary customer service.
was 65. Keen, an engineer
The first to open its doors on Saturdays,
for Franklin Electric in
extend summer hours, offer customer trip
Lakeland, Florida, was a
promotions, and provide emergency ser-
member of the National
vice (24/7, even on holidays), 2M steadily
Ground Water Association Michael E.
grew from a small, local operation to a
as a Master Groundwater Keen Sr.
company with 15 locations across eight
Contractor. He served on
states in the Rocky Mountains, the South-
the NGWA Board of Directors, Manufac-
west, and Pacific Northwest.
turers Section Board of Directors, and vol-
2M’s leading Inventory Container
unteered on numerous committees. Keen
Program, its multiple turbine build fa-
was a veteran of the United States Air Force
cilities, and its mission to provide what
who served during the Vietnam War.
they coined “legendary service” at every
Dewey Wright Jr. passed
customer touchpoint, not only gained
away on March 12. He was
the company a loyal following, but also
62. Wright was the owner
caught the attention of Headwater Com-
of Dewey Wright Well and
panies LLC, a collective group of ground-
Pump Co. Inc. in Boone,
water distributors owned by Franklin
North Carolina, a company
Electric. 2M joined the publicly traded
Dewey Wright Jr. he had worked at since his
company in 2017.
youth. Nicknamed “Duke,”
AWARD
Wright was known for valuing his employ-
ees and treating them well. Dewey Wright
Former National
Well and Pump is a family-run business with
Ground Water
more than 50 years of experience in well
Association CEO
installation and well pump repair.
Kevin McCray,
Glenn Taubenheim, 66,
CAE, received
passed away on December
the Life Member
12, 2017. Taubenheim
Award from the
played an important part in
Ohio Society of
OSAE President the development of Sargent
Association Exec- Tom Balzer, CAE, recog-
Irrigation & Well Drilling
utives at the asso- nized OSAE Foundation
in Grant, Nebraska, and Glenn
ciation’s quarterly Immediate Past-President
Perkins County Schools for Taubenheim
meeting on May Kevin McCray, CAE, with
OSAE’s Life Member the past 40 years. In 1974
11 in Columbus,
Taubenheim began the learning curve of
Ohio. It is the high- Award.
being a water well contractor and was a
est membership
branch manager for Sargent Irrigation.
honor given by OSAE. McCray retired
as NGWA CEO on December 31, 2017,
STANDARDS
after 22 years in the position and a com-
bined 35 years of employment at NGWA. Grundfos Pumps Corp. has announced
McCray was just NGWA’s third CEO. He that all Grundfos and PACO branded
was succeeded by Terry S. Morse, CIC. products sold in the United States currently
While at NGWA, McCray was an meet or exceed the Energy Conservation
active participant in OSAE functions. He Standards for clean water pumps set forth
served on the OSAE board from 2010- by the U.S. Department of Energy. The
2015 and was instrumental in helping it new efficiency standards set forth by the
form its Foundation in 2016. He also was U.S. DOE are expected to reduce energy
an instructor at its 2016 Aspiring Leaders consumption significantly, with an esti-
Institute. He also volunteered his time at mated 25% of pumps currently sold on the
the national American Society of Asso- market not meeting the new requirements.
ciation Executives, serving as a Certified Beginning January 27, 2020, all pumps
Association Executive exam proctor and sold in the United States that are within
study group instructor. scope will be required to be labeled with a
PEI rating that meets the new standard.
WWJ July 2018  51
Featured PRODUCTS
Solinst Makes Reliable
Standpipe Piezometers
Solinst Model 601 Standpipe Pie-
zometers are reliable in their design for
placement within a drilled hole to pro-
vide a filtered inlet point. They are also
suitable for pushing into loose sands at
the base of a borehole, stream, or tail-
ings pond sediments.
With a preformed Vyon tube set
inside a perforated PVC piezometer
tip, they are excellent for metals sam-
pling and well suited for water level
monitoring. The 601 tips connect to
the surface with ¾-inch I.D. PVC riser
pipe using slip-fit couplings. Piezome-
ter tip lengths are available in sizes of
6 inches, 1 foot, 2 feet, and 3 feet.
www.solinst.com
Franklin Electric SubDrive
Utility Now Includes PSC and
Surface Pump Functionality
Franklin Electric will
unveil its SubDrive Utility
Variable Frequency Drive that
has been enhanced to include
submersible permanent split
capacitor (PSC) and surface pump func-
tionality in Booth 307 at the 2018 South
Atlantic Jubilee, July 28-30 in Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina.
The drive now turns a variety of
conventional water pumping systems
into constant pressure systems, including
2-wire submersible pumping systems
ranging from ⅓ hp up to 1½ hp, along
with 115 V and 230 V single-phase
2-wire submersible PSC, above-ground
booster, and jet pumps with overload
current ratings from 4.6 A to 13.1 A.
Current drives in the field can access
this same functionality through a simple
firmware update located in the Down-
loads section of the SubDrive Utility
product page at the company’s website.
www.franklinwater.com
AirBurst Water Well
Development Process
Environmentally Friendly
AirBurst is a
patented process
that incorporates
the patented Bolt
Technology air gun
to stimulate selected
water-producing zones within a water
well by creating beneficial vibrations
and surging actions.
A small volume of air/inert gas is
stored within the air gun and when ex-
plosively released generates a seismic
shock wave and creates high-velocity
movement of the water surrounding the
air gun. This energy release results in
removing encrusted scales, biomass,
and sedimentation from the wellbore,
screen, and geological formations.
AirBurst energy is infinitely adjust-
able without removing the air gun from
the well. Multiple bursts—several sec-
onds apart—will develop every inch of
the well structure.
www.airbursttechnology.com

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52  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com
Featured PRODUCTS
Cotey Chemical Continues ASI Produces Custom Fabricated Boart Longyear Presents
Providing Water Well Solutions and Manufactured Products New Drilling Tools
Since Boart Longyear
1949, Cotey put new drilling
Chemical products on display
Corp. has at the Expomin trade
been pro- show, April 23-27 in
ducing a full Atlantic Screen Manufacturing Inc. Santiago, Chile.
product line manufactures perforated and slotted With the theme of the show focus-
of chemical pipes available in vertical, horizontal, ing on sustainability and productivity,
solutions to and custom patterns. Boart Longyear displayed several new
develop and Since 1980, ASI has expanded from products and services that can increase
rehabilitate using strictly PVC pipe to also using safety, reduce wear, lessen environ-
water wells. CPVC, stainless steel, HDPE, and mental impact, and improve cost-
Cotey Chemical products are used polybutylene. effectiveness for exploration projects.
daily across the world in agricultural, ASI wholesales its products to Among other products, the com-
municipal, industrial, and residential distributors, consulting firms, and pany presented its line of Longyear
sectors to increase water production. industrial, commercial, and residential diamond coring bits, which are designed
If you have a recently completed consumers across the continental to improve shift performance and ulti-
well and need assistance removing United States and exports worldwide. mately put more core in the box.
mud cake or have an aging well suffer- ASI provides irrigation, landfill, Additionally, it featured the new
ing from algae, calcium scale, oil film, dewatering, monitoring, filtration, XQ wireline coring rod, which has an
bacteria, rust, or other problems, Cotey bioremediation, horizontal drilling, and innovative self-aligning thread start
Chemical has a product to meet your other well supplies. geometry to ensure mating threads
needs. engage smoothly, without wedging or
jamming.
www.coteychemical.com www.atlantic-screen.com www.boartlongyear.com

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Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  53
Featured PRODUCTS
Weil Pump Announces
New Line of Booster Systems
Weil Pump, a Wilo
Company, announces
it now offers a full line
of vertical multistage
booster pumps and
systems.
The new booster
systems combine Weil’s Programmable
Logic Controller (PLC) panels with
Wilo-Helix V pumps and are available
in 2-, 3-, or 4-pump configurations.
The multi-pump systems offer real-
time diagnostics and remote monitor-
ing with variable speed control and
balanced runtime for each pump.
The booster packages are suitable
for many applications—water supply,
pressure boosting, agriculture, wash-
ing/sprinkling systems, cooling circuits,
and condensate return.
The systems have a maximum head
of 780 feet, maximum flow of 550 GPM,
rated pressure of 232 PSI, and a liquid
temperature range of –4°F to 248°F.
weilpump.com/#findrep
Solinst Designs AquaVent
Water Level Datalogger
The Solinst
AquaVent uses
a vented pres-
sure transducer
for reliable, accurate (0.05%FS) data-
logging of water levels that are auto-
matically barometrically compensated.
The AquaVent combines pressure and
temperature sensors, and a datalogger
for up to 120,000 data sets, within a
⅞-inch × 7-inch stainless steel housing.
The AquaVent features a robust, low
maintenance design. Hydrophobic fil-
ters and permanent desiccants provide
moisture protection for the lifetime of
the instrument. Batteries are user-
replaceable and conveniently located
in the wellhead at surface. Durable,
custom-designed vented cables are
available to 500 feet.
The AquaVent datalogger communi-
cates with Solinst Levelogger Software
and accessories or uses SDI-12 or
MODBUS protocols.
www.solinst.com
Laval Underground Surveys
Provides Portable Borehole
Camera System
Laval
Under-
ground
Surveys’
SC-166
downhole
camera is designed for water wells,
boreholes, and vertical shafts as small
as 2 inches in diameter. This camera
has effective survey capabilities for
2-inch to 10-inch well diameters.
The SC-166 well camera system
comes equipped with a protective carry
case provided for storage, adjustable
centering bands, and cable head
protector.
The SC-166 will work with all R-Cam
1000 and R-Cam 1300 systems. Simply
disconnect the existing camera and use
the SC-166 for smaller-diameter holes or
monitor wells. The robust 304 stainless
steel housing is designed for rugged
applications.
www.lavalunderground.com

®
Exhibits · Workshops · Summit
Las Vegas, Nevada • December 3-6, 2018
Make your plans today to join thousands of professionals from all sectors of the industry — and
across the globe — at Groundwater Week 2018, the one event that truly encompasses being
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54  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

Featured PRODUCTS
Constant Water System Offers
Backup During Power Outages
Thirty million
homes in the United
States receive their
water from water
wells, and all these
homes suffer from
the same water well
shortfall—they lose
water when they
lose power.
Now, Constant Water LLC has de-
veloped a new product assuring water
well users will have water during a
power outage, a well pump failure, or
a water main break if on a public water
system.
Constant Water is an automatic
backup water system providing 40 to
120 gallons of fresh water, under pres-
sure, to a home or business. In the au-
tomatic mode, Constant Water senses
the loss of power and automatically
provides fresh water to every sink,
shower, tub, and toilet.
www.constantwater.com
RST Instruments’ Monitoring
Instruments Allow for Sound
Decision Making
RST Instruments Ltd. is a global
designer and manufacturer of geotech-
nical and environmental monitoring
instruments. Since 1977, customers of
RST Instruments have relied on their
reliability and accuracy to help them
make sound decisions.
With more than 150 man-years of
geotechnical instrumentation experi-
ence, RST can provide custom-
engineered solutions to site-specific
problems. When requested, in-depth
technical support is provided, and
all related staff members are always
available to work with clients until a
solution is found to meet their project
requirements.
www.rstinstruments.com
Phase Technologies Develops
Voltage-Doubling, Phase-
Converting VFDs
Phase Technologies has developed
a unique voltage-
doubling and
phase-converting
VFD—the
2XD Series that
converts 240V
single-phase to
480V three-phase.
Specifically designed for pumping
applications, it has all the desirable
features of a variable-frequency drive
with an easy to use interface. Now the
cost savings of a 480V three-phase
motor can be realized along with the
benefits of a VFD.
Benefits include: double input
voltage—240 single phase to 480
three phase—without a transformer;
significant cost savings by being able
to reduce the wire size of long motor
leads; and an integrated sine wave
filter option (up to 15,000 feet).
www.phasetechnologies.com

THIS IS BIG
NGWA Offers Best-in-Class
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for ALL Groundwater Professionals
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Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  55

 Coming EVENTS
July 2018
28-30. South Atlantic Jubilee Myrtle Beach,
South Carolina. www.jubileewatershow.com
August 2018
14. PFAS in Groundwater Workshop: The Professional’s
Charge St. Paul, Minnesota. (800) 551-7379,
fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@ngwa.org,
www.NGWA.org/Events-Education
26-31. World Water Week www.worldwaterweek.org
September 2018
4. Protect Your Groundwater Day (800) 551-7379,
fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@ngwa.org,
www.NGWA.org/PYGWD
4. Tanzania: The Challenge of Developing Water Well
Source Supplies (online brown bag session).
(800) 551-7379, fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@
ngwa.org, www.NGWA.org/Events-Education
25-26. Groundwater and Weather Extremes: Dealing
with Floods, Droughts, and Stormwater Management
(workshop). San Antonio, Texas. (800) 551-7379,
fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@ngwa.org,
www.NGWA.org/Weather
This is one reference book
October 2018
2-3. Groundwater and Agriculture: Meeting the
Demands While Protecting Resources (workshop).
Cedar Rapids, Iowa. (800) 551-7379, fax (614) 898-7786,
customerservice@ngwa.org, www.NGWA.org/Agriculture
3-6. 2018 Geofluid Drilling & Foundations Piacenza, Italy.
www.geofluid.it
10. Imagine a Day Without Water
www.imagineadaywithoutwater.org
14-20. Earth Science Week www.earthsciweek.org
19-20. South Carolina Ground Water Association Fall
Meeting Beach Blast North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
(803) 356-6809, scgwa@sc.rr.com, www.scgwa.org
29-November 1. Fracture Trace and Lineament Analysis:
Application to Groundwater Characterization and
Protection (short course). State College, Pennsylvania.
(800) 551-7379, fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@
ngwa.org, www.NGWA.org/Events-Education
November 2018
1-2. Indiana Ground Water Association 2018 Biennial
Convention Michigan City, Indiana. ingroundwater@gmail.com
McELLHINEY
4-7. Emerging Leaders Alliance Conference
(800) 551-7379, fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@
ngwa.org, www.NGWA.org

no one should be without! December 2018

Regardless of whether you’re new
to the groundwater industry or an
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the reference book you will turn to
time and again. The third edition of
this comprehensive 800-plus-page
volume deals with:
• All things related to the
design, installation,
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• Horizontal drilling
• Well development
Catalog #T017 • Groundwater monitoring
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Nonmember price $150.00 • And everything in between.
Order your copy today.
3-6. Groundwater Week 2018 Las Vegas, Nevada.
(800) 551-7379, fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@
ngwa.org, www.GroundwaterWeek.com DARCY, McELLHINEY
6-7. Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions: Field and
Mathematical Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater
Seepage (short course). Las Vegas, Nevada. (800) 551-7379,
fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@ngwa.org,
www.NGWA.org/Events-Education
6-7. Introduction to Groundwater Geochemistry Reaction
Modeling (short course). Las Vegas, Nevada. (800) 551-7379,
fax (614) 898-7786, customerservice@ngwa.org,
www.NGWA.org/Events-Education
*Event titles in red are National Ground Water Association events.
*Events ending with DARCY are events where the NGWA Foundation’s
Darcy Lecture will be presented.
*Events ending with McELLHINEY are events where the NGWA
Foundation’s McEllhiney Lecture will be presented.

7791 NGWA.org/Bookstore
(800) 551-7379 • (614) 898-7791

56  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

 is looking . . .
. . . for a few good pictures!
Do you have any high-quality color photos
that depict water well or pump work?
Photos of any step in the design and
installation of a water system are
welcomed. The selected photos will appear
on the covers of upcoming issues of WWJ.
Look through your files and mail in your
best photos today!

Name __________________________________________________________________________
Company name __________________________________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________________________
City, State, Zip ___________________________________________________________________
Phone __________________________________________________________________________
Fax ____________________________________________________________________________
Email __________________________________________________________________________
Enclosed you’ll find ______ photos for Water Well Journal. I understand that these photos become
the property of the Water Well Journal, and will not be returned. If any photo is selected for use on
a WWJ cover, I further understand that I will be paid $250 and my photo credit will appear on the
issue’s contents page.
Signed _________________________________________________________________________

NGWA
Date ___________________________________________________________________________ SM

Instructions: Mail to WWJ Photos, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081-8978.

Please enclose glossy prints, slides, or send high-resolution digital photos to tplumley@ngwa.org. The Groundwater
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Please include a description of the activity taking place in the photo.
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of Cable Geoprobe® Tooling & Supplies (800) 337-0163
Drilling Tools Fax: (936) 336-6212
800-272-7886 Email: StandardManufacturing
@yahoo.com
Website: www.standardmfg.com
Dealers Wanted
Geoprobe® Rentals (420M, 6712DT, 7822DT)
PrePacked Well Screens
Injection Tooling
Vapor Sampling 1 – 16 Elevators
Manholes (H20, M-306, Aircraft Rated)
Morrison Bros. Co.® All steel with safety latch.
Johnson Screens®
Proactive Pumps® SEMCO of Lamar
Carbide Button Bits 800-541-1562
Cable Drilling & Fishing Tools 888-240-4328 609-631-8939
Fax 719-336-2402
(fax) 609-631-0993 ectmfg.com
www.RAMPPCO.com proactivepumps.com torquerplug.com Credit Cards Accepted

58  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

 60 DOWN HOLE INSPECTION 76 ELEVATORS

J&K Tool Company, Inc.

· Kwik Klamps
· PVC Pipe
Elevators

· Heavy Duty PVC Elevators

· Flush Joint PVC Pipe Clamps
www.jktool.com · 320-563-4967 · sales@jktool.com

104 HYDRO-FRAC 76 ELEVATORS

Flatwater Fleet Frac Pipe 1" dia; stainless
steel 15 each 10' lengths for total of 150';
used 5X for groundwater purging only; 3
adapters included 2" and 1⅟2". $1,200 FOB
San Diego. Will deliver to your freight
carrier. (760) 717-4642. Watertech1230@
gmail.com for photos.

105 INJECTION PUMPS

Du-All Injection Pump

Fred’s Water Service Inc.
Pumping Capabilities
2.125” x 3”
Drilling Fluids
Solvents
Foams
Slurries

Up to 500 PSI 0 to 12 GPM

All Du-All Parts & Pumps In Stock
Overnight Shipping Available
Parts and Service Available for
Most Brands of Injection Pumps
Call or Email for More Information

2638 Townline Rd., Madison, OH 44057

ph:(440)259-5436 fax:(440)259-4795
fred@fwservice.com
www.fwservice.com

135 RIGS

Award-Winning
Patented Technology
SONIC DRILL CORPORATION
Suite 190#120, 119 N. Commercial St.
Bellingham, WA 98225
www.sonic-drill.com 1-604-588-6081

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  59

71 DRILLING EQUIPMENT 125 PUMP HOISTS
BASIC PUMP HOISTS S30,000 Pump Hoist, 120,000# 4L cap, 40
STARTING AT: telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 100 gal.
oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro
S,4000 Pump Hoist, 8,000# cap, 35 tele- controls and variable speed engine control
scoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $117,315
5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable
S35,000 Pump Hoist, 140,000# 4L cap, 40
speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . $18,975
telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 100 gal.
S6,000 Pump Hoist, 16,000# 3L cap, 35 oil tank, hydro pump, 22T safety hook, hydro
telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro controls and variable speed engine control
pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $139,750
variable speed engine control . . . . . $21,725
S8,000 Pump Hoist, 22,000# 3L cap 36 Equipment in Stock
telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro
pump, 7T safety hook, hydro controls and S6,000 SEMCO, 35′ derrick, 2 spd winch,
variable speed engine control . . . . .$27,775 22HP deck engine, RC, 2-PR, aux hydro valve,
LED LK, serv body w/RL, 2015 Dodge 3500,
S10,000 Pump Hoist, 30,000# 3L cap 40
4x4, gas, auto, white…………………. $78,945
telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro
pump, 7T safety hook, hydro controls and S6,000 SEMCO, 35′ derrick, 2 spd winch,
WATER WELL variable speed engine control . . . . .$39,325 PTO DMP, RC, 2-PR, LED LK, 2-96 TB,
11′ Flatbed, 2011 Dodge 3500, 4x4, diesel,
GEOTECHNICAL
S12,000 Pump Hoist, 48,000# 4L cap, 44
telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 72 gal. manual, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57,805
GEOTHERMAL oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro
S12,000H SEMCO, 48′ derrick, 2 spd winch,
CONSTRUCTION controls and variable speed engine control
HS PTO, Sand Reel, OC, 2-aux, LED LK,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$43,865
PTH, 2-96 TB, 18′ FB, 2012 Freightliner M2,
S15,000 Pump Hoist, 60,000# 4L cap, 48 white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,410
telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 72 gal.
oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro S25,000 SEMCO, 50′ derrick, 2 spd winch, PTO
controls and variable speed engine control DMP, Sand Reel, OC, aux hydro valve, CH,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $54,325 BCO, power arm, LED LK, PTH, 2-96 TB, 16′
FB, 2010 International 4400, red . . . . . $174,286
S20,000 Pump Hoist, 80,000# 4L cap, 40
NEW telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 72 gal.
oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro
SEMCO Inc.
USED controls and variable speed engine control
P.O. Box 1216
REFURBISHED
7595 U.S. Highway 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$71,665
Lamar, CO 81052
REPAIRS S25,000 Pump Hoist, 100,000# 4L cap, 40
(719) 336-9006 / (800) 541-1562
TRADE-INS
telescoping mast, 6000# tailout line, 100 gal.
Fax (719) 336-2402
oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro
controls and variable speed engine control semcopumphoist@yahoo.com
The most powerful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $99,875 www.SEMCOoflamar.com
See our ad on page 28.
2800 ever!
80 EMPLOYMENT
Air Rotary
Water Well Driller
Employment
SIMCO Opportunity
DRILLING EQUIPMENT, INC. in WA State.
We are an established Drilling and Pump
WWW.SIMCODRILL.COM Company looking for a safety conscious,
1-800-338-9925 hard working driller that is self motivated
and drug free. We are very backlogged,
maintain newer equipment, and prefer
Join us on Facebook
to get alerts on used rigs someone that is looking for long term em-
ployment. We offer competitive wages,
3% matching 401K, Medical and Dental
Benefits, Vacations, paid CEU’s and more.
Relocation assistance is available. Send
resumé to info@tumwaterdrilling.com.

60  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com

 The BreezeAeration
Made Simpler!

133 RIG PARTS

133 RIG PARTS WEST

Enid Drill Systems Inc

www.eniddrill.com
580-234-5971
Fax 580-234-5980
(435) 259-7281

4510 E Market,


New rigs—custom
Quality designs
rig repair service We Buy, Sell & Trade


!
 
! 






Enid, OK 

Quality
New and rigused
repair service needs
equipment 

!

73701
USA 

New and used
“Transfer equipment needs
of Technology” - the Used Drilling Equipment

“Transfer
must haveofbook
Technology” - the
for all drillers!
must have book for all drillers!

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ January 2017  55

176 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT

2009 GEFCO SS40T: CAT C9..$768K

20041 Pulstar P10,000: GMC..$55K

2010 Triflo MFS3000,Trlr Mtd.$52K

Sullair 1150/500, 1350/250...$67K

SWITCH EVERYTHING
FLOW
Flow Level LEVEL
CONTROLLERS
Ideal 7 1/4x15 Duplex Pump..$38K
Browse Our Entire Inventory
HARWIL
®

BeemanEquipmentSales.com
est 1956
WIRELESS
HARWIL.COM (805) 988-6800 sales@harwil.com

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  61

 174 WANTED 184 WELL PACKERS
WELL SCREENS 116 MUD SYSTEMS
WANTED TO BUY FOR EXPORT
ATLAS COPCO / INGERSOLL-RAND DRILL
DM30E, DM45E, DML, T3W, T4W, T5W, RD10, RD20
DRILTECH DRILL T25K, D40K, T40K, DH1, DH2
WE WANT SURPLUS SPARE PARTS,
PIPES FOR ABOVE DRILLS
TEL 818-956-5231 FAX 818-244-3723
www.pacificcranes.com

180 WATER TRUCKS Mud

Cleaner

Sand
Guzzler • Custom Built Packers
Building & Gaining Trust by Manufacturing For Any Application
Quality Flattanks, Serving the Water Well
Drilling, Mining, Mineral Explorations,
PRODUCTS • Competitive Prices

Inflatable
Geothermal, Directional Boring, and Sonic
TetraGrene
Drilling Industries, we offer your company the
satisfaction of a job well done. Check out our

Well P ackers
website for more information on our products.
442.242.7507 | sales@tibban.com
Call (406) 466-2146 or
MudPuppyInfo.com
(406) 544-5914
2012 367 Peterbilt 550HP Cum-
mings ISX15, 62,033 miles 18 speed
1-800-452-4902 • www.lansas.com
Manufactured by Vanderlans & Sons 1320 S. Sacramento St. • Lodi, CA 95240 • 209-334-4115 • Fax 209-339-8260
transmission, 20k front 46k rears,
79,500GVW-New Flattanks 22 long
deck space, 2800 gallons-New IMT 178 WATER TREATMENT
178 WATER TREATMENT
7500 wireless radio remote crane.

The Bree[e
for sulfur and iron problems
• No Pressure Switch Wiring
• No Flow Switch
• No Over or Under-Aerating
2006 International 7600-422,322 • No Leaky Vents
miles. 18k front 46k rears. Cat C13 • Outstanding Value
Acert 430hp. RTO 16908LL 10-spd.
4 way lockers, Chalmers rubber The BreezeAeration
spring suspension. New 2100 gallons Made Simpler!
Flattanks 21 long deck space.
3 RIG PARTS

Drill Systems Inc

ww.eniddrill.com
580-234-5971
ax 580-234-5980
Lots of Information, Pictures, and Specs
on our website.
Wedesigns used Drilling Rigs, Pump
also have 

!
 
! 


ys—custom
rig repair service
Hoists, & used Flattanks Support Trucks. 



rigused
nd repair service needs
equipment 

!

www.northwestflattanks.com
d used
fer equipment needs
of Technology” - the
er ofbook
ave Technology” - the
for all drillers!
ave book for all drillers!
62  July 2018 WWJ waterwelljournal.com
 186 WELL SCREENS

For more than 30 years we have been

manufacturing world class water well
drilling and irrigaaon products!
From PVC screens and filters to
Shale Traps and risers, we have focused
on your needs with innovaave ideas
and top quality products.

American Owned and Operated

Made in

184 WELL PACKERS

®
BASKI, Inc.
Medium Duty Packers
Pitless Units
129 PUMPS

Hydrofracture Packers
ASR Flow Control Valves
Manufactured in Denver CO USA

+1-303-789-1200
1-800-55Baski
www.baski.com info@baski.com
35 sizes of Packers/Frackers™ in stock
Custom sizes for all applications
Field tested for long term use

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  63

 80 EMPLOYMENT
Sales / Project Manager
Municipal Well & Pump is a leading
Midwestern contractor for municipal and
industrial water systems.
We currently have an opening for an
experienced Salesman / Project Manager
for our northern Illinois sales territory.
The successful candidate will have
a broad knowledge of water wells and
pumps for municipal, industrial, and
irrigation applications. Past experience
in the industry is required. The ability
to troubleshoot client problems on site is
a definite plus. Sales experience and a
college degree are preferred.
The position pays a very competitive
salary plus commission, year-end profit-
ability bonus, and also includes a com-
pany vehicle.
MWP offers a full benefit package
including health, dental, disability, profit
sharing, and 401k. Please send resume to:
Municipal Well & Pump
1212 Storbeck Drive
Waupun, WI 53963
920-324-3400
Email: jobs@municipalwellandpump.com
Equal Opportunity Employer
106 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES
BACKYARD WATER HYDRANTS
• mounts directly on top of your
drilled well
• acts as a well cap and a fully
functional water hydrant
• meets environment standards
• patent pending
• made in North America
Contact: John or Kyle for more
information and pricing
1-844-212-8515
email: backyardwaterhydrantcompany
@gmail.com
Visit our website:
www.backyardwaterhydrant.com
64  July 2018 WWJ
135 RIGS
2007 Schramm 130, SN J1300186, with rod launcher, many extras $800,000.
2004 Schramm 130, SN J1300018, 4843 hours, 8000 miles, non-tilt head,
model 1350/350 – 1150/500 Sullair, $450,000. 2008 Schramm Trailer
Mounted Drill Rig Model T200XD, Detroit DDC/MTU 12V-2000TA
DDEC Diesel Engine, Rig Top Drive Rebuild & Unit Re-Hosed by Schramm
at 9,830 hrs., New Top Head Cables at 10,377 hrs., CMX Rotation Valves at
10,612 hrs., (4) Top Drive Motors at 11,497 hrs., CMX Lift Valves at 11,590
hrs., Current Engine Hours 10,132 (est.) Please contact Alan Lang,
801-554-2419, for price and additional information.
STOLEN DRILL RIG!!
129 PUMPS
S S
T T
O O
L 50 COREL DRILLING
E E
N N
BLY LM230 Wire Line
1990 SpeedStar SS25K drilling rig,
New BLY PQ Chuck
tophead drive, mtd. on 1990 Int’l
VT100 w/Cummins 400, 10-spd. trans.
Call Alan Lang 801-554-2419
TRUCK VIN #44KHM6488LWZ17237
If anyone has any information please
call: 818-956-5231 or visit:
www.pacificcranes.com
You may also contact: Put your company’s
Crime Prevention Program
@ 800-432-7257 ext. 823
message here!
Classified advertising is a great way
to reach the water well industry.
Call Sales to make arrangements at
1-800-551-7379 ext 5.
71 DRILLING EQUIPMENT
THE FIRST PNEUMATIC DIVERTER
1 FREE SYSTEM IN THE INDUSTRY
Split Rubber w/
First Order! Our Divertech System is a compact,
easy-to-install accessory for diverting
cuttings away from the drill rig.
• NO MORE SHOVELING
• SEALS DIRECTLY TO THE GROUND
• NO CASING NEEDED
• SAVES TIME AND MONEY
• ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
By: Washington Rotating
724-228-8889, ext. 113
www.washingtonrotating.com
mmoyar@washingtonrotating.com
waterwelljournal.com
 112 MISCELLANEOUS
www.aquapump.com
Aqua Pump is proud to carry
a line of Life: H2O Required
apparel. $5.00 of every item sold
will be donated to the cause.
128 PUMP PULLERS
Jubilee booth #1707
139 SLOTTING MACHINES
J&K Tool Company, Inc.
We design & manufacture:
 PVC Screen Slotting Machines
 PVC Pipe Threading Machines
 Vertical Slotting Machines
 Perforating/Hole Drilling Machines
Made in USA.
High quality, affordable, easy to
operate automated machines.
www.jktool.com
320-563-4967 · sales@jktool.com
Twitter @WaterWellJournl
187 WELL PLUGS
Thank you,
The Nigro Family
106
106 INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES
Heat Shrink
from B&B Wholesale
“We are the heat shrink people”
- Heat shrink kits for #14 to 4/0 wire
- Volume pricing
- Custom kits made to order
- Private labeling available
- Quick shipping
- Four types of heat shrink tubing
in stock
- Large selection of installation
accessories including pressure
160 TRUCKS gauges, tapes, valves and tank
fittings packages
30-Freightliner Trucks 66, Supplying “Made in USA” heat
60 Series Detroit, HT740, shrink tubing to pump and well
Allison Trans., Rockwell Axle, installers since 1994.
68KGVW, 315/80 R22.5 Michelin, 315-622-5957
Low Miles
SEMCO, Inc.
Phone (800) 541-1562 75 ELECTRIC MOTORS
EQUIPMENT WANTED: Electric mo-
tors wanted. Vertical hollow shaft pump
motors. 20 to 500 hp good or bad, will pick
up. PH: (800) 541-1562.
WWJ July 2018  65
Index of ADVERTISERS
AERATION EQUIPMENT
AND SYSTEMS
Better Water Industries
www.betterwaterind.com
AIR STRIPPERS
Better Water Industries
www.betterwaterind.com
BENTONITE GROUT
Wyo-Ben
www.wyoben.com
BENTONITE PELLETS/TABLETS
Wyo-Ben 26
www.wyoben.com
DISINFECTION EQUIPMENT
Better Water Industries
www.betterwaterind.com
DOWN-THE-HOLE CAMERAS
Laval Underground Surveys
www.lavalunderground.com
DRILLING FLUIDS
Wyo-Ben
www.wyoben.com
DRILLS, ROTARY
Foremost Industries
(800) 661-9190
FLOW MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
Better Water Industries
www.betterwaterind.com
GRAVEL
Pioneer Sands
www.premiersilica.com
GROUTS/SEALANTS
Wyo-Ben
www.wyoben.com
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT
SEMCO
www.semcooflamar.com
MOTORS, JET PUMP
A.Y. McDonald
www.aymcdonald.com
MOTORS, SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
A.Y. McDonald
www.aymcdonald.com
MUD SYSTEMS
Mud Puppy
www.tibban.com
NATIONAL GROUND WATER
ASSOCIATION
NGWA/Bookstore 43, 56
www.ngwa.org/Bookstore
NGWA/Career Center
www.ngwa.org/CareerCenter
NGWA/Certification 31
www.ngwa.org/Certification
66  July 2018 WWJ
NGWA/Groundwater Week PUMPS, SUBMERSIBLE/IRRIGATION
2018 54 A.Y. McDonald 7
43 www.GroundwaterWeek.com www.aymcdonald.com
NGWA/Insurance Programs 55 C.R.I. Fluid Systems OBC
www.ngwa.org/membership www.crigroups.us
43
NGWA/Membership 11 Weber Industries 15
www.ngwa.org/Membership www.webtrol.com
Wolf Pumps IBC
26 NGWA/Online Buyers Guide 52
buyersguide.ngwa.org www.wolfpumps.com
NGWA/Protect Your PUMPS, SUBMERSIBLE/RESIDENTIAL
A.Y. McDonald 7
Groundwater Day 50
www.NGWA.org/PYGWD www.aymcdonald.com
PIPE FITTINGS, BRASS C.R.I. Fluid Systems OBC
www.crigroups.us
A.Y. McDonald 7
43 www.aymcdonald.com Flint & Walling 21
www.flintandwalling.com
PITLESS ADAPTERS
Efficiency Production 35 Franklin Electric 5
45 www.efficiencyproduction.com www.franklin-electric.com
POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES Headwater Companies 13
www.headwaterco.com
Wyo-Ben 26
26 www.wyoben.com Weber Industries 15
PRESSURE SENSORS www.webtrol.com
Telemecanique Sensors 1 Xylem/Goulds
18 www.tesensors.com/us Water Technology 27
PUMPS, BOOSTER www.goulds.com
A.Y. McDonald 7 PUMPS, SUMP, VERTICAL TURBINE
43 www.aymcdonald.com A.Y. McDonald 7
Baker Manufacturing, www.aymcdonald.com
Water Systems Division 9 Weber Industries 15
67 www.webtrol.com
www.bakermfg.com
PUMPS, CENTRIFUGAL QUALITY, DISINFECTION EQUIPMENT
A.Y. McDonald 7 Better Water Industries 43
26 www.betterwaterind.com
www.aymcdonald.com
Weber Industries 15 REHABILITATION EQUIPMENT
www.webtrol.com Cotey Chemical 53
28
PUMPS, CONSTANT PRESSURE www.coteychemical.com
Weber Industries 15 RIGS, AUGER
www.webtrol.com GEFCO/King Oil Tools 14
7
PUMPS, HIGH PRESSURE www.gefco.com
Weber Industries 15 RIGS, SONIC DRILL
www.webtrol.com Sonic Drill 53
7
PUMPS, JET www.sonic-drill.com
A.Y. McDonald 7 ROTARY TOOLS
www.aymcdonald.com Star Iron Works 22
IFC
Weber Industries 15 www.starironworks.com
www.webtrol.com SAFETY, TRENCH SHORING
PUMPS, SUBMERSIBLE/INDUSTRIAL Efficiency Production 35
A.Y. McDonald 7 www.efficiencyproduction.com
www.aymcdonald.com SUPPLIER, WEST REGION
67 C.R.I. Fluid Systems OBC Beeman Equipment Sales 61
www.crigroups.us www.beemanequipmentsales.com
Weber Industries 15 TANK TEES
www.webtrol.com A.Y. McDonald 7
www.aymcdonald.com
waterwelljournal.com
TANKS, DIAPHRAGM
A.Y. McDonald 7
www.aymcdonald.com
TREATMENT, ARSENIC REMOVAL
Better Water Industries 43
www.betterwaterind.com
TREATMENT, SYSTEMS
Better Water Industries 43
www.betterwaterind.com
VALVES, BALL
A.Y. McDonald 7
www.aymcdonald.com
VALVES, CHECK
A.Y. McDonald 7
www.aymcdonald.com
VALVES, FLOW REGULATING
3R Valve 16
www.3rvalve.com
VALVES, RELIEF
A.Y. McDonald 7
www.aymcdonald.com
YARD HYDRANTS
Woodford Mfg. 17
www.woodfordmfg.com/woodford

Looking for qualified employees?

Looking for the right job?
Look to the NGWA Career Center!

NGWA.org/CareerCenter
Employers:
• Quickly and easily post job openings
• Search resumes of qualiÿed candidates
• Receive a discount if you’re an NGWA member.

Job seekers:
• Post your resume anonymously
• Access hundreds of job openings and sign up
for job alerts
• Take advantage of a host of resources.

NGWA
The Groundwater
Association
®

Twitter @WaterWellJournl WWJ July 2018  67

PUNCH LIST
Most well problems can be somewhat easily
assessed and resolved using common testing
and evaluation practices. However, the more
difficult issues require a more detailed search
and examination—well forensics.
Roger Miller
in “Well Forensics”, page 23
Outsourcing human resources functions
can reduce your administrative workload
and free up your time so you can focus
on your business objectives.
Alexandra Walsh
in “Outsourcing HR for Small Businesses”, page 44
Each day, about 2000 U.S. workers
sustain a job-related eye injury requiring
medical treatment. About one-third of the
injuries are serious enough to be treated
in hospital emergency rooms.
Alexandra Walsh
in “Eye Safety on the Job”, page 32
If this industry is going to survive, we must be
willing to help others who are seeking help or
having problems. This industry is loaded with
people with experience and great ideas that
will make this industry easier to navigate.
Gary Shawver, MGWC
in “No Man Is an Island”, page 34
68  July 2018 WWJ
Recruiting and training the
next generation of employees
in this information technology
world is critical. Our success
is dictated by the trained
and motivated employees
servicing our customers.
Steve Chisholm, CPI
in “WWJ Closeup”, page 10
“It provides an objective
process for establishing a wide
variety of things. Wells are 12 to
20 inches in diameter and can be
2000 feet deep. We want to try
to avoid the voodoo factor,
and cameras provide us with
an objective technology.”
Christopher S. Johnson, PG, Chg
in “Maximizing Your ROI”, page 29
The August issue of Water Well Journal
focuses on green technology. Look for
multiple feature articles on the subject.
waterwelljournal.com
RIGHT PUMP. RIGHT NOW.™

Wolf is a family-owned, American company, born in the most abrasive,

deep well water conditions of west Texas, delivering durable,
custom pump solutions when and where you need them.

Wolf Pumps delivers:

• American-built, tested tough products
• Customized, precision pump solutions
• Personal attention and quick shipping
• A 65-year reputation of excellence
That’s the right solution, right when you need it.

To find the right pump for your application,

see our Sizing Tool at WolfPumps.com,
call (800) 886-2606
or email info@WolfPumps.com
Right Pump. Right Now. ™

Wolf Pumps • PO Box 490, 18014 N. I-27 Hwy • Abernathy, TX 79311 • WolfPumps.com
© 2018 Wolf Customized Pumps. All rights reserved. Wolf Customized Pumps asserts trademark and copyright rights in “Right Pump. Right Now.” the Wolf logo and the silhouette image device.