Explain each of the following and give two examples for each (One foreign setting.

One Philippine
setting):

1. Supernaturalism

Is a conviction in an extraterrestrial world or reality that is frequently connected to all religions in

some fashion. Primitive people live in a wonderland that is populated by spirits, deities, and sacred
force (or mana), and there is no evidence that they have either an understanding of nature or
perceive a reality that is entirely made up of natural elements.

Examples:

 The multo, a ghost-like monster, is a staple of Philippine mythology. You may go ghost-
hunting in quite a few places across the nation, but Baguio should be at the top of your
priority list.
 An angel is a supernatural figure that can be found in many faiths and cultures. Angels are
frequently portrayed in Abrahamic religions and Zoroastrianism as kind celestial beings that
serve as bridges between God or Heaven and Earth.

2. Consequentialism

It is the idea that producing the appropriate types of overall results is what morality is all about.
The term "total repercussions of an action" in this context refers to all effects, including the
action itself.

Examples:

 According to the "greatest happiness for the greatest number" norm, utilitarianism
evaluates consequences.
 Hedonism, on the other hand, asserts that a consequence is "good" if it results in pleasure
or prevents misery.

3. Emotivism

The idea that moral judgments are more like the author's or journalist's feelings than actual
declarations of fact.

Examples:

 Saying, for instance, "Murder is wrong" does not assert something as factual; rather, it
expresses condemnation of murder.
 In a similar vein, if you assert that polygamy is immoral, then according to this
interpretation, we should interpret your words as something along the lines of "Boo to
Polygamy!
4. Virtue ethics

The word "virtue ethics" is used broadly to describe moral systems that place more emphasis on
personality and moral rectitude than on accomplishing one's duties or acting in a way that will
result in positive outcomes.

Examples:

 Good example of virtue ethics has included kind employee who supports his coworkers
and a good nurse who gives the patients great care.
 A customer who makes a second trip to the counter to pay for a forgotten item.

5. Subjectivism

The notion that our ethical norms are solely based on our emotions. According to this
perspective, there is no concept of "objective" good or bad. While it is true that some individuals
identify as homosexual or heterosexual, it is untrue that one is better than the other.

Examples:

 It is unquestionably accurate when someone who approves of lying claims that "telling
falsehoods is good."
 The claim that slavery is not always morally wrong is an illustration of moral subjectivism.
Instead, this viewpoint is only held by modern prejudices, and earlier societies' use of
slavery was not always immoral.

6. Intuitionism

A branch of cognitivism that contends that one can instantly determine whether moral claims
are true or incorrect using a sort of logical intuition.

Examples:

 For instance, we might intuitively know that everyone deserves respect and that it is
unacceptable to willfully harm an innocent citizen without justification.
 Moral intuitions are modeled on a priori, non-empirically based suppositions of facts,
such as basic premises in mathematics, under the rationalism interpretation of moral
intuitionism. Consider the notion that two less one equals one.

7. Duty-based ethics

According to duty-based ethics, persons have a responsibility to act in accordance with what is
correct or wrong based on the kinds of objects they possess, whatever the positive or negative
outcomes that may result. Regardless of the results, some actions can be considered right or
wrong in and of itself.
Examples:

 Killing innocent people is unethical.

 Stealing is wrong.

8. Situation ethics

According to situation ethics, ethical choices must be made in the framework of a scenario in its
entirety and all its ethical components must be considered.

Examples:

 For instance, if one believes that abortion is inherently evil, they will never permit it,
regardless of the facts surrounding the pregnancy.
 A suitable illustration would be to execute a mass murderer in order to execute
hundreds of victims, for instance, if they were being held hostage.