ATC, description

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A40F Volvo SN 11001-99999

Description
ATC (Automatic Traction Control) automatically operates engagement and disengagement of the longitudinal differential lock in the
dropbox and clutch for 6-wheel drive (6x6) in the first bogie axle.

Figure 1
Overview, position of differential locks and 6-wheel drive

1. Transverse differential lock, front axle

2. Longitudinal differential lock
3. Transverse differential lock, front bogie axle
4. 6-wheel drive (6x6 drive), dog-clutch
5. Transverse differential lock, rear bogie axle

ATC is always active and engagement and disengagement of longitudinal differential lock and 6-wheel drive takes place independent
of each other.
The function uses a number of signals where the most important is the steering angle and the speed (rpm) difference between
propeller shafts for the front axle and the bogie axles. These signals are used to calculate slipping. If slipping is detected the function
automatically engages the longitudinal differential lock and 6-wheel drive to improve performance without unnecessary machine
wear.
ATC uses five sensors that are unique for the function; three speed sensors (SE4309, SE4310, SE4311), steering angle sensor
(SE6403), and air pressure sensor trailer(SE4608). These sensors, together with the air pressure sensor on the tractor (SE5501, are
also included in the system for parking brake) and speed sensor SE4307 provide ATC with important information. The sensors'
position can be seen in the figure below. The differential locks consist of dog-clutches that are controlled pneumatically using
solenoid valves. The pneumatic system is common with, among other things, the system for activating the parking brake.
ATC also monitors engagement and prevents the differential lock or clutch for 6-wheel drive from engaging in a way that damages
the drivetrain, which may occur at, e.g., too high speed (rpm) difference between the propeller shafts.
In this way ATC monitors engagement of the longitudinal differential lock and 6-wheel drive regardless of if they are engaged
automatically or manually.
Engagement differential lock and 6-wheel drive not controlled by ATC
All differential locks (transverse as well) and 6-wheel drive can be activated temporarily with a manual rocker-switch, SW4604,
located on the floor.
Figure 2
Rocker-switch for manual engagement of all differential locks and 6-wheel drive
Longitudinal differential lock is engaged when the parking brake is activated. This also takes place when the air pressure for the
tractor unit becomes too low.
Longitudinal differential lock and 6-wheel drive are also engaged and disengaged together with the retarder.
Calibration
In the function for ATC there are calibration functions for steering angle and tires.
If the machine's speed is above 38 km/h (23.6 mph), steering angle and tire calibration are active.

Ÿ Steering angle calibration:

Four valid calibrations of 75 seconds each (do not have to be in a row) are required, a total of 300 seconds, for a change of
the calibration value to take place.
Ÿ Tire calibration:
Tire calibration takes place if there are deviations in speed between the axles caused by different tire sizes.
For calibration to take place, speed must be >38 km/h (23.6 mph) and deviations in rpm are detected during a driving
distance of 2 km.

Display on instrument panel

Indicator lights for differential locks are activated on the information display unit when the differential locks are active.
This display can be deactivated for ATC, see Parameters in the software description below. If the differential locks have been
activated with SW4604 (foot switch) the display is always active.

Figure 3
Indicator lights, differential locks and 6-wheel drive
ATC may end up in failure mode, see section ATC failure mode in the software description. When this occurs, engagement and
disengagement of differential locks and 6-wheel drive is not handled automatically.
The control light for ATC is active on the instrument panel when ATC is deactivated since the function is in failure mode.

Figure 4
Control light, ATC
Sensor
Figure 5
Position of sensors that provide signals to the ATC-function

1. SE4212, sensor, input speed transmission

2. SE4307, sensor, output speed transmission
3. SE4309, sensor front output speed dropbox — measures output speed to the axle on the tractor
4. SE4607, position monitor longitudinal differential lock (engaged or disengaged)
5. SE4311, sensor rear output speed dropbox — measures output speed to the first axle on the trailer
6. SE4310, sensor input speed rear bogie axle — measures input speed for the rear axle on the trailer
7. SE6403, steering angle sensor — measures the angle between tractor and trailer
8. SE5501, sensor pressure parking brake — reads off the air pressure in the compressed air system on the tractor
9. SE4608, sensor air pressure — reads off the air pressure in the compressed air system on the trailer
10. SE3801, sensor, longitudinal inclination — measures the machine's longitudinal angle

Software description
When brake is mentioned in the following text, it refers to engine brake, transmission brake, and service brake.

Overview ATC
Request for activation
Remaining request

Conditions for activation

Remaining activation

Missed activation

Activation
Conditions, engagement longitudinal differential lock Conditions, engagement 6-wheel drive
A request for activation of longitudinal differential lock takes A request for activation of 6–wheel drive takes place when one
place when one of the following condition combinations is of the following condition combinations is fulfilled:
fulfilled:
¡ Slipping (rpm difference) with clutch for 6–wheel drive,
¡ Slipping (rpm difference) with longitudinal differential lock speed <20 km/h (12.4 mph) and brake not activated.
and brake is not activated. ¡ Slipping (rpm difference) with clutch for 6–wheel drive,
¡ Slipping with longitudinal differential lock, speed <4.5 km/ speed <4.5 km/h (2.8 mph) and brake activated.
h (2.8 mph) and brake activated. ¡ All differential locks requested with switch on floor
¡ All differential locks requested with switch on floor (SW4604).
(SW4604). ¡ Dropbox's torque >10000 Nm, forward or reverse.
¡ Dropbox's torque >12000 Nm, forward or reverse. ¡ Retarder activated and transmission not in neutral
¡ Retarder activated and transmission not in neutral position.
position. ¡ Transmission in 1st gear reverse.
¡ Low air pressure ATC trailer unit or defective sensor.
¡ Low air pressure ATC tractor unit or defective sensor.

If a request for activation takes place, then a remaining request If a request for activation takes place, then a remaining request
for activation is also generated if longitudinal differential lock is for activation is also generated if 6-wheel drive is activated and
activated and any of the following conditions is fulfilled: the machine's longitudinal angle >15 %.

¡ machine's longitudinal inclination >15 %

¡ slipping detected in the clutch for 6-wheel drive
¡ compressed air status not ok

Conditions for activation of longitudinal differential lock
For longitudinal differential lock to be activated, speed must be
<65 km/h (40.4 mph) and the rpm difference in the differential
lock is <2.45 r/s (147 rpm).
At activation of differential lock or if the dropbox torque has been
>12000 Nm and then decreased to ≤12000 Nm, then a
remaining activation is performed for 4–10 seconds depending
on the machine speed.
If the differential lock is to be activated for longer is decided by
other current conditions.
Missed activation is caused by engagement does not have time
to occur, e.g., due to too high rpm difference, >2.45 r/s (147
rpm),is detected in the dropbox, at the same time as the
accelerator pedal is activated and the brake is not activated.
Following a missed activation, the requirement for activation of
the differential lock is lowered with regards to the rpm difference.
Normally an rpm difference of <2.45 r/s (147 rpm) is required, but
after a missed activation the requirement is lowered to <1.77 r/s
(106 rpm).
To return to the normal requirement for activation <2.45 r/s (147
rpm), the following applies:
Conditions for activation of clutch for 6–wheel drive
For the clutch for 6–wheel drive to be activated, speed must be
<65 km/h (40.4 mph), compressed air status is ok, and the rpm
difference in the clutch is <3.5 r/s (210 rpm).
At activation of 6-wheel drive or if the dropbox torque has been
>10000 Nm and then decreased to ≤10000 Nm, then a
remaining activation is performed for 4–10 seconds depending
on the machine speed.
If 6-wheel drive is to be activated for longer is decided by other
current conditions.
Missed activation is caused by engagement does not have time
to occur, e.g., due to too high rpm difference, >3,5 r/s (210 rpm),
is detected in the clutch, at the same time as the accelerator
pedal is activated and the brake is not activated.
Following a missed activation, the requirement for activation of
the 6-wheel drive is lowered with regards to the rpm difference.
Normally an rpm difference of <3,5 r/s (210 rpm) is required, but
after a missed activation the requirement is lowered to <2,48 r/s
(149 rpm).
To return to the normal requirement for activation <3.5 r/s (210
rpm), the following applies:

¡ an activation after a missed activation must be performed
or
¡ no request about activation may exist and that the rpm
difference in the dropbox has been less than 1.77 r/s
(106 rpm).
¡ an activation after a missed activation must be performed
or
¡ no request about activation may exist and that the rpm
difference in the dropbox has been less than 2.48 r/s
(149 rpm).

ATC failure mode

If a signal that affects ATC is lost or incorrect the function goes to failure mode. Then the clutches are not engaged and disengaged
automatically.
There are two failure modes for ATC:

¡ Failure mode
¡ Failure mode speed

If the conditions for both failure modes have been fulfilled at the same time, the function for Failure mode speed applies.
Failure mode
Failure mode occurs if steering angle ATC or value for tire calibration is outside their limit values.
If failure mode occurs, it results in activation of:

Ÿ longitudinal differential lock if machine speed is <15 km/h (9.3 mph) and the rpm difference in the differential lock is <2.45
r/s (147 rpm). Activation remains, regardless of rpm and speed, as long as failure mode remains.
Ÿ 6-wheel drive if failure mode occurs, 6-wheel drive is activated if machine speed is <15 km/h (9.3 mph) and the rpm
difference in the clutch is <3.5 r/s (210 rpm) and compressed air status is ok. Activation remains, regardless of rpm and
speed, as long as failure mode remains and compressed air status is ok.

Failure mode speed

Failure mode speed occurs if any of the input signals for rpm ATC is defective.
If failure mode speed occurs, it results in activation of:

Ÿ longitudinal differential lock if machine speed is <5 km/h (3.1 mph). Activation remains, regardless of rpm and speed, as
long as failure mode remains.
Ÿ 6-wheel drive if machine speed is <5 km/h (3.1 mph) and compressed air status is ok. Activation remains, regardless of rpm
and speed, as long as failure mode remains and compressed air status is ok.

Software parameters

Ÿ VCADS Pro parameter (GIV) Display of diff-locks on driver display with ATC , is used to activate/deactivate the display of
engaged differential locks on the information display unit. Only applies if the differential locks have been engaged by ATC.
Ÿ VCADS Pro parameter (QM) Tire size is used to read out and enter the machine's tire circumference.

For more detailed information on the parameters, see Software parameters, description.
Supplementary information

¡ Compressed air diagram

¡ Wiring diagram WD403
¡ SE3801, description and measuring
¡ SE4212, description and measuring
¡ SE4307, description and measuring
¡ SE4309, description and measuring
¡ SE4310, description and measuring
¡ SE4311, description and measuring
¡ SE4607, description and measuring
¡ SE4608, description and measuring
¡ SE5501, description and measuring
¡ SE6403, description and measuring
¡ MA4601-MA4603, description and measuring
¡ MA4604, description and measuring

Function check
VCADS Pro operations related to ATC:

¡ 46075-3 Sensor ATC, check

Diagnostics
Detailed information about relevant error codes for included components are found in PROSIS under the tab Diagnostics.
Relevant error codes:

¡ MID249 PID380 (SE6403)

¡ MID249 PPID1409 (SE4309)
¡ MID249 PPID1410 (SE4310)
¡ MID249 PPID1205 (SE4311)
¡ MID249 PPID1411 (SE4608)
¡ MID187 PPID1083 (SE3801)
¡ MID187 PID161 (SE4212)
¡ MID187 PID191 (SE4307)
¡ MID249 PSID56 (MA4601)
¡ MID249 PSID55 (MA4602)
¡ MID249 PSID57 (MA4603)
¡ MID249 PSID58 (MA4604)
¡ MID187 PPID1411 (SE5501)
Message in the machine's message list:

¡ Check Steering Angle Sensor (SE6403)

¡ Check Diff Lock System Error (MA4604)
¡ Check ATC Air Pressure Sensor (SE4608)
¡ Check Diff Lock System Error (MA4602)