EMERGING TRENDS

Immersive Experiences
An “immersive experience” refers to the illusionary environment made possible
through technology enhancing everyday life by making it more engaging or satisfying.
These experiences can be achieved through Augmented Reality(AR), Virtual
Reality(VR) .
VR
With VR, a user is completely shut out from the real of the world while being
surrounded by 3D virtual environment that appears and feels like a real
environment with the use of electronic equipment. Using a VR device, users
experience being transported into real and imagined worlds as if they are really
there. Examples include Google cardboard or the VR device for Windows.
AR
In Augmented Reality (AR) digital images are presented on top of the real world.
The user is not transported in to any imaginary world rather there is an extension
which is implemented through a smartphone or a similar device. A great example
of AR is Snapchat Filters. With Snapchat Filters you can overlay digital images of a
puppy, cat, movie star, etc. onto your face.

Artificial intelligence (AT) refers to the ability of a machine or a computer program to

think, learn and evolve. The intelligent digital personal assistants like Siri, Google
Now, Cortana, Alexa are all powered by AI. Artificial Intelligence endeavours to
simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines, thus making them
behave intelligently. An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the
cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision-making and problem solving.

Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems

the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience after initial trainings.
It comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions.
These algorithms, called models, are first trained and tested using a training data and
testing data, respectively. After successive trainings, once these models are able to
give results to an acceptable level of accuracy, they are used to make predictions
about new and unknown data. Examples Face recognition

NLP (Natural Language Processing) is an artificially intelligence technology which

helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human language and even
potentially generate human language. An NLP system can perform text-to-speech
and speech-to-text conversion. Example Auto complete, voice based text messaging,,
spam mail filters, Machine translation like google translator, chatbots, virtual
persobal assistants like Alexa,Siri
Robotics is a branch of science and technology that deals with the conception,
design, instruction, manufacture, and operation of robots. A robot is a machine which
has the ability to carry out complex actions and movements automatically. The role of
robots is to take over hard and dangerous jobs. Jobs that are repetitive and need at
precision are the ones robots are good at. There's no room for human error in these
jobs. Since robots are machines and computer-controlled, all the calculations of each
movement are accurate. The goal of robotics is to design intelligent machines that
can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe.
Robots are being used in industries, medical science, education, scientific research,
military, etc. Some examples of Robots are:
Humanoids: eg Sophia
Drones eg. For amazon
Military and emergency response robots eg. Mars Rover
Medical robots eg, used in surgery

Data analytics refers to discovering hidden patterns, trends and preferences, from
the data set by employing specialised methods, programs, software and specialised
systems. Pandas is a library of the programming language Python that can be used as
a tool to make data analysis much simpler.

The loT (Internet of Things) is a new age technology that allows computing devices to
transfer data over a network like Internet without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction. The Internet of Things is simply "A network of
Internet connected objects able to collect and exchange data." It is commonly
abbreviated as IoT. Examples of objects that can fall into the scope of Internet of
Things include connected security systems, thermostats, cars, electronic appliances,
lights in household and commercial environments, alarm clocks, speaker systems,
vending machines and more.

Sensors are devices which measure some physical energy (like temperature or
change in direction etc.) and convert it into some type of signals. Smart sensors are
intelligent sensors that can convert the measured quantities into a digital data,
digitally process them, transmit them and can perform some form of decision making.
A smart City is a city e that uses technology to provide services and solve City
problems. It uses technology like IoT sensors, cameras, social media to connect,
protect and enhance the lives of its citizens to provide improved quality and
sustainability.
Cloud computing is the Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand,
like the electricity grid. The "cloud" represents the Internet. Cloud computing is the
on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and
computing power, without direct active management by the user. Data is not
stored on the PC in this case. It is available and accessible across devices. Clouds
may be limited to a single organization (private cloud), or be available to many
organizations (public cloud) like MeghRaj is govt provided cloud computing platform,
DropBox , Google Drive- storage on demand
Advantages :
1. Cost Effective: Since it does not require physical hardware installation, the cost
of maintenance is very low. The data is accessible on demand thus no need for
keeping printouts etc.
2. High Speed : The services can be deployed very quickly thus making resources
available in a few minutes.
3. Easy Back up and Restore: The back up and restoration of data is a time
consuming process which requires resources. But with cloud computing this has
become very simple and quick.
4. Huge storage: The cloud offers almost unlimited storage with more and more
providers offering extensive storage.
5. Software updates: In most cloud computing applications software integration
takes place automatically thus saving user efforts and time.
6. Remote access: Due to the nature of the storage and accessibility, users can
access data and services on the move.
7. Collaboration: Geographically distant users working on the same
project/company can easily collaborate and exchange ideas etc.
Disadvantages:
1. Technical issues: Cloud systems are prone to outages and technical glitches.
This can adversely affect the performance.
2. Performance issues: Since resources are shared in cloud computing,
performance issues prevail.
3. Security: Since the data is on the cloud, it is not entirely safe from crackers.
Also sensitive information is prone to cyber attacks.
4. Internet Connectivity: To access services and data on the cloud , good Internet
quality is essential.
Grid computing is a form of distributed computing that involves the coordination and
sharing of geographically distributed networked computational resources. Thus is a
grid computing system, every resource is shared, turning a computer network into a
powerful supercomputer

A block refers to a secure data chunk that stores encrypted details of a valid
transaction that has occurred online.
Blockchain is the group of linked blocks, which are related to each other and are in a
proper, linear chronological order. It stores the complete trail of transactions.
Block contains a hash of the previous block. Hashing is an encrypting mechanism that
makes forgery impossible. This makes the system more transparent.
Blockchain Technology is a decentralised, digitized, shared ledger(database) of each
of the online transactions (mostly financial, but not always) occurring among a
network of peers. (peer-to-peer network) An Example of blockchain technology is
crytocurrency.

Big data is a term used to describe extremely large data sets that traditional database
applications cannot deal with. Characteristics of Big Data are Volume, Variety,
Velocity, Veracity and Value.
1) Volume (size of data). Volume describes the amount of data generated by
organization individuals. Big Data is usually associated with this characteristic,
e.g., Every day we of 2.5 quintillion bytes of data.
2) Velocity (Speed of data in and out, generated). Velocity describes the
frequency at which data generated, captured and shared, e.g., Every 60
seconds 400 hours of new YouTube video shares 2430555 Instagram likes take
place etc.
3) Variety (Types of data and sources). Big data means much more than rows and
columns ie structured data . It means unstructured text, video, audio that can
have important impacts on company decisions – if it's analyzed properly in
time, e.g. Image, audio, video, text, etc.
4) Veracity (usefulness/accuracy of data). The data can either be of questionable
quality or lack authenticity. It is prone to noise or bias. We should check "Is the
information is real or false".
5) Value. Our ability and needs to turn data into value. So, value may be in the
form of Profit, medical or social benefits.