Linear Programming System ( version 1.

3 )

Initial tableau
     Variables  
RHS   Constraint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cond. Value  1 1 1 0 0 0 0
 0 <= 2750  2 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 <= 7500  3 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 <=
 2500  4 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 <= 10500  5 -1.5 -
1.2 3 2.4 2.625 1 .5 <= 0  6 -1.5 -1.2 0 0 0 2 1 <= 0  7 -
1.5 -2.4 0 0 0 1 3 <= 0  8 -1 -
1 1 1 1 1 1 <= 0  Objective -4.5 -
3 16.8 31.2 28.5 28 24.4 = Maximum 
Optimal Solution

The value of the objective = 61950

Variables

Variable Value  1 2000  6 1500  2 750.0000000002  4

1000 
Binding constraint Variables

Constraint shadow-
price  1 3  3 19.2  4 .5428571428572  5 5.000000000001

Slack constraint

Constraint
Slack  8 250  2 1500  6 899.9999999999  7 3300 

Linear Programming examples

(1) maximise 3X1 + 2X2 + 4X3

St. X1 + X2 + X3 ≤ 100
X1 + 3X2 ≤ 80
X2 + 4X3 ≤ 150


 X2
X3 60% WAX CONCENTRATING 90%
PLANT.

X4 40%
80%
X1

(2) A shoe manufacturer can sell men’s shoes at £3 per pair , women’s
shoes at £5 per pair and children’s shoes at £2 per pair.
He has two machines and can employ up to 10 persons.
Working a 40 hours / week, the necessary costs of a machine are50 P per
hour and the wage rates are 25 p per hour.

The times required are ( hours per pair )

Shoes    men’s women’s children’s  Machine

hours 2 3 2  Employee hours 6 10 2 

In order to make profit

How many pairs of each kind should he produce ?
How many people should he employ ?
( Ans: make 27 pairs of women’s shoes and nothing else . 7 people)

(3) A wax concentrating plant receives feed stock with a low

concentration of wax and refines it into a product with
a high concentration of wax.

The selling prices of the products are :

X1 £8 per 100 lb.

X2 £6 per 100 lb.

The raw material costs are :

X3 £1.5 per 100 lb.


 X4 £3 per 100 lb.

The plant operates under the following constraints:

a) No more wax leaves the plant than enters it .

b) The receiving facilities of the plant are limited to no

more than a total of 800 lb/ hr .

c) The package facilities can accommodate a maximum of

600 lb/ hr of X2 or 500 lb/hr of X1 & can switch from one to the
other with no loss of time.

If the operating cost of the plant of constant , determine the purchase &
production plan that results in the maximum profit .

( Ans: X1 = 500 , X2 = 0 , X3 = 150 , X4 = 650 lb/hr)

profit £ 18.25 per hour .

(4) A wholesale grocer has three main depots & six cash and
carry warehouses . The relevant distances , needs and outputs
are summarised below:

   Main depots  Daily needs     (distance in

miles)      Liverpool Manchester Wigan (Lorry
loads)  Cash Chester 18 37 37 12  and St. Helens
11 24 12 11  carry Newcastle 52 37 37 23  ware 
preston
31 30 30 22  houses Bolton 28 11 10 23   Warrington
 17 18 12 14         Daily output 25 50 20  
(Lorry loads)     

Calculate the transport plan which minimises the total daily mileage .
Give this figure and state which warehouse (s) do (es) not receive the full


 requirements.
(5) A farming syndicate grows potatoes at four farms in
eastern England and distributes them for sale in six market
towns. Transportation costs in pence per 25 Kg sack of potatoes are
:

Market
Farm walden Cambridge Chester Little
wood Braintree Ipswitch
  March 20 15 25 17 36 25  St. Neots
17 13 30 10 29 37  Wymondham 28 24 27 21 24 23
Horncastle 33 30 12 20 40
42

Three types of potatoes are grown and the selling prices are :
Red king £ 4.00 Per 25 Kg sack
king Edward £ 3.80 Per 25 Kg sack
Majestic £ 3.60 Per 25 Kg sack

The average productions for the for the four farms & contributions are :
Farm Red king king Majestic Contributions
Edward
March 40 30 30 £2 / sack
St. Neots - 50 50 £ 1.95 / sack
Wymondham 20 60 20 £ 1.90 / sack
Horncastle 100 - - £ 1.90 / sack

The average productions rates & Demand ( Thousands of sacks per annum ) are :

Rates Demand
March 8 walden 4
St. Neots 12 Cambridge 3
Wymondham 10 Chester 6
Horncastle 9 Little wood 5
Braintree 5
Ipswich 7

Any surplus potatoes are sold to a manufacturer of frozen chips at

thet ford . The price obtained is the same for all varieties but due to
varying transport costs. The contributions are as in table above .


 Show that an optimum distribution scheme exists in which Braintree is
supplied equally by St. Neots and Wymondham . Also show that in any
optimum scheme , all out put from march is sold to the chip factory.

Ans : Q 5

The average selling prices are :

March = £ 4.00 * 0.4 + £ 3.80 * 0.3 +£ 3.60 *0.3 = £ 3.82

St. Neots = £ 3.80 * 0.5 + £ 3.60 * 0.5 = £ 3.70
Wymondham = £ 4.00 * 0.4 + £ 3.80 *0.3 +£ 3.60 *0.3 = £ 3.82
Horncastle = £ 4.00

Transportation Costs = X p / 25 Kg .

Thus the selling price for MARCH = £ 3.82 - 0.2 = £ 3.62

Production (1000 s) Demand (1000 s)

March 8 walden 4
St. Neots 12 Cambridge 3
Wymondham 10 Chester 6
Horncastle 9 Little wood 5
Braintree 5
39 Ipswich 7
30
Thetford 9
39

362 367 373 365 350 351 184

Market wald Cam Ches Lit Br. Ips Thet production
Farm wood tree witch ford
March 362  357 365 346 357 200 8
0 ( 367 -16 ( -4 6 16
(
     St.  353 357 340 360 341 333 175 12
Neots ( -1 -24 4 ( -9 (
-9
     Wymon  352 356 353 359 356 357 190 10
dh -16 -17 -26 -12 ( ( 0
6
      Hornc 367 370 388 380 360 358 150 9
astle -10 -12 ( ( -5 -8 -49
15
Demand 4 3 6 5 5 7 9 39


Now . m+n-1 = 4 + ( 7-1 ) = 10

Looking for the highest selling price values & allocating as many as possible,
taking into account the total of a column & row.


 The highest is ( 388 ). Thus allocating as much as possible ( max ).

353 = 362 + x x = -9
Working back wards.
( -9 + 367 - 1 ) = x ( 357

Also . -9 + x = 341 ( x = 350

Now 350 + x = 356 ( x= 6

Now 6 + x = 357 ( x = 351

-9 + x = 175 ( x = 184 ( Thetford )
365 + x = 380 ( x = 15
15 + x = 388 ( x = 373

( Shadow prices are complete , Thus complete table.

Thus looking for the highest +ve number & allocating as many as possible .
Since 16 is the highest +ve number allocating ( from now table .

i.e. wald & taking ( from thetford .

378 367 373 365 366 367 200

wald Cam Ches Lit Br. Ips Thet production
Market wood tree witch ford
Farm
March 362  357 365 346 357 200 8
0 -16  367 -16 ( -20 -10 (
(
St. Neots  353 357  340 360 341 333 175 12
-25 ( 15 -8 20 ( -9 (
      Wy  352 356 353 359 356 357 190 10
mondh -16 -1 -10 4 ( ( 0
-10
Horncastle 367 370 388 380 360 358 150 9
15 -26 -12 ( ( -21 -24 -65
Demand 4 3 6 5 5 7 9 39

200 + x = 175 ( x = -25 &

-25 + x = 353 ( x = 378


 Going for high + ve values again, remembering also that the appearance of Zero
in the table above indicates that another alternative arrangement is possible.
378 382 393 385 366 367 200
Market wald Cam Ches Lit Br. Ips Thet production
Farm wood tree witch ford
March 362  357 365 346 357 200 8
0 -16 367 -36 -20 -20 -10 (
-15
St. Neots  353 357  340 360 341 333 175 12
-25 ( ( -28 ( ( -9 (
Wymondh  352 356 353 359 356 357 190 10
-10 -16 -16 -30 -16 ( ( 0
Horncastle 367 370 388 380 360 358 150 9
-6 -7 ( ( -1 -4 -45
-5
Demand 4 3 6 5 5 7 9 39

Now all values are negative , However the appearance of Zero indicates another alternative is
possible . Thus designating (a) to the above table .

378 382 393 385 366 367 200

Market wald Cam Ches Lit Br. Ips Thet production
Farm wood tree witch ford
March 362  357 365 346 357 200 8
0 -16 367 -36 -20 -20 -10 (
-15
St. Neots  353 357  340 360 341 333 175 12
-25 ( ( -28 ( ( -9 0
      Wymo  352 356 353 359 356 357 190 10
ndh -16 -16 -30 -16 ( ( (
-10
       Hor 367 370 388 380 360 358 150 9
ncastle -6 -7 ( ( -1 -4 -45
-5
Demand 4 3 6 5 5 7 9 39

The above table is the other alternative designated (b).

378 382 393 385 366 367 200

Market wald Cam Ches Lit Br. Ips Thet production
Farm wood tree witch ford
March 362 367 357 365 346 357 200 8
0 -16 -15 -36 -20 -20 -10 (
St. Neots  353 357  340 360 341 333 175 12
-25 ( ( -28 ( 21/2 -9 1/2
Wymondh  352 356 353 359 356 357 190 10
-16 -16 -30 -16 21/2 ( 1/2
-10
Horncastle 367 370 388 380 360 358 150 9
-6 -7 ( ( -1 -4 -45
-5
Demand 4 3 6 5 5 7 9 39


 (c)
Ans: Q4.

Using Required m+n-1=9 allocations

35 11 35 28 9 17
 Cash & Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warrin Out
Carry Helen Castle gton Put
0 Depots s
Liverpool 18 + 11 - 52 31 28 17 25
2
-17 11 + + + 14
1 M’chester 37 - 24 37 30 11 + 18 50
-35 2 + 23 22 3 -1
Wigan 37 12 + 37 30 10 - 12 20
+ e + + 20 -6
Dummy 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
10 + 0 + + +
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105

Thus trying to get rid of the degenerate e as soon as possible .

 18 11 35 28 9 17
Cash & Carry Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warrin Out
Depots Helen Castle gton Put
0
s
2     liverp 18 + 11 - 52 31 28 17 25
1
ool -2 9 + + + 14
       37 24 37 - 30 11 + 18 50
-18 M’chester + + 23 22 5 -1
     Wig 37 12 +  37 30 10 - 12 20
an + 2 + + 18 -6
 Dummy 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 0 10
10 + -17 -10 + +
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105

 The N.W Corner is governed by max value to be transported is 9 and

also to take some from ( M’chester - Newcastle ) will have to be
balanced by the demand & out put.


  18 -6 18 11 -8 17
Cash & Carry Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warring Out
Depots Helens Castle ton Put
0 liverpool 18 + 11 52 31 28 17 - 25
19
 11 17 34 20 36 14
M’chester 37 24 37 - 30 11 + 18 50
18 0 11 14  22 14 -18
Wigan 37 12 + 37 30 10 - 12 + 20
-18 1 11 1 1 9 -23
Dummy 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 0 10
1 24 9 7 26 1
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105



 18 17 41 34 15 17
Cash & Carry Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warrington Out
Depots Helens Castle Put
0 liverpool 18 11 + 52 31 + 28 17 -
25
12 -6 11 -3 + 13
-4 M’chester 37 24 37 30 - 11 + 18
50
23 11 13 22 15 5
-5 Wigan 37 12 - 37 30 10 - 12 +
20
24 11 1 1 8 1
-41 Dummy 0 0 0 0 0 0
10
23 24 10 7 26 24
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105

  The -ve signs in the table above indicates a further movements to be done , However working
the highest negative values first gives:


  18 11 41 34 15 17
Cash & Carry Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warrington Out
Depots Helens Castle Put
liverpool 18 + 11 - 52 31 + 28 17 -
0 25
12 11 + -3 + 2
M’chester 37 24 37 30 - 11 + 18
2 50
+ + 13 22 15 +
Wigan 37 12 + 37 30 10 - 12 +
1 20
+ + + + 8 12
Dummy 0 0 0 0 0 0
-18 10
+ + 10 + + +
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105

 18 11 38 31 12 14
Cash & Carry Chester St. New Preston Bolton Warrington Out
Depots Helens Castle Put
liverpool 18 11 52 31 28 17
0 25
12 11 + 2 + +
   M’chester 37 24 37 30 11 18
2 50
+ + 13 20 17 +
    Wigan 37 12 + 37 30 10 12
1 20
+ + + + 6 14
 Dummy 0 0 0 0 0 0
-18 10
+ + 10 + + +
Demand 12 11 23 22 23 14 105

Calculation:

Total daily mileage = 1895

Total min mileage = 160 mile

New Castle warehouse will not receive the full requirement.