AREA

SUDHIKSHA JR.COLLEGE,
KURMANNAPALEM, VISAKHAPATNAM.
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Geometrical Interpretation of Definite Integral:

𝑏
If 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏] then ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is numerically equal to the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis
and the straight lines x = a and x = b.

𝑏
In general, ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 represents an algebraic sum of the areas of the figures bounded by the graph of the
function y = f(x), the x-axis and the straight lines x = a and x = b. The areas above the x-axis enter into this sum with
a plus sign, while those below the x-axis enter it with a minus sign.

Area under the Curve:

(i) Area enclosed by the curve y = f(x) and x-axis between the
𝑏
lines x = a and x = b is ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 ∀ ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏].

(ii) Area enclosed by the curve y = f(x) and x-axis between the
𝑏
lines x = a and x = b is − ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 ∀ ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏].

(iii) Area enclosed by the curve y = f(x) and x-axis between the
𝑐 𝑏
lines x = a and x = b is ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝑐 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
if 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑐] and 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [𝑐, 𝑏].

SUDHIKSHA JR.COLLEGE,
KURMANNAPALEM, VISAKHAPATNAM.
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(iv) Area enclosed by the curve x = f(y) and y-axis between the
𝑏
lines y = a and y = b is ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 if 𝑓(𝑦) ≥ 0 ∀ ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏].

(v) Area enclosed between the curves y = f(x) and y = g(x) between the lines x = a and x = b
𝑏
is∫𝑎 (𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥) ∀ ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏].

Graphs of some special relations and functions:

1.
2
Graph of 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 .

2.
1
Graph of 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥2

SUDHIKSHA JR.COLLEGE,
KURMANNAPALEM, VISAKHAPATNAM.
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3. Rectangular Hyperbola.
The graph of xy = c2.

The graph of (𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝑦 − 𝛽) = 𝑐 2 .

4. The Astroid.
2 2 2
The graph of 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3 .

Its parametric equations are

𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

5. The folium of Descartes.

The graph of x3 + y3 = 3axy.

SUDHIKSHA JR.COLLEGE,
KURMANNAPALEM, VISAKHAPATNAM.
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6.
The graph of y = x. sinx.

7.
The graph of y = ex sinx.

8.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 .

9.
1
The graph of = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .

10.
1
The graph of = 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .

…..@.....

SUDHIKSHA JR.COLLEGE,
KURMANNAPALEM, VISAKHAPATNAM.