OVERVIEW

CHRONOLOGICAL TREND COMPARATIVE TRENDS

(Progressive time)
1. overview: (SIGNIFICANT 1. overview (SIGNIFICANT
CHANGE) DIFFERENCE)
INCREASE/DECREASE/RE a. Highest (A) and Highest
MAIN (B)
STAGNANT/FLUCTUATION b. Highest & Lowest (A)
2. INITIAL POINT c. Highest, Lowest (A) &
3. PROGRESS: Highest, Lowest (B)
a. OUTSTANDING GROUP [GROUPING]
b. OPPOSITE GROUP
4. FINAL POINT
5. CONCLUSION*
(OPTIONAL)

Focus on Chronological Trends [150 - 180 Words]

 1. Introduction + Overview [BIG PICTURE]
It is noticeable that __________
It is clear that _______
[increase + Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s Bakery] + [decrease + Lovely Loaves]

This is a graph that compares the profit of the three bakeries in London every year from
2000 to 2010. Overall, it is noticeable that the income of both Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s
Bakery rose gradually throughout the period while/whereas the profit of Lovely Loaves
significantly decreased.

2. Overview [FOCUS ON CONTRAST]: Increase vs Decrease + Stagnancy +

Fluctuation [DON’T MENTION ANY NUMBERS]

At a first glance/Overall/In general, it is apparent that [Bernie’s Buns + Robbie’s Bakery

= increase] WHEREAS/WHILE [Lovely Loaves = decrease]

Overall, it is noticeable that the income of both Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s Bakery rose
gradually throughout the period while/whereas the profit of Lovely Loaves significantly
decreased.

Extra Tips:

1. What if both data increased? → Which increased/decreased more

significantly?
2. What if the increase/decrease was not that apparent? → [different patterns
in different period of years → [2000 – 2010: male > female, 2010 – 2020:
female is male

PARA. 1 [INTRODUCTION + OVERVIEW]

PARA. 2 Body Paragraphs

1. INITIAL POINT → COMPARISON [MENTION THE NUMBERS]
Q: Which one was outstanding and the least outstanding in the beginning?
As can be seen from the graph/As is observed in the graph, Lovely Loaves was
the most popular bakery among the three with its profit that reached above
£80.000. This is the higher than Bernie’s Buns and Robbie’s Bakery, which made
profit of around _____ and ____ respectively.
 2. PROGRESS → MENTION THE NUMBER [COMPARE!]
A. MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGE
B. OPPOSITE CHANGE
C. ADDITIONAL DATA (BORING DATA)
[TIPS: Group the data when possible]

3. FINAL POINT → COMPARE WHAT HAPPEN IN THE END!

Eventually/Finally/In 2003,

CHRONOLOGICAL TREND
(Progressive time)
1. overview: (SIGNIFICANT CHANGE) INCREASE/DECREASE/REMAIN STAGNANT
BODY:
2. INITIAL POINT
3. PROGRESS:
c. OUTSTANDING GROUP
d. OPPOSITE GROUP
4. FINAL POINT
5. CONCLUSION* (OPTIONAL)

Overall, it is apparent that the number of cars which will be produced in China will
increase gradually ….
relatively decreased
increased gradually/gradually increased
fall significantly

VERB
Increase, grow, rise, climb, go up, shoot
up, soar, surge, skyrocket, spike
Decrease, fall, go down, decline,
plummet, drop, dip, slump, plunge,
take a nosedive
ADVERB
Drastic changes:
Significantly, considerably, sharply,
dramatically, steeply, exponentially,
markedly, drastically, enormously,
rapidly
Moderately, gradually, steadily,
slowly*, progressively, consistently,
constantly, modestly

Relatively, [tended to …]
 Remain-Stay stable/unchanged/the Slightly, marginally, mildly, minimally,
same/constant/steady, level off, reach a fractionally
plateau
Fluctuate, oscillate, wax and wane, go
up and down
Reach, stand at
Be (was, were, is, am, are)
Hit, amount to, account for, count up to

[subject + verb + adverb]

1. Experience/Suffer/face (-)/have/see/witness + (a/an) + (adjective) + (noun)

Overall, it is apparent that the proportion of cars distributed in China will
experience an UPWARD TREND
Significant, considerable, substantial, Increase, rise, growth, soar,
sharp, dramatic, steep, exponential, surge, an upward trend, a rising
marked, drastic, enormous, rapid trend, improvement, a spike
Moderate, gradual, steady, slow*, Decrease, decline, fall, drop, a
progressive, consistent, constant, downward trend, a falling trend,
modest a slump

Relatively, tended to …
Slight, marginal, mild, minimal, a stability, a steadiness,
fractional

[adjective + noun]

2. There is/There are/There will be/There WAS/WERE + (adj + noun)

Overall, it is apparent that there is a gradual increase [adjective + noun] in the
number of cars which are produced in China.

3. SUBJECT: INCREASE/DECREASE + be + adjective

Overall, a gradual increase in the number of cars produced in China will be
noticeable/observable/clear/apparent/obvious OR
seen/observed/reported/recorded.

4. MORE/FEWER/LESS/Lower/higher/larger/smaller
Overall, it is apparent that Chinese car manufacturers will produce more and
more cars in the future

More and more/Less and less money will be spent on other gooods and services,
which amounts to ______________