

DESIGN OF CONVENTIONAL FUNCTION HALL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

J.KARTHIK

421115103307

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

CIVIL ENGINEERING

IFET COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VILLUPURAM

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

OCT/NOV 2018
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “DESIGN OF CONVENTIONAL FUNCTION

HALL” is the bonafide work of J. KARTHIK (421115103307) who carried out the

project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mrs.L.SOUNDARI. ME., Mr.V.JAYAKUMAR. M .Tech,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, SENIOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG,

I.F.E.T College Of Engineering, I.F.E.T College Of Engineering,

Villupuram – 605 108. Villupuram – 605 108.

Submitted for Project Work and Viva Voce Examination held on .....................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my immense gratitude with pleasure to those individuals who have

either directly contributed to my needs at time for the development and success of the
work.

I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to our management IFET

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for providing the infrastructure facilities required
to complete my project work.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to our beloved principal

Dr.MAHENDRAN, M.E., Ph.D., for extending the facilities available within the
college campus.

I extremely thankful to our respected head of the department

Mrs.L.SOUNDARI, M.E., and my project guide Mr.V.JAYAKUMAR, M. Tech,
their incitement and enthusiasm to make my project work wonderful and successful
one.

I thank our project incharge Mr.V.JAYAKUMAR, M.Tech, for

encouragement right from the commencement of this project work.

I thank all the staff members in our department for their cooperation they have
rendered to me and the sustained interests shown at every stage of my endeavour in
making project work a success.

Finally, I express heartfelt gratitude to my parents for their sacrifice and support
throughout the period of my study.
ABSTRACT
Now a days there are many functions are being organized in party halls. It is a multi
purpose hall in which all traditional functions and also corporate events can be hosted.
In this we have function area, place for kids to play and good dining area. So we have
planned and designed the construction of the main building of a party hall of approved
standards to fulfill the needs of the current situation.In our project, we have aimed to
satisfy the basic requirements of a party hall by allocating the sufficient space the
entire structure was developed. The structure was then analysed and designed in stadd
pro. The mathematical model is done using staad.pro v8i and the analysis results are
used for design .The design is done in compliance with IS 456-2000 using M20
concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

This party hall is located at KARAYANCHAVADI and the total area is 7874.78sq
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

The following symbols carrying the meaning noted against then which are used
in the project work

A : Area

: Area of Steel reinforcement

Ast

: Total cross sectional Area of Stirrups

Asv

B : breadth of Beam, Slab

D : overall depth of Beam, Slab

d : Effective depth of Beam, Slab

fy : Characteristics strength of Steel

: Characteristics strength of Concrete

fck

L : Effective Length of Beam, Slab

lx : Effective Length of Slab along Shorter span

ly : Effective Length of Slab along Longer spanτ

P : Axial Load

αx & αy : Coefficients

Mx : Moments on strip of unit width spanning lx

My : Moments on strip of unit width spanning ly

: Minimum Reinforcement
Ast(min)

Mu : Moment

Vu : Ultimate shear
τv : Nominal Shear stress

Pt : Percentage Tension Reinforcement

τv : Shear Stress in Concrete

Sv : Spacing of the stirrups

: Design Moment about xx-axis

Mux

: Design Moment about yy-axis

Muy

: Effective span length of Beam

Leff

: Limiting Moment of resistance

Mu(lim)

Pu : Design axial load for limit state design

Ag : Gross area of Cross section

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

1. GENERAL

2. STUDY AREA

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3. METHODOLOGY

1. GENERAL

2. LIMIT STATE DESIGN

3. PARTIAL SAFETY FACTOR

4. DESIGN FLOW CHART

 3.5 SOFTWARE USED

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. PLANNING

2. CADD DRAWINGS

3. STADD PRO ANALYSIS REPORT

4. SRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

1. CALCULATION OF LOADS

2. DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

3. DESIGN OF BEAM

4. DESIGN OF COLUMN

5. DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

6. DESIGN OF LINTEL

7. DESIGN OF FOOTING

5. CONCLUSION

6. REFERENCE
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1GENERAL

Party hall is a place where functions can be organized. Now a days there are many
functions are being organized in party halls. It is a multi purpose hall in which all
traditional functions and also corporate events can be hosted. In this we have function
area, place for kids to play and good dining area.So we have planned and designed the
construction of the main building of a party hall of approved standards to fulfill the
needs of the current situation.

In our project, we have aimed to satisfy the basic requirements of a party hall by
allocating the sufficient space the entire structure was developed . The resultand
building should be aesthetically pleasing and reflect the care taken to produce a
quality facility capable of meeting the evolving needs of the party hall. Good
acoustic separation is essential and is achieved through careful planning and
specification of construction materials.

1.2. STUDY AREA

The site is located in karayanchavadi, near poonamallee.

*The distance from Chennai international airport is 17 Km

*The distance from local railway station is 8Km

*The main shopping area is 2Km away

1
 CHAPTER 2

2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Indian traditions are so rich and our emotional standards sare so

high that most of the ceremonies/ functions become simply monument of show-
off and extravagance.Party halls are within the reach of almost very strata of
people.moreover, the style of functioning of these banquet halls suits every
Indian as well as foreigners. This is, thus, becoming a means for bringing
people together and closer. This business truly deserves all supports. A party
hall is like a boon to those who donot have the required facilities available to
celebrate certain ceremonies/ functions. It is economical and more favourable
that five star hotels and at the same time requires quite a moderate sum to
set up the business. The growing popularity of the system is a credential in
itself that the future of this industry is quite bright. So there is a good future
for existing as
well as new entrepreneurs. Even an ordinary man spends so luxubirantly on the
marriages and other functions that it becomes a burden on him for the whole
life. But, crux of this evil is to be found out before lamenting on what hell is
going on by way of marriage and parties of high standards. The moneyed
people actually spends so extravagantly on these occasions that lower strata of
people start feeling sort of nothingness if they don’t perform their functions
almost with the same pomp and show. In the bankruptcy and similar other
brunts on the remaining

life of the average or low strata of people who happen to perform such personal
functions. An average man in the rising price conditions is even otherwise very
much troubled. These extraordinary events break the very backbones of normal
families whenever these occasions are celebrated. Party hall is the place where
all traditional and other parties can be organized. It is a small scale hall when
compared to marriage hall. In party halls generally 200 to 300 members can be
accommodated.
 CHAPTER – 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1. GENERAL

Various methods are available for the design of a structure. Limit

state method is adopted in this project. In this method, the structure shall be
designed to withstand safely all loads liable to act on it throughout its life, it
shall also satisfy the serviceability requirements, such as limitations on
deflections and cracking.

2. LIMIT STATE DESIGN

The acceptable limit for safety and serviceability requirement

before failures occur is called limit state. The aim of design is to achieve
acceptable probabilities that the structure will not become unfit for use. All
relevant Limit State shall be considered in the design to ensure adequate
degree of safety and serviceability.

3. PARTIAL SAFETY FACTOR

The value of loads which has a 95% probability of a structure of

structural member for the limit state of collapse the following value of partial
safety factor is applied for limit state collapse. Ɣm=1.5 for concrete .

CODE BOOKS REFERRED:

 IS-456:2000 DESIGN CODE FOR RCC STRUCTURES

 BIS -1987 CODE FOR STUDY OF LOADS

 SP 16 CODE FOR COLUMN DESIGN (graphs)

 3.4 DESIGN FLOW CHART:

DESIGN OF PARTY HALL

CALCULATION OF LOADS

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE & LINTEL

2DIMENSIONAL-PLAN AUTO CADD

DESIGN OF SLAB
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS STADD PRO V8i

DESIGN OF BEAM
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

DESIGN OF COLUMN
`
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING AUTO CAD

DESIGN OF FOOTING

PROJECT REPORT

3.5 SOFTWARE USED

The changeover from traditional method to computer aided design has come to
stay as an important, fast and dependable method of designing. The building
drawing is prepared by using software like AUTOCAD and completely
analysed by “STADD PRO V81”. Powerful computer programs STADD are
available in market for analysis. STADD may be utilized for analysis
and designing practically all kind of structures bridges, towers,
transportation, industries and utility services.
 CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. PLANNING
GROUND FLOOR
When we design a party hall the main thing
to be noticed is parking area
because parking is the main problem in many areas. So in our design
ground floor is fully designed for parking. The areaof
parking is 731sqm.
FIRST FLOOR

First floor consist of party hall in which 240 members can be accomadated
and a separate dressing room and store room. The area of party hall is
371.94sqm.

SECOND FLOOR

The second floor consists of a dining area and kids play area. The area
of dining place is 371.94sqm.

2. CADD DRAWINGS
4.3 STADD ANALYSIS REPORT
4.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

This chapter deals with the design of structural elements (i.e. slab, beam,
column, staircase, lintel and footing)
1. Calculation of loads

For Truss and slab, load calculations are based on IS 875 part II.
This load calculations includes dead load, live load and wind load. Calculation
of loads for designing slab includes dead load and live load.

2. SLAB

A slab is thin flexural member used in floors and roofs of the structure to
support imposed loads.

Slabs are primary member of a structure which support the imposed load
directly on them and transfer the and safely to the supporting elements such
as beam, columns etc therefore ,a slab should be safe and stable against the
applied loads and should have the required strength and stiffness to satisfy the
serviceability requirements.

The two main factors to be considered while designing a solid slab are

*strength of the slab against failure, shear, twit etc

*stiffness against deflection

In this project the design of slabs are carried out in limit state method. The
grade of concrete and steel used in the project are M20 and Fe415 respectively.

Design steps for RCC slab

Step 1: Determination of type of slab by using side ratio.

Step 2: Calculation for depth of slab and load acting on the

slab. Step 3: Calculation for bending moments and shear force.

Step 4: Check for depth.

Step 5: Calculation for area of reinforcement in both the

direction. Step 6: Check for shear.

Step 7: Check for deflection.

Step 8: Slab detailing

TWO WAY SLAB

A slab is called two way slab, when the load on it is distributed in both
the directions to all its four supports. In two way slabs, tension reinforcement
are provided in both the direction.

DESIGN OF TWO

WAY SLAB GIVEN

WASH ROOM SLAB

OF SIZE =3m*3m

* Width of support =
*0.3m
Live load =5kN/m2
* Floor finish =1kN/m2

* fck =20N/m2
* fy =415N/m2

CALCULATION
* assume overall depth=200mm

* with clear cover of 20mm

* clear span+effective depth=3.18m

* center center supports= 3.3m

* hence length =3.18m

TYPE OF SLAB

ly=3.18;lx=3.18

therefore ly/lx = 1

and four sides of slab are supported on

beam hence it is a two slab

LOAD CALCULATION
* Self wt of slab=5kN/m2

* Floor finish
=1kN/m2

* Live load
=5kN/m2

* Total load
*Ultimate
=11kN/mload
2 = 1.5*total load

*Ultimate load = 16.5kN/m2

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

Mu = alpha(x) * Wu *lx2 (as per IS 456-2000)

= 0.062*16.5*3.182
Mux & Muy =10.34KNm

Vu =WuL/2

= 26.24KN

CHECK FOR DEPTH

Mulim=0.36 Xu max/d [1-0.42*Xu max/d]

bd2fck Mulim = 111.75 kNm.

Since Mu < Mulim

So it is designed as under reinforced

section. Mu=0.36 Xu max/d [1-0.42*Xu

10.34*10^6
max/d] bd2 =0.36 *0.48 [1-0.42*0.48] bd2 for Fe415( Xumax/d =0.48)

d= 54.75mm < 180mm

Hence safe

MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Mu=0.87fy* Ast *d [1-Ast*fy/fck*b*d]

10.34*10^6 =0.87*415*Ast*180 [1 -Ast*415/25*1000*180]

Ast=162 mm2
Provide 10mm diameter bars

Ast p=78.54mm2
Spacing = 200mm c/c in both the direction Distributors

Ast min=0.12%bd= 216mm2

Provide 8mm dia bars at 200mm c/c spacimg

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

τv =Vu/bd= 26.4*103/1000*180=0.146N/mm2

p=100Ast/bd=100*162/1000*180=0.09

τc=0.29N/mm2, τcmax=3.1N/mm2

τcmax>τc > τv

Hence shear stress are within the permissible

limit

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL

span/d =BV*Kt*Kc*Kv

Kt=1.6
Kc=1
Kv=1
d=93.75mm < 180mm

#10-200mm c/c

200

mm
 #10-200mm c/c

Span = 3.2m

#10mm dia rod-200mm c/c

#10mm dia rod-

200mm c/c

4.4.3 BEAM

A statically determinate beam, bending (sagging) under a uniformly distributed

load

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to

the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending . The loads

applied to the beam result in resultant forces at the beam's support points.

The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to product shear

forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal

stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by

their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), length, and their

material.

Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering

structural elements, but any structures such as automotive automobile frames,
aircraft components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural
systems
contain beam structures that are designed to carry lateral loads are analyzed in
a similar fashion.

The breadth of the beam should be sufficient to accommodate the

reinforcement bars in the desired number of rows at the required depth.
Generally the breadth of the beam is kept as 1/3 to 2/3 of it depth. The depth of
the beam is to designed to satisfy the strength and stiffness requirements.

In this project the design of beams are carried out in limit state method. The
grade of concrete and steel used in the project are M20 and Fe415
respectively.

Design steps for beam

Step 1: From STAADPRO analysis size of beam, bending moment and

shear force at mid span and corners are taken.

Step 2: Calculation for percentage of reinforcement is to be provided for

mid span.

Step 3: Calculation for area of reinforcement in mid span and decide number
and diameter of bars to be provided.

Step 4: Step 2&3 is carried out for corner bending moment

also. Step 5: Check for shear.

Step 6: Check for deflection.

DESIGN OF BEAM

BEAM NO. 185 ( as per is 456:2000 - L.S.M.)

Length = 2770mm
 Breadth = 300mm

Depth = 450mm

Effective cover = 25mm

Live load = 5 kN/m

Using M20 grade concrete and fe415 grade

steel.

DESIGN:

CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH:

fck = 20

N/mm2 fy = 415

N/mm2

EFFECTIVE SPAN:

i) clear span + effective depth = 2770 + 425 = 3195mm

ii)centre to centre distance between two supports = 2770 + 230 = 3000mm

Considering the lesser value, so the effective span 3000mm.

SELF WEIGHT OF THE BEAM:

self weight = b x D x unit weight of

concrete

=0.3x0.45x25

self weight = 3.375KN/m

LOAD CALCULATION:
 Total load=self weight of beam + live load + finishes + dead load(SW of
slab)

taking finishes load = 0.75 KN/m

LL on the slab= 5x3=15KN/m

self wgt of
slab=0.2x3x25=15KN/m

= 3.375+15+0.75+15

total load, W

=34.125KN/m factored load

= F.O.S x W

= 1.5 x 34.125

Wu = 51.19 KN/m
MOMENT CALCULATION:

Loads are acting as uniformly distributed load

Mu.lim. = 0.36.(xu.max/d) [ 1 - 0.42 (xu.max/d) ] b.d2.fck

Mu = 51.19 x 32 / 8

Mu = 57.59 KNm

Vu =Wul/2=76.79KN

CHECK FOR DIMENSIONS:

b =
300mm

d =
450mm
 l = 6000mm

i) Breath to depth ratio:

b/d = 300 / 450 =

0.66

It is in range (range between 0.5 to 0.67)

ii) Span to depth ratio:

span / depth = l / d

=
3000
/ 500

=6>
Hence it is ok.
2.5

iii) Check for effective depth and type of section:

Section type,

For M25 & fe415 (xu.max/d = 0.48) - as per is 456:2000

Mu.lim. = 0.36.(xu.max/d) [ 1 - 0.42 (xu.max/d) ] b.d2.fck

= 0.36 x 0.48 [ 1 - 0.42 x 0.48 ] 300 x 4252 x 25

Mu.lim. = 186.9 KNm

Mu < Mu.lim.

Hence it is under reinforcement section.

DEPTH CHECK:

Mu.lim. = 0.36.(Xu.max/d) [ 1 - 0.42 (Xu.max/d) ] b.d2.fck

d = 235mm < 475mm

 Hence safe.

AREA OF STEEL AND REINFORCEMENT DETAILING:

Mu = 0.87.fy.Ast.d [ 1 - ((Ast.fy) / (fck.b.d)) ]

57.59x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 425[1-(Ast x 415)/(25 x 300 x

415)) ]

Ast = 396mm2

Providing 16mm dia. Bars

No. Of bars =
Therefore,
Ast / astproviding
= 1.96 (3 3nos.)
nos. Of 16mm dia. Bars Ast pro. = 603 mm2

Ast min. = 0.85.b.d / fy

= 0.85 x 300 x 425 / 415

Ast min. = 261.14 mm2

Ast pro > Ast min

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

τv =Vu/bd= 0.602N/mm2

P=100Ast/bd=0.473N/mm2

τc =0.291N/mm2

τc max=3.1N/mm2

τv > τc, hence provide

nominal shear
reinforcement

vus = vu - τ c.b.d

= 76.79x103 - (0.291
x 300 x 425)
vus = 39.69 KN sv = (0.87.fy.asv.d) / vus

sv = 388.62mm

provide 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stiruups at 300mm c/c

spacing

8mm dia 2 legged stirrups@300mm c/c spacing

#2 no 8mm dia bars

160

mm

#3 nos 16mm dia bars

2770mm

300mm

2 nos of 8mm dia rod

450mm
3 nos of 16mm dia

4.4.4 COLUMN

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a

structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the
structure above to
other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression
member.

The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the
column) with a capital and a base or pedestal which is made of stone, or
appearing to be so.

A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a
rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers. For the purpose
of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral
forces.

Columns are frequently used to support bemas or arches on which the upper
parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a
structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features.

All compression member must be designed for minimum eccentricity. when the
load does not exceed 0.005 times the lateral dimension, the load is assumed to
be axial.

The unsupported length of the “l” of a compression member shall be taken as

the clear distance between end strains. The effective length of column in
framed structures may be obtained from the ratio of effective length to
unsupported length. In this project the design of colums are carried out in limit
state method. The grade of concrete and steel used in the project are
M20 and Fe415 respectively.

DESIGN OF COLUMN-BIAXIAL BUILDING

COLUMN NO: 60

length (or) height = 4000mm

cross section = 400mm x 500mm

cover = 40mm

from stadd pro analysis ( corner column subjected to biaxial

bending) Pu = 1862 KN

Mx = 64 KNm

My = 51 KNm

interaction
ratio = 0.28

taking dI /D =
0.1

EQUIVALENT MOMENT

Mu = 1.15√(Muy2 + Muz2)

= 1.15 √(642 + 512)

Mu = 94 KNm

NON DIMENSIONAL PARAMETER

pu / (fck.b.d2) = 1862x103 / (25x400x500) = 0.3724

Mu / (fck.b.d2) = 94x106 / (25x 400 x 5002) = 0.0376

p / fck = 0.036 (from SP.16)

p = 0.05 x 25

P = 1.25
AREA OF STEEL

Ast = (p.b.D) / 100

Ast = 2500mm2

providing 25mm dia. Bars,

ast=491mm2

provide 6 no of bars

Ast pro = 2940mm2

Mux / (fck.b.d2) = 0.16

Mux1 = 0.0376 x 25 x
400 x 5002

Mux1 = 95 KNm

Puz = (0.45.fck.Ac) +
(0.75.Ast.fy)

= (0.45 x 25 x 400 x
500) + (0.75 x 2940 x
415)

= 3165KN

Pu / Pux = 1862 / 3165

Pu / Puz = 0.58 (from IS 456:2000)

CHECK FOR SAFETY UNDER BIAXIAL BENDING
αn = 1.63

[ Mux / Mux1 ] αn + [ My / Mux1 ] αn < 1

[ 64 / 95 ]1.63 + [ 51 / 95 ]1.63 < 1

0.88 < 1
hence safe.

LATERAL TIES

tie diamension = 0.25d

= 0.25 x 25

= 6.25mm

provide 8mm dia. as tie bars

pitch:

(i)Tie spacing = 16 x 25 = 400mm

(ii)least lateral dimensions=400mm

(iii)300mm

Providing 8mm dia tie bars with

spacing of 300mm c/c.

500

8mm dia lateral ties @300mm c/c

400

6nos of 25mm dia

rod

4.4.5 STAIRCASE
“A Stair is a series of steps with or without landings or platforms, which is
installed between two or more floors of a building to bridge a large vertical
distance”.

In this project the design of stair case are carried out in limit state method. The
grade of concrete and steel used in the project are M20 and Fe415 respectively.

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Floor to floor height=

4m Size= 3mx4.5m

LL= 3.5KN/m

DIMENSIONS

Rise= 150mm, tread= 300mm

Height of each flight= 4/2=

2m

No of risers= 2000/150=
13.33= 14

No of treads= 14-1= 13

Width of stair= 1.3m

Width of the landing= 1.3m

Length of going= 13x300= 3900mm

Eff span= 2.2+1.30+(0.23/2)= 3.62m

Thickness of waist slab= 3620/20=

181mm

Provide eff depth of 210mm

D= 210+20= 230mm
LOAD CALCULATION

(i)DL on waist slab:

W’=0.22*25=5.5KN/m

W=w’√
((R2+T2)/T)=7.38KN/m

DL of one step=
0.25*0.15*0.3*25=0.5
625KN/m

=0.5625/0.3=1.875KN/m

(ii)LL=3.5KN/m

(iv)Finis

hes=0.75KN/m TL=

13.51KN/m

Factored
load=20.27KN/m

Bending

moment

Mu=Wul2/8=33.19KN/m

Check for depth

REINFORCEMENT
Mu=0.36Xumax/d(1-0.42Xumax/d)fckbd
(i)main steel: 2

d=98.1mm>dpro
Mu=0.87*fy*Astd(1-Astfy/bdfck)

=454mm2
Provide 10mm dia bars

ast=78.54mm2

Sv=173mm

Provide 10mm dia bars at 160mm c/c

spacing (ii)distributors:

Ast=0.12%bd=276mm2

Provide 8mm dia bars

ast=50.29mm2

Sv=182mm

Provide 8mm dia

bars at 180mm c/c
spacing

230

8mm dia bars at 180mm c/c

10mm dia bars at160mm c/c

4.4.6 LINTEL (Over doors)

A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening
between two vertical supports. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a
combined ornamented structural item. It is often found
over portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. In the case of windows, the bottom
span is instead referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a
load to ensure the integrity of the wall.

Modern day lintels are made using prestressed concrete and are also referred
to as beams in beam and block slabs or ribs in rib and block slabs. These
prestressed concrete lintels and blocks are components that are packed together
and propped to form a suspended floor concrete slab.

A minimum cover may be provided for the main reinforcement bars of

lintels . The lintel shall have a bearing of atleast 150mm on walls at their ends.

In this project the design of lintel are carried out in limit state method. The
grade of concrete and steel used in the project are M20 and Fe415 respectively.

DESIGN OF LINTEL
DIMENSIONS:

dimension of door = 1200mm

*2100mm width =300mm

thickness =150mm

span =1200 + (2*150)

=1500mm

depth =150-10/2-15
=130mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self weight =0.3*0.15*1.5*25=1.69KN

load of walls =0.2*22*0.5*1.5*0.75=2.85KN

total load =4.55 KN

load per m run =4.55/1.5 = 3.03KN

Wu=1.5*3.03 = 4.55 KN

MOMENT CALCULATION

M=0.125*Wu*L2

Mu=1.28KNm

DEPTH
CHECK

Mu= 0.36.(xu.max/d) [ 1 - 0.42 (xu.max/d) ] b.d2.fck

d=42<130 mm

Hence safe
AREA OF STEEL AND REINFORCEMENT

Mu=0.87*fy*Ast*d[1- (Ast*fy/b*d*fck)]

Ast=31 mm2

Ast min = (0.85*b*d)/fy

=(0.85*300*150)/415

=79mm2

Ast pro =100.48 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR

shear force = Wul/2

=4.55*1.5/2

V=5.11KN

Tu=Vu/bd

Tu=0.11 <Tc=0.12N/ mm2

Hence ok in shear

4.4.7 FOUNDATION ( isolated footing)

A foundation is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to

the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the
ground. .Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics
and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation
elements of structures.
Isolated footing , which is provided beneath the column to distribute the loads
safely to the bed soil. This kind of footing is used to support single-columns
and when the columns are arranged relatively at long distance.

The purpose of providing foundation is to effectively support the

superstructure by

1.Transmitting the applied load effects (reaction in the form of vertical and
horizontal forces and moments) to the soil below, without exceeding the safe
bearing capacity.

2.Ensuring that the settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits and as
nearly uniform as possible.

In this project the design of footings are carried out in limit state method. The
grade of concrete and steel used in the project are M20 and Fe415 respectively.

Design steps for footing

Step 1: Determination of load acting on the footing from STAADPRO

analysis. Step 2: Calculation for depth of footing and size of footing.

Step 3: Calculation for bending moments and shear force.

Step 4: Check for depth.

Step 5: Calculation for area of reinforcement in both

direction. Step 6: Check for shear.

Step 7: Check for deflection.

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION ( isolated footing)

From STAADPRO V8i analysis, P = 1862KN.

 PU = 1862KN.
 Column no:60
 Size of column=400mm *500mm
 Fck = 25 N/mm2

FY = 415 N/mm2
 Bearing
capacity of soil,
STEP qu
1: = 250KN/m
SIZE OF FOOTING
2

*Total load = load of column + self weight of footing (10% of the column load)

= 1862 + 150

= 2012 KN

* area = 2012/(250)= 8.1m2

A=LB,

L=1.2B

B=2.6m, L=3.12=3.2m

STEP 2: PROPORTIONING

Area= 3.2 x 2.6 = 8.32 m2

Adopt footing of size 3.2m x 2.6m

soil pressure at base = (1862)/(3.2x 2.6)

= 223 KN/m2

Therefore, 223 KN/m2 < 250 KN/ m

STEP 3: DEPTH OF FOOTING (based on one way shear)

Assuming p=0.25% in the footing

slab For M25 grade Tc=0.36N/mm2

Vu=quxB(0.5(L-a)-d)= 877.5-650d

V actual=0.33*2600*1100-d

effective depth, d = 540 mm

overall depth, D = 610 mm

STEP 4: BENDING MOMENTS AND REINFORCEMENTS

Cantilever projection from the short side face of the column =

1.25m
column
Bending moment at short side face of
Mu=0.33*2600*1100*550=523KNm
Mu=0.87fy* Ast *d [1-Ast*fy/fck*b*d]

523*10^6= 0.7*415*Ast*540 [1-

Ast*415/2600*540*20] Ast=2825.58 mm2

Provide 18 bars of 16mm dia rods on both ways @

140mm c/c spacing

STEP 5: CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

VU = 136.675KN.

(100 Ast/bd) = 0.161

From table no 19 of IS 456-2000

KSTc = 0.29 KN/mm2

Normal shear stress = Tv = VU/bd = 136.674*10^3/(1000 x 500) = 0.27 N/mm2

Therefore, KSTc > Tv. Hence SHEAR CHECK is safe.

STEP 6: DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Ld=fs *dia/4Tbd

=0.87*415*16/4*1.6*1.2

=47(16)=750mm

Length available =1100-50=1050mm > 750

Hence ok

STEP 7: TRANSFER OF FORCE AT BASE

Pu=1862 KN

Compressive bearing resistance =0.45fck(A1/A2)

A1=A2 thereforeA1/A2 =1

Hence Compressive bearing resistance =1440KN

<1862KN
 400

400

M-20 & Fe415

All dimensions are in mm

320

540

610
#16-140 #16-140

200

2600

#16-140

#16-140

300 2000 300

CONCLUSION:

As we entering into a new era of sustainable development, the need for projects
like this and their construction and implementation can change the whole
scenario of the human society. The planning of the project was done only
after having case studies and views of different such projects and also reference
and interviews with well known civil engineers, architects and professors.
By doing such a project, we have learnt to share our ideas and incorporate
them in the project, which we hope has given the means for a good design. We
worked as a team. Not dividing the work among each, but by doing each part
of the project together itself. On the lighter side, we have even learnt to
sacrifice our personal intersects and put forth more work hours, making small
sacrifice on each of our parts.

With the upcoming of many other challenging projects. We hope this hotel
stands out and becomes a landmark for the beautiful city of Chennai.
REFERENCE;

1. IS 456-2000, INDIAN STANDARD PLAIN AND

REINFORCED CONCRETE – CODE PRACTICE

2. SP – 16 DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE.

3. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (1987) SP 34- HAND BOOK OF

CONCTRETE DESIGN AND DETAILING

4. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN DATA BOOK