An Architectural Thesis for a Mixed-Use Development in Angeles City

1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
1.1.1 INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND
Looking at the recent year-on-year numbers of regional growth, from industries to

employment and infrastructure, it is undeniable that Angeles City is consistently paving
the way for development. The proponents come up with a concept of compact development
with more green and open spaces that will foster social harmony. This project offers an
effective solution that both social and economic epicenter will benefit architecturally. It
can minimize such problems such as noise and air pollution, the travel time cost, including
negative automobile dependency.
Though, vertical development meets essential needs for housing, recreation, health
care, and other related facilities, optimizing the efficiency for the community. Mixed-use
development is a type of urban development that combines residential, commercial,
institutional, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated as one that
links the community through pedestrian connections.
Angeles City, located in Pampanga, a strategic location for business growth. It is

bordered by Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San Fernando to the southeast,
Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest is served by the Clark International
Airport.
HISTORY OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
The term ‘Mixed-used Development’ refers to a plan that comprises a mixture of land
uses or more than just a single-use. In terms of planning permissions, mixed-use refers to
land or buildings that are combined with different uses which fall into more than one user
class.
COCHON-MENDOZA-PAVICO
2
Mixed-Used Developments can be ‘vertical’, in which a single building accommodates

multiple users. Alternatively, several developers are constructing ‘horizontal’
developments wherein a range of different buildings on the same site each fulfill a specific
purpose, such as a community area that is developed in this horizontal development pattern
declined during industrialization in favor of large scale separation of manufacturing and
residency of single-function buildings. This period saw a massive migration of people from
rural areas to cities drawn by work in such factories, associated businesses, and
bureaucracies that grew up around them.
TYPES OF MIXED-USED DEVELOPMENT ZONING
❖ Neighborhood commercial zoning – convenience goods and services, such

as convenience stores, permitted in otherwise strictly residential areas
❖ Main Street residential/commercial – two to three-story buildings with residential

units above and commercial units on the ground floor facing the street
❖ Urban residential/commercial – multi-story residential buildings with commercial

and civic uses on ground floor
❖ Office convenience – office buildings with small retail and service uses oriented to
the office workers
❖ Office/residential – multi-family residential units within office building(s)
❖ Shopping mall conversion – residential and/or office units added (adjacent) to an

existing standalone shopping mall
❖ Hotel/residence – mix hotel space and high-end multi-family residential
3
BENEFITS OF MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT:
Greater housing variety and density with more affordable housing. It reduces
distances between housing, workplace, retail businesses, and other amenities and
destinations.
The goal is to enhance social relation within homeowners and develop strong
neighborhood character that will provide the users with a sense of place wherein they
belong. This project proposal will lessen traffic congestion through the promotion of a
walkable, bike-able environment that will positively affect their lifestyle and it may
improve accessibility via transit, reduce transportation cost and eliminate negative vehicle
dependency that cause pollution.
1.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Main Problems:
❖ Land Scarcity
❖ Traffic congestion due to increasing population
❖ Lacking in hotel accommodation and poor hotel services
❖ Insufficient shelter, places for work, recreational facilities
❖ The rapid inflation of economic growth
Sub Problems:
❖ Noise and Air Pollution

❖ Most of the structure's lack of green/landscape design and open spaces.
❖ Environmental destruction.
Inadequate plan of urban development is often cited as the primary cause of traffic
congestion and land scarcity in the Philippines, but even a simple analysis shows that
infrastructure should not be blamed entirely for the problem. Reducing energy use in
buildings is one of the most important ways to reduce humans’ overall environmental
4
impact. Buildings are the third biggest source of carbon dioxide in the world due to
electricity consumption, after fossil fuel industries and the transport sector.
As Angeles, City moves towards this upward trend, the interests of both local and
foreign investors will continue to peak, uplifting not only people to migrate, but also for
knowledge transfer and other technologies that may help in expanding Angeles’ economic
growth.
Most often people in the community choose mixed-use development for some
reasons, without considering that it as an excellent way to incorporate a mixture of housing
types on a small scale while maximizing its potential.
1.1.3 ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOAL/ OBJECTIVES AND

STRATEGIES
“To create a world class accommodation beyond your expectation and a place to live,
work, and commune with nature especially a structure that have safer and comfortable
environment.”
GENERAL GOALS:
❖ Avoiding land scarcity, to improve maximization of the lot.
❖ To reduce the traffic congestion in the city.
❖ To design a convenient, relaxing, satisfying and aesthetically pleasing suites.
❖ Create a structure exemplifies a new urban mid-rise typology where one can
experience the human condition as it is meant to be and full of life.
❖ Accommodate office, residential and retail functions and goal to rated under the
LEED Green Building Certification.
❖ Encourage economic investment and Increases revenues.
5
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVE 01
To design a convenient, relaxing, satisfying and aesthetically pleasing lodging and
entertainment facilities that cater the comfort needs of residents and tourist.
STRATEGIES
❖ Determining lodging and entertainment facilities scope, requirements and
activities that is needed to provide.
❖ Determine the classification of technology necessary in improving the services of
activities and facilities.
OBJECTIVE 02
To incorporate sustainable building designs and green building systems that will provide
occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption, and improve the life cycle of utilities.
STRATEGIES
❖ Implementing technologies that are ecologically friendly and sustain the needs of
the development all at the same time.
❖ Proper consideration the sun and wind orientation to provide the proper layout
and allocation of spaces.
OBJECTIVE 03
To create jobs and generate income for the people and nearby communities.
STRATEGIES
❖ Commercial establishment will be created within the building.
❖ By creating a mixed use development.
6
OBJECTIVE 04
Designing a safety environment and calamity proof building. Meaning, the design must
have secure and safe.
STRATEGIES
❖ Place more innovative security using new technology features in the design.
❖ Lessen the highly flammable materials.
OBJECTIVE 05
To provide high quality tourism facilities that will increase the tourism in the Philippines
and offer smooth link for tourist spots in Angeles to be more explored and appreciated.
STRATEGIES
❖ Take considerations of the scope and requirements provided for the proposal that
will set convenience for the project.
❖ Conducting feasibility studies and concepts of a new facilities or activities as a
new market for the tourist to gain more interest for the project or to the whole
city.
1.1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.1.4a SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to create a world-class accommodation beyond

your expectation. The scope of the proposed project is to support the existing problems of
Angeles City mainly the amount of population and tourist at the said location and the
project will cater the needs of the foreign and local guests, the current and future residents,
investors, and the tourists.
7
The structure of the proposed project contains the following features and includes relevant
subjects of the study such as:
❖ Provides a convenient, relaxing and satisfying environment for condominium

residents.
❖ Designs a world class tourist accommodation
❖ Implementations of Green/Sustainable Architecture
❖ The new trend of design of recreational and amenities
❖ Tourism industry flow, growth, issues and demands
1.1.4b LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The following topics are disregarded by the study of the proposed project:
❖ The study will not be including structural and non-architectural details.

❖ Additional information about the site. Only data that is relevant to the proposed
project.
❖ The proposed project is limited on the architectural, feasibility and basic business
management studies only. Technical details regarding programming, marketing
strategies and other non-architectural details are not covered by the said study.
❖ The further expansion of the development in the incoming years
❖ Building integrated control for energy saving.
❖ The further study of time constraint of the start and end times of each task in a
project's critical path, which is the sequence of tasks that cannot be delayed without
delaying the entire project.
❖ The further study of the detailed specification of the existing trees and plants
that were used in the chosen site.
1.1.5 PURPOSE/RELEVANCE/SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS
8
The main purpose of this study is to provide a convenient environment and also
boost the tourism in the city and country by creating a world-class lodging and deals of the
sense of living and working which reduces need for roads so people can just walk out and
prevent the loss of our greeneries which reduces pollution. A vertical community is form
to create a commercial buildings, with different tenants on different floors can work
together to achieve common sustainability goals that improve the occupants’ overall
experience.
The significance of this study in our economy and tourism is the contribution and
how to attract tourists and investors. This study aims by creating a world-class
accommodation that is less emission on pollution.
The proposed project also intends to satisfy the needs of both local and foreign
individuals, since it is a world-class building that the tourist and the community could
experience entertainment at its finest while adoring the beauty of the city through the
recreational facility and other amenities.
1.1.6 ASSUMPTION
Angeles City is the only sub-market in the entire Pampanga province that offers
luxury units as it is the home of old-rich Filipino in Pampanga. The proposed project
envisions a mixed-use development that will cater the increasing number of population,
tourist and investors within Angeles City for both local and foreign.
This mixed-use development strategically constructed particularly within

integrated community areas, not only to conserve valuable land resources, but also to
benefit the whole social and economic epicenter by bringing opportunities in many ways
and have a more efficient way of living through greater housing variety and density that
you can both use and make money from.
This project may associated with City Global Realty & Development, INC. City
Global are ultimately passionate about putting the Philippines on the map as prime vacation
9
destination to local and foreign tourists, further driving inclusive economic growth by
providing livelihood to the communities around the areas they develop.
They also believe in the perseverance of the Filipino. Our Overseas workers and
migrants work tirelessly for their families and their country; it is only right that they benefit
from the fruits of their labor. With affordable leisure properties, unit owners have a space
to relax with their families. Through income-generating models, they also earn recurring
profit that secure a bright future.
A distinctive compact development may minimize distances between housing,

workplaces, retail businesses, and other amenities without compromising the balance of
privacy and security that will promote positive social interaction, walk-ability and bike-
able environment for residents both resulting in healthy lifestyle and less transportation
cost. The proponents incorporate a transportation terminal to provide the residents and
pedestrians an easier access to their intended destination through application concerning to
the possibility of the project to shoot up internationally.
The proposed project was carefully designed to be the main central hub for this
dynamic part of Angeles City. These elements purpose were to merge with its environment
and nature through architecture.
1.1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT
Mix-Used Development – Is a type of urban development that blends residential,

commercial, cultural, institutional, where those functions are physically and functionally
integrated.
Green – Is a development concept that carefully considers social and environmental

impacts of development.
Green Building System – These are building that ensure waste is minimized at every stage
during the construction and operation of the building.
10
Site – Boundary treatment and the relationship of the development with its boundaries and
existing buildings, right of way, landscape, parking.
Traffic Congestion – Is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases, and
characterized by slower speeds longer trip times and increased vehicular queuing.
1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
ARTICLE NO. 1
Pampanga-based developer to build a retail strip within The Infinity project
June 12, 2018 | 12:01 am
PAMPANGA-BASED developer AC Beautiful Island Realty Development Corp.

(ACBI) recently launched it first project in the province, consisting of retail and
commercial spaces targeted toward employees working in the area.
In a statement issued Tuesday, ACBI said it will be developing The Shoppes at The
Infinity, a 15,600-square meter retail strip that will feature both local and global brands.
11
The project is located inside ACBI’s mixed-use development in Pampanga called The
Infinity. The 40-hectare estate covers the boundaries of Angeles and Mabalacat and is
envisioned to link Pampanga to the rest of Luzon.
“We envision The Shoppes to complement the trade and investment prowess of The
Infinity. As business and leisure are industries that now work side by side, we want to
make sure that we are offering a complete and one-stop-shop destination at par with
central business districts here and abroad,” ACBI General Manager Byron John T. Siy
was quoted as saying in a statement.
ACBI said construction for The Shoppes will start by the middle of this year, with the
first phase to be fully operational by the second quarter of 2019. It has tapped style firm
LG+V Architects to give the project a modern contemporary design.
The Pampanga-based company joins the roster of property developers seeking to take
advantage of the province’s growth prospects in the coming years.
A study released by real estate consultancy Colliers International Philippines noted that
firms should maximize Pampanga’s potential, as several infrastructure projects including
the Clark Airport Expansion, Subic-Clark Cargo Railway, and Manila to Clark Passenger
Railway are slated to improvement connectivity between Metro Manila and Pampanga.
“Colliers also encourages local players with sizeable landbank but with limited
experience in building master-planned townships to partner with national players in
developing large integrated communities. The enhancement of the country’s
infrastructure backbone should unlock land values in urban areas outside of the country’s
capital including Metro Clark,” according to Colliers. — Arra B. Francia
Source: https://www.bworldonline.com/pampanga-based-developer-to-build-a-retail-
strip-within-the-infinity-project/
12
ARTICLE NO. 2
‘Condotel’ investment 101
By: Amy R. Remo - Reporter / @amyremoINQ

Philippine Daily Inquirer / 05:38 AM March 10, 2018
It’s a simple concept that packs a punch, investment

wise.
For Edgar “Injap” Sia II, famed founder of fast food

chain Mang Inasal and now chair of DoubleDragon
Properties Corp., their own version of the increasingly
popular “condotel” concept is simple to understand,
yet a practical and efficient investment option that offers a lucrative proposition to all the
stakeholders involved.
Simplified concept
A condotel is a term coined to mean a condominium with hotel units and facilities.
It has emerged in recent years as an alternative platform for investment as it’s supposed
to be a relatively hassle-free way of making real estate assets earn for you—you buy a
unit, you sign a management contract, you let the company rent it out as a hotel room and
you wait for your share of the rental income.
This is the same concept being applied to the Hotel 101 brand of Hotel of Asia Inc., the
hospitality arm of DoubleDragon—but further simplified.
“We studied the condotel concept prior to building Hotel 101 Manila. (We found that)
some concepts (being implemented) are complicated because in some cases, it’s optional,
which may not be sustainable because there won’t be enough scale or volume,” Sia
explained in an interview with the Inquirer.
Sia pointed out that in some cases, the units offered under the condotel concept vary in
sizes (floor area), and in design, which usually reflects the owner’s taste. This means that
13
some rooms are more preferred than the others, thus posing difficulties on how the
income will be divided among the unit owners.
This also gives rise to concerns that one’s unit is not being offered as frequently as the
others’ due to certain biases.
Other complexities and confusion meanwhile stem from the fact that in certain cases, a
unit owner’s share is based on the net income. This means that you will have to wait until
all the other costs and expenses have been reflected before you can get your fair share.
Sense of predictability
Hotel 101, however, aptly addresses such concerns as it offers the same type of room in
terms of size and design.
“We call it the ‘Happy Room’ and this is the only type of room you will have at Hotel
101 because all the rooms there have the same size, design—same everything. We have a
signature product that is not too small nor too big at 21 sqm,” he explained.
“So we create that sense of predictability which we think is important. Just like in fast
food, it’s the same thinking—the Mang Inasal here should have exactly the same store
ambience and food as in Zamboanga or Davao or anywhere else. We have a similar
mindset as the fast food chains: product should be signature and typical to create
predictability and efficiency in all aspects,” Sia further said.
In terms of income sharing, Hotel 101’s scheme is simple enough: 30 percent of the gross
revenues from the prior month will be divided among all unit owners, regardless of
whether or not their rooms were booked. The income share is usually credited to their
accounts every 16th of the following month.
“Everybody gets exactly the same amount. It’s so simple to understand, simple to audit,
simple to check, and so easy to implement,” Sia added.
Lucrative returns
But just how practical and profitable is this model? Well, the proof is in the numbers.
14
The unit owners at Hotel 101 Manila, the flagship property located near the Mall of Asia
Complex in Pasay City, already saw a 6.08 percent yield last year.
“Hotel 101 Manila has been open for one and a half years and we saw that the model
worked. In the last 6 months of 2017, (the unit owners) got 6.09 percent yield, but our
expectation was just about 4 to 6 percent. And even for our management company, Hotel
101 Management Corp., we’re quite happy with our margins at 8 percent,” Sia disclosed.
Source: https://business.inquirer.net/247451/condotel-investment-101
ARTICLE NO. 3
‘Condotels a growing investment option’
BY BEN KRITZ, TMT APRIL 05, 2017
Condominium units used for short-term guests, otherwise known as “condotels,” are an
increasingly attractive property investment, online property listing site MyProperty.ph
and developer Sta. Lucia Land said.
MyProperty.ph said the rise of hospitality service websites like Airbnb is part of the
reason the condotel trend is growing, as travelers are increasingly drawn to alternatives to
traditional hotels, particularly for longer visits.
Condotel units are typically individually owned and included in a property management
program, with the manager handling renting out of the unit (along with regular building
management and maintenance services) and retaining a percentage of the rental income
as payment for services. “The main advantage of owning a condotel unit is its ability to
generate passive income. Depending on its location and season of the year, it can
potentially earn a lot of money,” MyProperty.ph said.
The growth in tourist arrivals surpassing 600,000 in January of this year, about ten
percent more than in the same month last year, is one factor that makes condotels a
potentially lucrative investment, the online listing service added, particularly in peak
15
seasons. Locations near airports or near popular tourism areas are the most likely to
generate the highest incomes, it said.
Benefit for OFWs
Imee S. Yu, who is the general manager of Sta. Lucia Hotel Management Group
explained in a post to the company’s website that investing in a condotel is particularly
beneficial to overseas Filipino workers, who wish to own a property but are unable to
oversee their investments in the Philippines.
“The target market of (Sta. Lucia Land Inc. president Exequiel) Robles was the OFWs.
The condotel concept is a hassle-free investment for them because even if you’re out of
the country, somebody can manage it for you. Someone can market it for you. You don’t
need to worry about unit maintenance and in fact, the amount that you can earn can also
help pay for your dues, taxes and other expenses,” Yu said.
MyProperty.ph added, “For overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), having a condotel means
getting to stay for free in a stylish unit that is ideally close to everything whenever they
are in the country. It also gives their family here at home the chance to ‘check in’
whenever they are in the mood for a staycation without having to pay for a hotel.
How it works
Although property managers differ in the terms of their programs, the one offered by Sta.
Lucia is a typical example. The developer currently has five condotel properties, two in
Mactan, Cebu, and one each in Quezon City, Cainta, Rizal, and Tagaytay.
Under Sta. Lucia, Yu explained that the unit owner will have to enter a 15-year leased-
back agreement with the group, under which the owner will receive a rent income based
on the floor area of his unit.
16
70 percent of the net profit of the whole condotel property is divided among unit owners,
in proportion to the unit sizes; thus, larger units earn a larger share. The dividends are
paid quarterly, after monthly dues and realty taxes are deducted.
The condotel unit is also entitled to 30 room nights per year for his own use, but must
make prior arrangements so the unit is not rented out at the same time.
Meanwhile, the hotel operator will manage the leasing of the hotel rooms, the
maintenance, refurbishment and improvements, as well as their operating expenses,
association dues, real property taxes, common area charges, utilities, insurance and other
expenses.
Yu said that with increasing tourist numbers, returns on investments have been healthy
for owners in its properties. “The Sotogrande Hotel alone would hit 80 percent occupancy
rate and that’s why some of our earlier investors managed to receive dividends within the
same quarter that the hotel started to operate,” Yu said.
“Ownership is 100 percent hassle-free as all maintenance and rental issues are handled by
hotel management company,” Yu added. “At the same time, there is a cash flow or an
income that can help pay for your expenses. Of course, how much you’ll earn will be
subject to occupancy rates, inflation, and foreign exchange movements.”
Source: https://www.manilatimes.net/condotels-growing-investment-option/320991/
ARTICLE NO. 4
P7B Clark project to attract tourists
CGF, the newest work-live-play-shop destination
Sun.Star Pampanga 29 Jun 2015 BY REYNALDO G. NAVALES Sun.Star Staff

Reporter
CLARK FREEPORT --- The Clark Green Frontier (CGF), which will be developed by
the Capilion Corporation Pte. Limited, is expected to become one of the major tourist
attraction in Central Luzon, officials of Clark Development Corporation (CDC) said.
17
As residential projects, business process outsourcing (BPO) hubs and offices became
essential add-ons to major shopping malls in Angeles City. Cark Green Frontier, the
newest work-live-play-shop destinations in Metro Clark ar ea.
Clark Green Frontier {CGF} is mixed use facility ideal for BPO, residential, commercial
retail as well hotel and lodging facilities. This is fast becoming the business model now
for commercial complexes where the two existing malls in Metro Clark area now hosts
BPOs, brand hotels and high-end condominium buildings.
These existing projects serve as replication of similar undertakings in the cities of Makati,
Taguig, Mandaluyong and Quezon where multi-billion peso undertakings such as
Bonifacio Global City, Ayala Center, Ortigas Center offer a complete travel and business
destinatrions.
On May 8, 2014, Capilion and Clark Development Corporation (CDC) signed the
P7-billion investment, three-hectare development project located a Lot 1 M.A Roxas

Highway for the CGF project. Local Support Extremely excited about the positive
development, fashion designer Philip D. Torres said “it’s a good venue for people who
want to live and travel with style.”
Torres who is also the creator of intricate Kapampangan fabric, Pidayit said as the people
of Angeles go global, he hopes to preserve the rich culture in the local scene.
“I think it’s going to be like another attraction comparable to other countries such as
Bangkok and Hongkong, who knows, we might be applying as one of the concessionaires
there (referring to Clark Green Frontier),” Torres added.
Chairman Reynaldo Nacu Gueco of Barangay Malabanias has endorsed the project
saying it will help not only his constituency but the whole of Angeles City and nearby
towns.
Gueco called the controversial P7 billion Capilion project in Clark Freeport as a

"welcome development .”
The village chief even assailed some groups and local leaders opposed to the project.
18
Contrary to claims that Capilion will harm local businesses, Gueco pointed out that the
project will even spur growth in the locality.
He cited the case of SM City Clark, which attracted small and medium enterprises.
Businesses started sprouting in the area when SM Supermalls established its mall in
Clark, the barangay leader stressed .
ARTICLE NO. 5
The Real Benefits of Living in a Mixed-Use Development
November 21st, 2016
What is a mixed-use development?
By definition, a mixed-use development is a real estate project that blends residential,

commercial, cultural, institutional and industrial uses. Whether it’s a single building, a
complex of buildings, a district, or a township or city, the uses are physically or
functionally integrated, and provide connections to both homeowners and pedestrians.
In the last few years, mixed-use developments are slowly embraced in communities
outside city centers. Here are among the primary reasons why:
1. Traffic congestion
We all know how bad traffic in Metro Manila not only affects commuters but also hurt
businesses as well. That is why most people now want to live near or within central
business districts. The growing daytime population of economical hubs has increased
commute times, especially during rush hour, that traffic has become an impossible
problem to solve.
19
However, the rise of mixed-use developments in denser areas like Alabang are
economically beneficial for everyone. Companies who wish to expand or set up shop in
the Philippines now have the option to put up their offices near their employees’ homes.
Employees, on the other hand, are now given the flexibility to reconsider a transfer or a
job
opportunity nearby.
And with the rise of job opportunities within their homes, more and more people are now
seeking to improve their lifestyle by living within the area where everything they need is
within reach.
2. Reduce automobile dependence
Sure, cars are comfortable means of going from one place to another. But so is walking
too, when you’re home is just literally a walk away from everything you need.
Being automobile-dependent discourages you to be truly in tune with your environment.

Driving or commuting by car limits your ability to wander and discover great things
about your own neighborhood.
Moreover, walking is a great form of exercise. It’s free too, and reduces the hassle of
looking for an expensive parking space for your car when you need to go out for short
errands.
20
3. Demand for more open, public spaces
The best thing about mixed-use developments is that there is a dedicated portion for open
spaces. Real estate developers now add lush parks, landscaped gardens and water
fixtures, and even function areas for people of all walks of life to explore, enjoy, and
relax. The South Park District, for instance, features one of the biggest park spaces in
Muntinlupa.
Moreover, having open spaces in your neighborhood encourages you to be more positive
and active. A research study found out that open spaces encourage more pedestrians to
walk or do physical activities, like street running, yoga, badminton, football, and even
dancing.
21
4. Sense of place and community
The synergy of open spaces and real estate projects in a mixed-use development allows
people, both residents and pedestrians, to have a real sense of belonging and community.
Mixed-use developments are well-planned in a way for people to connect with each other
in living spaces that encourage such bonds.
The South Park District will have a one-hectare central park, which is made up of three
parts.
22
The Grand Lawn is a sunken garden which is lined with shrubs and canopy trees
reminiscent of the laidback, Southern environment.
Source: https://www.zipmatch.com/blog/living-in-a-mixed-use-development/
ARTICLE NO. 6
Vertical Communities in the Philippines: Current Scenario and Future Directions
January 23, 2019
Do the Filipinos, known as somewhat in between traditional and receptive people, fancy
the vertical living set up?
For a typical worker with office based in Metro Manila, the crammed streets, overloaded
buses and trains, and crowded malls are all but ordinary sights. On weekdays, Makati
City, also known as the city in the Philippines with the highest daytime population,
accommodates 10 times its population at night. The same thing happens to other cities
like Manila and Quezon.
Because most of the work opportunities are found in these key cities, people who do not
have homes in these CBD areas travel to and from their workplace every single day,
enduring the traffic and public transportation issues of the country. Some can bear the
trouble of traveling for two hours or more just to be home with their families, others
simply can’t.
23
This resulted in high demand for residential spaces, but the scarcity on available land
property seemed impossible to address until the introduction of vertical communities.
These vertical communities are the answer to the lifestyle change the Filipinos need.
The Value of Vertical Living
Condominium living is a vertical living set up and it gives dwellers more than just a roof
above their heads. They provide the urban holistic lifestyle one deserves. More than a
room to stay in, they come with complete amenities for entertainment and recreation.
These mixed-use type of township with integrated amenities that varies per market’s need
makes condo living more exciting. Each condominium develops their unique offerings
based on their people’s needs and interests. Some have unique rooms such as a library or
a music room for properties located near schools. Others have gyms, dance rooms,
infinity pools, game rooms, spas, and mini-theaters for additional relaxation.
Convenience is another selling factor for these vertical communities. Oftentimes, the
property has a commercial area of its own. Convenience stores, restaurants, laundry
shops, and almost everything else is within your reach. The location of these properties
also provides accessibility, as they are strategically placed in prime areas near
workplaces, near locations that are frequently visited and of course, have easy access to
transportation.
More than its original purpose of providing space for the tenants, these properties have
become a vacation spot on their own. Staycations, or staying inside one’s property on a
holiday, is another person or bonding activity that millennials and families enjoy.
The condominium’s 24/7 security and emergency-ready facilities, which further make
the investment worth it, should also not be forgotten.
The Present State
Real estate developers started to bring this change of landscape to the areas outside
Metro Manila, most specifically to those areas with high tourism value such as Cebu,
24
Davao, Bacolod, Iloilo, and Bohol. Vertical communities have also reached up-and-
coming business districts like Batangas, Laguna, and Cavite.
Millennials, which comprise the biggest chunk of today’s working population in the
Philippines, are said to be leaning towards acquiring a smaller space near their
workplace. More feasible payment terms compared to those houses with lots also
contribute to the selling proposition.
What the Future Entails
According to a 2nd Quarter Report by real estate consulting services firm Colliers
International, it will be a long while before the Philippines’ vertical communities bubble
burst. This year’s vacancy rate has lowered while the decline in rent was finally arrested.
Colliers said that as of the first half of 2018, 30,000 units have been taken up in the
preselling sector, and the figure is expected to go over 60,000 units within the year.
According to the same report, occupancy in residential condominiums across Metro

Manila significantly improved in the second quarter, with Colliers attributing this to the
leasing power of foreign and local professionals, as well as Chinese investors and
workers working in offshore gaming companies.
Colliers sees the warmer relations between the Philippines and China as the reason
behind the increase in residential condominium demand. This leads to another prediction
by the firm that if this trend continuous, the Philippines will observe more inquiries from
firms and businessmen based in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Japan.
If the developers’ schedule is followed, Metro Manila is expected to have 142,000 units
in 2021, which is 33% higher than the units produced in 2017. About 8,600 units are
expected to be completed each year from 2019 to 2021.
The firm feels positive about these residential condominiums data and even encourages
high-end developers to produce more projects in the Manila Bay Area. In this area, more
office constructions are being built, thus a high demand for residential properties is again
expected.
25
Colliers also encourages real estate developers to start operating in Cebu, Pampanga,
and Laguna, where the offshore business game is predicted to rise next.
Vertical living seems like the silver lining to this space problem and lifestyle woes
Filipinos are experiencing. Since vertical communities are the real estate developers
answer to address these concerns, the challenge now is how these properties will bring
these communities to a whole new level in order for them to stand out.
Source: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/vertical-communities-in-the-philippines-
current-scenario-and-future-directions/
ARTICLE NO. 7
Metro Clark will be the next growth area in the PHL
By Rizal Raoul Reyes February 6, 2018
AS the government’s “Build, Build, Build” program goes into high gear, Metro Clark
area will have a stellar role in the development of Central Luzon, according to a major
property consulting firm.
26
“Metro Clark has the characteristics of the ideal investment hub—it has vast developable
land, a large pool of talent and improving land and air infrastructure. We see more capital
flowing to the city during the “Golden Age of Infrastructure” spurring the growth of the
Central Luzon region,” Santos Knight Frank (SKF) chairman and CEO Rick Santos said
in a press briefing held recently in Makati City.
Santos added Metro Clark will be a catalyst in the development pursuit of Central Luzon
as it can provide connectivity and
accessibility to other points of the island.
Alviera, a 1,125-hectare development by Ayala Land
in Porac, Pampanga
Santos said the huge infrastructure projects, such as the expansion of the Clark
International Airport, have attracted property heavyweights like Ayala Land Inc.,
Robinson’s Land Corp., Megaworld and Filinvest to expand in the area, which covers the
towns of Angeles, Porac, Mabalacat, San Fernando and Capas.
The latest development includes the New

Clark City in Capas, Tarlac, which
recently held a groundbreaking of the
P13-billion new national government
center complex. New Clark City is
envisioned to host a business district,
tourism areas and world-class sports centers through the participation of major business
names, such as Filinvest of the Gotianun family.
Moreover, he stressed that the completion of the upcoming Northern Luzon Expressway
and Southern Luzon Expressway connector as well as the planned train project will
enhance its f connectivity.
27
The airport is one major attraction of Clark as it is being used mostly by overseas Filipino
workers from Northern Luzon. Clark can also help in decongesting the crowded Ninoy
Aquino International Airport by serving the people.
Source: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/02/06/metro-clark-will-be-the-next-growth-
area-in-the-phl/
ARTICLE NO. 8
Men of steel
By: Theresa S. Samaniego - Philippine Daily Inquirer / 05:59 AM December 09, 2017
They create the perfect enclave.
Over the last decades, the country has seen its most trusted and esteemed developers
working with a steel resolve to ensure that every deserving Filipino would realize his or
her dream of owning a decent home.
Aware of the Filipinos’ determination to provide shelter for their loved ones and their
families, these developers have sought to create communities and homes that serve not
only as a safe sanctuary, but also a testament to one’s hard work and success.
But the work continues.
There seems to be no slowing down the country’s real estate players as demand for
housing remains on the rise.
And by going beyond the basics and providing smart home choices in the market, these
seasoned property developers have again proven why they are deserving of the accolades
and respect thrown their way.
In today’s issue of the Inquirer, we pay tribute to some of them, whose relentless pursuit
to create sanctuaries have allowed more hardworking Filipinos to live their dreams.
These are the developers who, for decades now, have been the country’s partner in nation
building.
28
Big or small, there is no doubt that the proponents and leaders behind these firms have
achieved quite a feat, and there is no doubt as well that they are bound to achieve more.
Elevating lifestyles
It is a very exciting time for Torre Lorenzo Development Corp. as market sentiment
remains upbeat.
Across the different sectors, you can feel the energy and excitement for what is yet to
come. Lifestyles are changing for the better, even outside Metro Manila.
Central to our business is a passion to elevate the lifestyles of Filipino communities all
over the archipelago. You will find this vision across our entire real estate portfolio.
Almost a quarter of a century ago, I looked at what limited housing was available for
university students and decided that we could offer a better option. Today, we are on our
seventh Premium University Residence which offers upscale quality and security for
university students
More recently, TLDC has invested in emerging urban centers outside Metro Manila,
under the Tierra Lorenzo mixed-use lifestyle concept.
These Tierra Lorenzo developments offer residential, retail, hotel and sports-club
facilities that promise to set new standards of living. These include Tierra Lorenzo Lipa
located in Lipa City, Batangas and Tierra Lorenzo San Fernando, located in San
Fernando, Pampanga.
With every property we build, we offer two things: an elevated customer experience, and
the opportunity for longer-term value for our investors.
TOMAS P. LORENZO
CEO
Source:https://business.inquirer.net/242209/men-of-steel
29
ARTICLE NO. 9
The Surge of Condotels in the Philippines
Multi-purposing property continues to be a way to get the most use out of real estate, and
high-rise developments in the Philippines have been no exception due to the surge of
condotels in the country.
By the close of the last decade, the condotel (condominium-hotel) market in the
Philippines has seen a remarkable growth. Interest in the local condotel sector has
increased significantly in the past two years, with Metro Manila and Cebu being the
particular favorites as investment destinations.
But What Is a Condotel?
A condotel is a condominium that is operated as a hotel with a registration desk, cleaning

service, and other hotel-like services. Units in a condotel are individually owned. Unit
owners have the privilege to place their units in the hotel’s rental program where they are
rented out like any other hotel room.
There are many benefits of owning a condotel. There are quarterly dividends. Even if a
unit is not leased or used, income can still be earned. There is also no time limit to
ownership. And units come with freehold title deeds.
Condotels have mushroomed considerably in Metro Manila and are also doing the same
in the country’s major cities, particularly in Cebu and Davao. Below is a list of some
condotels found in the aforementioned cities.
30
Condotels in Metro Manila
VIP Suite Apartelle, Makati
VIP Suite Apartelle only holds 26 spacious rooms but offers a wide range of units
including standard rooms, twin deluxe, superior deluxe, and executive suites. Residents
and guests of the condotel literally live like VIPs as evidenced by topnotch services and
amenities, such as 24-hour room service, laundry service, concierge, coffee shop,
restaurant, Wi-Fi, sauna, spa, steam room, tours, and airport transfer.
Mezza Residences Condotel, Quezon City
31
Mezza Residences Condo and Condotel is a condominium complex consisting of four

towers. Along with SM Station Mesa as a ready shopping destination, the condotel has its
own supermarket, shops, and restaurants at the Mezza Strip. Amenities residents and
visitors can enjoy include private function rooms, 25-meter lap pool and kiddie pool,
playground, gym, cabanas, and a 1,000-square-meter lawn and barbecue area. Other
facilities include three high-speed elevators, centralized garbage disposal and collection
system, automatic fire alarm and sprinkler system, and CCTV at the main lobby,
entrance, and ramps.
Condotels in Cebu
Grand Cenia Condotel (Quest Hotel) and Residences, Cebu City
Grand Cenia, located right across Cebu Business Park, gives residents spectacular views
of the whole city. They can enjoy the luxurious hotel-standard amenities and quality
services that are uniquely Grand Cenia. At the condotel’s amenity floor at the seventh
level, a leisure haven awaits. A lap pool, kiddie pool, sundeck, landscaped gardens, and a
gazebo will soothe the senses. Fine-dining restaurants and a coffee shop will fulfill any
gastronomic needs. For business and social gatherings, there are conference rooms with
telecon facilities, business centers with Wi-Fi, and function rooms for social events.
32
City Suites, Cebu City
City Suites is located at the Cebu central business district and is only a minute’s walk
from the nearest transportation terminals. It is also 12 kilometers away from Mactan
Island. The condotel features terraces with great city views, modern unit spaces, and
standard fixtures. Each unit has complimentary Wi-Fi, flat-screen TV, kitchenettes, and
sitting areas. Suites can be upgraded to add floor-to-ceiling windows. Freebies at the
condotel include breakfast and parking. A casual restaurant, a bar, and an events space
can be found within the condotel.
https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/the-surge-of-condotels-in-the-philippines/
1.3 THEORETICAL/ CONCEPTUALIZATION FRAMEWORK
BUILDING
ANALYSIS
BUILDING SITE
PROJECT
BRIEF
+ ANALYSIS DESIGN
SOLUTION
SITE
CULTURAL
ANALYSIS
FIGURE 1.1 PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
33
We do not believe in ‘themed’ developments but instead, we believe in an

architecture that is designed specifically for the place it’s going to be built, the climate,
and should reflect the culture and identity of the people using it.
Given this fact, the proponents present a development that’s defensive.

By doing this, the spaces between the street and the landscapes become transitory barriers
that protect the controlled environment within from being degraded by the uncontrollable
harshness that our urban jungle creates such as noise from traffic, pollution, undesirable
views, etc. The proponents will use public spaces such as circulation areas as visual and
auditory buffers that protect the private spaces from the outside world.
Under the new generation, the project proposal has placed even more emphasis on
sustainability and environmentally-responsible construction practices.
Project’s Motives
The project motives are on the concern of improving the current tourism and
accommodation system of the locality. The new structure will be a milestone in
introducing new Architectural design that will attract tourist as their experience in using
the project, it will testify to their unforgettable stay and use of the construction facility.
Project’s Aims
The problem of shortage in accommodation in a place in the next upcoming years is
a real matter to consider. The proponents find it necessary to recommend a world class
facility that will pave all the amenities and comfort needs of tourist and residents where
they can enjoy and at the same time relax after their long journey. The facility does not
limit its purpose on serving foreign but local constituents too. Another matter to consider
is the climate change on earth. The sustainability of the project is designed to be eco-
friendly or Green. This can be achieved thru climate and power of nature.
1.4 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
34
Figure 1.4 Research Diagram
Any research studies should undergo a systematic procedure to achieve a creative

result for a project. For the research and gathering of data, both qualitative and quantitative
methods were used. The proponents used this method as this would give enough data and
information regarding the said study. The proponents gathered data from a different
organization that could benefit and gives the study a broad information.
Project Definition
The proponents must have a clear understanding of the proposal. This is to

recognize its nature, scope, requirements for the project including its relation to society,
economy, and context of the project to later translate to an architectural solution. It is
important for both researchers and readers to visibly create the kind of proposal they will
undertake.
Site Description, Issues and Needs
This is to analyze the qualification in selecting a suitable location for the project.
It is to research preliminary data including details of the site wherein the proponents will
analyze and explain its potentials and viabilities in knowing the scope and limitations,
35
issues and difficulties of the site. This is to identify if the proposed project is suitable for
Architectural and Economic aspects.
Identification of Problems
This is where the proponents examine the specific problems of the location. It’s the
process of understanding the problems of the project from general to specific subjects to
provide a proper solution. In this case study, Due to lack of space for social and economic
uses, traffic pollution and poor hotel accommodation are some of the current state in
Angeles, Angeles City has a potential in becoming the next central business hub in the
north. Therefore, the demand of people will increase.
A need for a hotel facility and adequate hotel services must prioritize to
accommodate increasing tourist arrival. Another problem that needs to be addressed is the
continuous urbanization of Pampanga that may lead to scarcity of land shortly. We presume
that going vertical and considering the location of the site is an effective solution to this
problem.
Data Gathering
This is the process of measuring information on variables of interest in a way that

will support the problem/s of the project that are needed to be addressed. This includes
finding and researching topics and data sources that contributes to the solution of the
problems.
The following are the sources of data and different information that the
proponents have gathered:
❖ City Planning and Development Office of Angeles City

- CLUP of Angeles City
- Site for the proposed project
36
- Profile of Brgy. Cutcut, Friendship Highway, AC

- Building Ordinance of Angeles City
- Site Bearings
❖ City Assessor’s Office of Angeles City
- Tax declaration of Site
- Title of the Site
- Technical Description of Site
❖ City Tourism Office of Angeles City
- Updated Tourist arrivals of Angeles City
❖ PSA ( Philippine Statistic Authority ) Region III
- Data For Family Income Earners per Income Class
- Updated Annual population Growth
Note: Certificate of appearance is given by every office.
The following are the persons who are interviewed by the proponents to gathered
data and information that will support the study:
❖ Engr. David D. David (City Planning and Development Office)

❖ Mr. John R. Montances (City Tourism Office)
❖ Engr. Lea C. Dizon (City Assessor’s Office)
After gathering data, reading related topics and articles useful for the proposal.
The proponent should be able to take-down and list all of the important information and
facts collected to make an analytical and logical hypothesis to create possible conclusion
and solution on how to solve the stated problem/s.
37
Data Evaluation
The proper distinction and analysis of every detail of information should be

arranged thoroughly, as this will be the foundation and basis of the entire research.
From this sector, the proponent should be able to assess all the information
gathered from:
❖ Reference books
❖ Magazines
❖ Articles
❖ Interviewed government agencies
The proponent should be able to explain the reasons behind the stated problems
and identify a variety of effective solutions, procedures to be done upon addressing the
difficulties. Built solution and concepts by the proponents should be sustained with a
concrete and distinctive design solution to be applied to the proposed project.
Architectural Programming
This is the part of the study where the proponents make the ocular visit of the site
to do the observation and study of the topography, sun and wind pattern, soil and water
condition, vegetation, climate, and accessibility. That also includes the analysis of the
strengths and weaknesses of the site.
Study and development of space programming, zoning, orientation,

conceptualization, and massing are also involved in part of the study.
Translation
This is the part wherein all architectural drawings will be presented and delivered
on how strategies and techniques in planning and development including giving a clearer
definition, interpretation of the design framework in merging all the concepts into
graphical transactions done by the proponent.
38
1.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bondoc, Joey Roi Colliers Radar Philippines 22 May 2018 Mequeni: Inviting National
Developers to Pampanga
Website:
❖ Architectural / Investment Strategies
https://citiglobal.com.ph/blog/guide-real-estate-investments-philippines/
https://cityswitch.net.au/Resources/CitySwitch-Resources/Behaviour-change/Behaviour-
change-article/category/behaviourchange/introduction-to-vertical-communities
https://new.usgbc.org/leed
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1759997
http://angelescity.gov.ph/government/files/cdp_c5.pdftps://www.arch2o.com/communal-
spaces-architecture/
Definition of Terms
https://www.google.com/
39
CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA
2.1 DATA MANAGEMENT
This study is based on data gathering and different research method that was used.
This chapter allows the proponents to gather enough data and information that could then
help them in their future design phase.
2.1.1 PRESENT CONDITION
Angeles City is one of the most developing city in the Philippines, with Angeles
City as the center of commerce, trade, education, industry and travel in the Luzon.
Angeles boasts of modern business leisure, shopping, medical and transportation
facilities.
Highly accessible by air and land, Angeles has becoming an international tourism
gateway with its high domestic and foreign arrivals. Stunning heritage sites, hotels and
resorts, world-renowned diving locations, golf courses and favorable climate all year-
round make Angeles an ideal tropical destination.
It’s business-friendly atmosphere, relative peace, culture of professionalism and

craftsmanship of the people has drawn investors to locate their business operations. All
these have turned Angeles into one of the most attractive, progressive and enjoyable
locations for both business and leisure.
1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
To begin with, below is a brief introduction about the site background.
The population of the Philippines as of August 1, 2015 was 100,981,437 based on

the 2015 census of population (POPCEN 2015). The population increased by 1.72 %
annually, on average, during the period 2010 to 2015.
40
TABLE 2.1.1 :
POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Census Year Census Reference Date Population
(in millions)
2000 May 1, 2000 76.51
2010 May 1, 2010 92.34
2015 August 1, 2015 100.98
Population in the Philippines
Source: www.psa.gov.ph
The population of Pampanga in the 2015 census was 2,198,000 people, with a
density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometer or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. If
Angeles City is included for geographical purposes, the population is 2,609,744, with a
density of 1,265/km2 (3,277/sq. mi). The native inhabitants of Pampanga are generally
referred to as Kapampangans, Pampangos or Pampangueños.
TABLE 2.1.2 :
Population and Population Growth Rate by Province/Highly Urbanized

City:
Region III - Central Luzon
(Based on the 2000, 2010, and 2015 Censuses
Province/ Population Population Growth
Highly Rate (%)
Urbanized City 2000 2010 2015 2010 - 2000 -
2015 2010
AURORA 174,000 201,000 214,000 1.21 1.48
BATAAN 558,000 687,000 761,000 1.94 2.11
BULACAN 2,234,000 2,924,000 3,292,000 2.28 2.73
NUEVA 1,660,000 1,955,000 2,151,000 1.84 1.65
ECIJA
PAMPANGA 1,615,000 2,014,000 2,198,000 1.68 2.23
( Excluding
Angeles City)
ANGELES 268,000 326,000 412,000 4.52 2
CITY
TARLAC 1,069,000 1,273,000 1,366,000 1.35 1.76
ZAMBALES 434,000 534,000 591,000 1.93 2.11
(Excluding
Olongapo City)
OLONGAPO 194,000 221,000 233,000 1 1.31
CITY
Population and Population Growth Source: www.psa.gov.ph
41
Angeles, officially the City of Angeles “Kapampangan: Lakanbalen ning

Angeles” Tagalog: Lungsod ng Angeles, or simply referred to as Angeles City, is a 1st
class highly urbanized city in the region of Central Luzon, Philippines. According to the
2015 census, it has a population of 411,634 people.
It is bordered by Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San Fernando to the
southeast, Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest and west. Though the city
administers itself autonomously from Pampanga, it is the province's commercial and
financial hub.
Angeles is served by the Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone.

Being home of the former Clark Air Base (once the largest United States military facility
outside the continental United States), it was significantly affected by the fallout from the
eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The economy of Angeles was heavily dependent on
the American base at that time.
42
Population and Demographic Profile
Table 2.1.3 shows census years population and the annual growth rates in between
census years. The highest increase in population is between the census years 1948 and
1960 at 6.41% while the lowest is at 1.25% between census years 1876 and 1903. There
was a slight decrease in population, apparently due to the Mt. Pinatubo calamity and the
voluntary withdrawal of the American Military Forces from Clark Air Base, between
census years 1990 and 1995, at -0.01%
TABLE 2.1.3 :
HISTORICAL POPULATION GROWTH IN ANGELES CITY
Census Years 1829-2016
CENSUS YEAR POPULATION ANNUAL GROWTH
RATE
2015 411,634 4.54%
2010 326,336 2.14%
2000 263,971 2.44%
1995 234,011 -0.01%
1990 236,686 2.28%
1980 188,834 4.55%
1975 151,164 2.36%
1970 134,544 5.89%
1965 101,054 5.89%
1960 75,900 6.41%
1948 37,558 4.08%
1939 26,027 1.86%
1918 17,948 3.58%
1903 10,646 1.25%
1876 7,615 5.34%
1829 661
Source: Philippines Statistics Authority
Table 2.1.4 shows the total population projection in Angeles City from 2016 to 2025
using census years 2010 & 2015 as bases. Total population is the sum of household
population and institutional population.
43
TABLE 2.1.4 : TOTAL POPULATION PROJECTION IN ANGELES CITY 2016-2025
Barangay *2010 *2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
326,336 411,634 430,322 449,859 470,282 491,633 513,953 537,287 561,680 587,180 613,838 641,706
1. Agapito del Rosario 2, 313 3,230 3,377 3,530 3,690 3,858 4,033 4,216 4,407 4,607 4,817 5,035
2. Amsic 7,736 14,379 15,032 15,714 16,428 17,173 17,953 18,768 19,620 20,511 21,442 22,416
3. Anunas 15,213 20,911 21,860 22,853 23,890 24,975 26,109 27,294 28,533 29,829 31,183 32,599
4. Balibago 32,291 40,087 41,907 43,810 45,798 47,878 50,051 52,324 54,699 57,183 59,779 62,493
5. Capaya 8,280 8,870 9,273 9,694 10,134 10,594 11,075 11,578 12,103 12,653 13,227 13,828
6. Claro M. Recto 4,741 3,981 4,162 4,351 4,548 4,755 4,971 5,196 5,432 5,679 5,937 6,206
7. Cuayan 4,852 10,363 10,833 11,325 11,839 12,377 12,939 13,526 14,140 14,782 15,454 16,155
8. Cutcut 21,601 27,843 29,107 30,429 31,810 33,254 34,764 36,342 37,992 39,717 41,520 43,405
9. Cutud 16,531 23,177 24,229 25,329 26,479 27,681 28,938 30,252 31,625 33,061 34,562 36,131
10. Lourdes North 10,450 9,896 10,345 10,815 11,306 11,819 12,356 12,917 13,503 14,116 14,757 15,427
West
11. Lourdes Sur 4,772 4,797 5,015 5,242 5,480 5,729 5,989 6,261 6,546 6,843 7,153 7,478
12. Lourdes Sur East 4,656 4,741 4,956 5,181 5,416 5,662 5,919 6,188 6,469 6,763 7,070 7,391
13. Malabanias 23,034 33,174 34,680 36,255 37,901 39,621 41,420 43,300 45,266 47,321 49,470 51,716
14. Margot 3,606 5,239 5,477 5,725 5,985 6,257 6,541 6,838 7,149 7,473 7,813 8,167
15. Mining 2,492 3,186 3,331 3,482 3,640 3,805 3,978 4,159 4,347 4,545 4,751 4,967
16. Ninoy Aquino 12,964 11,658 12,187 12,741 13,319 13,924 14,556 15,217 15,907 16,630 17,385 18,174
17. Pampang 16,198 20,419 21,346 22,315 23,328 24,387 25,495 26,652 27,862 29,127 30,449 31,832
18. Pandan 14,901 20,598 21,533 22,511 23,533 24,601 25,718 26,886 28,106 29,382 30,716 32,111
19. Pulung Maragul 14,750 18,067 18,887 19,745 20,641 21,578 22,558 23,582 24,653 25,772 26,942 28,165
20. Pulungbulu 11,237 12,198 12,752 13,331 13,936 14,569 15,230 15,921 16,644 17,400 18,190 19,016
44
21. Pulung Cacutud 18,413 23,891 24,976 26,110 27,295 28,534 29,830 31,184 32,600 34,080 35,627 37,244
22. Salapungan 6,102 5,443 5,690 5,948 6,219 6,501 6,796 7,104 7,427 7,764 8,117 8,485
23. San Jose 4,785 5,579 5,832 6,097 6,374 6,663 6,966 7,282 7,613 7,958 8,320 8,697
24. San Nicolas 2,778 3,242 3,389 3,543 3,704 3,872 4,048 4,232 4,424 4,625 4,835 5,054
25. Sta. Teresita 8,263 8,402 8,783 9,182 9,599 10,035 10,490 10,967 11,465 11,985 12,529 13,098
26. Sta. Trinidad 4,980 5,036 5,265 5,504 5,754 6,015 6,288 6,573 6,872 7,184 7,510 7,851
27. Sto. Cristo 4,443 4,222 4,414 4,614 4,824 5,043 5,271 5,511 5,761 6,023 6,296 6,582
28. Sto. Domingo 14,378 17,693 18,496 19,336 20,214 21,132 22,091 23,094 24,142 25,238 26,384 27,582
29. Sto. Rosario 3,515 4,902 5,125 5,357 5,600 5,855 6,120 6,398 6,689 6,993 7,310 7,642
30. Sapalibutad 8,854 12,698 13,274 13,877 14,507 15,166 15,854 16,574 17,327 18,113 18,936 19,795
31. Sapangbato 9,910 10,965 11,463 11,983 12,527 13,096 13,691 14,312 14,962 15,641 16,351 17,094
32. Tabun 5,663 10,914 11,409 11,927 12,469 13,035 13,627 14,246 14,892 15,568 16,275 17,014
33. Virgen delos 1,634 1,651 1,726 1,804 1,886 1,972 2,061 2,155 2,253 2,355 2,462 2,574
Remedios Growth Rate 4.54 Base Year PSA *2010-*2015
Daytime Population
The concept of the daytime population refers to the number of people who are present in an area during normal business hours,
including workers, students, tourists, businessmen, etc... , who has to commute to the workplace, schools, shopping malls, etc…, and
are therefore added to the “resident” population.
Comparing the 27% increase in Metro Manila’s resident population, Angeles City, being a Highly Urbanized City, considers an
additional 20% to its resident population as its day population.
45
1.) POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY:
A.) AGE AND SEX
Table 2.2.1 shows the household population in Angeles City in 2015. Household
population is defined as the number of people who reside in a community. Tables 2.2.1
show household population by age group, sex, sex ratio.
TABLE 2.2.1 :
HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY AGE GROUP & SEX

AND SEX RATIO BY AGE GROUP IN ANGELES CITY, 2016
AGE GROUP BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE RATIO
TOTAL 428,225 212,900 215,325 101.39%
Under 1 8,565 4,454 4,111 92.30

01-04 34,429 18,033 16,396 90.92
05-09 41367 21,592 19,794 91.76
10-14 40,724 21,353 19,371 90.72
15-19 42,994 21,676 21,318 98.35
20-24 43,765 20,996 22,769 108.44
25-29 41,966 19,895 22,071 110.94
30-34 34,729 16,939 17,790 105.02
35-39 31,646 15,550 10,096 103.51
40-44 25,736 12,907 12,830 99.40
45-49 22,953 11,337 11,616 102.46
50-54 18,157 8,951 9,206 102.85
55-59 14,174 6,981 7,194 103.05
60-64 10,920 5,235 5,685 108.59
65-69 7,494 3,548 3,946 111.22
70-74 3,684 1,647 2,038 123.74
75-79 2,582 1,007 1,575 156.41
80 and over 2,340 819 1,521 185.71
Source: PSA Census, Base Year 2010 & 2015
Note: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding
B.) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
TABLE 2.2.2 :HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 5 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY

HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND SEX IN ANGELES CITY, 2016
46
HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE

ATTAINTMENT
TOTAL 389,079 192,983 196,096
No Grade Completed 7,198 3,642 3,556
Pre-School 9,182 4,784 4,398
Elementary 98,048 50,495 47,553
High School 177,809 86,771 91,038
Post Secondary 9,805 4,294 5,511
College Undergraduate 45,522 44,442 23,080
Academic Degree Holder 40,853 19,855 20,998
Post Baccalaureate 350 195 154
Unknown 35 7 28
Source PSA Census, Base Year 2010 & 2015
C.) EMPLOYMENT
In the absence of available data on employment at city level, regional-level data

from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) is used in the following discussion.
The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of Region III for 2016 was 62.10%. It
is slightly higher than2015which was 61.50% or a 0.98% increase. The LFPR is the
percent out of the total population which makes up the labor force, which are those
individuals that are aged 15 years and above who are either employed or unemployed.
This means that for 2016, 62.10% of the total population ages 15 years and above of
Region III makes up the labor force. Out of the LFPR, the employment rate for2016 is
93.40%, which is a slight improvement of 1.30% when compared to 2015which was
92.20% and 0.55% when compared to 2014which was 91.70%. Moreover, an average
of 17.23% of the employed are underemployed for2016, 14.64% for 2015 and 14.72%
2014.
Labor Force Survey Results 2014 to 2016

Labor Force Characteristics Rate Rate
2014 2015 2016
(Inc./Dec.) (Inc./Dec.)
Labor Force Participation Rate
62.30 (-1.28%) 61.50 0.98% 62.10
(LFPR)
47
Employment Rate 91.70 0.55% 92.20 1.30% 93.40

Unemployment Rate 8.30 (-6.02%) 7.80 (-15.38%) 6.60
Underemployment Rate 13.50 -- 13.50 19.26% 16.10
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
TABLE 2.2.3 :
2.) POPULATION DENSITY
Table 2.2.4 indicates the projected population by barangay in the year 2016.
Barangay Balibago is the most populated barangay with 41,907 people, while Virgen
Delos Remedios has the least population at 1,726. In terms of land area, Barangay
Sapangbato is the largest at 1,261.57 hectares, while Virgen Delos Remedios is the
smallest at 8.12 hectares. The densest barangay is Sta. Trinidad at 342 people/hectare and
Sapangbato has the least density of 9 people/hectare.
TABLE 2.2.4:
ANGELES CITY BARANGAY POPULATION, AREA & DENSITY, 2016
BARANGAY POPULATION AREA (ha.) DENSITY

(Pop./ha.)
1. Agapito del Rosario 3,377 13.99 241

2. Amsic 15,032 152.12 99
3. Anunas 21,860 394.66 55
4. Balibago 41,907 264.88 158
5. Capaya 9,273 256.43 36
6. Claro M. Recto 4,162 17.92 234
7. Cuayan 10,833 413.92 26
8. Cutcut 29,107 408.22 71
9. Cutud 24,229 212.51 114
10. Lourdes Northwest 10,345 44.05 235
11. Lourdes Sur 5,105 21.02 243
12. Lourdes Sur East 4,956 20.67 240
13. Malabanias 34,680 262.56 132
14. Margot 5,477 231.22 24
15. Mining 3,331 113.73 29
16. Ninoy Aquino 12,187 72.86 167
17. Pampang 21,346 446.06 48
18. Pandan 21,533 174.24 124
19. Pulung Maragul 18,887 224.67 84
48
20. Pulungbulu 12,752 170.48 75

21. Pulung Cacutud 24,976 242.86 103
22. Salapungan 5,690 24.33 234
23. San Jose 5,832 48.81 119
24. San Nicolas 3,389 16.14 210
25. Sta. Teresita 8,783 32.66 269
26. Sta. Trinidad 5,265 15.41 342
27. Sto. Cristo 4,414 101.92 43
28. Sto. Domingo 18,496 260.70 71
29. Sto. Rosario 5,125 56.05 91
30. Sapalibutad 13,274 271.38 49
31. Sapangbato 11,463 1,261.57 9
32. Tabun 11,409 81.23 140
33. Virgen delos Remedios 1,726 8.12 212
TOTAL 430,322 6,337.39 68
3.) HOUSEHOLD SIZES
Table 2.2.5 contains the number of projected households by barangay. The

estimated city’s occupancy rate of 4.24 persons per household is computed by dividing
the total projected population by the total projected number of households in 2016.
TABLE 2.2.5:
PROJECTED NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS PER BARANGAY IN ANGELES

CITY, 2016
Barangay Population Number of Households
1. Agapito del Rosario 3,377 794

2. Amsic 15,032 3,536
3. Anunas 21,860 5,146
4. Balibago 41,907 9,862
5. Capaya 9,273 2,182
6. Claro M. Recto 4,162 979
7. Cuayan 10,833 2,551
8. Cutcut 29,107 6,849
9. Cutud 24,229 5,703
10. Lourdes Northwest 10,345 2,435
11. Lourdes Sur 5,105 1,202
12. Lourdes Sur East 4,956 1,167
13. Malabanias 34,680 8,162
14. Margot 5,477 1,281
49
15. Mining 3,331 784

16. Ninoy Aquino 12,187 2,869
17. Pampang 21,346 5,024
18. Pandan 21,533 5,068
19. Pulung Maragul 18,887 4,446
20. Pulungbulu 12,752 3,002
21. Pulung Cacutud 24,976 5,878
22. Salapungan 5,690 1,331
23. San Jose 5,832 1,373
24. San Nicolas 3,389 798
25. Sta. Teresita 8,783 2,068
26. Sta. Trinidad 5,265 1,239
27. Sto. Cristo 4,414 1,039
28. Sto. Domingo 18,496 4,356
29. Sto. Rosario 5,125 1,206
30. Sapalibutad 13,274 3,125
31. Sapangbato 11,463 2,699
32. Tabun 11,409 2,686
33. Virgen delos Remedios 1,726 408
TOTAL 430,322 101,268
Source: City Planning & Development Office, Angeles City
4.) NUMBER OF DWELLINGS BY:
A.) TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Tables 2.2.6 indicates that most housing units in Angeles City are roofed with
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum material having 91.44% or 90,467 out of the total number of
occupied housing. While Table 2.2.7CF6 shows that 81,732 or 82.61% of the occupied
housing has outer walls made up of Concrete/Brick/Stone.
TABLE 2.2.6 :
OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF

THE ROOF IN ANGELES CITY, 2016
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS NUMBER OF % OF
OF THE ROOF OCCUPIED TOTAL
HOUSING UNITS
TOTAL 98,934 100
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 90,467 91.44
Tile/Concrete/Clay Tile 1,087 1.10
Half Galvanized Iron & Half Concrete 3,554 3.59
50
Wood 2,789 2.82

Cogon/Nipa/Anahaw 466 0.47
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials 528 0.53
Asbestos/others 76 0.04
TABLE 2.2.7 :
OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS BY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF

THE OUTER WALLS IN ANGELES CITY, 2016
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF THE NUMBER OF % OF
OUTER WALLS OCCUPIED TOTAL
HOUSING UNITS
TOTAL 98,934 100
Concrete/Brick/Stone 81,732 82.61
Wood 6,227 6.29
Half Concrete/Brick/Stone& Half wood 9,042 9.14
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 521 0.53
Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa 675 0.68
Asbestos 4 0.004
Glass 23 0.02
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials 535 0.54
Others/Not Reported 169 0.17
No walls 5 0.006
B.) OWNED
Table 2.2.8 indicates that with regard to the tenure status of lots in Angeles City,
most of the households own/amortize lot.
TABLE 2.2.8 :
HOUSEHOLD BY TENURE STATUS OF THE LOT, 2016 PROJECTION

TENURE STATUS OF THE LOT TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS
2010 2015 2016
Total 74,510 % of 96,219 % of 101,270 % of
Total Total Total
Owned/Being Amortized 44,106 59.19 56,957 59.19 59,947 59.19
Rented 15,500 20.80 20,016 20.80 21,067 20.80
Rent-free With Consent of Owner 12,091 16.23 15,613 16.23 16,433 16.23
51
Rent-free Without Consent of 1,652 2.22 2,133 2.22 2,245 2.22

Owner
Not Reported 12 0.02 15 0.02 16 0.02
Not Applicable 1,149 1.54 1,485 1.54 1,563 1.54
2. PHYSICAL DATA
A. Macro-Site Data
PAMPANGA
Pampanga is located in the central part of Region III. It is bounded on the north of
Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, on the east by Bulacan, southwest by Bataan and west by
Zambales. It's terrain is relatively flat with only one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat.
Its land area is 2,180.68 sq. kms. Its terrain is relatively flat with only one distinct
mountain, the Mt. Arayat. Among its municipalities, Porac has the largest land area with
343 sq. km.; Can¬daba comes next with 208.7 sq. km.; Lubao is the third largest with
155.77 sq. km.
FIGURE 2.2.1 :
52
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga
53
1.) POLITICAL BOUNDERIES / AREA AND LAND USES
Pampanga covers a total area of 2,002.20 square kilometers (773.05 sq mi) occupying
the south-central section of the Central Luzon region. When Angeles City is included for
geographical purposes, the province's area is 2,062.47 square kilometers (796.32 sq. mi).
Its capital is the City of San Fernando. Angeles City, while geographically within
Pampanga, is classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and is governed
independently of the province.
Its terrain is relatively flat with one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat and the notable
Pampanga River. Among its municipalities, Porac has the largest land mass with 314
square kilometers (121 sq. mi); Candaba comes in second with 176 square kilometers (68
sq. mi); followed by Floridablanca with 175 square kilometers (68 sq. mi). Santo Tomas,
with an area of 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq. mi), is the smallest.
2.) CLIMATE
The province of Pampanga has two distinct climates, rainy and dry. The rainy or wet
season normally begins in May and runs through October, while the rest of the year is the
dry season. The warmest period of the year occurs between March and April, while the
coolest period is from December through February.
TABLE 2.2.9 :
Climate data for Pampanga

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average 30.5 31.5 33.1 34.5 34.0 32.6 32.0 31.2 31.4 31.6 31.4 30.5 32.0
high °C (86.9) (88.7) (91.6) (94.1) (93.2) (90.7) (89.6) (88.2) (88.5) (88.9) (88.5) (86.9) (89.7)
(°F)
Average 21.6 21.8 22.9 24.1 25.0 25.0 24.6 24.8 24.3 24.0 23.5 22.3 23.7
low °C (70.9) (71.2) (73.2) (75.4) (77.0) (77.0) (76.3) (76.6) (75.7) (75.2) (74.3) (72.1) (74.6)
(°F)
Average 5 3 4 5 13 20 22 22 22 17 15 8 156
rainy
days
Source: Storm247
54
3.) ADJOINING AREAS AND USES
The province is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast,
Bulacan to the east, the Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest, and
Zambales to the northwest.
4.) ACESS
Pampanga is approximately 66.7 km or 1 hour and 13 minutes from Metro Manila,

(from Manila City Hall to SM Pampanga according to Google Maps) and 80.9 km from
Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Pasay City. Pampanga is now easily accessible
thru the development of NLEX (North Luzon Expressway) that connects Metro Manila to
the provinces in Central Luzon.
B. Micro-Site Data
ANGELES CITY
FIGURE 2.2.2 :
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeles,_Philippines
55
BRIEF HISTORY OF ANGELES
From an obscure/humble lowly barrio of the now City of San Fernando, Angeles
City transcended history and overcame war and calamities – the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
being one of the most disastrous, to become one of the premier cities of the country
today.
Angeles City started in the clearing of a forested area in the northern portion of
San Fernando, carried out by a group led by Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda (then San
Fernando’s Capitan, the equivalent of a Municipal Mayor) and his wife, Dona Rosalia de
Jesus in 1796. The clearing was made into a new settlement, Culiat, after the woody vine
abundant in the area at that time until it became a barrio (now a barangay) of San
Fernando up to December 8, 1829.
The political separation of Culiat was made possible by the payment of Don
Angel of the full amount required by law for it to stand alone as a political unit. Payment
was made because the law then required that there should be at least 500 taxpayers in the
barrio before it could be made into a separate municipality, Culiat, however, at that time,
had only 160 taxpayers. Prior to the granting of Culiat’s political division, petitions were
already made in 1812, 1822 and 1828 but were all denied because the separation would
cut the tax collection of San Fernando. A fourth petition was made in 1829 by Don Angel
with his son-in-law, Dr. Mariano Henson, and the latter’s father, Don Severino Henson. It
was during this time and with payment made that the political separation of Culiat, was
finally granted.
Culiat was renamed “El Pueblo de los Angeles” (The Town of Angels) in honor
of its patron saints, “Los Santos Angeles Custodios” (The Holy Guardian Angels) and its
founder, Don Angel. Angeles had 661 residents, 151 houses and an area of 38.65 sq. km.
when it received its first municipal charter. Its original barrios were Sto. Rosario
(poblacion), Cutcut, Pampang, Pulung Anunas, San Nicolas, San Jose and Amsic.
56
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Angeles City is located in the Province of Pampanga, Central Luzon Region,

Philippines. It is bounded By Mabalacat City in the north, Mexico in the east, City of San
Fernando in the southeast, and Porac in the southwest.
ACCESS
Angeles City is approximately 83 kilometers north of Manila from the Rizal

Monument in Luneta Park to the old City Hall in the city poblacion. It can be accessed
through the MacArthur Highway, the newly rehabilitated North Luzon Expressway
(NLEx), and the newly constructed Subic-ClarkTarlac Expressway (SCTEx).
57
1.) BOUNDERIES / AREA AND LAND USE
In 1977, the estimated built-up area of Angeles City was 1,390.12 hectares
representing 22.36 percent of its total land area. In mid-2009 or 32 years after, this has
doubled reaching about 2,986.47 hectares which is equivalent to 48.03 percent of the
city’s total land area (Figure 1). This left the City with approximately 2,388 hectares of
patches of agricultural lands distributed across its territory.
It is bordered by Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San Fernando to the
southeast, Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest and west. Though the city
administers itself autonomously from Pampanga, it is the province's commercial and
financial hub.
Angeles is served by the Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone. Being
home of the former Clark Air Base (once the largest United States military facility
outside the continental United States), it was significantly affected by the fallout from the
eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The economy of Angeles was heavily dependent on
the American base at that time.
FIGURE 2.2.3 :
Existing general land use map of Angeles City, 1977
SOURCE : Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance 2010-2020, Angeles City
58
FIGURE 2.2.4 :
Existing general land use map of Angeles City, 2009
2.) TOPOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM
Angeles City has a generally flat to rolling topography. As shown in Figure

2.2.5, the city has some hilly areas in Sapangbato in the west, but is generally flat going
to the east. In terms of elevation, Angeles City is between 60 – 440 meters above mean
sea level. Also shown in Figure 2.2.6 is the drainage map of Angeles City consisting of
several creeks, predominantly draining to the Abacan River, the city’s main
drainage/river channel. The combination of sandy soil type, generally flat to rolling
slope, good elevation, and availability of natural drainage provided by its network of
creeks and river, are among the intrinsic advantages of the city as regards to natural
drainage. However, it has to address its localized flooding problems by upgrading its
man-made drainage systems to accommodate the growing volume of surface run-off
during rainy season. If not with those physical advantages earlier mentioned, localized
flooding in the city will be more pronounced.
59
FIGURE 2.2.5 :
Slope map of Angeles City
FIGURE 2.2.6 :
Drainage map of Angeles City
60
SOIL TYPE
Angeles City has two distinct soil types: Angeles Coarse Sand and Angeles Fine
Sand. These soils are well drained and friable which make them suitable both for
settlements development and agriculture. Sandy soils being porous have high water
absorption capacity and easily drains after a heavy downpour. The estimated
compositionof fine sand, silt and clay for the different soil types of Angeles City is found
in Table 7-1.
Table 2.2.10 :
The Predominant Soil Types in Angeles City, and their Percentage (%) composition of
Sand, Silt and Clay
PERCENTAGE (%) COMPARISON
NO SOIL TYPE
SAND SLIT CLAY
71 Angeles Coarse Sand 94.5 2 3.5
73 Angeles Fine Sand 79.5 14 5.5
In addition to organic matter or humus, a soil consists of three particles: clay, silt,
and sand. Clay particles have an estimated size at the maximum of 0.002 millimeters
across. The size of silt ranged from 0.002 – 0.05 millimeters. Sand, on the other hand, has
a width ranging from 0.05 - 2.00 millimeter. Angeles Coarse Sand is made up of 94.5%
sand, 2% silt, and 3.5% clay. On the other hand, Angeles Fine Sand is composed of
79.5% sand, 14% silt, and 5.5% clay. These textural descriptions of the top soils found in
Angeles City indicate that the area drains well internally. Yet the city experiences
localized flooding during rainy season and this is caused by the new land cover –concrete
pavement. As lands are being covered by concrete, rainwater can no longer percolate into
the sandy soil but goes to the storm drainage canals, which unfortunately have limited
capacities. Some recommendations and doable solutions to this concern are found in the
environmental management chapter of this document. In brief though, the city must
implement water-sensitive urban development designs that will not hamper the
penetration of rainwater intothe soil, such as the use of permeable paving blocks,
construction of infiltration ponds and canals, among others.
61
3.) WATER BODIES AND QUALITY
As previously discussed, the general slope direction of Angeles City follows the west
to east orientation. The city’s main drainage outlet is the Abacan River (the other rivers
and water channels found in Angeles City are shown in Figure 2.2.7). The interaction of
slope, sandy soil, and presence of numerous creeks and a relatively large river, make
Angeles City well drained and flood-free.
However, due to existing land uses and human activities, localized flooding is being
experienced in some parts of the city during the rainy season. Being highly urbanized,
most of its lands in the built-up areas are already paved. Paved surfaces cannot absorb
rain water and therefore deter infiltration into the soil no matter how sandy it is.
Storm drainage canals constructed several years back now easily overflow because
they have already reached their peak flood capacity. These inherent weaknesses are
amplified by other factors which include but not limited to: i) encroachment of road right-
of-way (illegal and formal settlers), ii) siltation of water channels, iii) indiscriminate
disposal of garbage, and to certain extent, iv) unplanned and unregulated property
development.
FIGURE 2.2.7 :
Rivers and Creeks in Angeles
62
4.) ORIENTATION IN RELATION TO SOLAR PATHS AND WIND PATHS
Angeles City has a Type I climate based on the Modified Corona System of Climate
Classification. This type has two (2) pronounced seasons, dry season from May to
November. In 2015, the maximum rain period is from April to December with the
heaviest rainfall registering in the month of July at 557.10 mm. The dry season starts on
January to March with March registering at 0.80 mm rainfall. The average hottest
temperature was 28.60C registered in the month of May and June.
The principal wind regimes affecting the area are the northeast wind flow from
January and February, and the southwest wind flow from June to September. The annual
prevailing wind in the area is southwesterly. In 2014, there is no direct hit of typhoon for
Angeles City. But the city was affected by four (4) tropical cyclones which were
Typhoon Cheding in April, Tropical Storm Kabayan and Typhoon Lando in October and
Typhoon Nonain December.
FIGURE 2.2.8 :
63
3. SECTORAL DATA
A.) GENERAL PUBLIC SERVICES
As provided by the Local Government Code of 1991, the mayor, the vice-mayor and
the ten (10) members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod are elected for a term of three (3)
years. The Code also states that the duly-elected president of the Liga ng mga Barangay
at the city level shall serve as the ex-officio member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
Elective local officials cannot serve for more than three (3) consecutive terms in the same
position.
As chief executive, the city mayor has the control and supervision of all city
government offices. He has also the power to appoint heads of offices and departments
in the local government unit with the consent of the majority of the members of the
sanggunian, except for the city treasurer who is appointed by the Secretary of Finance
from a list of at least three (3) ranking eligible recommendees of the city mayor. All
appointments are subject to Civil Service Laws, Rules and Regulations. The term of
office of the city administrator, city legal officer and city information officer is co-
terminus with that of the appointing authority.
The City Officials
Mandated city executive officials under the Code are the city treasurer, city assessor, city
accountant, city budget officer, city planning and development coordinator, city engineer,
city health officer, city civil registrar, city administrator, city legal officer, city
veterinarian, city social welfare and development officer, and a city general services
officer.
The Code, however, gives the city mayor the option to appoint a city architect, a city
information officer, a city agriculturist, a city population officer, a city environment and
natural resources officer, and a city cooperative officer as he deems necessary. It also
gives the Sangguniang Panlungsod the authority to maintain existing offices not in the
aforesaid list, create other offices as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of the
city government and consolidate the functions of any office with those of another in the
interest of efficiency and economy.
64
The Three Branches of the City Government
As in the national government, three interdependent branches operate with powers vested
by the Constitution of the Philippines: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and
the judicial branch.
The Executive is under the leadership of the President, while the Legislative has two
chambers—the Senate, which is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives as
the lower chamber. The Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of
the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
In the local level, on the other hand, the executive branch of the city government is
headed by the city mayor in the person of the Honorable Edgardo D. Pamintuan, together
with the following city government departments and office heads, as shown in 2.3.1.
TABLE 2.3.1 :
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

ANGELES CITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES
City Administrator’s Office Atty. Dennis Albert S. Pamintuan
Chief of Staff with their Respective Heads

Mr.2016
Alexander S. Cauguiran
Secretary to the Mayor Mr. Leonardo Kirk I. Galanza
City Council Secretary Atty. Eric V. Mendoza
City Treasurer’s Office Ms. Juliet G. Quinsaat
City Assessor’s Office Engr. Lea C. Dizon
City Accountant’s Office Mr. Wilfredo T. Tiotuico
City Budget Office Ms. Fe R. T. Corpuz
City Planning and Development Office Engr. David D. David
City Engineer’s Office Engr. Donato N. Dizon
City Health Office Dr. Lenario T. Santos
Local Civil Registrar Ms. Nenita T. Garcia
City Legal Office Atty. Reymon E. Fabros
City Social Welfare Development Office Ms. Heidi A. Patio
City Environmental & Natural Resources Office Ms. Ederlinda C. Valencia, OIC
65
City Information Office Mr. Archimedes C. Reyes
City Veterinary Office Dr. Mario B. Samson, Jr., OIC
City Human Resources & Management Office Ms. Elizabeth F. Lagman
City General Services Office Engr. Menandro G. Dizon
Ospital Ning Angeles Dr. Antonio G. Dizon
City College of Angeles Dr. Richard G. Daenos
City Agriculture Office Ms. Andrea B. Nacu
City Tourism Office Mr. John R. Montances
City Nutrition Office Mr. Arnel T. Calaguas
City Sports Office Mr. Rosver D. Pascua
City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Mr. Francis G. Pangilinan, Jr.
City Library and Information Office Ms. Agnes L. Gomez, OIC
City Cooperative Office Mr. Ferdinand P. Calma
Local Urban Poor Affairs & Housing Office Mr. Jericho L. Baldemor, OIC
Gender & Development Office Ms. Purita P. David
Office of the City Building Official Engr. Donato N. Dizon
Public Employment Service Office Ms. Maria Rosa Theodora L. Basilio, OIC
Public Transport Regulatory Office Mr. Rene B. Mariano
Angeles City Barangay Affairs Office Mr. Angelo T. Yanga, OIC
Office of the Senior Citizens Affair Ms. Gloria S. Tanhueco
AC Traffic Enforcement Management Office Mr. Danilo F.M. Concepcion
People’s Law Enforcement Board Atty. Josep Jepri M. Miranda
Angeles City Anti-Drug Abuse Council Ms. Anna Liza M. Suller
Program for Persons With Disability Mr. Philip A. Pelayo
Business Permit & Licensing Division Mr. Roxas G. Sangalang, Jr.
Public Market Operation Division Ms. Angela P. Dizon
City Meat Inspection Division (Slaughterhouse) Mr. Edwin C. Sicat
Quality Management System Ms. Chrysalene M. Cunanan
ACESCCORE Mr. Renato S. Zapanta
66
Information & Communication Tech. Div. Ms. Geraldine G. Bernardino
Environmental & Management System Engr. Donato N. Dizon, OIC
Civil Security Unit Mr. Crisostomo D. Pabalan
Department of the Interior & Local Government Mr. Martin Porres B. Moral
Office of the Auditor Ms. Judy M. Cayabyab
Registry of Deeds Atty. Bayani A. Maniquis
Department of Education Ms. Leilani S. Cunanan, CESO VI
Angeles City Police Office Acting City Director PSSUPT Patrick T.
Bureau of Fire Protection Villacorte

SINSP Josie G. Lising
Based on Local Government Code of 1991
The Legislative is represented by the Sangguniang Panlungsod presided by the vice-

mayor, Honorable Hon. Bryan Matthew C. Nepomuceno, together with its 10 duly-
elected councilors and the ex-officio member from the Liga ng mga Barangay (shown in
Table 2.3.2) Atty. Eric V. Mendoza is the City Council Secretary.
TABLE 2.3.2:
SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD
Vice-Mayor/Presiding Officer Hon. Bryan Matthew C. Nepomuceno
City Councilor/President Pro-Tempore Hon. Jericho G. Aguas
City Councilor/Majority Floor Leader Hon. Alexander P. Indiongco
City Councilor/Assistant Majority Floor Leader Hon. Edgardo D. Pamintuan Jr.
City Councilor/Assistant Minority Floor Leader Hon. Carmelo G. Lazatin, Jr.
City Councilor Hon. Joseph Alfie T. Bonifacio
City Councilor Hon. Danilo D. Lacson
City Councilor/Minority Floor Leader Hon. Jesus S. Sangil
City Councilor Hon. Amos B. Rivera
City Councilor Hon. Joseph G. Ponce
City Councilor Hon. Jae Vincent T. Flores
Ex-Officio Member Hon. Carlito M. Ganzon
Based on Local Government Code of 1991
67
Figure 2.3.1 : Angeles City Government Organizational Structure
68
B.) SOCIAL SERVICES

1.) EDUCATION
Elementary and Secondary Education
The total enrolment for three consecutive years of the Pre- Elementary,
Elementary and Secondary enrollment both for Public and Private Schools in Angeles
City. An increase in enrolment for three consecutive years in all levels in Public Schools
and the Secondary level for Private Schools was noted, while a slight decrease in
enrolment in the Pre-Elementary and Elementary Private Schools was noted.
Tertiary Education
Collegiate and post-graduate school enrolment, as well as the number of graduates

among the eight (8) private colleges and universities in Angeles City for three
consecutive school years. Holy Angel University (HAU) has the most number of
enrollees and graduates every school year.
List of School in Angeles ( Tertiary Level )
❖ AIE College
❖ AMA Computer College
❖ Angeles University Foundation
❖ Holy Angel University
❖ City College of Angeles
❖ Republic Central College
❖ Science and Technology Institute
❖ System Plus College Foundation
2.) HEALTH AND NUTRITION
For 2016, there are seven (9) private hospitals and one (1) government-owned in the
city. Among the hospitals, Angeles University Foundation hospital is the largest in terms
69
of bed capacity having a total of 170. Table 3-20A shows the hospitals in Angeles City
with their bed capacities, categories and classification.
There are forty – two (42) licensed clinics, nine (16) birthing homes including the six
Rural Health Unit of the government and twenty (29) diagnostic laboratories.
List of government and private hospitals in Angeles City:
NAME OF ADDRESS BED CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION

HOSPITAL CAPACITY
1. Rafael Lazatin Pampang, 120 Government Secondary
Memorial Angeles City
Medical Center
(ONA)
2. Angeles Mac Arthur 170 Private Tertiary
University Highway,
Foundation Lourdes Sur
Hospital East, Angeles
City
3. Angeles Rizal St., 100 Private Secondary
Medical Center Lourdes Sur,
Angeles City
4. Dr. Armando L. Rizal St., 100 Private Secondary
Garcia Medical Agapito del
Center Rosario,
Angeles City
5. St. Catherine of 4163 Rizal St., 40 Private Secondary
Alexandria Angeles City
Foundation
Medical Center
6. Sacred Heart Mac Arthur 75 Private Secondary
Medical Center Highway, Sto.
Domingo,
Angeles City
7. Holy Family 179 Sto. 25 Private Primary
Medical Center Entierro St.,
Sto. Cristo,
Angeles City
9. RS Clinic Rizal St., 15 Private Primary
Agapito del
Rosario,
Angeles City
10. Jongno East MC Frienship 7 Private Primary

highway,
Anunas
70
3.) HOUSING
The image of Angeles City as a place of economic opportunities (for employment,

business, etc.) has resulted to manifold of effects, both positive and negative. To-date,
there are more than a hundred subdivisions known in the city and many more are
expected to be developed in the future. These subdivisions range from the socialized class
to the exclusive or first class that would satisfy even picky property owners to be.
The potentials the city has resulted to many land developers to invest in commercial
and residential development leading to the scarcity of available land for both uses. Such
situation has pushed land cost to soaring levels making it difficult for our ordinary
working man to reach. Thus, many are forced to make do with make-shift houses built
on, more often than not, hazardous areas like riverbanks or flood-prone areas, near
railway tracks, etc.
The problem on informal settlers has been a continuing challenge to the city
government. The national government has done its part in giving decent housing to these
people particularly those affected by the Mt. Pinatubo disaster and those displaced by
national projects like the proposed North Rail Project.
4.) SOCIAL WELFARE
Angeles City’s social welfare is a composite of programs and services provided to a

segment of the population (individuals, families and communities) who are
disadvantaged or marginalized in terms of physical, mental and social well-being. The
programs and projects are provided to the disadvantaged sector to meet their minimum
basic needs, cultivate their self-reliance, and empower them so that they will become
active members of the community. These programs and services include community-
based services for children and youth; family and community welfare services; women’s
welfare; welfare of the elderly and persons with disabilities; community-based
rehabilitation programs for vagrants, beggars, street children, scavengers, juvenile
delinquents and victims of drug abuse; and emergency assistance.
71
5.) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
This sub-sector generally includes the provision of services that will redound to the
order and security not only of the residents in the locality concerned but its visitors and
guests as well. Specifically, it shows the number and types of crimes committed and their
solution efficiency. It also indicates the readiness of the locality to contain incidents of
fire.
ANGELES City has been cited by the Philippine National Police as the 5th most
peaceful city in the country. This completely reversed its erroneous report listing Angeles
among the top five cities with highest crime and drug cases. In its statement correcting an
earlier report, the PNP listed Angeles City as among the top five cities with the lowest
crime rate at 27.10, after Davao City’s 25.96 percent.
The top 3 cities with the lowest crime rates are Ormoc in Leyte, Cotabato in
Maguindanao and Puerto Princesa in Palawan. "I am relieved that the PNP immediately
corrected itself, because figures of the local police say otherwise. According to ground
reports collated by PNP-Angeles, our city in fact had lesser crime and drug cases
compared to previous years," said Angeles City Mayor Edgardo Pamintuan. Citing police
reports, he said all index crimes reduced from 1,019 cases in 2016 to 795 cases in 2017,
and to 324 cases in July 2018. From July 2017 to July 2018, murder was down by 22.22
percent during and robbery by 31.45 percent.
Drug related cases and arrests were also declining, according to him, from 322 cases
filed and 517 arrests in 2016 to 159 cases and 283 arrests made from January to July
2018. He also said that there have been no major drug busts since the discovery of an
alleged suspected and abandoned drug laboratory in Barangay Pampang in 2016. "There
were attempts to smuggle drugs through the Clark International Airport that were
intercepted. But Clark is not Angeles City. It is an autonomous freeport zone," Pamintuan
said. "And as far as I know Clark authorities are in full cooperation in guarding against
the entry of drugs through the airport," he added.
72
According to him, Angeles City has been cited for three consecutive years as the best
City Police Office (CPO) on the Regional level and among the top three best CPO on the
national level for 2018, by the PNP itself. "We should, in fact, congratulate our local
police and barangay officials for being more vigilant against crime and illegal drugs," he
said. He also said Angeles City has been consistently cited by the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA), the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
and the PNP itself for its anti-drug programs. (PR)
C.) ECONOMIC SERVICES

1.) AGRICULTURE
The economic landscape of Angeles City has been, for more than three decades,
taking a shift from a predominantly agricultural economy to one led by a growing service
sector and followed by industry. Areas for agriculture started to decline in post-war years
as lands were converted to other uses primarily for settlement because of increasing
population. Ancillary industries in the vicinity of the former Clark Air Force Base
supported the growth of services making the City magnet to non-Angelenos for a living.
The proliferation of industries after the Americans left particularly with the flourishing of
the Clark Special Economic and Freeport Zone has continued this process thus leaving
the city with just 35 percent of its total land area classified for agricultural use. Current
effective use is even lower at 20 percent of total land area.
Aside from contracting land area for agriculture, the sector is also saddled with
poor irrigation and difficulty in accessing financing for production. With these
constraints, production growth in the sector has been negligible. The city thus fears that if
conversion will go unabated and the constraints to agricultural production will continue,
it will totally lose its agricultural products that still make food cheaper for its population
and leave it dependent on import which can be procured at much higher price.
But the City’s current agricultural lands are mostly planted to sugarcane, which is
brought out of the city for processing, and to root crops. This hence leaves the City with
73
no option but to import food products from other areas. The City, for example, gets the
farm products sold at its food trade center, i.e., Pampang Public Market, from
Pangasinan, Baguio City, and Isabela among others. But as the City buys wholesale for
said products, the City is able to sell these at prices comparatively lower than other areas
in Pampanga, and as a result attract market goers from the City and even nearby
municipalities.
2.) TRADE AND INDUSTRY
The City had been a buyer’s destination for various goods and services. The
Pampang Market here is the center of trade for fresh farm products, while stores selling
all sort of merchandise also abound in the City. The City could further boost this role by
improving its market and access to its commercial and trading area to stimulate more
buying and selling of products.
Angeles City’s proximity to the Clark Special Economic and Freeport Zone and
its being traversed by two expressways, SCTEX and NLEX, accord it with a significant
opportunity for growth. The two expressways have made access to and from the City
easier, increasing as a result the City’s chances of inviting and maintaining more
economic activities as well as businesses. Serving as venue for investments in the region,
on the other hand, the CSEFZ presents opportunity for the growth of downstream or
auxiliary industries or services for locators in the zone and employment for the City’s
residents. It is therefore important that the City prepares its labor force to respond to the
requirement of the CSEFZ for labor, and for it to enhance its capacity to provide for the
needed support and inputs from downstream industries to be able to seize the benefits
presented by CFSEZ’s presence.
3.) TOURISM
Food has been Pampanga’s trademark. Food trippers and just about anyone wanting
to have a gastronomic experience flock to the province and anywhere Kapampangan food
is served to sample a taste of the Kapampangan cuisine. A sample of the more popular
fares and delicacies are Sisig, Kare-Kare, Kaldereta, Adobo, Adobong Kamaro, Halo-
Halo, and Polvoron. The above considering, Angeles City, as the center of commerce and
74
tourism in the region, can tap on this strength by highlighting and promoting the City as a
showcase of Kapampangan cuisine and culinary skills and build on what it currently has
to further boost its attraction.
❖ HEALTH TOURISM
Angeles City has, along with the City of San Fernando, the concentration of the
most number of hospitals in the region. It has thirteen (13) tertiary hospitals and
twenty (20) health and wellness spas. The City therefore, as it continues to receive
increasing number of tourists, could build on its health facilities and services and
upgrade it to the level that would allow it to attract and provide health care services to
the growing segment of the medical tourism market.
❖ SHOPPING TOURISM
Aside from the small commercial establishments that abound in Angeles City, big
malls now have added to the City lures. One can choose from the five malls located
here, namely: SM, Robinsons, Marquee Mall, Jenra, and Nepo Mall for shopping
compared to two in the City of San Fernando. For tourists and avid shoppers,
therefore, Angeles City is a natural magnet as it provides more options for consumers.
The City could use this advantage as leverage for attracting interests on the City for
shopping and other activities that would further stir its economy.
❖ ENTERTAINMENT TOURISM
Influenced by the U.S. military presence during the time of the former Clark Air
Base, entertainment joints grew in Angeles City and eventually earned for it the “Sin
City” image. While such branding puts a negative connotation to the City, it
nonetheless has directed the spotlight on the City and drew to it more businesses and
trips for fun and entertainment. Though such is the reputation Angeles City has
gained, it can nonetheless use this to tap on the entertainment market and build on
what it currently offers by expanding to more wholesome entertainment that can cater
to all types and mix of tourists and local visitors.
75
4.) EMPLOYMENT
In the absence of available data on employment at city level, regional-level data

from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) is used in the following discussion.
The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of Region III for 2016 was 62.10%. It
is slightly higher than2015which was 61.50% or a 0.98% increase. The LFPR is the
percent out of the total population which makes up the labor force, which are those
individuals that are aged 15 years and above who are either employed or unemployed.
This means that for 2016, 62.10% of the total population ages 15 years and above of
Region III makes up the labor force. Out of the LFPR, the employment rate for2016 is
93.40%, which is a slight improvement of 1.30% when compared to 2015which was
92.20% and 0.55% when compared to 2014which was 91.70%. Moreover, an average of
17.23% of the employed are underemployed for2016, 14.64% for 2015 and 14.72% 2014.
5.) BANKING
For 2016, there are a total of 79 banks in the city. All kinds of banks have opened up
their branches in the city, from Universal, Commercial, Rural, Savings, Micro Finance,
Banking and Thrift banks, catering to all the banking needs of the city population. These
banks offer services such as loans, e.g. car loan, housing loan, and business capital loan,
bank assurance, online and mobile banking, asset management, etc., accept bill payments,
money remittance, foreign exchange, etc. At present, there are 1
Universal/Commercial/International, 34 Universal banks, 13 Commercial banks, 12
Savings banks, 15 Rural and 2 Thrift banks, 1 Banking, 1 Micro Finance Banking and 1
government bank in the city.
D.) PHYSICAL INFRASTRACTURE

1.) TRANSPORTATION
76
As of 2016, Angeles City has a total of 229.113 kilometers road length, giving a
road density of 3.615 kilometer for every square kilometer. Using the city’s projected
population data 2016, its kilometer road density per 1,000 population is 0.53 which is
lower than the standard urban road density of 2.4 kilometer per 1,000 population ratio.
Furthermore, Angeles City has a paved road ratio of 0.90.
❖ MacArthur Highway. This is the oldest inter-regional highway that connects

Northern and Central Luzon provinces from the national metropolis. Its original
name was the Manila North Road but was renamed MacArthur Highway, after it
was concreted in the middle of the twentieth century. This was the route traveled
by the American Liberation Forces led by General Douglas MacArthur from
Pangasinan province to Manila when they liberated the country from Japanese
occupation forces.
❖ North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) formerly known as North Diversion Road.
This is a limited-access toll expressway that connects Metro Manila to the
provinces of the Central and Northern Luzon Regions.
NLEx begins in Quezon City specifically at a cloverleaf interchange withEpifanio
Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA), and then passes through Caloocan City and
Valenzuela City in Metro Manila, Meycauayan, Marilao, Bocaue, Guiguinto,
Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, San Simon, City of San Fernando, Mexico and
Angeles City in Pampanga. The expressway currently ends at Mabalacat and
merges with the MacArthur Highwayand the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway
(SCTEx), which continues northward into the rest of Central and Northern Luzon
for the former and westward for the latter.
❖ Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx). This 94-kilometer four-lane
expressway started its operation in April 2008. It serves as a direct and exclusive
road connection between major development areas of Central Luzon (Subic,
Clark, Tarlac). Its southwestern terminus is at the Subic Bay Freeport Zone in
Zambales, then passes through the interchanges with the North Luzon
Expressway near the Clark Special Economic Zone in Angeles City, and Central
Techno Park in Tarlac City, Tarlac; and its northeaster terminus is in La Paz,
Tarlac.
77
2.) BRIDGES
As per Inventory of Bridges obtained from the City Engineer’s Office, there are a
total of seventeen (17) city bridges and six (6) national bridges. These bridges have good
to fair condition.
3.) WATER SUPPLY
Angeles City Water District (ACWD) serves 30 barangays in the city except
BarangaysAmsic, Balibago and part of Malabanias. These barangays are served by
private waterworks systems as well as the other subdivisions in the city.
4.) POWER
Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC), a private company is the sole provider of

power supply of the city. It serves the 33 barangays in Angeles City and has a total of
16,852 electric posts as of 2015. The source of power supply and its generating capacity
are as follows:
❖ 72 megawatts purchased from the National Power Corporation (NPC)

❖ 22 megawatts generated by the Angeles Power Incorporated (API)
❖ 6 megawatts generated by its power plant in PulungMaragul
The locations of its metering sub-stations are: Calibu Sub-stationin Calibutbut,

Bacolor, Pampanga; Milenyo Sub-station in Clark Freeport Zone; Petersville Sub-station,
PulungMaragul, Angeles City; and Pampang Sub-station in Arayat Blvd., Pampang,
Angeles City.
5.) COMMUNICATION
There are five (5) telecommunications in the city with three (3) offering landline
services namely: Datelcom Corporation, Digital Telecommunications Philippines, Inc.
and Philippine Long Distance Company (PLDT). These telephone companies are
interconnected.
78
Globe Telecom, Smart Telecommunications, Inc. and Sun Cellular (Digitel Mobile
Philippines, Inc) are offering mobile services. At present, there are fifty or more Cellular
Mobile Telecommunication System (CMTS) Cell Sites in the city. The extent of cell site
distribution in the city corroborates the fact that mobile communication coverage and
services has expanded sufficiently.
6.) DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT
Being highly urbanized, most of its lands in the built-up areas are already paved.
Paved surfaces cannot absorb rain water and therefore deter infiltration into the soil no
matter how sandy it is. Storm drainage canals constructed several years back now easily
overflow because they have already reached their peak flood capacity. These inherent
weaknesses are amplified by other factors which include but not limited to: i)
encroachment of road right-of-way (illegal and formal settlers), ii) siltation of water
channels, iii) indiscriminate disposal of garbage, and to certain extent,iv) unplannedand
unregulated property development
The Abacan River and Sapangbalen Creek are the two (2) major river channels that
serve as the main conduits of the city in emptying drainage waste and rain water.
The city government through the City Environment and Natural Resources Office
(CENRO) conducts regular clean-up drive of rivers and creeks. On the other hand, the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the City Engineer’s Office
(CEO) conduct clearing and dredging operations of clogged tributaries of rivers and
creeks.
The City Engineer’s Office (CEO) implements its urban drainage system program to
make the flood control and drainage system in the city effective.
7.) TRANSPORT TERMINAL
Jeepneys and tricycles are the common mode of transportation in the City due to the
convenience and affordability they offer to the public.
There are four (4) transport terminals which cater the outside city limit PUJs. These are:
79
1. SM Clark Terminal/Bayanihan Clark catering to the north bound sector such as

Angeles to Bamban, Capas, Concepcion, Mabalacat, Madapdap, Sta. Lucia, Dau-Check
point, Clark to Main Gate via Ex-Way-SM and Dau to Maingate;
2. Marquee Terminal caters to the East Bound Sector such as Angeles to Arayat,
Magalang, Mawaque, Pandacaqui and SM Pampanga via Pandan;
3. Nepo Mart Terminal caters to the West Bound Sector such as Angeles to
Manibaug, Porac, Salu-Balubad;
4. Essel Park Common Terminal which caters to the South Bound Sector such as
Angeles to Bulaun, San Fernando and Friendship-Telabastagan.
A bus terminal is located at Marquee Mall which is 0.40 km. from city hall. This serves
only as drop-off point of provincial buses going to and coming from North Luzon.
❖ RAIL NETWORK
A fast and reliable transport system, a railway is an alternative mode to the mainly
road based transportation system in the country.
Since 1989, the Philippine National Railway (PNR) has been trying to revive the
mainline north which will serve the provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan,
Nueva Ecija, La Union and Ilocos.
The North Rail project is meant to decongest Metro Manila by providing a fast,
efficient and reliable mass transport system for people and goods between Metro Manila
and Central and North Luzon
The project has two options. The first involves the reconstruction of the existing 32.2
kilometer single track line into a double track using the PNR line connecting Fort
Santiago and Clark. Anotheroption is a high-speed rail, using the old PNR alignment or
the North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) alignment to connect Manila to Clark.
The Philippine government is pushing through with the development of the North
Rail Project in time with the plans of making Clark Airport as the country’s major
gateway.
80
❖ AIRPORT
Clark International Airport (CIA) is the main airport serving the immediate vicinity of
Clark Freeport Zone (CFZ). This is being managed by the Clark International Airport
Corporation (CIAC), a government owned and controlled corporation and is currently
being developed to be the country’s major gateway.
As of the end of December 2013, CIA is averaging at least two hundred sixteen (216)
flights per weekto both international and domestic destinations. This caters various air
carriers, among them are Air Asia of Malaysia flying Clark to Hongkong, Kuala Lumpur,
Singapore, Taipei-Taoyuan, Davao, Kalibo and Palawan; Asiana Airlines of Korea flying
Clark to Busan, Seoul-Incheon in South Korea; Dragon Air of Hongkong flying Clark to
Hongkong; Jin Air of South Korea flying Clark to Seoul-Incheon in South Korea; Qatar
Airways flying Clark to Doha; Qatar Emirates flying to Dubai and local carriers like
Cebu Pacific Air flying Clark to HongKong, Thailand, Macau, Singapore and Cebu; Air
Philippines flying Clark to Hongkong, Cebu, Kalibo and Davao and Tiger Air Philippines
also flies Clark to Davao, Kalibo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok.
4. INDUSTRY PROFILE
1.) ECONOMIC BASE
Angeles City tourism performance reached unprecedented heights as it bagged the

“Destination of the Year” award at the first-ever Sports Tourism Awards event
spearheaded by Selrahco Management with distinguished panel of judges from both the
public and private sectors representing the Philippine Olympic Committee, Philippine
Sports Commission, Department of Tourism, Strategic Works, Inc. and Selrahco
Management. Awarding rites was held at the Resorts World Manila on November 22,
2016.
81
Year-round special events, intensified social media promotions, outdoor advertising,

participation in travel and tourism expositions, hosted VIP tours and tri-media exposure
resulted to the increased awareness and positive reputation of Clark as a tourist
destination.
Most of the Philippines tourists consist of Asians, specifically from Korea, Japan and
China which accounted for 46.37% of the total tourist arrivals. The number of East Asian
tourist rise to 279,693, which is 33.71% more than their number of 209, 175 arrivals last
May 2016. The number of tourist from North America reached 100,165 which increased
by 13.92% from last May 2016.
2.) TOURISM
According to the Department of Tourism, tourist attractions are classified into nine
(9) types, which are as follows: 1) Nature, 2) History and Culture, 3) Industrial Tourism,
4) Sports and Recreational Facilities, 5) Shopping, 6) Customs and Tradition, 7) Special
Event, 8) Health and Wellness, and 9) Others. It is really fortunate that Angeles City has
most of these. It may already be a highly urbanized city (HUC), but still, it has natural
attractions that can draw tourists. The Sibol and Puning Hot Spring, all in Barangay
Sapangbato, are worth visiting. With other types of tourist attractions, it has a galore of
them. All tourists, regardless of age and preference, will surely find something of interest
to them in the city. In addition to these tourists’ attractions the City initiated the
construction and development of people’s parks. To date, there are 6 of these parks
conveniently located within the city where people can relax and enjoy the open space
without having to spend. Children are the ones who benefit the most because they can
enjoy the parks’ open spaces.
Angeles City is famous for being a recreation center, especially its night spored by
the decades-long presence of American military forces. Today, Angeles City is not only
limited to this kind or type of tourist attractions. There are historical sites, sports and
recreational facilities, resorts and spas, malls, etc. which will surely keep tourists busy.
One of the flagship projects of the city is the development of the Heritage district – Plaza
Anghel at Barangay Sto. Rosario. Its primary objective is cultural preservation and
restoration. To achieve this, the city adopted a policy on construction design and
82
materials specifically for this area that will evoke the ambience of the era. Sidewalks and
even the roads in the vicinity were transformed appropriate of the period.
The variety of cuisines, both local and international, could very well induce visitors to
indulge in a gustatory trip. Actually there are travel operators in the city which specialize
in culinary tourism. For 2016, the number of accommodations (hotels/motels) improved,
from 126 in 2015 to 153 in 2016, registering an increase of 21.43%. The same goes for
restaurants, their number also increased for 2016 with 480 against 377 for 2015,
representing an increase of 27.32%. Also registering an improvement in number is
resorts, with 6 compared to 4 from the previous year. However, a decline in the number
of spas, from 102 in 2015 to 82 in 2016, or 19.61%decrease.
3.) INFRASTRUCTURE
❖ TRANSPORTATION
Angeles City, due to its strategic location has a relatively significant resident
population and predominantly service economy. There is a continuous movement
of people and goods from one location to another. Hence, it attracts a very large
amount of inter and intra city traffic. Consequently, the city continues to deal with
its substantial demand for transportation.
Accessibility and mobility, therefore, are the city’s most indispensable
commitment.
❖ UTILITIES
Utilities include water supply, power and telecommunication systems which are
essential for the continued improvement in the quality of life and growth of the
city.
BarangaysAmsic, Balibago and part of Malabanias. These barangays are served
by private waterworks systems as well as the other subdivisions in the city.
Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC), a private company is the sole provider of
power supply of the city. It serves the 33 barangays in Angeles City and has a
total of 16,852 electric posts as of 2015.
83
2.2 PRIMARY DATA
In order to gather primary data, the proponents conducted some interviews to

different agencies and people concerning the proposed project. The following are the key
informants in the interviews:
1.) Ami Victoria A. Dacanay ( Head, City Planning and Development Office,
Angeles City
❖ Comprehensive Land use and Planning (Macro)
❖ Projects and program within the province especially tourism, commercial and
recreational facilities.
❖ Possible/Feasible lot and location of the project.
Figure 2.1.1-A. Research in Angeles City Hall
2.) Arch. Robert Y. Arceo (Zoning Officer, City Planning and Development
Office, Angeles City Hall)
❖ Comprehensive Land use Plan (Micro)
❖ Angeles City Background and Profile
❖ Consolidated Ordinances
84
❖ Reactions and suggestions to the study.

❖ Possible/Feasible lot and location of the project.
3.) Ainge Paul C. Yumul (City Assessor, Angeles City)

❖ Lot Tax Declaration
85
4.) MarQuee Residences, Angeles City, Pampanga

❖ Visit and Experience in the Project’s Case Study
❖ Observation
❖ Financial Statement
5.) Philippine Statistics Authority(PSA) Region III

John Rey T. Duay, Statistical Analyst
❖ Updated Population Growth
❖ Regional Total and Average Family Income and Expenditure by
Income Class
86
87
2.3 TABLE AND GRAPHS
Table 2.3.1-A. Tabulation of Surveys (Question 1)
88
89
90
91
92
2.2 CASE STUDIES
❖ This chapter deals in analysing existing related structures, groups, localities and
situations and getting information that are not available in textbooks and other referable
sources that have the same connection with the proponent’s project.
2.2.1 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
❖ SCOPE
The scope of these case studies focuses on architectural solutions, schemes, and
different system that will be utilized as to be supplemented in the entire research
process. Each case study is related to the project, and tends to give the proponents
references toward the development of a design solution.
❖ DELIMITATIONS
The scope of these case studies focuses on architectural solutions, schemes, and
different system that will be utilized as to be supplemented in the entire research
process. With regards the other aspects such as the structural analysis, structural
system, structural computations of loads, soil boring test, mechanical system and
specifications, construction methods, sociological and economic aspects are not
included and won ‘t tackle much more in each and every detail.
93
2.2.2 CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY NO. 1. DYNAMIC LUXURY IN THE HEART OF THE CITY

Project: Shangri-La at the Fort Manila (Local)
❖ General information
Status: Complete
Type: Mixed-Use
Location: 5th Avenue corner 30th Street, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro
Manila, Philippines
Opening: March 1, 2016
Cost: US$250,000,000
Owner: Shangri-La Asia, Ltd., Shang Properties, Alphaland
Management: Shangri-La International Hotel Management
❖ Technical details
Floor count: 60
Floor area: 130,000 square metres (1,400,000 sq ft)
94
Design and construction: Architect Handel Architects (design architect); Hirsch

Bedner Associates (interior design)
Developer: Shangri-La Asia, Ltd. Structural engineer: DeSimone Consulting Engineer

Shangri-La at the Fort is a 5-star luxury hotel and mixed-used building in Bonifacio
Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It opened on March 1, 2016 and one of
the three hotels managed by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts located in Metro Manila,
Philippines. The hotel has 576 rooms and suites, Shangri-La Hotel and Residences;
Horizon Homes with 97 residential units, 7 restaurants, an entertainment club, and a café.
At 250m tall, it is one of the top four tallest skyscrapers in the Philippines.
❖ Design
US-based Handel Architects is the design architect of the building and Hirsch
Bedner Associates will undertake the interior design for hotel guestrooms, hotel
residences and the hotel public areas. The structural design is being performed by
DeSimone Consulting Engineers. The design is being completed using an
earthquake engineering design philosophy called Performance Based Design
(PBD).
❖ Facilities
Rooms and Suites The hotel has 576 rooms and suites. Room design elements
include accents of marble and silk, with light Italian wood that complements the
cityscape.
❖ Restaurants and Cafés
High Street Café – International
High Street Café is a modern-day marketplace concept with nine kitchens featuring
daily international dishes cooked according to one‘s preference.
Canton Road – Chines
Located On Level 3, Canton Road Offers Cantonese And Huaiyang Cuisine.
Raging Bull Chophouse & Bar – Western
Raging Bull Chophouse & Bar offers dry-aged steaks and Western grilled items.
Samba Poolside - Poolside Bar
Located on the 8th level pool deck, Samba Poolside offers a collection of South
American dishes by the pool.
❖ Limitless – Entertainment
95
Limitless is an entertainment club that features an extensive mix of artisan

cocktails, music and private VIP suites.
Kerry Sports Manila

Kerry Sports Manila, with an expanse of 8,000 square meters and two dedicated
floors of fitness facilities is located on Levels 5 and 6 of Shangri-La at the Fort,
Kerry Sports Manila offers an NBA-grade indoor basketball court, two tennis
courts, two squash courts, an outdoor lap pool with an entertainment and dining
area, extensive gym facilities, exercise studios, and a wellness spa with nine
treatment rooms. The complex also houses an Adventure Zone, a multi-level indoor
playground for children, with activities for three age levels and children‘s party
rooms.
CASE STUDY NO. 2. THE GREENEST BUILDING AND SMART BUILDING

(Foreign)
The Edge, Amsterdam

❖ Project Team Details
Developer: OVG Real Estate
Architects: PLP Architecture
96
Main Tenant: Deloitte

Interior Architects: Fokkema & Partners
Structural Engineer: Van Rossum
Consulting Engineers
MEP Consultant: Deerns
Local Architect: OeverZaaijer
Sustainability Consultant: C2N Bouwmanagement
Building Physics: LBP Sight
Landscape Design: Delta Vorm Groep
Contractor: G&S Bouw Façade
Contractor: Rollecate Glass
Roof: Brakel Atmos
Advisors: Deerns, HC Groep
Partners: Philips & MapiQ
The Edge is a 40,000m² Office building in the Zuidas business district in Amsterdam.
It was designed for the global financial firm and main tenant, Deloitte. The project aimed
to consolidate Deloitte’s employees from multiple buildings throughout the city into a
single environment, and to create a ‘smart building’ to act as a catalyst for Deloitte’s
transition into the digital age.
The overall concept
To be exemplary, to stand out from the crowd as a future proof office that raises standards
in the Netherlands and internationally. But no rating can fully convey the success of the
project on a social level: happy, comfortable and healthy workers who are more productive
because of the environment they work in.
Exemplary Innovation
BREEAM helped the team to develop an office building that is not only energy neutral but
also energy positive. The Edge uses 70% less electricity than comparable office buildings.
The roof and the south-facing facade incorporate the largest array of photovoltaic panels
of any European office building, and an aquifer thermal energy storage system provides all
of the energy required for heating and cooling. A heath-pump was applied to this storage
system significantly increases efficiency. These and several other innovations (see below)
have ensured that The Edge scored particularly well on innovation credits.
97
Occupancy, movement, lighting levels, humidity and temperature are continuously

measured, and using smart technology – including Ethernet-powered LED connected
lighting – the building systems respond to maximise efficiency. But the real outcome of
The Edge is not just the reduction in water and energy use of its own users, but also the
project’s role as a feasible, high quality example of new technologies, new ways of
designing, and news ways of working.
Environmental Features
Orientation – The building’s orientation is based on the path of the sun. The atrium bathes
the building in northern daylight while the solar panels on the southern facade shield the
workspaces from the sun.
Façades – Each facade is uniquely detailed according to its orientation and purpose:
❖ Load bearing walls to the south, east and west have smaller openings to provide
thermal mass and shading, and solid openable panels for ventilation.
❖ Louvers on the south facades are designed according to sun angles and provide
additional shading for the office spaces, reducing solar heat gain.
❖ Solar panels on the south facade provide enough sustainable electricity to power
all smartphones, laptops and electric cars.
❖ The North facades are highly transparent and use thicker glass to dampen noise
from the motorway.
❖ The Atrium façade is totally transparent, allowing views out over the dyke, and
steady north light in.
Smart lighting – The building’s Ethernet-powered LED lighting system is integrated with
30,000 sensors to continuously measure occupancy, movement, lighting levels, humidity
and temperature, allowing it to automatically adjust energy use.
Solar panel roof – 65.000 sq ft of solar panels are located on the facades and roof, and
remotely on the roofs of buildings of the University of Amsterdam – thereby making use
of neighborhood level energy sourcing.
Energy reuse – The atrium acts as a buffer between the workspace and the external
environment. Excess ventilation air from the offices is used again to air condition the
atrium space. The air is then ventilated back out through the top of the atrium where it
passes through a heat exchanger to make use of any warmth.
Rain water reuse – Rain water is collected on the roof and used to flush toilets, and irrigate
the green terraces in the atrium and other garden areas surrounding the building.
Thermal energy storage – Two 129m deep wells reach down to an aquifer, allowing
thermal energy differentials to be stored deep underground.
98
Light over Ethernet – In The Edge a new LED-lighting system has been co-developed
with Philips. The Light over Ethernet (LoE) LED system is powered by Ethernet and 100%
IP based. This makes the system (i.e. each luminaire individually) computer controllable,
so that changes can be implemented quickly and easily without opening suspended ceilings.
The luminaires are furthermore equipped with Philips’ ‘coded-light’ system allowing for a
highly precise localisation via smartphone down to 20cm accuracy, much more precise
than known WiFi or beacon systems.
The mobile app – personalised workspaces – Every employee is connected to the
building via an app on their smartphone. Using the app they can find parking spaces, free
desks or other colleagues, report issues to the facilities team, or even navigate within the
building.
Data – The vast amount of data generated by the building’s digital systems and the mobile
app on everything from energy use to working patterns, has huge potential for informing
not only Deloitte’s own operations, but also our understanding of working environments
as a whole. Discussions are currently ongoing regarding the future of this data and its use
for research and knowledge transfer.
Ecological corridor – The greenspace that separates the building from the nearby
motorway acts as an ecological corridor, allowing animals and insects cross the site safely.
CASE STUDY NO. 3. ONE MANDANI BAY, CEBU (Local)
Mandani Bay is pleased to introduce its first office tower – One Mandani Bay, a
building compliant with international standards in responsive infrastructure, professionally
managed, and equipped to be a globally competitive business hub.
99
Using the best aspects of glass and concrete, One Mandani Bay appears emblematic of
modern architecture. The ample use of lines on the surface of the building articulate both
lightness and strength.
The developer builds purpose into business by using the best practices in sustainable
design. Like other buildings in the property, this office tower is registered with the
Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence (BERDE) program and is
accredited by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA).
Located within the fully master-planned development of Mandani Bay, One Mandani Bay
benefits from the best nature-embracing aspects of the completely integrated property –
environmental sustainability, well-thought-out expanses between structures reminding
tenants to breathe and downshift from time to time, and thoughtful spaces that make for
better human connections.
Sustainably built. Ecologically responsive. State-of-the-art. This architectural gem is not
only part and parcel of the development’s master plan; it is also the beginning of Mandani
Bay’s adv Classification Grade A Office Building
❖ Number of Floors 30
❖ Number of Elevators 9 for Passengers
❖ 1 for Service
❖ Typical Floor Plate Area 2,382 sq. m.
❖ Total Number of Units Approximately 196
❖ Unit Sizes Approximately 80 – 345 sq. m.
Tenants and guests are welcomed into the building through a wide porte cochère
porte cochère – a canopied receiving area and drop-off center located right along F.E.
Zuellig Avenue. Raised two meters above street level, this feature is not only unique to
One Mandani Bay as an office tower; it also maintains privacy while allowing for
maximum access to and from Mandani Bay.
A landscaped garden right at the frontage creates a vibrant welcome that preludes to the
fine spaces that await within the structure.
The Grand Lobby, One Mandani Bay’s defining space, includes a café lounge and an
unenclosed exhibit center. This entrance hall alone embraces a 500-square-meter floor area
with a double- height ceiling, expansive glass panels, walls covered in subtle natural
finishes, and nine elevators. With this much space, the Grand Lobby allows for prized art
pieces or automobiles to be displayed or select public events to be hosted without
100
disrupting the to and fro of tenants and guests of the building. ancement as Cebu’s next
business district.
2.2.3 SUMMARY and RECOMMENDATIONS

Hotels are considered an important economic component to any community. Prior to
establishing incentives for hotel development, a city or municipality should conduct an
economic impact study to estimate the economic benefits that results from the
development. This assessment should evaluate the economic benefits of the initial
investment both in the short term and over the long term.
Considering all the cases studied regarding accommodation and leisure in different
locations with different architectural design, the proponents find the importance of
accommodation and leisure that will give way to a better relaxation facility, efficiency way
of living, and will surely bring opportunities for the economic condition of our society
through commerce and tourism industry.
The architectural design of a project must be sustainable and economic friendly. Also,
the environment value and the cultural aspect of Angeles City must be considered and
preserved before the construction. Thorough study and planning are highly advisable to
make the proposed project adequate to users and for the people concerned.
Materials and labor are distinctive elements to consider to achieve the project’s goal's
efficient use, effective and safe service to ensure the durability and long-term use of the
structure.
C. RESEARCH TOPIC
An efficient high-medium end mixed-use building is the main topic of the research.
Various things need to be considered before going through further studies, the site, its
vicinity and people around it, the current on-going businesses in relation with the research
topic and the effectiveness of the project to the community and its people.
THE RESEARCH BODY

The recent advancement in digital technology, buildings have become a complex series
of systems, structures, and technologies. The passage of time, each entity inside the
101
building has undergone a series of transformation. Building owners are now considering
the connection of each component in the building as well as in the environment in a
dynamic and integrated way.
The main focus is to design a sustainable and cost-effective development which
minimizes the negative environmental impact of buildings by enhancing efficiency and
limitation in the use of materials, energy and development space.
Base on the case studies of the proponents, the aim of the proposed project focuses on
the development of new urbanism, it is a human-scale urban design which redirects on the
"one-stop-shop" concept meaning, everything is close proximity, it is within reach. By the
use of all these case studies as a reference, it’s possible to accomplish something and can
produce much better design concepts, methods, and strategies for future use.
APPLICATION
The research topic, a Condominium-Hotel with Commercial Hub that is suitable for
the site location. The study aims to determine the feasibility of compact development to
promote the practice of new urbanism and to avoid incompetent development in Angeles
City in respect to its cultural heritage.
In summary of all these, the proponents utilize the information and ideas from all the
relevant case studies and researches that can be applied to the proposed project. The
designers must think precisely and consider multiple things in designing and achieving a
project in a way that is feasible, good design practices and the significant factors that a
condotel should adapt which helped the proponents to conceptualize and arrive to solutions
on how designing a structure can be resilient and will showcase the essence and functions
of the design that surely is beneficial to the structure and its inhabitants for future
generations.
102
CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA
3.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1.1 IDENTIFICATION/ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS
The Philippines has the 3rd largest English speaking population in the world, and
Angeles City is one of the lowest cost destinations in Asia. These are influential
factors as to why more and more expatriates and foreign investors are considering
the country for settlement or as the base of their operations.
Due to increase in demand of business developments a need for residential spaces,

office spaces, commercial spaces, and recreational that features and demonstrates
how development can be integrated to form major open spaces arouse. A
development that reduces pollution and becomes part of the environment – an
environment-friendly facility for the comfort and healthy living. These needs were
the key to solve the problems by architectural solutions.
❖ Environmental Health Development

❖ Use of passive design strategies to lessen the building’s energy
consumption.
❖ Creating buildings that are clustered in zones and “any space left
over” is considered “open space” that will help in lessening the
traffic and travel time of the vehicles which will result to a lesser
fuel consumption and carbon footprint emission.
❖ The application of green building design technologies that will not
just add to the building’s aesthetic but also will help in the
improvement of the quality of the environment.
❖ Economic Development
❖ Provision of a High-end hotel for tourists and visitors
103
❖ Business and Commercial buildings

❖ Social Reform and Empowerment
❖ Creating a business and commercial area which will be working
beyond the operational hours of the vicinity.
❖ Creating new job opportunities for the people reducing the
unemployment rate of the vicinity
3.1.2 RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Based on the gathered data, conducted interviews and observations made by the
proponents of the thesis, the dilemmas were identified and will act as the core on
identifying the architectural solutions.
❖ Increasing demand mainly for residential space due to Economic Growth

and Urbanization
❖ Shortage for accommodation for tourist in Angeles City especially during
its peak season and in the near future due to rapid increase of annual
tourist arrival.
❖ The increase in demand of hotel accommodations due to the influx of local
and foreign tourists and investors in Angeles, City due to the renovation
and expansion of Clark International Airport.
3.1.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Tourist were engaged in tourism, in line with the expanding number of tourist
coming in to Angeles City, it is necessary to sustain the needs of the tourist who
travels for rest and recreation and business purposes.
The researchers’ aims to study the feasibility of putting up a self-contained

Mix-Used Development to continually boost its high class facilities and tourist
attraction, to be renowned all over the world as a Spot or place of High class
accommodations with a deluxe ambiance, facilities and its hospitality. The project
promotes a modern technology adventure facility which interacts with landscape
104
of the open spaces. The present generation was inclined in modern technology
which most of the country around the world deals today. Philippines as part of the
mounting republic of the Pacific, the researchers recommends of establishing
something that will sustain the need of the tourist while on their stay on vacation
to the country. The project also promotes new technology which takes the risk of
sustaining a demand rather of its supply.
3.2 THE SITE
3.2.1 BACKGROUND
Angeles City, before it was known as such was but a small settlement led by
Captain Mayor of San Fernando, Don Angel Pantalion de Miranda. It was named as
“Culiat”, which name derived from a woody vine that was abundant in the area at that
time. People who inhabit the place were the Negrito Tribesman.
The proposed project “THE FRONTERA” site is located in Cutcut, Angeles,

Pampanga which is accessible to any form of service be it by land or air.
Angeles City recorded a total population of 326,336 as of 2010. The growth rate
is estimated at 2.32%. The City of Angeles has a total land area of 60.27 km2 (23.27 sq
mi) which is divided into different land use like residential (34.25%), agricultural
(39.43%), and then followed by commercial, industrial, institutional facilities and parks.
The city is located in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is bordered by Mabalacat
City to the north; Mexico to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the
couth; and Porac to the southwest and west.
Business investments in 2000 amounted to P3, 021,728,527.07. The Clark Special

Economic zone, which is bound on the north of the city, has a total of 276 business
establishments included in the Clark Development Corporation. In 2001, the city was also
featured as one of the “Hot Cities for Business”. With the vast resources and increase in
the labor force, Angeles is surely a hot spot for investment. The development of Clark
105
Economic Zone is another plus factor to choose Angeles City as an investment site.
Businesses with brighter prospects include electro- electrical manufacturing, textile and
clothing, transportation equipment, household goods, food processing, technology-related
industries, commercial complexes, mass housing, tourism-related businesses, export
and import activities, aviation services, and training centers.
3.2.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
The site selection criteria helps the proponents to justify each proposed site
and by selecting the best site to rise and design the proposed project, these chosen
considerations must be analyzed and evaluated. The desirable economic, social and
environmental characteristics of the propose project need to be reviewed and a site chosen
that comes closest to fulfilling those requirements.
The site selection for the structure has an utmost consideration of the following:
❖ Location
An important consideration is the location of the property in relation to the
services inhabitants will need to access, such as shopping, medical, schools and
transportation. Location of the site may also have a significant impact on
the cost of the project. It will have to strike a balance between meeting the
needs of inhabitants and the final location the project.
❖ Adequate Size of Location

The area should have enough setback to existing infrastructures and large enough
to utilize the maximum potential of the site.
❖ Site Availability
Site Availability is often one of the main constraints to choosing a site. Ownership
or title to the land must be clarified and the relevant planning, building and
environmental consents obtained. If compulsory acquisition is not possible, an
106
agreement to purchase or rent the land will need to be made with the landowner.
This may be a private owner, a local authority or a community.
❖ Accessibility
Ideally, the site should be easily accessible during all times of the year regardless
of weather and temperature effects on paths, walks or roads. If possible, it is located
away from traffic congestion points with multiple exits to distribute traffic from the
site.
❖ Traffic Flow Movement

Sites should have easy and safe ingress and egress. Traffic flow movement must
also be considered to achieve traveling accessibility. The road right of way must
not be short for it might cause heavy traffic when the project is already functioning.
❖ Site Topography
The shape, slope and soil conditions of a piece of property will all have an impact
on the practicality of development. Whether the natural contours support or hinder
the planned development or not and provide topographic relief or views.
❖ Demography
It must be located on a highly urbanized and highly populated area.
❖ Good Soil Condition

Good physiographic and geologic condition of the site is also considered so the
project will be economical in terms of structural and civil works. The site must not
be prone to liquefactions for good structural stability.
❖ Environmental Impacts
Free from hazards that may affect the health of the user and the health of the people.
The site must contain trees and shrubs that will provide green and natural shading.
Environmental impacts include, but are not limited to: excessive noise or physical
107
hazard from railroad, vehicular, or air traffic; stored hazardous materials on or near
the sites; mine shafts; gravel pits; and prime agricultural soils classification.
❖ Minimal or Flood-Free Site

Flood waters can damage structures and contents. It may carry silt, raw sewage, oil,
or chemical waste that may harm the health of the residents and employees as well.
To improve productivity and less risk to accommodators, one of the needed criteria
is to select a flood free site.
❖ Utility Management
The availability of services to a site is another important consideration, as it is
expensive to bring or upgrade water, sewer, power and other utilities, as well as
roads and sidewalks, to a piece of property.
3.2.3 SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION
Site selection has an important bearing on planning and designing of buildings.

Generally, therefore, the proponents have either to make a choice of suitable site or to
plan the building structure to suit the available site. The general factors in selecting a site
for building construction were mentioned above and will be used as a guideline to justify
the potential of the site.
Accordingly, the proponents were very particular regarding to the location needed
for a compact development. With the help of various departments/offices as well as their
officials the proponents have come up with the following sites:
108
SITE I
LOCATION: CUTCUT, ANGELES,

PAMPANGA
TLA: 45,673 sq. m.
SITE II
LOCATION: Clark Freeport Zone, Along

M. A. Roxas Highway
TLA: 23, 548 sq. m.
SITE III
LOCATION: San Jose, City of San

Fernando, Pampanga
TLA: 23, 548 sq. m.
109
CRITERIA SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3

I. REGIONAL
Climate (temperature, storms, rainfall, etc 4 3 4
Soil (stability, fertility, depth) 4 4 3
Water Supply and Quality 4 4 4
Economy (rising stable, declining) 4 4 3
Transportation (highways and transit) 4 3 3
Energy (availability and relative cost) 3 3 3
Landscape Character 3 4 3
Cultural Opportunities 4 3 3
Employment Opportunities 4 3 4
Health Care Facilities 4 4 3
Major Detraction 3 3 3
Exceptional Facilities 3 3 3
II. COMMUNITY
Travel Experience (pleasant or unpleasant) 4 3 3
Community Ambience 4 3 4
Schools 4 4 3
Shopping 3 4 3
Churches 4 3 3
CulturalOpportunities (library,auditorium) 4 3 4
Public Services (fire, police, etc.) 3 4 3
Safety and Security 4 4 3
Medical Facilities 4 4 3
Governance 4 3 3
Taxes 4 3 3
Major Detractions 3 3 3
Exceptional Features 3 3 3
III. NEIGHBORHOOD
Landscape Character 4 4 3
Lifestyle 3 4 4
Compatibility of Proposed Uses 4 3 3
Traffic Ways (access,hazard, attractiveness) 4 4 3
Schools 4 3 3
Conveniences (school, services, etc.) 3 4 3
Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces 3 4 3
110
Exposure (sun, wind, storm, planning) 4 3 3

Freedom from Noise 4 3 3
Utilities (availability and cost) 3 4 3
Major Detraction 3 3 3
Exceptional Features 3 3 3
IV. PROPERTY
Size and Shape (suitability) 4 3 4
Aspect from Approaches 4 4 3
Safe Entrance and Egress 4 4 4
On-Site feel 4 3 3
Permanent trees and Cover 3 3 3
Soil (quality and depth) 3 4 3
Site Drainage 4 4 4
Adjacent Structures 3 4 3
V. BUILDING SITE
Topographic Fit 4 3 3
Gradient of Approaches 4 4 3
Views 4 4 3
Privacy 4 4 4
Freedome from noise and glare 4 4 4
Rating Guide:
1 - Severe Limitation 3 - Good

Condition
2 - Moderate Constraint 4 - Excellent
Condition
With the help of the site selection criteria and study of the sites given by the
government agencies, the proponents have identified the strengths and
weaknesses of each site.
TOTAL SITE SELECTION RATING
SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3

ANGELES CLARK SAN FDO.
111
REGIONAL 58 47 39
COMMUNITY 48 44 44
NEIGHBORHOOD 46 44 37
PROPERTY 29 29 27
BUILDING SITE 20 19 17
TOTAL 80.4 73.2 65.6
The final result, through the method of site selection, shows that the highest rated site was the site
1 which is located at the Cutcut, Angeles City, Pampanga. Of all the listed criteria for the process
of selecting the appropriate site for the project, site 1 was considered the best possible site better
than the two others.
3.2.4 SITE ANALYSIS
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Pampanga
The Philippine province of Pampanga in located in Central Luzon. It has a small land
area of 2,203.28 square kilometers, which forms part of the central plain extending from
Manila Bay north to the Gulf of Lingayen.
Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales to the west, Tarlac and
Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast. Pampanga also lies on the
northern shore of Manila Bay. Angeles City, although within the geography of
Pampanga, is classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has a government
independent of Pampanga.
Angeles City
The City of Angeles has a total land area of 60.27 km2 (23.27 sq mi) which is divided
into different land use like residential (34.25%), agricultural (39.43%), and then followed
by commercial, industrial, institutional facilities and parks. The city is located in the
province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is bordered by Mabalacat City to the north; Mexico
to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the couth; and Porac to the
southwest and west.
112
Angeles City is a fast growing urban center in Central Luzon. With the development of
the Diosdado Macapagal International Airport as a premier international gateway,
Angeles City has a bright economic prospect. It is also centrally located in the heart of
the largest agricultural region of the country. Moreover, it is located at the intersection of
two expressways. Thus, the city is poised to become a logistics center.
MAP OF THE PHILIPPINES
MAP OF PAMPANGA
MAP OF ANGELES CITY
THE SITE
113
The province has a total land mass of 2,180.68 square kilometers. Its terrain is relatively
flat with one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat and the notable Pampanga River. Among
its municipalities, Porac has the largest land mass with 343.12 square kilometers;
Candaba comes in second with 208.7 square kilometers; followed by Lubao with 155.77
square kilometers.
Climate
The province of Pampanga has two distinct climates, rainy and dry. The rainy or wet
season normally begins in May and runs through October, while the rest of the year is the
dry season. The warmest period of the year occurs between March and April, while the
coolest period is from December through February.
Economy
Tourism is a growing industry in the province of Pampanga. Clark Freeport Zone, in

Angeles City and Mabalacat, is home to Diosdado Macapagal International Airport,
Luzon's second International Airport and designated as the Philippines future premier
gateway site. Within the Clark Special Economic Zone are well established hotels and
resorts.
PANORAMIC VIEW OF SITE
114
VEGETATION CONDITION
ROAD NETWORKS
115
3.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
ACCESSIBILTY
Ease accessibility for local and foreign tourist due to existence of airport near the
location.
ROAD
Road networks are well-developed. Low-Flood Susceptibility on the site. Has many
entry points because it is connected to multiple road networks.
WEAKNESSES
TRANSPORTATION
There is a lack of public transportation though the site is bounded by a major

road.
OPPORTUNITIES
EMPLOYMENT
A Job opportunity for the people in the vicinity and adjacent cities since it is also
made to produce employment.
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Existence of Clark International Airport near the site that provides massive volume
of foreign and local tourist arrivals.
THREATS
COMPETITION
Increase competition to other developments.
116
3.2.5 BASELINE STUDIES
Maps
Source: City Planning and Development Office, Angeles City

FIGURE 1 : Zoning Map
117
Thematic or Analytical Maps
FIGURE 1 : Topographic Map
118
FIGURE 1 : Slope Map
119
FIGURE 1 : Road Map
120
FIGURE 1 : Base Map
121
FIGURE 1 : Hazardous Map
122
FIGURE 1 : Flood Map
123
FIGURE 1 : Earthquake Harzardous Map
124
Existing Standards
Quality Standards
D.O.T General Rules on the Operation of Tourist Related Establishments
❖ Fire Fighting Facilities
These facilities shall be provided in accordance with the fire code of the
Philippines.
❖ Maintenance
All facilities of the establishment concerned shall be properly maintained at all

times. A periodic vermin control program should be conducted.
❖ Air-conditioning & Ventilation
All enclosed areas of the establishment concerned shall be fully-air-conditioned or

well ventilated.
Quality Standards
According to R.A. 9266 otherwise known as The Architecture Act of 2004, height
clearance certificates shall be first secured from the Air Transportation Office (ATO)
before a building permit may be issued for the construction of buildings/structures
located within 4.00 kilometer radius of the runway ends of an aerodrome regardless of
height; From 4.00 kilometer to 24.00 kilometer radius of the runway ends of an
aerodrome where turbo-jet aircraft operate and exceeding 45.00 meters in height above
elevation of the runway, and from 4.00 kilometer to 10.00 kilometer radius of the runway
ends of an aerodrome where no turbo-jet aircraft operate and exceeding 45.00 meters in
height above the elevation of the runway.
Performance Standards
Design Guidelines for new Entertainment Complex and Leisure
❖ Attract visitors and locals to the leisure through support functions
125
❖ Open space is vitally important in the development and sustainability of

communities
❖ Create a regional Philippine architecture design suitable for the local landscape
using contemporary materials and building technologies
❖ Create a structure that is expressive and an obvious component of the architectural
form
❖ Entertainment Building should be sustainable on its operations
❖ Dual use of design for economic support during the off season
❖ Be an iconic building for the locality that citizens would be proud of.
3.2.7 FACTORS AND ISSUES RELEVANT TO THE SITE
Physical Data
Geology And Soil
Geology
The entire area of the Angeles City is characterized by the Cenozoic Era which is
said to be the most recent of the three (3) major eras of the Earth’s history; the other two
are the Mesozoic and Paleozoic Eras. The Cenozoic or the Age of Mammals spans only
about 65 million years, starting from the end of the Cretaceous Period and the extinction
of non-avian dinosaurs up to the present. The Cenozoic is divided into two main sub-
divisions: the Tertiary and the Quaternary. Most of the Cenozoic is the tertiary which is
from 65 million year ago to 1.8 million years ago. On the other hand, the Quaternary
includes only the last 1.8 million years. This shows that the rock formation and minerals
of the Angeles belongs to the Cenozoic Era. Rocks of the same species of fossils belong
to the same age.
Two main Quaternary rock formations underlay the Angeles City: the Recent
Alluvium and the Pleistocene Bamban Tuff. The Pleistocene Bamban Formation
comprises continental tuff and tuffaceious sandstone as upper member and sandstone,
shale and conglomerate as lower member.
126
Soil Type
Angeles City has two distinct soil types: Angeles Coarse Sand and Angeles Fine
Sand. These soils are well drained and friable which make them suitable both for
settlements development and agriculture. Sandy soils being porous have high water
absorption capacity and easily drains after a heavy downpour.
Water
Barangays Amsic, Balibago and part of Malabanias. These barangays are served by
private waterworks systems as well as the other subdivisions in the city.
Topography
Angeles City has a generally flat to rolling topography. The city has some hilly
areas in Sapang bato in the west, but is generally flat going to the east. In terms of
elevation, Angeles City is between 60 – 440 meters above mean sea level. The drainage
map of Angeles City consisting of several creeks, predominantly draining to the Abacan
River, the city’s main drainage/river channel. The combination of sandy soil type,
generally flat to rolling slope, good elevation, and availability of natural drainage
provided by its network of creeks and river, are among the intrinsic advantages of the city
as regards to natural drainage.
Climate
Angeles City has a Type I climate based on the Modified Corona System of
Climate Classification. This type has two (2) pronounced seasons, rainy season from May
to November. In 2016, the maximum rain period is from May to October with the
heaviest rainfall registering in the month of August at 514.30 mm. The dry season starts
on December to April with March registering the least rainfall at 0.50 mm. The average
hottest temperature was 29.90C registered in the month of April and May.
The principal wind regimes affecting the area are the northeast wind flow from
January and February, and the southwest wind flow from June to September. The annual
prevailing wind in the area is southwesterly. In 2016, there is no direct hit of typhoon for
127
Angeles City. But the city was affected by three (3) tropical cyclones which were
Typhoons Karen and Lain in October and Tropical Storm Nina in December.
Ecology
The economic landscape of Angeles City has been, for more than three decades,
taking a shift from a predominantly agricultural economy to one led by a growing service
sector and followed by industry. Areas for agriculture started to decline in post-war years
as lands were converted to other uses primarily for settlement because of increasing
population. Ancillary industries in the vicinity of the former Clark Air Force Base
supported the growth of services making the City magnet to non-Angelenos for a living.
The proliferation of industries after the Americans left particularly with the flourishing of
the Clark Special Economic and Freeport Zone has continued this process thus leaving
the city with just 35 percent of its total land area classified for agricultural use. Current
effective use is even lower at 20 percent of total land area.
Man-made structures
Roads and Bridges
The transport network in Angeles City is largely based on a system of roads and a
lone airport. The national and local government transport policies have been geared
towards the development of arterial roads to link the major urban centers with each other
Expansion and improvement of roads should be given more priority in order to address
the increasing traffic volume in the city.
Land Transportation Facilities and Services
Various modes of land transport abound in Angeles, ranging from colorful

jeepneys and buses, tricycles, multicabs, pedicab.
Jeepneys and tricycles are the most popular modes of transport within the area as
well as jeepneys, are generally available in the downtown areas and in the vicinity of
hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and entertainment centers within the city.
128
Air Transportation Facility
Clark International Airport (CIA) is the main airport serving the immediate vicinity of
Clark Freeport Zone (CFZ). This is being managed by the Clark International Airport
Corporation (CIAC), a government owned and controlled corporation and is currently
being developed to be the country’s major gateway.
As of the end of December 2013, CIA is averaging at least two hundred sixteen (216)
flights per week to both international and domestic destinations. This caters various air
carriers, among them are Air Asia of Malaysia flying Clark to Hongkong, Kuala Lumpur,
Singapore, Taipei-Taoyuan, Davao, Kalibo and Palawan; Asiana Airlines of Korea flying
Clark to Busan, Seoul-Incheon in South Korea; Dragon Air of Hongkong flying Clark to
Hongkong; Jin Air of South Korea flying Clark to Seoul-Incheon in South Korea; Qatar
Airways flying Clark to Doha; Qatar Emirates flying to Dubai and local carriers like
Cebu Pacific Air flying Clark to HongKong, Thailand, Macau, Singapore and Cebu; Air
Philippines flying Clark to Hongkong, Cebu, Kalibo and Davao and Tiger Air Philippines
also flies Clark to Davao, Kalibo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok.
Cultural Data
Angeles City recorded a total population of 326,336 as of 2010. The growth rate
is estimated at 2.32%. The language used is Kapampangan, but Tagalog and English
language is also spoken and understood anywhere in the province.
The projected population by barangay in the year 2016. Barangay Balibago is the
most populated barangay with 41,907 people, while Virgen Delos Remedios has the least
population at 1,726. In terms of land area, Barangay Sapangbato is the largest at
1,261.57 hectares, while Virgen Delos Remedios is the smallest at 8.12 hectares. The
densest barangay is Sta. Trinidad at 342 people/hectare and Sapangbato has the least
density of 9 people/hectare.
129
The City of Angeles has a total land area of 60.27 km2 (23.27 sq mi) which is
divided into different land use like residential (34.25%), agricultural (39.43%), and then
followed by commercial, industrial, institutional facilities and parks. The city is located
in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is bordered by Mabalacat City to the north;
Mexico to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the couth; and Porac to the
southwest and west.
DATA CORRELATION
ABC HOTEL
FIGURE: ABC Hotel
This luxury hotel brims with party facilities and gimmicks. From the 3-storey
entertainment, fitness, and wellness club to the KTV rooms and hotel suites with private
6-seater bar & dance stage, the party options and extraordinary blowouts at the ABC
Hotel. The ABC entertainment resort is located in the heart of the entertainment strip of
Angeles City, at the entrance of Clark Freeport, 10 minutes from Clark Airport and across
the road from SM Shopping Mall.
PROS:
❖ A short drive from the airport

❖ Wide selection of rooms and suites, all with balconies
❖ Multiple restaurants include Korean fare and Asian-Mediterranean fusion
❖ Spa offering massage treatments, plus decent-sized gym
❖ Extensive indoor and outdoor meeting facilities plus wedding services
130
❖ Free Wi-Fi throughout
CONS:
❖ Some room decor is a bit staid

❖ Complaints of spotty Wi-Fi
❖ Certain rooms have unimpressive views of other buildings
3.3 BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS

Figure 3.3.1 Development Major Building Zone
CONDOTEL
OFFICE FRONTERA COMMERCIAL

SPACES SPACES
RECREATIONAL
SPACES
131
Figure 3.3.2 Activity Flow Of Administrative Head
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
DEPT. RECEIVING AREA
ADMIN OFFICE
MALL
EXECUTIVE
MALL
OFFICE
MALL MALL
132
Figure 3.3.4 Activity Flow of Public to Administrative Office
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
FOOD STALLS COMFORT RM
INFORMATION AREA
ADMINISTRATION
RECEIVING AREA
EMPLOYEES OR
DEPARTMENT
OFFICE
LEAVE
133
Figure 3.3.5 Activity Flow Of Staff / Employee
STAFF ENTRANCE
LEAVE
STAFF LOUNGE
DEPT RECEIVING
AREA
OFFICE AREA /
CUBICLE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
CONFERENCE
ROOM FILE STORAGE
134
Figure 3.3.6 Activity Flow of Guest to Accommodation Room
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
INFORMATION AREA
CONCIERGE
BOOK
ROOM
ROOMS
LEAVE
135
Figure 3.37 Activity Flow to Water Leisure
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
FOOD STALL COMFORT ROOM
RECEPTION
AREA
POOL
LEAVE
136
Figure 3.3.8 Activity Flow of Guest to Water Leisure
ROOMS
LOBBY / RECEPTION
POOL
SHOWER
ROOM
137
Figure 3.3.9 Activity Flow of Public to Commercial Stalls
ENTRANCE /
LOBBY
INFORMATION /
RECEPTION AREA
STALLS
LEAVE
138
Figure 3.3.10 Activity Flow of Guest to Commercial Stalls
ROOMS
LOBBY /
RECEPTION AREA
STALLS
139
FIGURE 3.3.2 Environment- Behavior Studies
THE AESTHETIC VALUE OF

MOST TOURISTS WON'T THE TERMINAL OR THE
END UP LEAVING THEIR DEVELOPMENT AS A WHOLE
TRIP WITHOUT IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT IN
EXPERIENCING THE THE EYE OF THE TOURIST.
LOCATION TRADE
PRODUCTS AND IT SERVE AS A MARKET
CRATFS. STRATEGY TO INVITE TOURIST
AND MAKE THEM DECIDE TO
IT IS NOT JUST AN EXPERIENCE THE BEAUTIFUL
ADDITIONAL A MENITY AND RELAXING AMBI ENCE
FOR TOURIST. WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE
ACTIVITIES AVAILABLE
WITHIN THE AREA
APPEALING
SHOP AESTHETIC
TOURIST
THEMATIC
CULTURAL
EXPERIENCE VALUE
MOST TOURIST ARE TOURIST LOOK FOR A

TRIGGERED DESTINATION THAT IS
TO GO ON A TRIP TO RICH IN CULTURE AND
EXPERIENCE SOMETHING AN ENTHUSIAST TO
THEY EXPLORE ITS NATURE
DON'T USSUALLY DO OR SEE. INCLUDING LOCAL
TO COMPLETELY ENJOY THEIR COMMUNINITY.
VISIT, IT INCLUDE
ENTERTAINMENT AND
CONVENIENCE TO EACH
AC TIVITY THEY MAY TAKE
Figure 3.3.1A Environment- Behavior Studies
140
Figure 3.3.2A Tourist Behavioral Analysis
TOURIST
AESTHETIC
VALUE TO VISIT
SAFETY
ACTIVITY TO
OFFER
LEISURE AND
ENTERTAINMENT
ACCOMODATION
141
3.3.3 INTERRELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
Table 3.3.1 Matrix diagram (Organization Office)
LEGEND : DIRECT INDERECT NOT ACCESSIBLE

DEPT. DEPT. CONFERENCE TOILET FILE /
HEAD STAFF ROOM FACILITIES STORAGE
OFFICE AREAS
HEAD OFFICIALS /
ADMINISTRATOR
ORGANIZATIOB
STAFF/
EMPLOYEES
OTHER EMPLOYEES
VISITORS
GUEST
GENERAL PUBLIC `
Table 3.3.1 Matrix diagram (Site Major Facilities)

ACCOMODATION COMMERCIAL `PARK
HEAD OFFICIALS /
ADMINISTRATOR
ORGANIZATIOB
STAFF/
EMPLOYEES
OTHER
EMPLOYEES
VISITORS
GUEST
GENERAL PUBLIC
142
Site Bubble Diagram

UTILITIES
AMENETIES
PARKING
UTILITIES
CONDOTEL
OFFICES
AMENETIES
CONDOTEL COMMERCIAL
SHOPPING
STALLS
COMMUNAL
SPACE
FOOD FOOD
STALLS STALLS
SHOPPING
STALLS
LAND
TRANSPORTATION PARKING SLOTS
TERMINAL
ACCESCIBLE PRIVATE PUBLIC PATH LIMITED ACESS
Figure 3.3.3A Site Bubble Diagram
143
Figure 3.3.4A Residential Condominium Bubble Diagram:
SERVICE
CLINIC VERTICAL
ACESS TO
ROOMS
LOBBY
PUBLIC ADMIN
RESTROOMS OFFICE
ENTRANCE
144
Figure 3.3.5A Office Tower Bubble Diagram:
VERTICAL
ACESS TO
OFFICES
CLINIC
OFFICES
SERVICE
PUBLIC LOBBY
RESTROOM
ADMIN
OFFICE
COMMERCIAL
ENTRANCE
145
3.4 VIABILITY STUDIES
3.4.1 TECHNICAL VIABILITY & ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT ASSESSMENT
TECHNOLOGY
Without a doubt, green building is on the rise as global trends attest. The benefits of
green buildings that draw businesses into sustainable construction: Greater health and
productivity topped the list of social reasons for companies going green in their
construction. On the other hand, energy-saving led to environmental reasons, with water
use reduction, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and natural resource conservation placing
second in different regions.
With green building becoming a critical part of today’s world, more and more new
construction technologies are being developed to keep up with this escalating shift to
sustainability. From maximizing the use of renewable resources to minimizing carbon
footprint, whether in constructing a new sustainable building or greening existing
infrastructure, these seven construction technologies aim to save the planet:
❖ Using sustainable construction materials

Biodegradable materials such as natural paints, which are void of the volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) typically found in their traditional counterparts, eliminate indoor
pollution and decompose naturally without contaminating the earth.
❖ Building Automation System (BAS)

Complete autonomous control of an entire facility is the goal that any modern
automation system attempts to achieve. The distributed control system - the computer
networking of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the mechanical, security,
fire, lighting, HVAC and humidity control and ventilation systems in a building or across
several campuses.
146
The Building Automation System (BAS) core functionality is to keep building climate
within a specified range, light rooms based on an occupancy schedule, monitor
performance and device failures in all systems and provide malfunction alarms.
Automation systems reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a non-
controlled building. Typically they are financed through energy and insurance savings and
other savings associated with pre-emptive maintenance and quick detection of issues.
❖ Green architecture with cross-ventilation

In some cases, simply tweaking a building’s design can save on energy use and benefit
occupants by taking advantage of on-site light and air. This green architecture design
allows the free flow of natural light and air into high-rise condominiums.
❖ Storm-water management
Storm-water management aims to mitigate erosions in rural areas and floods in urban
locations brought about by sudden downfalls of rain. This is done by landscaping areas in
order to manage the huge volumes of water in the wake of heavy storms. There are many
storm-water management practices, and one of these is using plants through green
infrastructure.
Plants, whether in small containers, in strips on the ground or on green roofs, help
absorb water and purify it in the process as storm-water passes through the greenery and
the soil. In addition to that, plants have long been known to improve air quality as they
absorb carbon dioxide.
❖ HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning)

HVAC equipment perform heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial or
industrial buildings. The HVAC system may also be responsible for providing fresh
outdoor air to dilute interior airborne contaminants such as odors from occupants, volatile
organic compounds (VOC’s) emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals used for
147
cleaning, etc. A properly designed system will provide a comfortable indoor environment
year round when properly maintained.
Due to destruction in the environment and global warming, Mechanical engineers need
to include the following parameters in their design:
❖ Energy conservation
o Compute required Roof and wall insulation
o Compute heat load or reduction due to envelope design, building orientation
❖ Protection of the Environment
o Machines with higher energy efficiency
o Minimize distribution losses
o Control and monitoring system of equipment
o Lighting design, zoning
❖ Health and well-being of the occupants
o Ventilation system design
HVAC SYSTEM
❖ Low-emittance windows and smart glass

New materials are developed as smart, sustainable upgrades of traditional
materials, as they effectively deal with the natural elements. For instance, a green
version of windows are low-emittance windows, which are coated with metallic oxide
to block the sun’s harsh rays during summer and keep the heat inside in the winter.
More than serving the conventional function of windows, low-emittance windows
significantly bring down HVAC costs.
A more advanced version of this, which has yet to be widely and commercially
available, is smart glass, also known as electro chromic glass. Using a small amount
of electricity, the smart glass charges ions to control the amount of light it reflects. In
effect, this glass tints during the sun’s peak hours and returns to transparent at night.
Low Emissivity Glass
Low-e coatings have been developed to minimize the amount of ultraviolet and
infrared light that can pass through glass without compromising the amount of visible
light that is transmitted.
148
When heat or light energy is absorbed by glass it is either shifted away by moving air
or reradiated by the glass surface. The ability of a material to radiate energy is known as
reflective materials have a low emissivity and dull darker colored materials have a high
emissivity. All materials, including windows, radiate heat in the form of long-wave,
infrared energy depending on the emissivity and temperature of their surfaces. Radiant
energy is one of the important ways heat transfer occurs with windows. Reducing the
emissivity of one or more of the window glass surfaces improves a window‘s insulating
properties.
COST
1. Project Cost
❖ Declaration of Real Property
Owner: Private
Total Area: 45,673 SQ. M
2. Land Acquisition Value

❖ Declaration of Real Property
Value: 68,509php
3. Building Cost / Estimated Building Cost
The building development cost shall be computed at estimated 30,000-60,000 PHP

per square meter based on complexity and function.
FRONTERA (BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST)

COMMERCIAL STALLS & RENTABLE OFFICES
TOTAL
NO. OF PARAMETER TOTAL
FLOOR AREA
FLOORS COST COST
(sq. m)
BASEMENT FLOOR
1 7,248.29 25,000 php 181,207,250
PLAN
GROUND FLOOR
1 11,427.67 40,000 php 457,106,800
PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1 11,427.67 40,000 php 457,106,800
THIRD FLOOR PLAN 1 7,428.76 40,000 php 297,150,400
149
4TH FLOOR PLAN

(HOTEL LEISURE
1 7,428.76 40,000 php 297,150,400
FLOOR & SKY
GARDEN)
SUBTOTAL 1,689,721,650
CONDOTEL (TOWER 1 PHASE 1)
5TH-12TH TYPICAL
8 4,144.26 40,000 php 1,326,163,200
FLOOR PLAN
13TH FLOOR PLAN
(PENTHOUSE &
1 4,144.26 40,000 php 165,770,400
CONDO LEISURE
FLOOR)
14TH FLOOR PLAN
1 1,372.08 25,000 php 34,302,000
(MECH. FLOOR)
SUBTOTAL 1,526,235,600
5TH-12TH TYPICAL
8 4,144.26 40,000 php 1,326,163,200
FLOOR PLAN
13TH FLOOR PLAN
(PENTHOUSE &
1 4,144.26 40,000 php 165,770,400
CONDO LEISURE
FLOOR)
14TH FLOOR PLAN
1 1,372.08 25,000 php 34,302,000
(MECH. FLOOR)
SUBTOTAL 1,526,235,600
Note: This computation is just a preliminary estimate of the proponents
TOTAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST

Tower 1 php 1,526,235,600
Tower 2 php 1,526,235,600
Office & Commercial php 1,689,721,650
TOTAL php 4,742,192,850
4. Site Development Cost
Computation for site development was based on “Guidelines for Site Development Cost”
by WILLIAM PENA.
1. SITE PREPARATION
Estimate 1 % to 3 % of building cost.
ESTIMATED SITE PREPARATION COST
150
TOTAL ESTIMATED ON-SITE UTILITIES COST 71,132,893

2. SIDEWALKS AND TERRACES

Estimate 1%to 7% of building cost.
TOTAL ESTIMATED SIDEWALKS AND TERRACES 142,265,785.50
3. WALLS AND SCREENS

Estimate 0.50 % to 2.5 % of building cost.
ESTIMATED WALLS AND SCREENS
TOTAL ESTIMATED WALLS AND SCREENS 47,421,928.50
4. ON-SITE UTILITIES
ESTIMATED SITE PREPARATION COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED ON-SITE UTILITIES COST 47,421,928.50
5. OFF-SITE UTILITIES
ESTIMATED OFF-SITE UTILITIES COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED OFF-SITE UTILITIES COST 142,265,785.50
6. STORM DRAINAGE
Estimate 0.50 % to 2.50 % of building cost.
ESTIMATED STORM DRAINAGE COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED STORM DRAINAGE COST 47,421,928.50
7. LANDSCAPING
ESTIMATED LANDSCAPING COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED LANDSCAPING COST 47,421,928.50
151
8. OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Estimate pedestrian lighting 1 % of building cost; parking lighting lump sum per car
ESTIMATED OUTDOOR LIGHTING COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED SITE PREPARATION COST 47,421,928.50
9. BREAKWATER
Estimate 10% of building cost
ESTIMATED BREAKWATER COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED BREAKWATER COST 474,219,285.00
FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT

Estimate 40% of Total Construction Cost
ESTIMATED FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT COST
TOTAL ESTIMATED FURNISHING AND
1,896,877,140.00
EQUIPMENT COST
TOTAL SITE DEVELOPMENT COST

SITE DEVELOPMENT PERCENTAGE OF BCC ESTIMATED COST
SITE PREPARATION 2% 71,132,893
SIDEWALKS AND
142,265,786
PARKING 3%
WALLS AND
47,421,929
SCREENS 1%
ON-SITE UTILITIES 1% 47,421,929
OFF-SITE UTILITIES 3% 142,265,786
STORM DRAINAGE 1% 47,421,929
LANDSCAPING 1% 47,421,929
OUTDOOR LIGHTING 1% 47,421,929
BREAKWATER 10% 474,219,285
1,066,993,391
TOTAL ESTIMATED PROJECT CONSTRUCTION COST

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST 4,742,192,850
SITE DEVELOPMENT COST 1,066,993,391
LAND ACQUISITION 68,509,500
FURNISHING AND EQUIPMENT 1,896,877,140
TOTAL 7,774,572,881.25
152
ANNUAL EXPENSES
OPERATING COST AND EXPENSES RATE ESTIMATED COST
TAXES AND LICENSES 10% 48,982,567.04
SALARIES AND BENEFITS 8% 39,186,053.63
ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS 5% 24,491,283.52
DEPRECIATION 5% 24,491,283.52
COST OF SALES 5% 24,491,283.52
ORDINARY REPAIRS AND
4% 19,593,026.82
MAINTENANCE
UTILITIES 1% 4,898,256.70
PARKING FEES 3% 14,694,770.11
COMMUNICATION AND
1% 4,898,256.70
TRANSPORTATION
TOTAL 191,032,011.46
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TIME FRAME

TIME KEY MILESTONE
1ST MONTH Construction (pile driving) commenced
7TH MONTH Pile-driving works completed
14TH MONTH Pressure slab at Garage
18TH MONTH Garage top off
19TH MONTH Top off at podium
20TH MONTH Hotel: Structural at level 7
21ST MONTH Water-tightness of garage
21ST MONTH Hotel top off
22ND MONTH Water-tightness of podium
24TH MONTH Water-tightness of hotel
24TH MONTH Ancillary Development
30TH MONTH Project completion
ANCILLARY DEVELOPMENT TIME FRAME

TIME KEY MILESTONE
3 MONTHS Road Network, Sidewalk, Pathways, Parking
2 MONTHS Security Fence
153
2 MONTHS Lighting Utilities

3 MONTHS Water and Sewage Facilities
2 MONTHS Promenade
3 MONTHS Landscaping
4. Financial Benchmarks

TOTAL PRICE
CONDOMINIUM TOTAL TOTAL
AREA PER SQ. PRICE PER
UNIT (LONG NO. OF PRICE OF
PER METER UNIT (php)
TERM) UNITS UNITS (php)
UNIT (php)
Studio Type Unit 28.00 96 170,000 4,760,000 456,960,000
1 Bedroom Unit 30.00 192 230,000 6,900,000 1,324,800,000
2 Bedroom Unit 45.00 32 240,000 10,800,000 345,600,000
Penthouse 60.00 4 200,000 12,000,000 48,000,000
Condominium
101 50,500,000
Parking Fee 500,000
Total Income for Condotel Units within 5 years: 2,225,860,000

TOTAL PRICE
CONDOMINIUM TOTAL PRICE TOTAL
AREA PER SQ.
UNIT (LONG NO. OF PER UNIT PRICE OF
PER METER
TERM) UNITS (php) UNITS (php)
UNIT (php)
Studio Type Unit 28.00 96 170,000 4,760,000 456,960,000
1 Bedroom Unit 30.00 192 230,000 6,900,000 1,324,800,000
2 Bedroom Unit 45.00 32 240,000 10,800,000 345,600,000
Penthouse 60.00 4 200,000 12,000,000 48,000,000
Total Income for Condotel Units within 5 years: 2,225,860,000
TOTAL INCOME
PRICE INCOME
HOTEL UNIT AREA TOTAL NO. PER
PER UNIT PER YEAR
(SHORT TERM) PER OF UNITS MONTH
(php) (php)
UNIT (php)
Studio Type Unit 28.00 58 3,800 6,648,480 79,781,760
1 Bedroom Unit 30.00 97 5,500 16,038,000 192,456,000
2 Bedroom Unit 45.00 35 8,500 8,922,960 107,075,520
Penthouse 60.00 4 12,500 1,458,000 17,496,000
154
Annual Income for Hotel: 396,809,280 x 18% Revenue 71,425,670

OFFICES & COMMERCIAL

PRICE
TOTAL TOTAL
TOTAL NO. PER SQ. PRICE PER
AREA PRICE
OF UNITS METER UNITS (php)
(sq. m) (php)
(php)
OFFICES UNITS
Small Scale
45 58 40,000 1,800,000 104,400,000
Rentable Office
Medium Scale
90 7 80,000 7,200,000 50,400,000
Rentable Office
COMMERCIAL
STALLS
Small Scale Retail
45 58 40,000 1,800,000 104,400,000
Shop
Medium Scale Retail
90 7 80,000 7,200,000 50,400,000
Shop
Restaurant 760 1 80,000 60,800,000 60,800,000
Function Hall 600 1 80,000 48,000,000.00 48,000,000
Total Income for Commercial & Offices Units within 5 years: 418,400,000
TOTAL CONDOMINIUM REVENUE

TOTAL INCOME TOTAL ANNUAL
SPACES
FOR 5 YEARS INCOME
CONDOMINIUM (1&2) 4,451,720,000 890,344,000
Total Income within 5 years:
4,451,720,000
3,737,568,000
TOTAL ANNUAL REVENUE

TOTAL INCOME
SPACES ANNUAL INCOME
FOR 5 YEARS
HOTEL 357,128,352 71,425,670
OFFICE & COMMERCIAL 2,092,000,000 418,400,000
Total Income per Year: 381,105,670.40 489,825,670.40
NET INCOME (5 YEARS)

TOTAL REVENUE IN 5 YEARS - ANNUAL EXPENSES IN 5
FORMULA YEARS
= 6,900,848,352.00 955,160,057.28
155
=
5,945,688,294.72
PROJECT COST (WITHIN 5 YEARS)
FORMULA TOTAL PROJECT COST - NET INCOME IN FIVE YEARS
=
7,774,572,881.25 5,945,688,294.72
REMAINING PCC =
1,828,884,586.53
AFTER 5 YEARS
ANNUAL NET INCOME

ANNUAL REVENUE (HOTEL&RETAIL) - ANNUAL
FORMULA EXPENSES
=
489,825,670.40 191,032,011.46
=
298,793,658.94
RETURN OF INVESTMENT
Net Income
FORMULA
Total Project Cost
= 298,793,658.94
1,828,884,587
= 16%
PAYBACK PERIOD
Total Project Cost
FORMULA
Net Income + Depreciation
= 1,828,884,586.53
323,284,942
plus 5 years
=
payback or roughly
5.66
period for 11 years
condominium
156
The projected payback period can be achieved of the project after 10 years, 6 months, and
6 days or 11 years.
3.4.2 LEGAL VIABILITY

SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD
15th Council
Ordinance No. 317, Series 2012
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE REVISED ZONING ORDINANCE OF

ANGELES CITY
Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Angeles:
WHEREAS, Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of
1991, provides that Local Government Units shall, in conformity with
existing laws, continue to prepare their respective land use plans which shall
be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources;
WHEREAS, the implementation of Comprehensive Land Use Plan would require the
enactment of regulatory measures to translate its planning goals and
objectives into reality;
WHEREAS, a Zoning Ordinance is one such regulatory measure which is an important
tool for the implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan; and,
WHEREAS, the Local Government Code further provides that the powers and
responsibilities for the proper enforcement of the zoning rules and
regulations have been devolved upon the local government.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Angeles in a session assembled
hereby adopts the following Zoning Ordinance.
Article I
TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE
Section 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known and cited as “The Comprehensive
Zoning Ordinance of Angeles City” and shall be referred to as the Ordinance.
Article II
AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE
157
Section 1. Authority. This Ordinance is enacted pursuant to the provisions of RA 7160,

particularly Sections 458 a.2 (7-9) and 447 a.2 (7-9) dated 10 October 1991, authorizing
the City Government through the Sangguniang Panlungsod to adopt a Zoning Ordinance,
subject to the provisions of pertinent and existing laws, and in conformity with EO No. 72.
Section 2. Purposes. This Ordinance is enacted for the following purposes:
1. Guide, control and regulate the future growth and development of Angeles City in
accordance with its Comprehensive Land Use Plan;
2. Define and delineate the land use for residential, commercial, industrial, institutional,
agricultural, open space and other functional areas within the locality and promote the
orderly and beneficial development of the same;
3. Promote and protect the environment, health, sanitation, safety, peace, comfort,
convenience and general welfare of the inhabitants in the locality;
4. Provide adequate natural light and air ventilation, maximum privacy and convenience
of access to property;
5. Prevent undue concentration of activities that may collectively cause undue harm to the
City’s populace;
6. Regulate the location and use of buildings and lands in such a manner as to avert the
danger to public safety caused by undue interference with existing or prospective traffic
movements on such streets and thoroughfares;
7. Provide safety from fire, pollution and other environmental hazards to life and property;
and,
8. Harmonize pertinent provisions of this Zoning Ordinance with existing and/or relevant
core edicts, executive orders, circulars, mandates and development plans.
Section 3. General Zoning Principle. This Zoning Ordinance is based on the approved
Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Angeles City per Resolution No. _ dated _.
Article III
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 1. Definition of Terms. Words and phrases used in this Zoning Ordinance are
compiled and defined in Annex A which is made an integral part of this Ordinance. The
interpretation of technical terms shall carry the same meaning given to them in already
approved codes, rules and regulations, such as, but not limited to, the National Building
Code, Water Code, Philippine Environmental Code, Code on Sanitation, National Pollution
158
Control Act of 1976, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 and other
Implementing Rules and Regulations, promulgated by the HLURB.
Article IV
ZONE CLASSIFICATIONS
Section 1. Division into Zones/Districts. To effectively carry out the provisions of this
Ordinance, the City is hereby divided into the following zones or districts as shown in the
Official Zoning Maps:
1. Settlement Area
1.1. Low Density Residential Zone (R-1)
1.2. Medium Density Residential Zone (R-2)
1.3. High Density Residential Zone/General Residential Zone (R-3)
1.4. Socialized Housing Zone (R-4)
2. Production Area
2.1. Agricultural Zone (AGZ)
2.2. Industrial Zone (IZ)
2.2.1. Industrial 1 (I-1)
2.3. Commercial Zone (GCZ)
2.3.1. Commercial 1 (C-1)
2.3.2. Commercial 2 (C-2)
3. Protected Area
3.1. Parks and Open Space
3.2. Watershed Reserve
3.3. River and Creek
3.4. Abacan River
159
4. Infrastructure Facilities
4.1. DMIA Complex
4.2. Institutional Facilities
4.3. Cemetery
4.4. Road Network
4.5. Railway
Section 2. Zoning Map. It is hereby adopted as an integral part of this Ordinance, the
Official Zoning Map for urban areas and for the whole City, duly prepared by the Office
of the City Planning and Development Coordinator, wherein the designation, location and
boundaries of the districts/zones herein established are shown and indicated (Figure 7-1).
The Such Official Zoning Maps shall be signed by the City Mayor and attested by the
Secretary of the Sangguniang Panlungsod. The estimated areas of the different zone
categories are shown in Table 7-1.
160
Table 7-1. The Estimated Areas and Distribution Share of the Various Zoning Categories
found in the Zoning Map of Angeles City, 2010-2020
% Share
Zones Area (Ha)
Over Total
Settlement Areas
R-1 270.99 4.36%
R-2 1,104.65 17.77%
R-3 1,015.19 16.33%
R-4 551.07 8.86%
Subtotal 2,941.90 47.32%
Protected Areas
Abacan River 145.22 2.34%
161
Cultivated Land 505.29 8.13%

Fishpond 12.48 0.20%
Open space, Park 109.89 1.77%
Orchard 36.36 0.58%
Watershed Reserve 496.58 7.99%
Subtotal 1,305.82 21.01%
Production Areas
C1 291.14 4.68%
C2 253.07 4.07%
I-1 225.50 3.63%
Industrial Tree Plantation 4.26 0.07%
Agricultural, Tropical Grass 483.67 7.78%
Subtotal 1,257.64 20.23%
Infrastructure Areas
Cemetery 56.07 0.90%
DMIA Complex 220.65 3.55%
Institutional Facility 91.22 1.47%
Local Roads 214.39 3.45%
Major Roads 119.04 1.91%
Railway 10.64 0.17%
Subtotal 712.01 11.45%
Total 6,217.37 100.00%
In case of loss, damage, destruction and/or extreme difficulty in the interpretation

of the Official Zoning Map(s), the Sangguniang Panlungsod may, by Resolution, adopt a
new Zoning Map(s) which likewise shall be in accordance with the Comprehensive Land
Used Plan of the City; provided that all prior maps or any significant parts hereof shall be
preserved together with all the available records pertaining to their adoption and/or
amendment.
Section 3. Zone Boundaries. The locations and boundaries of the abovementioned zones
into which the City was divided are hereby identified and specified. These zone boundaries
refer to the Zoning Map and Proposed Comprehensive Land Use Map.
1. Settlement Area/Residential Zone (R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4) – the residential zones in
the Zoning/Urban Map are all the areas colored yellow, yellow orange, gold and light
brown.
2. Agricultural Zone (AGZ) – the agricultural zones in the Zoning/Urban Map are all the
areas colored green.
3. General Commercial Zone (GCZ) – the commercial zones in the Zoning/Urban Map
are all the areas colored red and pink.
162
4. Industrial Zone (I-1) – the industrial zones in the Zoning/Urban Map are all the areas
colored violet.
5. Protected Area – includes park and open space (patches of green within
settlement/residential zones), watershed reserve (dark brown), river and creek (dark
blue) and Abacan River (light blue).
6. Infrastructure Facilities – includes economic, social and administrative infrastructure,
utilities and transportation facilities as well as institutional facilities.
Section 4. Interpretation of Zone Boundaries. In the interpretation of the boundaries
for any of the zones indicated on the Zoning Map, the following rules shall apply:
1. Where zone boundaries are so indicated that they approximately follow the center of
streets or highways, the street or highway right-of-way lines, shall be construed to be
the boundaries;
2. Where zone boundaries are so indicated that they approximately follow the lot lines,
such lot lines shall be construed to be the boundaries;
3. Where zone boundaries are so indicated that they are approximately parallel to the
center lines or right-of way lines of streets and highways, such zone boundaries shall
be construed as being parallel thereto and at such distance there from as indicated in
the zoning map. If no distance is given, such dimension shall be determined by the use
of the scale shown in said zoning map;
4. Where the boundary of a zone follows approximately a railroad line, such boundary
shall be deemed to be the railroad right-of-way;
5. Where the boundary of a zone follows a stream, lake or other bodies of water, said
boundary line shall be deemed to be at the limit of the political jurisdiction of the
community unless otherwise indicated. Boundaries indicated as following shorelines
shall be construed to follow such shorelines and in the event of change in the shorelines,
shall be construed as moving with the actual shorelines;
6. Where a lot of one ownership, as of record at the effective date of this Ordinance, is
divided by a zone boundary line, the lot shall be construed to be within the zone where
the major portion of the lot is located. In case the lot is bisected by the boundary line,
it shall fall in the zone where the principal structure falls;
7. Where zone boundary is indicated as one lot deep, said depth shall be construed to be
the average lot depth of the lots involved within each particular city block. Where,
however, any lot has a depth greater than said average, the remaining portion of said
lot shall be construed as covered by the one lot deep zoning district provided the
remaining portion has an area less than 50 percent of the total area of the entire lot. If
the remaining portion has an area equivalent to 50 percent or more of the total area of
the lot then the average lot depth shall apply to the lot which shall become a lot divided
and covered by two or more different zoning districts, as the case may be.
In case of any remaining doubt as to the location of any property along zone boundary
lines, such property shall be considered as falling within the less restrictive zone; and,
163
8. Where a zone boundary line is indicated in the Official Zoning Map, one block deep or
a fraction thereof, such boundary line shall be scaled or determined by the Zoning
Administrator/Official.
Article V
ZONE REGULATIONS
Section 1. General Provision. The uses enumerated in the succeeding sections are neither
exhaustive nor all-inclusive. The Local Zoning Board of Adjustment and Appeals
(LZBAA) shall, subject to the requirements of this Article, allow other uses not enumerated
hereunder provided that they are compatible with the cause expressly allowed.
Allowance of further uses shall be based on the intrinsic qualities of the land and the socio-
economic potential of the locality with due regard to the maintenance of the essential
qualities of the zone.
Specific uses/activities of lesser density within a particular zone (R-1) may be allowed
within the zone of higher density (R-2, R-3) but not vice versa, nor in another zone and its
subdivisions (e.g., C-1, C-2), except for uses expressly allowed in said zones, such that the
cumulative effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and not inter-zonal.
Section 2. Use Regulations in Settlement Areas.
1. Low Density Residential (R-1) Zone - shall be used principally for housing/dwelling
purposes so as to maintain the peace and quiet environment of the area within the zone.
The following are allowable uses:
1.1. Single detached family dwelling
1.2. Single semi-detached family dwelling
1.3. Double semi-detached family dwelling
1.4. Customary accessory uses like:
1.4.1. Servant’s quarter
1.4.2. Private garage
1.4.3. Guard house
1.4.4. Rest house
1.5. Home occupation for the practice of one’s profession or for engaging in in-house
business or industries such as dressmaking, tailoring, baking, running a sari-sari
store and the like, provided that:
1.5.1. Not more than two outside or hired employees, helpers or assistants shall
be engaged in such home occupation;
1.5.2. The use of the dwelling unit for an item for home occupation shall be
clearly incidental and subordinate to its use to residential purposes by its
occupants and for the conduct of the home occupation, not more than 35
percent of the floor area of the dwelling unit shall be used;
164
1.5.3. As much as possible there shall be no change in the outside appearance

of the building or premises;
1.5.4. No home occupation shall be conducted in any customary accessory
uses;
1.5.5. No traffic shall be generated by such home occupation in greater volume
that would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood and any
need for parking generated by the occupant shall be met off the street and
in a place other than in a required front yard; and,
1.5.6. No equipment or process shall be used in such home occupation which
creates noise, vibration, glare, fumes, odors or electrical interference
detectable to the normal senses of the lot and visual or audible
interference in any radio or television receivers or causes fluctuation in
line voltage of the premises.
1.6. Recreational facilities for the exclusive use of the members of the family residing
within the premises, such as:
1.6.1. Swimming pool
1.6.2. Mini golf course
1.6.3. Pelota court
2. Medium Density Residential (R-2) Zone - shall be for housing/dwelling purposes of
medium density. The following are the allowable uses:
2.1. All uses allowed in R-1 Zone
2.2. Multi-family dwelling with not more than five families residing
2.3. Apartments of not more than five doors
2.4. Boarding houses accommodating not more than five boarders
2.5. Nurseries and day care centers
2.6. Branch libraries and museums
2.7. Chapels, churches and other places of worship
2.8. Home occupation as specified in R-1 zone except that not more than five outside
or hired helpers, assistants or employees may be employed
2.9. Parks and playgrounds for the community
3. High Density Residential/General Residential (R-3) Zone - shall be used for
dwelling/housing purposes of high density. The following are the allowable uses:
3.1. All uses allowed in R-1 and R-2 Zones
3.2. Multi-family dwelling
3.3. Residential condominiums
3.4. Hotels
165
3.5. Motels
3.6. Pension houses
3.7. Hometels
3.8. Hotel apartments or apartels
3.9. Apartments
3.10. Boarding houses
3.11. Dormitories
3.12. Elementary schools, high schools, and vocational schools
3.13. Branch libraries and museums
3.14. Clinics, hospitals, nursing or convalescing homes with not more than 50 bed
capacity
3.15. Drugstores
3.16. Home occupation as provided for in R-1 zone except that not more than eight
outside or hired helpers, assistants or employees may be employed
3.17. Club houses and lodges
3.18. Backyard gardens and yards for raising pigs, poultry and other animals and
fowls, provided that:
3.18.1. They are undertaken only for family consumption
3.18.2. No undue noise is created by these pets and fowls
3.18.3. No foul smell is emitted
3.18.4. Other sanitary requirements enforced in the City are complied with
3.19. Parks and playgrounds
3.20. Parking buildings
3.21. Filling and service stations
3.22. Four-storey residential condominium fronting a five meter to six meter road
width
4. Socialized Housing (R-4) Zone. – shall be used principally for socialized
housing/dwelling purposes for the underprivileged and homeless as defined in RA
7279. The following are the allowable uses:
4.1. Socialized housing
4.2. All uses allowed in R-1, R-2 and R-3 zones
Section 3. Use Regulations in Production Areas.
1. Agricultural Zone (AGZ) The following uses shall be permitted:
1.1. Cultivation, raising and growing of staple crops such as rice, corn, camote,
cassava and the like
166
1.2. Growing of diversified plants and trees, such as fruit and flower bearing trees,
coffee, tobacco, etc.
1.3. Silviculture, mushroom culture, fishing and fish culture, snake culture, crocodile
farm, monkey raising and the like
1.4. Customary support facilities such as palay dryers and rice threshers and storage
barns and warehouse
1.5. Ancillary dwelling units/farmhouses for tillers and laborers
1.6. Agricultural research and experimentation facilities such as breeding stations,
fishfarms, nurseries, demonstration farms, etc.
1.7. Pastural activities such as goat raising and cattle fattening
1.8. Home occupation for the practice of one’s profession or engaging home business
such as dressmaking, tailoring, baking, running sari-sari store and the like,
provided that:
1.8.1. Number of persons engaged in such business/industry shall not exceed
five inclusive of the owner
1.8.2. There shall be no change in the outside appearance of the
building/premises
1.8.3. No home occupation shall be conducted in any customary accessory uses
cited above
1.8.4. No traffic shall be generated by such home occupation in greater volume
than would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood and any
need for parking generated by the conduct by such home occupation shall
be met off the street in a place other than the required front yard
1.8.5. No equipment or process shall be used in such occupation which creates
noise, vibration, glare, fumes, odors and electrical interference detectable
to the normal senses and visual or audible interference in any radio or
television receiver or caused fluctuation in line voltage off the premises
1.9. Home industry classified as cottage industry e.g., mat weaving, pottery making,
food preservation, etc. provided that:
1.9.1. Such home industry shall not occupy more than 30 percent of floor area
of the dwelling unit. There shall be no change or alteration in the outside
appearance of the dwelling unit and shall not be a hazard or nuisance
1.9.2. Allotted capitalization shall not exceed the capitalization as set by the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
1.9.3. It shall consider the same provisions (1.6.3., 1.6.4. and 1.6.5.) as
enumerated under 1.6. Home Occupation, Section 2, Article V
1.10. Backyard raising of livestock and fowl, provided that:
1.10.1. For livestock - a maximum of ten heads
1.10.2. For fowl – a maximum of five hundred birds
167
2. Industrial Zone (IZ). The permitted uses are the following:

2.1. Industrial 1 (I-1) – involves non-pollutive/non-hazardous and non-
pollutive/hazardous manufacturing/ processing establishments.
Non-pollutive/non-hazardous:
2.1.1. Drying fish
2.1.2. Biscuit factory (manufacture of biscuits, cookies, crackers and other
similar dried bakery products
2.1.3. Doughnut and hopia factory
2.1.4. Manufacture of macaroni, spaghetti and vermicelli and other noodles
2.1.5. Other bakery products not elsewhere classified
2.1.6. Life belts factory
2.1.7. Manufacture of luggage, handbags, wallets and small leather goods
2.1.8. Manufacture of miscellaneous products of leather and leather
substitute and not elsewhere classified (nec.)
2.1.9. Manufacture of shoes except rubber, plastic and wood
2.1.10. Manufacture of slipper and sandal except rubber and plastic
2.1.11. Manufacture of footwear parts except rubber and plastic
2.1.12. Printing, publishing and allied industries and nec.
2.1.13. Manufacture or assembly of typewriters, cash registers, weighing,
duplicating and accounting machines
2.1.14. Manufacture or assembly of electronic data processing machinery and
accessories
2.1.15. Renovation and repair of office machinery
2.1.16. Manufacture or assembly of miscellaneous office machines and nec.
2.1.17. Manufacture of rowboats, bancas and sailboats
2.1.18. Manufacture of animal drawn vehicles
2.1.19. Manufacture of children vehicles and baby carriages
2.1.20. Manufacture of laboratory and scientific instruments, barometers,
chemical balance, etc.
2.1.21. Manufacture of measuring and controlling equipment, plumb bob,
rain gauge, taxi meter, thermometer, etc.
2.1.22. Manufacture or assembly of surgical, medical, dental equipment and
medical furniture
2.1.23. Quick freezing and cold packing for fish and other seafoods, fruits and
vegetables
168
2.1.24. Popcorn/rice factory

2.1.25. Manufacture of medical/surgical supplies e.g., adhesive tapes,
antiseptic dressing, sanitary napkins, surgical gauge, etc.
2.1.26. Manufacture of orthopedic and prosthetic appliances e.g., abdominal
supporter, ankle supports, arch support, artificial limb, kneecap
supporter, etc.
2.1.27. Manufacture of photographic equipment and accessories
2.1.28. Manufacture or assembly of optical instruments
2.1.29. Manufacture of eyeglasses, spectacles and optical lenses
2.1.30. Manufacture of watches and clocks
2.1.31. Manufacture of pianos, string instruments, wind and percussion
instruments and assembly of electronic organs
2.1.32. Manufacture of sporting gloves and mitts
2.1.33. Manufacture of sporting balls not of rubber or plastic
2.1.34. Manufacture of gym and playground equipment
2.1.35. Manufacture of sporting tables e.g., billiards, pingpong, pool
2.1.36. Manufacture of other sporting and athletic goods nec.
2.1.37. Manufacture of toys and dolls except rubber and mold plastic
2.1.38. Manufacture of pens, pencils and other office and artist materials
2.1.39. Manufacture of umbrella and canes
2.1.40. Manufacture of buttons except plastic
2.1.41. Manufacture of brooms, brushes and fans
2.1.42. Manufacture of needles, pins, fasteners and zippers
2.1.43. Manufacture of insignia, badges and similar emblems except metal
2.1.44. Manufacture of signs and advertising displays except printed
2.1.45. Small-scale manufacture of ice creams
Non-pollutive/hazardous industries:
2.1.1. Manufacture of house furnishing
2.1.2. Textile bag factories
2.1.3. Canvass bags and other canvass products factory
2.1.4. Jute bag factory
2.1.5. Manufacture of miscellaneous textile goods, embroideries and
weaving apparel
169
2.1.6. Manufacture of fiber batting, padding and upholstery filling except

coir
2.1.7. Men and boys garment factory
2.1.8. Women and girls garment factory
2.1.9. Manufacture of hats, gloves, handkerchief, neckwear and related
clothing accessories
2.1.10. Manufacture of raincoats and waterproof outer garments except
jackets
2.1.11. Manufacture of miscellaneous wearing apparel except footwear and
those nec.
2.1.12. Manufacture of miscellaneous fabricated mill work and those nec.
2.1.13. Manufacture of wooden and cane containers
2.1.14. Sawali, nipa and split cane factory
2.1.15. Manufacture of bamboo, rattan and other cane baskets and wares
2.1.16. Manufacture of cork products
2.1.17. Manufacture of wooden shoes, shoe lace and other similar products
2.1.18. Manufacture of miscellaneous wood products and those nec.
2.1.19. Manufacture of miscellaneous furniture and fixture except primarily
of metals and those nec.
2.1.20. Manufacture of paper stationary, envelopes and related articles
2.1.21. Manufacture of dry ice
2.1.22. Repacking of industrial products e.g., paints, varnishes and other
related products
3. Commercial Zone (CZ). It shall be for business/trade/service uses. Within the zone the
following types of establishments shall be allowed:
3.1. Commercial 1 (C-1)
3.1.1. Offices like:
- Office buildings
- Office condominiums
3.1.2. Stores and shops like:
- Department stores
- Bookstore and office supply shops
- Home appliance stores
- Car shops (display)
- Photo shops
170
- Shopping centers
3.1.3. Food markets and shops like:
- Markets
- Bakery and bake shops
- Wine stores
- Groceries
- Supermarkets
3.1.4. Recreational centers like:
- Movie houses and theaters
- Pelota courts
- Swimming pools
- Day and night clubs
3.1.5. Personal service shops like:
- Beauty parlors
- Barber shops
- Sauna bath and massage clinic
- Dressmaking and tailoring shops
3.1.6. Restaurant and other eateries
3.1.7. Short term special education like:
- Dancing school
- School for self-defense
- Driving school
- Speech clinics
3.1.8. Storerooms and warehouses, but only as may be necessary for the
efficient conduct of the business
3.1.9. Hospitals, clinics, nursing and convalescing homes
3.1.10. Drugstores
3.1.11. Filing stations
3.1.12. Service Stations
3.2. C-2
3.2.1. All uses allowed in C-1
171
3.2.2. Repair shops like:

- House appliances repair shops
- Motor vehicles and accessory repair shops
- Home furnishing shops
3.2.3. Flower shops
3.2.4. Funeral/Embalming establishments
3.2.5. Cottage industries
3.2.6. Manufacturing industries certified as non-pollutive and non-hazardous
by the National Pollution Control Commission
3.2.7. Stockyards and slaughterhouses
3.2.8. Cold storage and warehouses
3.2.9. Bus terminals and car barns
3.2.10. Any uses incidental to any of the above enumerated uses
3.2.11. Rice and other grain mills
3.2.12. Concrete block factories
3.2.13. Lumber yards
3.2.14. Printing and publishing
3.2.15. Junk Shops
Section 4. Use Regulations in Protection Areas.
1. Parks and Open Space - the following uses shall be allowed:
1.1. Parks/gardens
1.2. Resort areas including accessory uses
1.3. Open air or outdoor sports activities and support facilities, including low rise
stadia, gyms, amphitheaters and swimming pools
1.4. Golf courses, ball courts, race tracks and similar uses
1.5. Memorial parks/shrines, monuments, kiosks and other park structures
1.6. Wild life park, botanical and zoological garden
1.7. Theme park
2. Heritage and Historic Preservation – these sites shall be protected from any form of
desecration and vandalism. Preservation and rehabilitation of the same may be
undertaken through the formulation of guidelines which shall focus on adaptive and re-
used concepts. These include among others are:
2.1. Pamintuan Mansion
2.2. Camalig
172
2.3. Holy Rosary Parish

2.4. Founder’s House
2.5. Bale Herencia
2.6. Nepomuceno Ancestral Home
3. River Easement and Salvage Zone – PD 1067 also known as The Water Code of the
Philippines, under Article 51, provides that “the banks of rivers and streams and the
shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three
meters in urban areas, 20 meters in agricultural areas and 40 meters in forest areas,
along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of
recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay
in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing
or salvage or to build structures of any kind.
Building structures of any kind in this zone are absolutely prohibited, except for bank
or shore stabilization structures, fences to set off the easement from private property
lines or footpaths and walkways in case such easements are developed into public
parks, promenades and the like.
Allowable uses include linear parks, tree planting and riverside vegetation.
The Provision of Linear Park Along Abacan River – No building or structure should
be erected 100 meters on both sides from the center of the Abacan River. No building
or structures along both sides of the river which are existing at the time of the passage
of this Ordinance shall be extended or expanded.
4. Infrastructure Right of Ways – It is reiterated that these ROWs, setbacks/easements and
even road sidewalks should be protected and must be secured from development to
eliminate congestion and ensure public safety.
Section 5. Use Regulations in Infrastructure Areas. Infrastructure areas include

institutional uses e.g., memorial parks, cemeteries, sports and recreational facilities,
utilities and transportation.
1. Allowable institutional uses in this zone are the following:
1.2. Colleges, universities, professional business schools, vocational and trade
schools, technical schools and other institutions of learning
1.3. General hospitals, medical center and multi-purpose clinics
1.4. Scientific, cultural and academic centers and research facilities except nuclear,
radioactive, chemical and biological warfare facilities
1.5. Convention centers and related facilities
1.6. Religious structures e.g., church, seminary, convent
1.7. Museum/public libraries, reading centers
1.8. Student housing e.g., dormitories, boarding house
173
1.9. Cemeteries and similar burial grounds

1.10. Welfare houses, orphanages, boys and girls town, home for the aged and the
like
1.11. Rehabilitation and vocational training centers for ex-convicts, drug addicts,
unwed mothers, physically, mentally, and emotionally handicapped, ex-
sanitarium inmates and similar establishments
1.12. Penitentiary and correctional institutions
1.13. Resorts areas including accessory uses
1.14. Fishing parks
1.15. Other uses similar, related or directly incidental to the above uses
1.16. Domestic water supply system installations including tube well drilling fields
and storage tanks and reservoirs
1.17. Transportation terminals
1.18. Radio, television and television transmitter, receiver and repeater facilities
1.19. Electrical power plant, substation, and power distribution lines
1.20. Roads and streets of all types and related fixtures within the legal right of way,
including off-street parking facilities and transport terminals
1.21. Telecommunications facilities, provided that an easement of 100 meter radius
or equivalent to the height of the tallest tower structure, as the case may be, the
transmission towers shall be reserved and protected. No residential houses or
trees exceeding five meters in height shall be allowed within the easement
1.22. Transmission line of utility companies like the National Power Corporation,
provided that an easement of 15-75 meters along or below the high-tension
power transmission lines depending on the rated capacity of the line shall be
reserved and protected. No residential houses or trees exceeding five meters in
height shall be allowed within the easement.
Article VI
GENERAL DISTRICT REGULATIONS
Section 1. Development Density. Permitted density shall be based on the zones
capacity to support development.
1. Settlement Area
1.1. Low Density Residential (R-1) Zone – 20 dwelling units and below per hectare
1.2. Medium Density Residential (R-2) Zone – 21 to 65 dwelling units per hectare
1.3. High Density Residential (R-3) Zone – 66 or more dwelling units per hectare
2. All other zones
174
There is no fixed maximum density but should be based on the planned absolute level
of density that is intended for each concerned zone based on the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan.
Section 2. Height Regulations. Building height must conform to the height restrictions
and requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO), National Building Code,
Structural Code as well as all laws, ordinances, design standards, rules and regulations
related to land development and building construction and the various safety codes.
1. R-1 - no building or structure for human occupancy whether public or private shall be
higher than 9.5 meters in height and contain more than two storey. Church spires,
belfries, cupolas, domes, chimneys, water tanks, bulkheads and the like shall be limited
in height only by their design if constructed of incombustible materials. If made of
combustible materials, such structure shall be limited to a maximum six meters from
the established building height.
2. R-2 - no building or structure for human occupancy whether public or private shall be
higher than 13.5 meters in height and not contain more than three storey.
3. R-3 - No building or structure intended for human occupancy whether public housing
and similar buildings or structures, shall exceed 15 meters in height and shall not
contain more than four storeys, however, no building shall be built to a height
exceeding one and one-half (1 ½) times the width of the street upon which the building
abuts. Building may exceed the above height provided the portion of the building
higher than one and one-half (1 ½) times the width of the street is set back from every
street and lot lines one meter for each six meters or less than in excess of one and one-
half times the width of the street. Where a corner lot is involved the height limitations
for the wide street shall govern, provided that the portion of the building higher than
one and one-half times the width of the street is set back from every street and lot line,
one meter for each six meters or less in excess of one and one-half times the width of
the street. Where a corner lot is involved the height limitation for the wider street shall
govern for a distance of 40 meters along the narrower intersecting street.
4. R-4 - No building or structure intended for human occupancy whether public housing
and similar buildings or structures, shall exceed 15 meters in height and shall not
contain more than four storeys, however, no building shall be built to a height
exceeding one and one-half (1 ½) times the width of the street is set back from every
street and lot lines one meter for each six meters or less than in excess of one and one-
half times the width of the street. Where a corner lot is involved the height limitations
for the wide street shall govern, provided that the portion of the building higher than
one and one-half times the width of the street is set back from every street and lot line,
one meter for each six meters or less in excess of one and one-half times the width of
the street. Where a corner lot is involved the height limitation for the wider street shall
govern for a distance of 40 meters along the narrower intersecting street.
5. C-1 - Not more than one and one-half (1 ½) times the width of the abutting streets.
6. C-2 - Not more than one and one-half (1 ½) times the width of the abutting streets.
7. I-1 - Not to exceed one and one-half (1½) times the width of the streets upon which the
building abuts.
175
Section 3. Exemptions from Height Regulation in R-1 and R-2. Exempted from the
imposition of height regulations in Residential Zones are the following; towers, church
steeples, water tanks and other utilities and structures not covered by the height regulations
of the National Building Code and/or the ATO.
Section 4. Area Regulations. Area regulations in all zones shall conform to the
minimum requirement of existing codes such as:
1. PD 957 – Subdivision and Condominium Buyers’ Protective Law and its revised
implementing rules and regulations
2. BP 220 – Promulgation of Different Levels of Standards and Technical Requirements
for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects and its revised implementing rules and
regulations
3. PD 1096 – National Building Code
4. Fire Code
5. Sanitation Code
6. Plumbing Code
7. Structural Code
8. EO 648
8. Other relevant guidelines promulgated by the national agencies concerned
9. R-1 - The lot area shall not be less than 450 square meters for both single-family and
two-family dwellings. The principle building and the accessory building shall not
cover more than 70 percent of the total area of the lot.
10. R-2 - The lot area shall not be less 200 square meters for a single-family dwelling; 280
square meters for a two-family dwelling, with a lot width of not less than 12 to 15
meters. The principle building and the accessory buildings, shall not be less than 150
square meters for a single-family dwelling, 220 square meters for two-family
dwelling, with a lot width of not less than ten meters. All other types shall be provided
with not less than 30 square meters of lot area per family.
All buildings, including accessory buildings, shall cover not more than 60 percent of
the total area of the lot.
11. R-3 - The lot area shall at least be 120 square meters for a single-family dwelling; 150
square meters for a two-family dwelling.
12. R-4 - The lot area shall not be less than 80 square meters for a single-family dwelling;
120 square meters for a two-family dwelling, with a lot width of not less 24 square
meters of lot area per family. All building shall cover not more than 60 percent of the
total area of the lot. At least 3.5% of the total land area should be planted with
trees/plants for ecological purposes.
13. C-1 - When a building is designed or intended to be used for purely residential
purposes, it shall have a lot area of not less than 100 square meters for a single-family
dwelling and not less than 160 square meters for two-family dwelling. Business
176
buildings in corner lots shall cover not more than 90 percent of the total area of the lot
and not more than 85 percent if they are on inside lots.
14. C-2 - When a building is designed or intended to be used or is used for purely
residential purposes, it shall have a lot area of not less than 100 square meters for a
single-family dwelling and not less than 160 square meters for two-family dwelling.
Business buildings in corner lots shall cover not more than 90 percent of the total area
of the lot and not more than 85 percent if they are inside lots.
The remaining area or open space should be used as parking space and should be
planted with trees/plants for ecological purposes.
15. I-1 - When a building is designed or intended to be used or is used for purely residential
purposes, it shall have a lot not less than 100 square meters for a single-family
dwelling and not less than 160 square meters for two-family dwelling. Business
building in corner lots shall cover not more than 90 percent of the total area of the lot
and not more than 85 percent if they are inside lots.
The remaining area or open space should be used as parking space and should be
planted with trees/plants for ecological purposes.
Section 5. Road Setback Regulations. The following road setbacks, arcades and
sidewalk regulations shall be applied (Table 7-2.):
Table 7-2. Road Setback, Arcade and Sidewalk

Arcade Width
Street (meters both
sides)
Miranda St., from Kalayaan to Lakandula St. 3.60
Rizal St., from Valdez Blvd. to Don Juan Nepomuceno St. 3.60
Henson St., from Miranda St. to G. Valdez Blvd. 3.60
Jake Gonzales, from G. Valdez to Marisol intersection 3.60
N. Claveria St., from Pampang Road to Henson St. 3.00
Plaridel St., from Don Juan Nepomuceno Ave. to Miranda St. 3.60
Kalayaan St., from Miranda St. to San Francisco St. 3.60
Pampang Road, from Kalayaan St. to Henson St. 3.60
G. Valdez Blvd., from Rizal St. to Henson St. 3.60
San Francisco St., from Rizal St. to Arayat Blvd. 3.60
Jesus St., from Diversion Road to Henson St. 3.60
Jesus St., from Henson St. to Gen. Ricarte St. 2.40
Luna St., from Mabini St. to Jesus St. 2.40
Mabini St., from Plaridel St. to Sadie St. 2.40
Aguinaldo St., from Rizal to Luna St. 2.40
Plaridel St., from Miranda St. to PNR Railroad 2.40
Valdez St., from Plaridel St. to Luna St. 2.40
177
All other streets within the Central Business District not specified 2.00
shall have a minimum arcade width of…
Sto. Rosario St., from Rizal St. to Boundary Angeles 3.60
Diversion Road, from Sto. Domingo Interchange to Marisol 6.00
intersection
Mac Arthur Highway, from Marisol Intersection to 6.00
Angeles/Mabalacat Boundary
West Circumferential Road, from Telebastagan to Friendship 6.00
Checkpoint
Perimeter Road, from Friendship to Checkpoint 3.60
Fields Ave., from Checkpoint to Mac Arthur Highway 3.60
A. Gueco/Don Bonifacio Blvd., from Mac Arthur Highway to 6.00
Angeles-Magalang Road
Sto. Entierro, from Sto. Rosario to Diversion Intersection 3.60
Angeles-Magalang Road, from Diversion Road to Pulung 3.60
Maragul/Pandan Bridge
Marlim Ave. to Don Boni Ave. 3.60
All other commercial streets not specified shall have a minimum 3.60
easement width of…
Section 6. Buffer Regulations. A buffer of three meters shall be provided along entire
boundary length between two or more conflicting zones allocating 1.5 meters from each
side of the district boundary. Such buffer strip should be open and not encroached upon
by any building or structure and should be a part of the yard or open space.
Section 7. Specific Provisions in the National Building Code. Specific provisions
stipulated in the National Building Code (PD 1096) relevant to traffic generators,
advertising and business signs, erection or more than one principal structure, dwelling or
rear lots, access yard requirements and dwelling groups, which are not in conflict with the
provision of the Zoning Ordinance, shall be observed.
Article VII
INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES
Section 1. Innovative Techniques or Designs. For projects that promote urban
renewal, restoration works or, introduce flexibility and creativity of design or plan such as
but not limited to historic preservation, planned unit development and similar
developments, may be approved by the local government through the office in charge of
the city zoning administration.
Article VIII
PROJECTS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
178
Section 1. Project of National Significance. A project may be declared by the NEDA

Board as project of national significance pursuant to Section 3 of EO 72. When a project
is declared as such, the locational clearance shall be issued by the HLURB.
Article IX
TRAFFIC AND UTILITIES IMPACT STUDY REQUIREMENT
Section 1. Traffic and Utilities Impact Study Requirement. The owner or developer of a
building or a mixed use development that has a total floor area of at least 5,000 square
meters shall be required to submit, as part of the application for a building permit, a traffic
and utilities impact study that indicates the estimated volume and flow of vehicular traffic
into and out of the building or mixed use development, the impact of such vehicular traffic
to the immediate vicinity, corresponding traffic management procedures and devices and
the estimated impact of the building or mixed use development on existing utilities.
Article X
LOCATIONAL CLEARANCES FOR PROJECTS OF LOCAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC
AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
Section 1. Locational Clearance for Projects of Local Socio-Economic and Environmental
Significance. All projects that fall within the above project classification shall be
subjected to proper technical evaluation by all concerned government agencies to include
the Barangay Development Council (BDC) and the City Development Council (CDC).
Said evaluations shall be reviewed and appropriate recommendations and actions shall be
pursued by the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
The following are among the project classification with Local Socio-Economic and
Environmental Significance:
1. Residential Subdivisions, Condominiums and Town Houses
- Secure clearances from the Office of the City Planning and Development
Coordinator, City Engineer’s Office, Environmental and Natural Resources
Office, City Water District
2. Resettlement Areas
3. Upgrading Sites and Services
4. Farm Lot Subdivisions
179
Coordinator, City Agriculture Office, Environmental and Natural Resources
Office
5. Commercial Centers/Business Parks/Malls
6. Industrial Estates/Subdivisions
7. Cemeteries/Memorial Parks
Office, City Water District, City Health Office
8. Golf Courses
9. Reclamation Site
10. Private Landing Strips, Airports and Heliports/Pads
Coordinator, City Engineer’s Office, Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines and Philippines Air Force Command in Clark Pampanga
11. Dumping Sites/Incinerators
12. Mining and Quarrying
13. Nuclear, Radio Active, Chemical and Biological Research Centers
180
Office, City Water District, City Health Office, Philippine National Police
Command in Pampanga
14. Power Generation Plants/Stations
Office, City Water District, City Health Office, National Power Corporation
15. Funeral Parlors/Memorial Chapels/Mortuaries
16. Cockpits
17. Slaughter Houses
18. Civic Centers
Coordinator, City Engineer’s Office, City Health, City Water District
19. Sewerage Treatment Plants
20. Race Tracks, Jai-Alai Centers, Lottery Centers, Casinos and all other forms of
Gambling Activities
Office, City Water District, City Health
21. Planned Unit Development
22. New Town Development
181
Article XI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 1. Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). Notwithstanding the issuance of
locational clearance, no environmentally critical projects or projects located in
environmentally critical areas shall be commenced, developed or operated unless the
requirements of ECC have been complied with.
Section 2. Subdivision Projects. All owners and/or developers of subdivision projects
shall, in addition to securing locational clearance, be required to secure a development
permit pursuant to the provisions of PD 957 and its implementing rules and regulations or
BP 220 and its implementing rules and regulations and in the case of socialized housing
projects in accordance with the procedures laid down in EO 71, series of 1993 and RA
7279 and its implementing rules and regulations.
Section 3. Performance Standards. All land uses, development, or constructions shall
conform to the following standards:
1. Noise and Vibrations – all noise and vibration-producing machinery shall be enclosed
by a building and shall be provided with effective noise-absorbing materials, noise
silencers and mufflers, an open yard planted with dense trees as buffers. To minimize
vibration, machinery should be mounted on shock-absorbing mountings, such as cork
set on reinforced concrete foundations or a floating isolated foundation set on piles as
needed by the machinery.
2. Smoke - any smoke emitted from any source for a period aggregating seven minutes in
any given 30 minute time particularly when starting a new fire, shall have a density that
shall not be a cause for accidents or shall not pose a threat to the health of the
community and the same must register an acceptable and safe rating based on the
recommendations of the DENR as concurred by the relevant offices under the local
chief executive (i.e., presently set at a density not greater than no. 2 in the Ringlemann
Chart or as may be prescribed by an updated rating set by environmental authorities.
3. Dust, Dirt and Fly Ash – the emission of dust, dirt or fly ash from any source of activity
that will pollute the air and render it unclean, destructive, unhealthful or hazardous or
cause visibility to be impaired, shall not be permitted. In no case whatsoever shall dust,
dirt or fly ash be allowed to exceed the minimum rating set by the DENR as concurred
by the pertinent offices under the local chief executive. (i.e., presently set at a rating
not to exceed 0.30 grams per cubic meter of fuel gas at stack temperature of 60 degrees
centigrade so as not to create a haze with opaqueness equivalent to or greater than No.
1 of the Ringlemann Chart or as may be prescribed by an updated rating set by
environmental authorities).
4. Odors and Gases - the emission of foul odors and gases deleterious to public health,
safety and general welfare shall not be permitted. Buildings and activity emitting foul
odors and obnoxious gases shall be enclosed by air-tight building provided with air
conditioning system, filters, deodorizing and other air cleansing equipment. Foul odors
caused by poultry, piggery farms and similar activities will also not be permitted. The
proponents of said activities must implement diligent waste management measures.
182
5. Glare and Heat - glare and heat from any operation or activity shall not be allowed to
radiate, be seen or felt from any point beyond the limits of the property.
6. Industrial Waste – industrial plant waste shall be disposed of only in a manner that will
not create any nuisance or danger to adjoining properties or to the community in
general.
7. Sewerage Disposal - no sewerage dangerous to the public health, safety and general
welfare shall be discharged to any public sewer system, natural waterway or drainage
channel. In addition to other requirements, all sewage shall comply with the pertinent
requirements of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the DENR.
Section 4. Environmental Impact Assessment/Statement.

Major construction, development or activities may be required by the city zoning
administration to submit an Initial Environment Examination (IEE) and/or Environment
Impact Statement (EIS). If so required, the following shall be submitted by the applicant:
1. Detailed description of the proposed development, action or construction.
2. Detailed description of the physical, biological, social environment within which the
development construction will occur.
3. Detailed description of existing plans which will be affected by the proposed
development action.
4. Detailed description of other actions planned, or in the course of realization, which will
interact with the proposed action, so as to increase or reduce the environmental impact.
5. Detailed description of probable direct and induced impact of the proposed action on
the physical biological and social environment.
6. Comparison of impact of alternative actions.
7. Special emphasis on adverse effects, long-term effects, resource commitments and
cost-benefit analysis.
Section 5. Pollution Control. For effective pollution control, all manufacturing industries
classified as pollutive by the DENR shall provide proper anti-pollutive devices and acquire
clearances and certificates from the DENR-EMB.
Section 6. Buffer Strip/Easement. In the utilization, exploitation, development,
conservation and protection of water resources, the following setbacks and/or easements
along the entire length of banks of rivers, creeks, streams and all waterways shall be
observed:
1. Five meters setback along the banks of waterways in urban areas
2. Twenty meters easement for the same in all agricultural areas
3. Forty meters easement for conservation areas
4. Forty meters easement for shores of bodies of water
183
The above setbacks/easements shall be subject for public use such as for recreation,
navigation, floatage, fishing salvage, promenading and related lawful activities. The
easement shall be measured in accordance with the procedure set forth in the National
Building Code of the Philippines.
Section 7. Special Permit Uses. A special permit shall be required for each of the following
uses, subject to terms and conditions as hereunder prescribed:
1. Junk Shops
1.1. The junk shop shall only be allowed in a medium density commercial zone and a
minimum area of 200 sq.m is required.
1.2. Concrete fencing with a minimum of 4 meters in height shall be put to prevent
undue scattering of wastes.
1.3. Poisoning of rats and spraying of flies shall be the sole responsibility of the
applicant.
1.4. Other sanitary requirements of the City shall be complied with and a clearance
shall be secured from the City Environment and Natural Resources Office
(CENRO).
2. Cemeteries/Memorial Parks
2.1 These shall be located outside of or within reasonable distance from residential
zones where no hazard to human health and life could result.
2.2. The number of cemeteries and memorial parks to be allowed shall be based on
the needs of the City.
2.3. Their proper maintenance shall be the exclusive duty of the applicant or persons
running them.
3. Funeral Parlors
3.1. Establishment of funeral parlors may be permitted in a medium density
commercial zone (C2) provided that they shall be located at a minimum radial
distance from the following: i) food establishments - at least 25 meters away; ii)
markets – at least 50 meters away; iii) abattoirs, schools and hospitals – at least
200 meters away. A one-way private road or alley of not less than three (3) meters
with corresponding entrance within the site of such parlor for the parking of cars
or cortege shall be provided.
4. Telecommunication Stations
4.1. Base stations and towers for cellular mobile telephone services, public mobile
telephone services, paging services, trunking services, wireless local loops and
other wireless communication services may be located in residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, agricultural and agro-industrial zones unless there are
expressed prohibitions under existing laws and regulations.
4.2. Their sound maintenance shall be the exclusive responsibility of the applicant
and/or the persons running them.
5. Cockpit Arena
184
5.1. They shall be located within the parks and recreation zone and have at least a 200
meter radius away from residential, commercial and institutional zones.
5.2. Adequate parking space should be provided for all its patrons.
5.3. Sanitary regulations should be complied with.
6. Piggery and Poultry
6.1. They must be located in agricultural and agro-industrial zones and outside urban
and major residential, commercial and institutional zones.
6.2. They must be located at least 25 meters radius away from sources of ground and
surface drinking water.
6.3. Medium and large-scale piggery and poultry farms must be at least 1,000 meters
away from built-up areas (residential, commercial, institutional and industrial
zones) while small-scale must be at least 500 meters away.
6.4. Piggery farms must be 500 meters away from major roads/highways and poultry
farms must be 200 meters away.
6.5. The site of medium to large-scale piggery and poultry farms must be at least one
kilometer away from one another to minimize pollution and health hazards.
Article XII
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Section 1. Locational Clearance. All owners/developers shall secure locational
clearance from the city zoning administration or in cases of variances and exemptions, from
the local chief executive through the city zoning administration and the City Development
Council for review and recommendation, respectively, prior to conducting any activity or
construction on their property.
Section 2. Building Permits. No building permit shall be issued by the building official
without a valid locational clearance in accordance with this Ordinance.
Section 3. Building Occupancy Permits. No building occupancy permit shall be issued
by the building official without official validation/verification from the city zoning
administration.
Section 4. Non-Users of Locational Clearance. Upon issuance of a locational
clearance, the grantee thereof shall have one year within which to commence or undertake
the use, activity or development covered by such clearance on his property. Non-use of
clearance within said period shall result in its automatic expiration, cancellation and the
grantee shall not proceed with his project without re-applying for a new clearance.
Section 5. Certificate of Non-Conformance. A certificate of non-conformance shall be
applied for by the owner of the structure or operator of the activity involved within one
year from the date of enactment of this Ordinance. Failure on the part of the owner to
register/apply for the said certificate shall be considered in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance and is subject to penalties. The city zoning administration shall immediately
185
notify owners of known existing non-conforming use so they may apply for the said
certificate.
Section 6. Grounds for Denial, Suspension, Revocation and/or Invalidation of Locational
Clearance, Final Approval and Development Permit, and Zoning Certifications. The city
zoning administration may order or direct denial, suspension, revocation and/or
invalidation of locational clearance, final approval and development permit, and Zoning
Certification on any of the following grounds:
1. Incorrect or inaccurate information found in application.
2. Non-compliance with the terms and conditions of the locational clearance or final
approval and development permit.
3. Suspension or abandonment of the work so authorized in the locational clearance or
final approval and development permit at any time it has commenced for a period of
100 days or more.
4. Unauthorized changes/modifications or alterations in the approved plans and
specifications and/or in the construction.
5. Failure to engage the service of a duly licensed civil or geodetic engineer to undertake
full time inspection and/or supervision in the implementation of the project.
All payments made for the suspended, revoked and/or invalidated locational clearance,
final approval and development permit, and zoning certification shall be forfeited in favor
of the City.
Section 7. Existing Non-Conforming Uses and Buildings. The lawful uses of any
building, structure or land at the time of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance may be
continued, although such uses do not conform with the provision of this Ordinance,
provided:
1. That no such non-conforming use shall be enlarged or extended to occupy a greater
area of land than that already occupied by such use at the time of the adoption of this
Ordinance or moved in whole or in part, to any other portion of the lot or parcel or land
where such non-conforming use exists at the time of the adoption of this Ordinance.
2. That no such non-conforming use which has ceased operation for more than one year
again be revived as non-conforming use.
3. That the total structural repair and alteration that may be made in a non-conforming
structure shall not, during its remaining lifetime, that is, subsequent to the adoption of
this Ordinance, exceed 25 percent of its assessed value.
4. That any non-conforming structure, or structures under one ownership which has been
damaged maybe reconstructed and used as before provided that such reconstruction is
not more than 50 percent of the replacement cost.
5. That should such non-conforming portion of structure be destroyed by any means to an
extent of more than 50 percent of its replacement cost at the time of destruction, it shall
not be reconstructed except in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance.
6. That no such non-conforming use may be changed to another non-conforming use.
186
7. That no such non-conforming use maybe moved to displace any conforming use.
8. That no such non-conforming structure may be enlarged or altered in a way which
increases its non-conformity, but any structure or portion thereof may be altered to
decrease its non-conformity.
9. That should such structure be moved for any reason to whatever distance, it shall
thereafter conform to the regulation of the district in which it is moved or relocated.
Section 8. Deviations. Exception and variances or deviation from the provision of this
Ordinance may be allowed by the Zoning Administrator/Official only when the following
terms and conditions are obtained:
1. Variances
1.1. The property is unique and different from the other properties in the adjacent
locality, and because of its uniqueness, the owner cannot obtain a reasonable
return from the property.
1.2. Conforming to the provision of this Ordinance will cause undue hardship on the
part of the owner or occupant of the property.
1.3. The hardship is not self-created.
1.4. The proposed variance is the minimum deviation necessary to permit the
reasonable use of the property.
1.5. The variance will not alter the essential character of the district or zone where the
property, for which the variance is being sought, is located and will not
substantially or permanently injure the use of other properties in the same district
or zone.
1.6. The variances will not weaken the general purpose of the Ordinance and will not
adversely affect the public health, safety and welfare.
1.7. The variances will be in harmony with the spirit of this Ordinance.
2. Exceptions
2.1. The exception will not adversely affect public health, safety and welfare and is in
keeping with the general pattern of development in the community.
2.2. The exception will not adversely affect the appropriate use of other properties in
the same district.
2.3. The exception will not alter the essential character of the district where the
exception being sought is located, and will be in harmony with the general
purpose of the Ordinance.
2.4. The exception will not weaken the general purpose of the regulation established
for the specified district.
Section 9. Procedure for the Granting of Exceptions and Variances. The procedure for the
granting of an exception and/or variances is as follows:
187
1. A written application for an exception or variance is filed with the Zoning

Administrator/Official, indicating the section of this Ordinance under which the
exception or variance is being sought and stating the grounds thereof.
2. The Zoning Administrator/Official shall make preliminary studies on the application.
If the grounds for the request were found valid, the time and place for the hearing shall
be set.
3. A written notice of the public hearing shall be served to the applicant and the owners
of the properties adjacent to the property which is the subject of the application, at least
15 days prior to the scheduled public hearing. Notice of such hearing shall be posted
on the property for which the exception is being sought, at the City Hall, and in one
other conspicuous place at least 15 days prior to the said public hearing.
4. At the hearing, any party may appear in person, or by an agent or attorney.
5. At the hearing, all interested parties shall be afforded the opportunity to be heard and
based on the evidence and testimonies prescribed, the Zoning Administrator/Official
shall decide on whether or not to grant variances/exception.
6. The Zoning Administrator/Official shall render a decision within 60 days from filing
of the application, exclusive of the time spent for public hearing.
Section 10. Responsibility for Administration and Enforcement. This Ordinance shall
be enforced and administered by the City Planning and Development Coordinator who
shall be appointed by the Mayor, pursuant to the provisions of the LGC.
Section 11. Qualification of the Zoning Administrator. The Zoning Administrator
shall be a reputable person of good moral character and shall possess specialized
knowledge, training and/or experience in the field of physical planning and zoning for at
least five years, provided, however, that no elective official shall be appointed.
Section 12. Powers and Functions of the Zoning Administrator. The powers and functions
of the Zoning Administrator are the following:
1. Act on all applications for locational clearance for all projects by:
1.1. Issuing the corresponding certificate of zoning compliance for projects
conforming with the zoning regulation.
1.2. Granting or denying applications for temporary use, recommending variances and
exceptions.
1.3.Issuing certificates of non-conformance for non-conforming projects lawfully
existing at the time of the adoption of the Ordinance, including clearances for
repairs/renovations of non-conforming uses consistent with the guidelines
therefore.
1.4. Imposing appropriate condition(s) on all permits/clearances/ certificates
consistent with laws, rules and policies laid down under this Ordinance.
188
2. Monitor on-going or existing projects within their respective jurisdictions and issue
notices of violation and show cause order to owners, developers or managers of projects
who may have violate the Zoning Ordinance and refer the same to the Sangguniang
Panlungsod.
3. Coordinate the enforcement of the form and substance of this Zoning Ordinance with
the Philippine National Police particularly on actions that need the assistance of the
police.
4. Coordinate all legal issues relative to the enforcement of this Ordinance with the City
Attorney’s office.
5. Coordinate the proposed amendments to this Zoning Ordinance with the Regional Land
Use Committee.
6. Coordinate relevant issues relative to the implementation of this Ordinance with
appropriate public and private entities.
Section 13. Complaints and Oppositions. A complaint for violation of any provision of
the Zoning Ordinance or of any clearance or permits issued pursuant thereto shall be filed
with the Local Zoning Board of Adjustment and Appeals (LZBAA).
However, oppositions to application for clearance, variance or exception shall be treated
as a complaint and dealt with in accordance with the provision of this section.
Section 14. Functions and Responsibilities of the Local Zoning Board of Adjustment
and Appeals. There is hereby created a LZBAA which shall perform the following
functions and responsibilities:
1. Act on applications of the following nature:
1.1. Non-Conforming Uses
1.2. Complaints and Opposition to Applications
2. Act on appeals on grant or denial of locational clearance by the zoning administrator.
The decision/s of the Board shall be appealable to the Housing and Land Use Regulatory
Board.
Section 15. Composition of the Local Zoning Board of Adjustment and Appeals
(LZBAA). The City Development Council shall create a committee which shall act as the
LZBAA composed of the following members:
1. City Mayor as Chairman
2. City Legal Officer
3. City Assessor
4. City Engineer
5. Two members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, Chairman of the Committee on Public
Works and Engineering and Chairman of the Committee on Landed Estate.
6. Two representatives from the private sector or non-government organizations,
nominated by their respective organizations and confirmed by the city mayor. They
189
shall serve for a term of two years or at the discretion of the Chairman. The
Sangguniang Panlungsod shall determine their remuneration.
Section 16. Interim Provision. Until such time that the LZBAA shall have been
constituted, the HLURB shall act as the LZBAA. As an appellate Board, the HLURB shall
adopt its own rules of procedure to govern the conduct of appeals arising from the
administration and enforcement of this Ordinance.
Section 17. Review of the Zoning Ordinance. The City Development Council shall
create a sub-committee, the Local Zoning Review Committee (LZRC) that shall review the
Zoning Ordinance considering the Comprehensive Land Use Plan, as the need arises, based
on the following premises:
1. Change in local development plans
2. Introduction of projects of national significance
3. Petitions for re-zoning
4. Other reasons that are appropriate for consideration
Section 18. Composition of the Local Zoning Review Committee (LZRC). The Local
Zoning and Review Committee shall be composed of the following:
1. Zoning Administrator as Head
2. Representative from the Sangguniang Panlungsod (which they will elect among
themselves)
3. Representative from the HLURB
4. Representative from the City Development Council
5. Private Sector Representative (to be appointed by the City Mayor)
Section 19. Functions of the Local Zoning Review Committee. The Committee shall
have the following powers and functions:
1. Review the Zoning Ordinance for the following purposes:
1.1. Determine amendments or revisions necessary in the Zoning Ordinance arising
from changes that might have been introduced in the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan.
1.2. Determine changes to be introduced in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan in the
light of permits given, and exceptions and variances granted.
1.3. Identify provisions of the Ordinance that are difficult to enforce or are
unworkable.
2. Recommend to the Sangguniang Panlungsod necessary legislative amendments and to
the City Development Council the needed changes in the plan as a result of the review
conducted.
3. Provide information to the HLURB that would be useful in the exercise of its functions.
Section 20. Prohibited Acts.
190
1. No structure, building, edifice shall be allowed, constructed and be given a zoning

permit, unless classified for its intended purpose.
2. No person whether natural or juridical, public or private shall make a representation
that a particular lot have been reclassified without prior reclassification of the
Sanggunian Panlungsod.
Section 21. Actions on Complaints and Oppositions.A complaint for violations of any
provisions of the Zoning Ordinance or permits issued pursuant thereto shall be filed with
the zoning administrator. However, oppositions to applications for clearances, variances or
exceptions shall be treated as complaints and dealt with in accordance with the provisions
of this Section.
Section 22. Amendments to the Zoning Ordinance. Changes in the Zoning Ordinance
shall be treated as an amendment, provided that any amendment to the Zoning Ordinance
or provisions thereof shall be subject to review and evaluation of the City Planning and
Development Office and shall be carried out through a resolution of 3/4 votes of the
Sangguniang Panlungsod.
Section 23. Processing Fees. All processing fees shall be in accordance with the schedule
prescribed under the existing Amended Tax Code of the City and shall be paid directly to
the Office of the City Treasure.
Section 24. Penalty Clause. Any person, individual, entity, corporation, partnership
who violates any of the provisions of this Zoning Ordinance, shall, upon conviction, be
punished with a fine (refer to HLURB Resolution No. 760 dated 18 February 2004 adopted
thru Angeles City Ordinance No. 151 Series 2004 dated 28 September 2004) and an
imprisonment ranging from one (1) month to six (6) months at the discretion of the Court.
Imposition of Administrative Fines. The Zoning Administrator or his duly authorized
representative may prescribe and impose fines not exceeding five thousand pesos
(P5,000.00) in the following cases:
1. Unauthorized change, modification or alteration during the construction in the duly
submitted plans and specifications which may violate any provisions of the Zoning
Ordinance.
2. Change in the existing use or occupancy classification of a building/structure or portion
thereof without the corresponding Certificate of Change of Use.
In addition to the imposed fine, the owner/applicant shall correct or remove his violations
of the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance.
Section 25. Suppletory Effect of Other Laws and Decrees. The provisions of this
Ordinance shall be without prejudice to the application of other laws and executive or
administrative orders of national agencies with jurisdiction over specific land areas, and
shall remain in force and effect, provided that the land use decision of the national agencies
concerned shall be consistent with the development plan of City.
Section 26. Business Permits and/or Licenses. As a suppletory provision to the
existing Amended Tax of the City, no business/mayor’s permit and/or licenses of any kind
shall be granted or issued in favor of any establishment if such establishment is located in
191
non-conforming areas or areas where such business or establishment is not allowed under
the provisions of this Zoning Ordinance.
Section 27. Separability Clause. Should any section or provision of this Ordinance be
declared by the Courts to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not affect the
validity of the Ordinance as a whole or any part thereof other than the part so declared to
be unconstitutional or invalid.
Section 28. Repealing Clause. All other Ordinances, rules or regulations in conflict
with the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed; provided that the rights that are
vested upon the effectivity of this Ordinance shall not be impaired.
Section 29. Effectivity Clause. This Ordinance shall take effect upon approval and
immediately after satisfaction of the required publication in a newspaper publication in the
City and posting of the same in conspicuous places in the City.
3.4.3 FINANCIAL VIABILITY
SOURCE OF FUND:
CITI GLOBAL REALTY & DEVELOPMENT,INC.
192
General Information
Year Established: 1993
Sector: Marketing And Sales
Industry: Real Estate
Employees: 200
Ownership: Private
Headquarters: Quezon City,PH
Web Site: http://www.tagaytayfontainevillas.com
❖ CitiGlobal Realty and Development, Inc. is a budding real estate development

company in the Philippines. It started as a marketing, landholding and leasing
company back in 2003 and accepted the challenge to become an efficient and
lifestyle developer in 2011.
CitiGlobal commits to providing Filipinos with decent homes that satisfactorily

reward their hard work. As a trusted real estate developer in the Philippines, they
have played a part in fulfilling the dreams of many Filipinos by providing quality
homes for their families or profit-generating investments.
193
As we grow in the Philippine real estate industry, we also look into providing
quality property investments for Filipinos, career opportunities for dedicated
individuals, and partnerships for those who want to grow together with us.
❖ Corporate’s Vision
In every step of our plan, we move towards a better Citi Global in the future. Thus,
our vision serve as our guiding rule in every actions and decisions we make as Citi
Global becomes a market leader in building community enhancement.
In the next Three Years, Citi Global will be the preferred Innovative Community
Developer of First Class yet affordable income and generating properties for Overseas
Filipino as well as Foreigners looking for their Leisure (Vacation) Homes.
Projects include Tagaytay Clifton Resort Suites, Tagaytay Fontaine Villas,
Diamond Beach Residence and other future developments in Palawan, Quezon City,
Batangas, Manila, Quezon City, Morong Bataan which focuses more on Condotel
developments.
❖ Corporate’s Mission
Our roadmap starts with our mission; it is our transparent declaration of our
commitment to the enduring service we give to our clients and our team:
We are committed to deliver quality Real Estate Projects through our

Passionate and Innovative Team, Self-Motivated & Result-driven employee
partners, as well as Value-enhancing and Functional designs that provided a
Unique Customer Experience.
We are Passionate to last at least 300 years so we take the long term mindset
rather than short-term thinking.
❖ Specialties
Residential and Commercial Development, Real Estate and Property

Development, Condotel, Lot, Investment Property, Hotel Management Services,
Condominium, Resort Development, Villas.
194
3.4.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL

In Angeles, which considered a highly urbanized city in the region of Central
Luzon, multiple residential, commercial buildings and business establishments are
being built for the development of the place particularly in Angeles City, since the
expected increase of tourists arrivals and visitors in the incoming years. The city’s
economic path further grows to be a target market for medium to high-end projects
and business developments. Due to the increase in demand for these types of projects,
a need for residential spaces, office spaces, commercial spaces, and recreational that
features and demonstrates how development can be integrated to form new approaches
by promoting sustainable new urbanism.
The proposed “FRONTERA” is a project comprising of mainly medium-high

density residential, recreational, and business facilities. The proposed structures will
help in increasing the economy of the city, and able to gain the attraction of the public,
thus, increasing the rate of tourist attraction and new landmark of the location of the
site. It is a proposal of a development that will support and cater the needs of Angeles
City in terms of demands for a medium to high-end place to stay; a development that
will accommodate tourists, locals and investors who wants a ‘live, work and play’
lifestyle with much affordability; a development that gives maximum livability
potential to its users; a development that fully encourages the idea of walkability; a
development that reduces pollution and becomes part of the environment.
3.4.5 DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONS

❖ Total Lot Area (TLA) = 45,673 sq. m
DEVELOPMENT CONTROL
TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA
ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM BUILDING
TOTAL LOT AREA * 80%
FOOTPRINT
45,673 * 80%
36,538.40 SQ. M
195
PERCENTAGE OF SITE OCCUPANCY AMBF / TLA

36,538.40/45,673
80%
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE AREA TLA * 15%

45,673 * 15%
6,850.95 SQ. M
MINIMUM UNPAVES AREAS TLA * 5%

45,673 * 5%
2,283.65 SQ. M
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
(PSO + ISA)
CONSTRUCTION AREA
95% TLA
TOTAL OPEN SPACE WITHIN A LOT ISA + USA *TLA

20% TLA
FLAR * TLA
9.00 * 45,673
411,057 SQM @ 14 STOREY
29,361.21 SQM PER FLOOR
TOTAL GROOS FLOOR AREA TLA * 1.50

45,673 * 1.50
68,509.50 SQM
CHAPTER 4: PROGRAMMING
These are the concretized abstraction of space management and their spatial
relationship and how the concepts of circulation analyze for good flow of human traffic.
These are termed space requirements, facilities that are guided by building rules and
regulations to highlight best result in providing the needs of occupants, the public and the
users, without disregarding the environment and adjacent sites.
196
4.1 BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
This cater the user’s activities in the project proposal operations in organization,
where different individual had interviewed to share their thoughts and ideas to interpret
their needs to make our project effective for the public. These enumerate the departments
and works on how they relate to each other, organized by groups, cyclic process, and
hierarchy.
TARGET USER’S -TOURIST
Tourist characteristics (based on the observation, not arranged)
❖ Planned a long term or overnight stay of tourist at the place

❖ Antipathies the boring or dead environment
❖ Always on time for their trip schedule
❖ Adores a place for picture moments, as remembrance for their holiday trips
❖ Likes to have some souvenirs from their adventure
❖ Like a lot of choices in one place
❖ Enjoys to eat in front of the beautiful views
❖ Likes in guided them for their destinations to avoid uncertainties
❖ Like an affordable but enjoyable and unique experience of stay
❖ Likes a modern and unique kind of tourist destinations.
TARGET USER’S- CITIZEN’S
Citizen’s characteristics (based on the observation, not arranged)
❖ Enjoy recreational areas with complete facilities and amenities.

❖ Likes park with large green spaces and picnic area.
❖ Likes Square with special feature and large Fountain Area.
❖ Likes Plaza with performing beautiful Dancing light fountain every night
197
❖ Likes Plaza with large viewing area and benches for the citizen’s and tourist
watching
TARGET USER’S- CITIZEN’S
Citizen’s characteristics (based on the observation, not arranged)
❖ Likes accessible and well located Offices.

❖ Likes a well-Lighted and well ventilated Rooms/ Offices.
❖ Likes spacious and large working spaces.
❖ Likes an offices with complete furniture and working materials to perform more
quickly and comfortable.
❖ Likes structures with Welcoming ambiance and beautiful aesthetics
OTHER STRUCTURES (Private/ Public)
❖ For them additional Tourist attractions and facilities is a new opportunity to have
work and experience.
❖ For them having new facilities and services in the Town is a new way for the
Government to improve their services and the Town Economic Growth.
❖ Likes a working area with complete materials and tools.
❖ Likes a work with good benefits and easy if not at least with training before the
work.
❖ Likes a place that has complete facilities to work with.
USER BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS
The researcher’s thorough analysis of the activities of each user in the

development will help on the proper zoning of spaces in the development. All zones have
its specific uses depending on the people who would use and each detailed space on these
zones are also planned and strategized to be adjacent to those complimenting facilities for
efficiency of flow and avoid congestion or delay in the operations in the building.
FACILITIES
❖ Office Building
❖ Condominium
198
❖ Hotel
❖ Commercial Spaces
❖ Administration Office
❖ Recreational Spaces
Office Building – is where the business transaction occurs.
Condominium - This space was owned by the end-users/ occupants who live in the
development.
Commercial Spaces - an area or complex of stalls which gives services to the general
public, office workers and building staffs.
Administration Spaces - this zone includes all the offices which involve in the
management of the whole development. This includes the administration office, financial
group office, budgeting office, sales group office, engineering and technical group office,
security office and housekeeping office. Administration department usually deals with
the issues that are concerning the company itself.
Recreational Spaces - The space that includes: Health Center, Fitness Center, Spa,
Chapel, Library, Green Areas and Observation Deck.
Utilities - these are areas for the developments, maintenance, mechanical, electrical,
security, and other utility services.
ADMINISTRATION
Administration works includes the following:
❖ Organizing - this work involves identifying responsibilities to be performed,

grouping responsibilities into different divisions and departments.
❖ Staffing - means assigning or selecting different individuals for the different job
positions.
199
❖ Planning - this department decides what, when, where to do something for the
benefit of the project.
❖ Budgeting - this department study about the implementation of a budget plan.
❖ Maintenance - this zone involves fixing any sort of mechanical, plumbing or
electrical device to maintain building proper.
IDENTIFICATION OF SPACE:
General Space:
❖ Administration Office - activities related to financial planning, billing and

Record keeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics, within the
project. Control of payment for the staffs is done by this department and it has
staff room for the employees.
❖ Sales Management Office - this department studies about the application of sales
techniques and other building operation sales.
❖ Security Office - it has a secured 24- hour security and roaming security guard
for the whole project and it has a CCTV control room.
❖ Finance Group Office - this group focuses on auditing and monitoring all
expenses for the whole project complex. It has a staff room for the employees of
this department.
❖ Engineering Office - this office study terms for the maintenance of several utility
service systems including mechanical, sanitary, electrical, structural and
architectural matters.
❖ Janitorial Services - they are the one who is responsible for cleanliness and
orderliness of the project complex. This consists of staffs including janitors,
gardeners, and other similar staffs.
ACTIVITY PATTERN:
CONDOMINIUM UNITS
❖ RESIDENT/ OCCUPANTS
Parking / Lobby / Security

entering the Check/ Information
building Desk
200
Can go to the
Central Park
Can shop/ eat etc. at ENTRANCE/LOBBY

Commercial Spaces
Can enjoy the
amenities and
recreation spaces at
Can rent an office podium, sky
for them to have a garden, fitness, center
access in the unit spa.
(live-work-play –
lifestyle pattern)
❖ STAFF
Parking / entering Service door/

the building security
check
Go to podium to take a
Locker (employee‘s
breath/ fresh air
area/ lounge)
because
of a long day of working
201
❖ VISITORS

check
LOBBY
202
Enjoy the amenities

and recreational
spaces at podium,,
fitness
center, spa.
INFORMATION DESK
If they have any

appointment, they
can
proceed by filling
up
visit/appointment
PROCEED log-in
form for security
purposes.
OFFICE BUILDINGS
❖ VISITORS

check
203
LOBBY
Enjoy the amenities
and recreational
spaces at podium,,
fitness
center, spa.
INFORMATION DESK
If they have any

appointment, they
can
proceed by filling
up
visit/appointment
PROCEED log-in
form for security
purposes.
❖ EMPLOYEES

check
204
breath/ fresh air Locker (employee‘s
because area/ lounge)
hours. Enjoy the
amenities and
recreational spaces at
podium, Designated work
fitness center, spa, and place (working hours)
observation deck
LEAVE
❖ EMPLOYEES FOR PRIVATE OFFICES

check
205
hours. Enjoy the
amenities and
podium, Designated work
fitness center, spa, and place (working hours)
observation deck
LEAVE
COMMERCIAL SPACES
❖ VISITORS

check
206
Can do their
Go to podium to take a purpose
breath/ fresh air (shop, eat,
because availing
of a long day of working any services from
hours. Enjoy the different stalls,
amenities and etc.)
podium,
fitness center, spa, and
observation deck
LEAVE
OFFICE BUILDINGS
❖ VISITORS
Parking / entering Service security

the building check
Access going to Access going to

admin area/ commercial stall/
management area areas
207
Enjoy the amenities

CONFERENCE ROOM and recreational
spaces at podium, sky
garden, fitness center,
spa, and observation
deck
Go to their
condominium unit
within the building if
they own one
Security Check Leave
❖ EMPLOYEES

check

hours. Enjoy the
208
Designated work
place (working hours)
LEAVE
PROCEED
4.2 INTERRELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
Figure 4.1.1 SITE BUBBLE DIAGRAM:
UTILITIES
CONDOMINIUM
PARKING
HOTEL
ACCESSIBLE PRIVATE PUBLIC PATH LIMITED ACCESS
OFFICE
TOWER 1
OFFICE COCHON-MENDOZA-PAVICO
209
Figure 4.1.2 CONDOMINIUM HOTEL BUBBLE DIAGRAM:
LOBBY
GARDE RESTAURANT
POOL
PUBLIC
FUNCTION
ACCESSIBLE PRIVATE PUBLIC PATH LIMITED ACCESS
RESTROOM HALL
HOUSEKEEPIN
G
CLINIC
210
Figure 4.1.3 COMMERCIAL BUBBLE DIAGRAM:
OFFICES
SERVICE
PUBLIC
TOILET LOBBY
COMMERCIAL
ADMIN
OFFICE
ENTRANCE
ACCESSIBLE LIMITED ACCESS
211
4.3 – 4.4 QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
SPACE USER AND AREA OF OCCUPANCY

APPROXIMATE
AREA / AREA PLUS
QUALITY OF No.
SPACE FUNCTION FURNITURE USERS USER 30% REMARKS
SPACES Users CIRCULATION
(sqm) SPACE (SQM)
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN

TOWER 1
ADJACENT TO
ELEVATOR LOBBY AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 40.87
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FIRE ESCAPE FIREPROOF STAIRS PUBLIC ---- ---- 103.64 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED, AUTHORIZED
SERVICE AREA ---- ---- ---- 60 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
CENTRAL STORAGE ---- ---- ---- 85 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
LOADING DOCK ---- ---- ---- 140 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
RDU ---- ---- ---- 33 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
SECURITY AND
CONTROL SYSTEM
SECURITY DIRECTOR'S AUTHORIZED ACCESIBLE
SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ----
OFFICE PERSONNEL TO SECURITY
11.7
AUTHORIZED ACCESIBLE
SECRETARY AREA SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1
PERSONNEL TO SECURITY
212
SECURITY STAFF AUTHORIZED ACCESIBLE

SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 3
CUBICLES PERSONNEL TO SECURITY
FILE ROOM SAFE, CONTROLLED ----
RADIO AND
COMMUNICATION SAFE, CONTROLLED 9.51
EQUIPMENT
SURVEILLANCE
DESK, AUTHORIZED ACCESIBLE
MONITORING AND SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- ---- 15.93
EQUIPMENT PERSONNEL TO SECURITY
CONTROL ROOM
HOUSEKEEPING
SERVICES
CONTROLLED, SAFE, NO VISUAL
EXECUTIVE HOUSE AUTHORIZED
SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- CONTACT TO
KEEPER OFFICE PERSONNEL
WELLVENTILATED THE PUBLIC
ASSISTANT HOUSE KEEPER AUTHORIZED
SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- 11.4 CONTACT TO
AREA PERSONNEL
LAUNDRY MANAGER AUTHORIZED
SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- CONTACT TO
AREA PERSONNEL
CONTROLLED, SAFE, ADJACENT TO
CLEANING
LAUNDRY AREA SANITIZED, STAFF 5.3 UTILITY
EQUIPMENTS
WELLVENTILATED ROOMS
MAINTENANCE AUTHORIZED
SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- 20.25 CONTACT TO
DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL
AUTHORIZED
JANITORIAL ROOM SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- 8.22 CONTACT TO
PERSONNEL
CONTROLLED, SAFE, ADJACENT TO
SUPPLY AND LINEN LINEN
SANITIZED, STAFF 18.3 UTILITY
STORAGE CABINETS
WELLVENTILATED ROOMS
NO VISUAL
COMFORTABLE, SAFE, AUTHORIZED
STAFF CANTEEN DESK, CHAIRS 70.13 CONTACT TO
SANITIZED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
213
NO VISUAL
MEN'S STAFF TOILET COMFORTABLE, SAFE, AUTHORIZED
5.36 CONTACT TO
FACILITY SANITIZED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
WOMEN'S STAFF TOILET COMFORTABLE, SAFE, AUTHORIZED
5.36 CONTACT TO
FACILITY SANITIZED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
COMFORTABLE, SAFE, AUTHORIZED
STAFF LOCKER ROOM 10.09 CONTACT TO
SANITIZED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED, MACHINE,
ELECTRICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 30 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED EQUIPMENT
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MECHANICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 63.25 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUMP ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 19 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AHU STAFF 324 0.37 342.5 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MRF STAFF 15 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AIR COOLED CHILLER STAFF 35 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
LINEN & GARBAGE CHUTE ---- STAFF ---- ---- 7.5 CONTACT TO
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
UTILITY ROOM STAFF 22.5 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
GARBAGE DISPOSAL STAFF 69.5 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
214
TOWER 2
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
AUTHORIZED
ENGINEER'S OFFICE SANITIZED, DESK, CHAIRS ---- ---- 16.47 CONTACT TO
PERSONNEL
AUTHORIZED
KITCHEN SANITIZED, ---- ---- 52 CONTACT TO
PERSONNEL
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
GEN SET ROOM STAFF 671 0.37 137.3 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 53.8 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MECHANICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 63.25 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
STORAGE ---- STAFF 324 0.37 60.75 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUMP ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 19 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AHU STAFF 324 0.37 342.5 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
215
NO VISUAL
AIR COOLED CHILLER STAFF 35 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
UTILITY ROOM ---- STAFF 22.5 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
GARBAGE ROOM ---- STAFF 16.47 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
TFA OF BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN TOTAL 2,289.36
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TOWER 1
GRAND LOBBY WELCOMING, SPACIOUS SOFA PUBLIC 336 1.48 247.62 PUBLIC SPACE
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FIRE ESCAPE FIREPROOF STAIRS PUBLIC ---- ---- 103.64 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
INFORMATION DESK AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 10.33
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
VALET SHOP SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 8.16
PUBLIC
216
ADJACENT TO
FOREIGN EXCHANGE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 6.12
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
BUSINESS CENTER SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 16.47
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
LEFT LUGGAGE FACILITY SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 4.2
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
MAIL ROOM SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 7.51
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
RESERVATION OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 3.71
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
VALET SERVICE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 2.88
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
TOURISM SERVICES SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 8.12
PUBLIC
TOILET FACILITY COMFORTABLE,SAFE ---- PUBLIC 2 1.8 30 PUBLIC SPACE
SOFA,DIAPER
BREASTFEEDING ROOM COMFORTABLE,SAFE PUBLIC 2 1.8 7.5 PUBLIC SPACE
CHANGER
SOFA,DIAPER
PARENTING ROOM COMFORTABLE,SAFE PUBLIC 10 1.4 11.25 PUBLIC SPACE
CHANGER
ADMINISTRATION
OFFICE
ADJACENT TO
ADMIN LOBBY AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 17.1
PUBLIC
217
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
SALES AND MARKETING OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 9 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTING OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 20.25 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 20.25 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
CLERICAL POOL SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 13.5 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELECTRONIC DATA AUTHORIZED
SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 13.5 CONTACT TO THE
PROCESSING MANAGER PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
GENERAL MANAGER OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 39.5 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
ASSISTANT MANAGER OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 24.76 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
LEASNG OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 16.5 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
CONFERENCE ROOM SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 25.75 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
PABX SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 8.75 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
218
NO VISUAL
AUTHORIZED
IDF SAFE, CONTROLLED DESK, CHAIRS 1 ---- 5 CONTACT TO THE
PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
AUTHORIZED
TOILET FACILITY COMFORTABLE,SAFE ---- 2 1.8 9.2 PUBLIC SPACE
PERSONNEL
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
LINEN & GARBAGE CHUTE MAINTENANCE PURPOSES ---- STAFF ---- ---- 7.5 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
UTILITY ROOM ---- STAFF 2.25 CONTACT TO THE
WELL VENTILATED
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 5 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SERVICE AREA ---- ---- ---- 70.53 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FIRE ESCAPE FIREPROOF STAIRS PUBLIC ---- ---- 36 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUBLIC
TOWER 2
GRAND LOBBY WELCOMING, SPACIOUS SOFA PUBLIC 336 1.48 247.62 PUBLIC SPACE
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
219
NO VISUAL
FIRE ESCAPE FIREPROOF STAIRS PUBLIC ---- ---- 103.64 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
INFORMATION DESK AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 10.33
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
VALET SHOP SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 8.16
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
FOREIGN EXCHANGE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 6.12
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
BUSINESS CENTER SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 16.47
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
LEFT LUGGAGE FACILITY SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 4.2
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
MAIL ROOM SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 7.51
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
RESERVATION OFFICE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 3.71
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
VALET SERVICE SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 2.88
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
TOURISM SERVICES SAFE, CONTROLLED ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 8.12
PUBLIC
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
LINEN & GARBAGE CHUTE MAINTENANCE PURPOSES ---- STAFF ---- ---- 7.5 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
UTILITY ROOM ---- STAFF 2.25 CONTACT TO THE
WELL VENTILATED
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 5 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
220
NO VISUAL
SERVICE AREA ---- ---- ---- 63.97 CONTACT TO THE
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUBLIC
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
FUNCTION HALL ---- PUBLIC ---- 600 PUBLIC SPACE
SANITIZED
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
COFFEE SHOPS ---- PUBLIC ---- 660.67 PUBLIC SPACE
SANITIZED
ACCESSIBLE TO
SAFE, CONTROLLED, PUBLIC / SEMI
RESTAURANT TABLES, CHAIRS 337 1.50 757.8 THE PUBLIC /
SANITIZED PRIVATE
PRIVATE
CENTRAL KITCHEN
ACCESSIBLE TO
KITCHEN CLEAN, SAFE ---- STAFF 88.11 THE PUBLIC /
PRIVATE
NO VISUAL
FOOD AND BEVERAGES SAFE, CONTROLLED, AUTHORIZED
---- 11.85 CONTACT TO THE
SERVICE SANITIZED PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
CHEF'S OFFICE ---- 9.97 CONTACT TO THE
SANITIZED PERSONNEL
PUBLIC
TFA OF GROUND
TOTAL
FLOOR PLAN 3,583.47
221
SECOND FLOOR
PLAN
TOWER 1
WARDEN
CLINIC/MEDICAL OFFICES COMFORTABLE,SAFE PUBLIC 35.28 PUBLIC SPACE
BED,SOFA
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
CONDOTEL LOBBY WELCOMING, SPACIOUS SOFA PUBLIC 89.32 PUBLIC SPACE
SMALL SCALE RETAIL
WELCOMING, SPACIOUS SOFA PUBLIC 720 PUBLIC SPACE
SHOPS 45 SQ M (16)
MEDIUM SCALE RETAIL

SHOPS 90 SQ M (1)
SMALL SCALE RENTABLE SAFE, CONTROLLED,

---- PUBLIC 495 PUBLIC SPACE
OFFICE (11) SANITIZED
MEDIUM SCALE RENTABLE SAFE, CONTROLLED,
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
SOFA,DIAPER
PARENTING ROOM COMFORTABLE,SAFE PUBLIC 10 1.4 14 PUBLIC SPACE
CHANGER
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
UTILITY ROOM ---- STAFF 3 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
222
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SERVICE AREA ---- ---- ---- 63.97 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FIRE ESCAPE FIREPROOF STAIRS PUBLIC ---- ---- 36 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
RDU ---- ---- ---- 18 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
TOWER 2
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
CONDOTEL LOBBY WELCOMING, SPACIOUS SOFA PUBLIC 89.32 PUBLIC SPACE

SMALL SCALE RETAIL
SHOPS 45 SQ M (15)
MEDIUM SCALE RETAIL
SHOPS 90 SQ M (1)

MEDIUM SCALE RENTABLE SAFE, CONTROLLED,
223
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
SOFA,DIAPER
PARENTING ROOM COMFORTABLE,SAFE PUBLIC 10 1.4 9.5 PUBLIC SPACE
CHANGER
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
RDU ---- ---- ---- 18 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
MINI ACCESSIBLE
SAFE, CONTROLLED, TABLES,
PUBLIC 353 TO THE PUBLIC
SUPERMARKET SANITIZED CHAIRS
/ PRIVATE
224
TFA OF SECOND
TOTAL 4,171.44
FLOOR PLAN
THIRD FLOOR
PLAN
TOWER 1 &
TOWER 2
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL ELEVATOR ADJACENT TO
AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 274.9
LOBBY PUBLIC
SMALL SCALE RETAIL
SHOPS 45 SQ M (14)
MEDIUM SCALE RETAIL
SHOPS 90 SQ M (2)
MEDIUM SCALE SAFE, CONTROLLED,
RENTABLE OFFICE (2) SANITIZED
ECUMENICAL CHAPEL SOLEMN PUBLIC 280.58 PUBLIC SPACE
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
225
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
RDU ---- ---- ---- 18 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
CONNECTING AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 404.8
ADJACENT TO
BRIDGE PUBLIC
TFA OF THIRD
TOTAL
FLOOR PLAN 3,137.62
FOURTH FLOOR
PLAN
TOWER 1
SAFE, SANITIZED, ACCESSIBLE
SALON PRESENTABLE, CHAIRS,EQUIPMENT END-USERS 30 TO THE
COMFORTABLE PUBLIC
MASSAGE BEDS,
WELLNESS SPA PRESENTABLE, END-USERS 53 TO THE
LODGES
COMFORTABLE PUBLIC
TOWER 2
EQUIPMENTS,
FITNESS GYM PRESENTABLE, END-USERS ---- ---- 111.26 TO THE
THREADMILLS
COMFORTABLE PUBLIC
TOWER 1 & TOWER
2
226
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
PODIUM LOUNGE AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 118.42
PUBLIC
COMFORTABLE AND ADJACENT TO
ARCADES & BILLIARDS SAFETY, ELEGANT ---- END-USERS ---- ---- 105.46 KITCHEN AND
INTERIOR DINING AREA
COMFORTABLE AND
SOUVENIR SHOP SAFETY, ELEGANT ---- END-USERS ---- ---- 18.97
INTERIOR
RECEPTION ---- ---- ---- 16.45
DINING AREA/BAR
SAFETY, ELEGANT TABLES, CHAIRS END-USERS 671 0.65 39 KITCHEN,
COUNTER
INTERIOR ARCADE, POOL
ADJACENT TO
KITCHEN CLEAN, SAFE ---- STAFF 671 0.07 21 DINING AREAS
AND POOLS
POOL DECK TABLES, CHAIRS END-USERS ---- ---- 370.69
SAFETY POOLS
POOL AREA END-USERS ---- ---- 337
SAFETY POOLS
TOILET & DRESSING ROOM COMFORTABLE AND ADJACENT TO
END-USERS ---- ---- 32
FACILITY SAFETY POOLS
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM STAFF 8.75 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUMP ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 13.75 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
227
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
SKY GARDEN
TOILET FACILITY CLEAN, SAFE ---- PUBLIC ---- ---- 28 PUBLIC SPACE
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
SOFA,DIAPER
CHANGER
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
CONNECTING AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 404.6
ADJACENT TO
BRIDGE PUBLIC
TFA OF FOURTH
TOTAL
FLOOR PLAN 1,966.54
228
5TH-12TH FLOOR
PLAN
TOWER 1 & TOWER
2
ADJACENT TO
COMMUNAL SPACE AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 247.66
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
COMFORTABLE AND BEDS, TABLES,
STUDIO TYPE UNIT 27.00 SQ
SAFETY, ELEGANT CHAIRS, END-USERS 2 ---- 324 ACCESIBLE
M (12)
INTERIOR CABINET
1 BEDROOM TYPE UNIT 30.00
SQ M (24)
INTERIOR CABINET
2 BEDROOM TYPE UNIT 45.00
SQ M (4)
INTERIOR CABINET
NO VISUAL
LINEN AND SUPPLY SAFE, CONTROLLED,
---- STAFF 30 CONTACT TO
STORAGE WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FURNITURE SUPPLY SAFE, CONTROLLED,
---- STAFF 16.42 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SAFE, CONTROLLED,
UTILITY ROOM ---- STAFF 20.25 CONTACT TO
WELL VENTILATED
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
MAINTENANCE
PURPOSES
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
229
TFA OF 5TH-12TH
TOTAL 1,763.76
FLOOR PLAN
13TH FLOOR PLAN

TOWER 1 & TOWER
2
ADJACENT TO
COMMUNAL SPACE AMBIANT, SPACIOUS ---- PUBLIC/PRIVATE ---- ---- 247.66
PUBLIC
ADJACENT TO
PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
3 BEDROOM UNIT 60.00 SQ
M (4)
INTERIOR CABINET
COMFORTABLE AND TABLES, ADJACENT TO
POOL DECK END-USERS ---- ---- 352.6
SAFETY CHAIRS POOLS
POOL AREA END-USERS ---- ---- 278.43
SAFETY POOLS
ARCADES & BILLIARDS SAFETY, ELEGANT ---- END-USERS ---- ---- 57.7 KITCHEN AND
INTERIOR DINING AREA
ACCESSIBLE
GRILLING AREA CLEAN, SAFE ---- STAFF 20 TO THE PUBLIC
/ PRIVATE
TOILET FACILITY CLEAN, SAFE ---- PUBLIC ---- ---- 20 PUBLIC SPACE
UTILITIES AREA
NO VISUAL
LINEN AND SUPPLY SAFE, CONTROLLED,
---- STAFF 30 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
FURNITURE SUPPLY SAFE, CONTROLLED,
---- STAFF 16.42 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
230
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
PUMP ROOM STAFF 324 0.37 13.75 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
LINEN & GARBAGE CHUTE MAINTENANCE PURPOSES ---- STAFF ---- ---- 7.5 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
TFA OF 13TH
TOTAL
FLOOR PLAN 1,585.99
14TH FLOOR PLAN

TOWER 1 & TOWER
2
NO VISUAL
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
SOLAR PANEL AREA ---- ---- ---- 670 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
CISTERN TANK AREA ---- ---- ---- 30 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
COOLING TOWER AREA ---- ---- ---- 18 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
GEN SET ---- ---- ---- 42 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM ---- ---- ---- 49.67 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
231
NO VISUAL
AHU ---- ---- ---- 313.44 CONTACT TO
THE PUBLIC
NO VISUAL
ELEVATOR MACHINE SAFE, CONTROLLED, AUTHORIZED
---- ---- ---- 101.73 CONTACT TO
MAINTENANCE WELL VENTILATED PERSONNEL
THE PUBLIC
TFA OF 14TH FLOOR PLAN TOTAL 1,370.84
A Proposed High-End Condominium Hotel with Commercial Hub
232
CHAPTER 5: SYNTHESIS
5.1 DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
“Whatever good things we build end up building us”
– Julia Morgan
“A community has to have the capacity to envision a future they want, and not just the
one they are likely to get.”
- unknown
As designers, we must have a clear foresight upon designing different structures, making
them beneficial not only to the existing but also to the succeeding generations of users.
Good designs are outcomes of a strong, firm and resilient community that functions
efficiently and effectively. It is a thought that fully explains the idea of a sustainable
design that has a huge contribution in making the community last long up to future
generations.
5.2 DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The main design goal and objective of “THE FRONTERA” is to promote

timeless & flexible architecture, by providing an improved living standards and high
quality of life that can easily cope up with the current dilemmas of the country. To design
a mixed-use development that covers a range of strategies to ensure that it grows in ways
that are environmentally, economically stronger and more socially diverse for its
inhabitants.
233
Furthermore, the project aims to help in boosting Angeles’s economic development,

making it the ideal location for the metropolitan necessity and the provincial oasis that
most look for.
❖ To design structures that will accommodate the increasing number of investors

and visitors in Angeles City.
❖ To create a compact development that will reduce distances between residential,
commercial establishments, workspaces and other amenities.
❖ To build a structures with different uses that would harmonize together.
❖ To provide a development that will be beneficial not only to its users, but also to
the environment and neighboring structures around its perimeters.
❖ To create a strong community that encourages “walkability.”
❖ To develop a strong building image to its overall designs – making it a model
community within its vicinity
5.3 DESIGN CONCEPT
The general design concept of the development is derived from the beyond
architecture and contemplated with the topology and filipino style of architecture that
influences the new idea of space to summarize and applied to an inspiration to create the
mass composition of the structure and other elements of the project. The proponents are
aiming to get the most effective concepts out of all these structures and combine them to
form a hybrid topology-Filipino inspired building that will remind the communities of their
race, cultural background, ethnicity and also make them find the comfort they need.
As architecture, both the process and the product of planning, designing,

constructing a building and other physical structures must be concerning its environment,
it must not focus on one aspect of its element and must consider each composition as much
as possible the same as the projects aiming to attain. The environmental sustainability as a
234
mainstream issue of the architectural profession, the project aim to have a passive building
design, eco-friendly materials, building construction system and bring more attention to
structure energy usage.
5.4 DESIGN INSPIRATION
The composition of this mixed-use project proposal outlines its inspiration from
an old stone house in Angeles City known as Bahay na Bato. This type of house is mainly
made of stone blocks on the ground floor and wood panels on the upper floor. The
ground floor is mostly used for storage while the upper part is the residence. It acts as a
visual representation and reflection on today's concept of how modernization evolved in
times that brings a whole new image to the overall design approach, a merging of things
traditional and modern. This shall be translated as the aesthetic feature and space
relationship of the entire project. The project proposes a strong architecture that mirrors
and reflects its surroundings, bringing the past culture into a developed style and set as an
exquisite tone in present. Furthermore, it creates new experiences and new perspectives
for the people within the development.
5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS
❖ Aesthetic Design – the approach of the development must give a refreshing yet
in-depth look into the historic past and culture of Angeles City it is related to
the promotion of Filipino design and contemplated with topology architecture
to develop its own identity for hybrid filipino architectural style. The designers
must consider its characteristics that are new and unique to the eye of the
people, both the exterior and interior, for it is vital to the overall design of any
building.
235
o The architectural beauty achieve through creative use of its design

composition, by unity, balance, contrast, rhythm, character, proportion
and color.
❖ Orientation - design for orientation is a fundamental step to ensure that

buildings work with the passage of the sun and wind flow. Knowledge
regarding the sun path for any site is fundamental in designing a building’s
façade to achieve natural lighting and ventilation, as well as reducing glare and
overheating to the building interior
o Considering natural lighting, it is important to remember that the
position of the sun is dynamically changing according to time of the
day, time of the year and the site latitude.
o Considering natural ventilations, well oriented buildings maximize
natural air intake by well-organized plan and openings. taking full
advantage in natural aspects of passive cooling, chimney effect and
wind catchers, with the detailing of retractable louvers, vents below
windows, clerestories, atriums, high ceilings and angled panes for
catching the direction of wind breeze, we can assure thermal comfort
without mechanical means. This could also lessen the use of artificial
ventilations that releases carbon.
❖ Circulation - to achieve the best working conditions and efficiency in a spatial

organization in buildings by controlling the traffic and allowing free flow
movement of the users within an area.
❖ Safety and Security - It is important for mixed-use to have security management

to effectively support and maintain physical protection for the users and staff.
o The use of National Building Code (PD 1096) as guide in designing the
structures.
236
❖ Accessibility - Giving attention to the accessibility and mobility of individuals,

especially to persons with disabilities.
o Permits adequate access to its main destination between areas and spaces.
o Providing walkways, jog trails and other features to maximize the
accessibility of the public.
❖ Landscape - Providing a well-designed landscape can serve as a natural filter for
dust and chemical discharges stabilized humidity of the atmosphere, heat buffer,
noise and odor diffuser and shading devices to achieve the users’ comfort.
❖ Utilities – Considering the availability of source of power, inter communication

amenities, water supply, public transportation and drainage system.
❖ Building Technology – this focuses on the industry to go above and beyond the
rating design and to recognize those who innovate new technology, design, and
processes that will help improve the performance of the building and convenience
of the end-users.
❖ Topology and Filipino Architecture - overall designs should embrace concepts

and solutions of Topology and Filipino Architecture that will eventually serve as
an icon of what it is all about.
❖ Sustainable Development - the design of the development must be ecologically

friendly and ensure that it has a lesser negative impact on the environment.
237
CHAPTER 6: TRANSLATION
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256

An Architectural Thesis for a Mixed-Use Development in Angeles City

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Architectural Thesis for a Mixed-Use Development in Angeles City

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1.1 INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND

Looking at the recent year-on-year numbers of regional growth, from industries to

Angeles City, located in Pampanga, a strategic location for business growth. It is

HISTORY OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

Mixed-Used Developments can be ‘vertical’, in which a single building accommodates

TYPES OF MIXED-USED DEVELOPMENT ZONING

❖ Neighborhood commercial zoning – convenience goods and services, such

❖ Main Street residential/commercial – two to three-story buildings with residential

❖ Urban residential/commercial – multi-story residential buildings with commercial

❖ Office/residential – multi-family residential units within office building(s)

❖ Shopping mall conversion – residential and/or office units added (adjacent) to an

❖ Hotel/residence – mix hotel space and high-end multi-family residential

BENEFITS OF MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT:

1.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

❖ Noise and Air Pollution

1.1.3 ARCHITECTURAL THESIS GOAL/ OBJECTIVES AND

1.1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

1.1.4a SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to create a world-class accommodation beyond

❖ Provides a convenient, relaxing and satisfying environment for condominium

1.1.4b LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

❖ The study will not be including structural and non-architectural details.

1.1.5 PURPOSE/RELEVANCE/SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS

This mixed-use development strategically constructed particularly within

A distinctive compact development may minimize distances between housing,

1.1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT

Mix-Used Development – Is a type of urban development that blends residential,

Green – Is a development concept that carefully considers social and environmental

1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Pampanga-based developer to build a retail strip within The Infinity project

June 12, 2018 | 12:01 am

PAMPANGA-BASED developer AC Beautiful Island Realty Development Corp.

‘Condotel’ investment 101

By: Amy R. Remo - Reporter / @amyremoINQ

It’s a simple concept that packs a punch, investment

For Edgar “Injap” Sia II, famed founder of fast food

‘Condotels a growing investment option’

BY BEN KRITZ, TMT APRIL 05, 2017

Benefit for OFWs

P7B Clark project to attract tourists

CGF, the newest work-live-play-shop destination

Sun.Star Pampanga 29 Jun 2015 BY REYNALDO G. NAVALES Sun.Star Staff

P7-billion investment, three-hectare development project located a Lot 1 M.A Roxas

Gueco called the controversial P7 billion Capilion project in Clark Freeport as a

The Real Benefits of Living in a Mixed-Use Development

November 21st, 2016

What is a mixed-use development?

By definition, a mixed-use development is a real estate project that blends residential,

2. Reduce automobile dependence

Being automobile-dependent discourages you to be truly in tune with your environment.

3. Demand for more open, public spaces

4. Sense of place and community

in living spaces that encourage such bonds.

Vertical Communities in the Philippines: Current Scenario and Future Directions

January 23, 2019

The Value of Vertical Living

The Present State

What the Future Entails

According to the same report, occupancy in residential condominiums across Metro

Metro Clark will be the next growth area in the PHL