1 Ecology science that studies living

beings and their relationship with

the environment, meaning, with
their habitat
2 Aristotle one of the first to conclude that the
Earth was round, based on the
observation of the stars, eclipses, and
tides. The observation of this Greek
thinker also led him to write the first
treaties on flora and fauna, in works
Ecology

such as Theory of plants and Treaty

on the general principle of the
movement of animals
3 Eugene P. Odum considered the father of contemporary
ecology, who discovered the
homeostatic mechanisms of
ecosystems; that is, the mechanisms
that allow them to stay in balance and
the impact that human activities have
on them.

4 Method of Study All scientists base their investigation

on research questions. For ecology,
this is no different

5 Hypothesis theoretical, hypothetical explanations

of observations and measurements of
the subject of study or phenomenon
6 Experiment evaluates the predictions done by the
hypothesis in order to prove it right or
wrong
7 environment is the global system consisting of
natural and artificial elements of
physical, biological, chemical, and
sociocultural nature, constantly
modified by human or nature action,
and that governs the existence and
development of life.

8 Biotic factors are any living components in an

ecosystem that affect organisms in
relationships like competition,
commensalism, parasitism predation,
and mutualism
9 Autotrophs those that produce their own food
(plants, algae), also called producers
10 Heterotrophs they are also called "consumers", as
they do not have the ability to
produce their own food and therefore
 "consume" those who do or
“producers.” This group includes
animals and fungi.
11 Abiotic factors refer to the physical and chemical
conditions in the environment, such as
climate, temperature, salinity of
water, minerals in the soil.
12 Water It is necessary for all chemical
elements to move across the
ecosystem in a perennial cycle of
nutrition and decomposition.

13 Atmosphere This is the gaseous layer (nitrogen,

oxygen, water vapor, hydrogen,
carbon dioxide and other gases)
surrounding the Earth’s crust.
14 phenomena or characterization perform observations using the
senses, define and measure the
phenomena being studied.
15 producers. those that produce their own food
16 hydrosphere layer of Earth's structure, which
Geography

covers 70% of the entire planet

surface. The remaining 30% is land
17 The Water Cycle important terrestrial layer where water
exists, like the atmosphere, is always
in motion through the hydrologic
cycle
18 Evaporation due to the solar energy, and basically
water becomes gaseous
19 Condensation It happens when water vapor in the
atmosphere liquefies and forms
clouds. If the air’s temperature is
below the freezing point, ice crystals
will form around dust particles.

20 Precipitation It is the fall of liquid or solid water,

which is rain and hail or snow
respectively.
21 Runoff Most of the water will drain to form
streams and feed lakes and rivers.
22 Infiltration It refers to the part of the rainwater
that seeps into the soil and recharges
groundwater streams, another part
flows into the rivers, and eventually
lakes and oceans where the cycle
starts all over again.

23 The urban Water Cycle Fresh water from rivers and other
aqueous sources is exploited and
 pumped to urban concentrations in
order to meet the needs of human
beings. It is thus integrated into the
urban Water Cycle.
24 Supply The water is taken from the natural
environment; it may be a river, lake or
spring and sent to water treatment
facilities
25 Purification The plants in charge of making water
potable (i.e., that can be used by
humans, free of bacteria and other
microorganisms), use different
treatment methods, such as
sedimentation and ozonation.

26 Distribution Once the water is potable, pipes are

used to send water from treatment
plants and storage tanks to homes and
industries.

27 Consumption This is the moment the water is used

for any activity at homes, offices and
industries, ranging from the simple
act of opening the faucets for bathing
or brushing teeth, to the industrial
uses.

28 Sewer Wastewater is collected via the sewer

system, by which it is conducted to
wastewater treatment plants or water
bodies.

29 Treatment This step involves removing

impurities from the wastewater using
a variety of methods, in such a way it
is suitable for discharge back into
nature
30 Discharge Once the water has been purified, it is
returned to nature, pouring it into a
lake, river, soil or ocean and trying to
affect the environment as little as
possible. This allows the natural
Water Cycle to be restarted.

31 Seawater Nearly 97% of the water on our planet

is in the oceans, which are large
bodies of water stored in depressions
of the Earth’s crust.
32 Bays formed when the sea penetrates the
coast, surrounded by a closed
mountain system

33 Gulfs large penetration of sea into mainland

34 Coves bays closed on three sides so there is
only a small access from the ocean.

35 Fjords long narrow inlets with steep sides or

cliffs
36 Waves The oceanic waters are never still,
they are entities in continuous motion.
The most important movements are
the waves, well known as the ripples
on the sea surface caused by wind
action

37 Lentic environments, which are those with

still water such as in swamps and
aquifers.

38 Lotic environments where water is flowing

such as in groundwater streams,
rivers, streams, lakes and ponds.

39 History knowledge provides for a better

understanding of cultural and social
processes that affect, change and
shape the dynamics of a society that
sits or migrates from one region or
another.

40 Population geography branch of human geography that

studies "the distribution of the
population and its relationship with
the physical and social aspects

42 Mortality rate indicates the number recorded of

deaths recorded in a group for every
1,000 people in a given year.

42 Globalization economic process that comprises the

elements of technology, culture and
society at a large scale.

43 Anthropology helps us to see the evolution of the

human being both biologically and
culturally, its religion, language or
traditions.
44 Economy studies the products and services that
meet our needs, such as the
technology consumption.
45 Demography helps us understand the characteristics
of society, i.e., geographical
distribution, immigration, emigration,
and birth or death rates.