Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belgaum, Karnataka- 590014

A Mini-Project Report
On
“Traffic Prediction using Machine Learning”

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
ACCREDITED BY NBA

Submitted by

Karan Garg (1DS21IS045)

Sneha soni (1DS21IS107)
Shrishti Sharma(1DS21IS105)
Kashish Revankar (1DS21IS046)

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Vani K.A
Dept. of ISE, DSCE

2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHAVIGE MALLESHWARA HILLS, KUMARASWAMY LAYOUT, BANGALORE-78
 DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bangalore-560078
Department of Information Science and Engineering
ACCREDITED BY NBA

2021-2022

Certificate

This is to certify that the MiniProject Work entitled “Traffic Prediction using
Machine Learning” is a bonafide work carried out by Karan Garg
(1DS21IS045), Sneha Soni (1DS21IS107), Shrishti Sharma (1DS21IS105) and
Kashish Revankar(1DS21IS046), in partial fulfilment for the II semester of
Bachelor of Engineering in Information Science & Engineering of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2021-2022. The
Project report has been approved as it satisfies the academics prescribed for the
Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD

[Prof. Vani K.A] [Dr. Rajeshwari J]

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.
2.
 ABSTRACT

Traffic clog is one of the significant issues in India and it is particularly prevalent in the
metropolitan urban areas of the nation. Clogged streets can be viewed for instance of the
awfulness of the lodge. Since streets in many spots are free at the purpose of use, there
is minimal money related motivation for drivers not to over-use them, up to where traffic
falls into a jam, whenever request gets constrained by circumstance cost. Privatization
of interstates an street estimating have both been proposed as measures that may
decrease clog through monetary motivating forces and disincentives. Blockage can
likewise occur due to non-repeating parkway occurrences, for .example, an accident or
roadworks, which may lessen the street's ability underneath ordinary levels.While clog
is a likelihood for any method of transportation, greater part of the systems included
spotlight on car blockage on open streets. Image processing techniques have been
generally utilized in the control and the executives of traffic frameworks. To evacuate
the extravagance and infeasibility of these picture preparing frameworks, this paper
proposes an elective methodology, an algorithm, that would help circulate the traffic
equitably whilst controlling the signal by utilizing HERE maps API
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Literature Review
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Problem Definition
1.4 Objectives

CHAPTER 2

2. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
2.1 Flow Chart/ Algorithms
CHAPTER 3

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER 4

4. CONCLUSION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Future Enhancements
4.3 Learning Outcomes

REFERENCES
 Chapter 1

1. INTRODUCTION
Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most important and popular emerging
branches these days as it are a part of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In recent times,
machine learning becomes an essential and upcoming research area for
transportation engineering, especially in traffic prediction. Traffic congestion affects
the country’s economy directly or indirectly by its means. Traffic congestion also
takes people’s valuable time, cost of fuel every single day. As traffic congestion
is a major problem for all classes in society, there has to be a small-scale traffic
prediction for the people’s sake of living their lives without frustration or tension.
For ensuring the country’s economic growth, the road user’s ease is required in the first
place. This is possible only when the traffic flow is smooth. To deal with this, Traffic
prediction is needed so that we can estimate or predict the future traffic to some extent.
The plot of this research paper is to find different machine learning algorithms and
speculating the models by utilizing python. The goal of traffic flow prediction is to
predict the traffic to the users as soon as possible. Nowadays the traffic becomes really
hectic and this cannot be determined by the people when they are on roads. So, this
research can be helpful to predict traffic. Machine learning is usually done using
anaconda software but in this project, we have used the python program using command
prompt window which is much easier than the usual way of predicting the data.

1.1 Literature Review

1. The literature of machine learning is wide (Grumberg et al., 2003, Brodley and
Friedl, 1999, Meek, 2001 and Walker, 2000).The following is a brief
description of the various machine learning articles. The paper by Schlimmer
and Hermens (1993), describes an interactive note-taking system for pen-based
computers with two distinctive features. The system is an example of a learning
apprentice software-agent. A machine learning component characterises the
syntax and semantics of the users information.
2. In another work, Soderland and Lehnert (1994) present a novel approach that
uses machine learning to acquire knowledge for some of the higher level IE
processing. It was found that performance equals that of a partially trainable
discourse module requiring manual customisation for each domain .
3. The work by Price et al. (2003) is another addition to the machine learning
literature. The authors propose and study a formal model of implicit imitation
that can accelerate reinforcement learning dramatically in certain cases.
 4. Still on machine learning, the important study due to Gordon (2000) should be
noted. The study develops agents that are adaptive and predictable and timely.
The paper is to improve the efficiency of re-verification after learning, so that
agent has a sufficiently rapid response time.

1.2 Motivation

Traffic clog is one such reason because of which a lot of people lose their important
and significant amount of time. A successful implementation of project will gradually
reduce the traffic clog issue and would save a lot of time. Somewhere traffic clog are
one of the major reason for accidents, a correct and appropriate traffic prediction
would ensure less accidents and mishappening.

1.3 Problem Definition

To overcome the problem of traffic congestion, the traffic prediction using

machine learning which contains regression model and libraries like pandas, os,
numpy, matplotlib. pyplot are used to predict the traffic. This has to be
implemented so that the traffic congestion is controlled and can be accessed
easily. Users can collect the traffic information of the traffic flow and can also
check the congestion flow from the start of the day till the end of the day with the
time span of one hour data. In this way, Users can know the weather conditions of the
roads that they would probably opt to take. This also tells the accuracy of the traffic
by comparing their mean square errors of the past year’s data and the recent year’s
data. Users can also know how many vehicles are traveling on average by the traffic
prediction.
1.4 Objective

1. To help road users make better travel decisions.

2. To alleviate traffic congestion.
3. To improve traffic operation efficiency.
4. To ensure fast predictions which would allow traffic manager to take early
actions to control traffic load.
 Chapter 2

2. Proposed Methodology

The proposed framework means to progressively change the hour of the traffic signal
in view of a predetermined objective to lessen the blockage of traffic out and about
thus diminishing the time an individual needs to hold up in rush hour gridlock. The
framework depends on AI calculation which will push us to progressively change the
hour of the traffic signal. The framework will show the recreation of the traffic clog
changing persistently dependent on the dynamic time that is being given to the traffic
signal dependent on noteworthy forecasts of traffic on that street product functions
and features-Initially, data preprocessing was performed by storing only those
attributes(obtained from the api) that were prescriptory for further implementation of
our model. Implementation of machine learning algorithms are done using python to
show traffic prediction outputs. Also, the immediate and vital preprocessing gait
which is data cleaning was performed by getting rid of inconsistent values such as
empty strings and zero-based values.
2.1 Flow Chart

Figure 1 : Traffic Prediction Flowchart

 Chapter 3

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. Users get to detect the number of vehicles beforehand which will save them from
getting stuck in traffic jam which eventually saves their time.
2. Users can take different route when they get to know about the traffic condition
of a particular area which helps in preventing traffic clog.
3. Less traffic , less accumulation of vehicles will eventually prevent accidents and
ensure people’s safety.
 Chapter 4

4. CONCLUSION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

4.1 Conclusion

1. In the system, it has been concluded that we develop the traffic flow prediction
system by using a machine learning algorithm By using regression model, the
prediction is done
2. The public gets the benefits such as the current situation of the traffic flow,they
can also check what will be the flow of traffic on the right after one hour of the
situation and they can also know how the roads are as they can know mean of
the vehicles passing though a particular junction that is 4 here.
3. The forecasting or the prediction can help people or the users in judging the
road traffic easier before hand and even they can decide which way to go using
their navigator and also this will prediction be also helpful.

4.2 Future Enhancements

1. In the future, the system are often further improved using more factors that
affect traffic management using other methods like deep learning, artificial
neural network, and even big data
2. The users can then use this technique to seek out which route would be easiest
to achieve on destination. The system can help in suggesting the users with
their choice of search and also it can help to find the simplest choice where
traffic isn't in any crowded environment
3. These days, traffic prediction is extremely necessary for pretty much every a
part of the state and also worldwide. So, this method of prediction would be
helpful in predicting the traffic before and beforehand. For better congestion
prediction, the grade and accuracy are prominent in traffic prediction.
4.3 Learning Outcomes
1. Learns about how really traffic is generated on busy roads
2. Learn about how to avoid being stuck in traffic
3. Learns about how to control traffic
REFERENCES

1. F. Tang, Y. Kawamoto, N. Kato, and J. Liu, “Future intelligent and secure

vehicular network toward 6G: machine-learning approaches,” Proceedings of
the IEEE, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 292–307, 2020 View at: Publisher Site | Google
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performance analysis and resource management,” Proceedings of the IEEE,
vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 324–340, 2020. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
3. H. Zhou, W. Xu, J. Chen, and W. Wang, “Evolutionary V2X technologies
toward the internet of vehicles: challenges and opportunities,” Proceedings of
the IEEE, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 308–323, 2020.View at: Publisher Site | Google
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