PLANNING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SONIYA.J (910416103034)

VINOTHINI.R (910416103041)

MOGANAPRIYA.M (910416103309)

SIVARANJANI.R (910416103310)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

OCT 2019
 ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project on “PLANNING AND DESIGN OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING" is the bonafide work of SONIYA.J
(Register Number: 910416103034) , VINOTHINI. R ( 910416103041),
MOGANAPRIYA. M (910416103309), SIVARANJANI. R
(910416103310)”who carried out the project work under my supervision.
Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported here
in does not form part of any other this is or dissertation on the bases of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this are
any other candidate.

Head Of the Department Signature of supervisor

Dr.M.VIJAYALAKSHMI,Ph.D., Mrs.V.KANMANI,ME.,
Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Fatima Michael College of Fatima Michael College of
Engineering and technology Engineering and technology
Madurai -625 020. Madurai -625 020.

This report is submitted for the VII Semester Anna University Viva - Voce
Examination of “CE6712-Design Project” University examination held on
………………………………..

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to praise and thank our almighty without whose blessing
this work would not have been done.

We wish to express our earnest great full fullness to our beloved

chairman Ln.Dr.STALINAROCKIARAJ, for his encouragement
extended to us to complete this project work.

We thank our CEO Dr. S.BRIDJETNIRMALA , for her moral support

to undertake this project work.

We express our sincere thanks to Dr.P.NELSON RAJA,M.E.,

Ph.D.,principal of our college for giving us permission to carry out
this project

We express our sincere thanks to our beloved professor and Head

of the Department, Dr.M.VIJAYALAKSHMI, M.E.,Ph.D.,for
her enthusiastic encouragement and involvement .

We express our sense of guided to Mrs.V. KANMANI ,M.E., for her

initiative suggestions , valuable advice , and everlasting encouragement
for the progress and successful completion of the project

We extended our special thanks to our staff members and

technicians of Civil Engineering Department for their consistent
help in successful completing the project work.

Last but not least we thank our friends who enabled us to complete this
project successfully.
 ABSTRACT
This projects aims at planning, analysis and designing various structural
elements such as slab,beam, column, footing, septic tank and staircase
of residential enclave.The plan of residential enclave was drafted using
auto CAD software which can be used for area calculation and
dimensioning of the structure column positioning had been done
considering aesthetics and economical aspects of the project.STAAD PRO
software was used for software analysis. Initially the model of the structure
had been done using STAAD. Pro software. Design the beam and columns
had been done using the manual method and its also cross checked with
SAAD. Pro result. On the values of the after grouping, footing is designed
using manual methods.Detailing of the slab, beam, column, footing,
septic tank and staircase havebeen done auto CAD software based on
reinforcement results arrived. Total area of land 4310 sq ft, build up area
of land 2260 sq ft, total cost of building 83 lakhs. Designed using of limit
state method.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT 1

LIST OF ABBRIVATION 3

1 INTROUDCTION

1.1 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING 5

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 6

2 SPECIFICATION 7

3 PLANNING ASPECTS 10

4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 13

5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 14

6.1 SLAB DESIGN 19

6.2 BEAM DESIGN 24

6.3 COLUMN DESIGN 30

6.4 FOOTING DESIGN 34

6 6.5 STAIRCASE 41

6.6 SEPTIC TANK 45

7 CONCLUSION 47

8 REFERENCE 48
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

Mu = Actual bending moment

A = Area of the section
ASC = Area of compression steel
ASt(min) = Area of minimum steel
Ast = Area of tension steel
Asv = Area of vertical stirrups
Ast = Area of steel
P = Axial load
Ag = Gross area of column
Ac = Area of concrete
b = Breadth of section
BV = Basic value
M = Bending moment
Mx =Bending moment along X- axis
My = Bending moment along Y- axis
Fck = Characteristic strength of concrete
Fy = Characteristic strength of steel
αy =Bending moments co-efficient along X- axis
αx =Bending moment co- efficient along Y- axis
c/c =Centre to centre distance
d = Depth of beam or slab
τbd = Design bond stress
Pu = Design load of compression member
Vus =Design shear force
ø = Diameter of bar
Lex = Effective length about xxaxis
Ley = Effective length about yyaxis
L =Clear span
# = No of bars
le = Effective length of span
lx =Effective length of slab along shorter span
ly = Effective length of slab along longer span
Ld =Development length
Mu (limit) =Limiting bending moment
L = Length of column or beam
M.F =Modification factor
Τv = Nominal shear stress
D = Overall depth of the section
P =Percentage of steel
Vu = Shear force
Τc =Shear stress in concrete
S =Spacing of bars
Sv =Spacing of stirrups
λ =Slenderness ratio
ϒs = Shear Co- efficient along X- axiss
ϒy = Shear Co –efficient along Y- axis
Vus = Shear strength to be resisted
σst = Stress in steel
σcbc = Stress in concrete
W = Uniformlydistrubted load
Wu = Ulitimately uniformly distributed
4
 CHAPTER 1

INTROUDUCTION

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Residential building is the arrangement made by using space to

accommodate required number of persons. The place where one lives
permanently as a member of family. A place where one lives a residential. The
physical structure within which one lives such as a house or apartment.

DETAILS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

This plan is designed for high income with high luxurisity. The plan of this
residential building having four bed rooms, one dressing room , one guest room,
kitchen,living with dining hall,pooja room store room, reading room.

SPECIFICATION

The earth work excavation to be a depth of 1.5m leveling coarse in P.C.C 1:4
mix for 150mm thickness, R.C.C 1:1:5:3 ratio is proposed for column, footing
,beam, and slab.Super structure to be constructed of brick mansory in CM 1:5,
all the exposed surfaces in celling are plastered with CM 1:4 mix for 10mm
thickness, wall surface are finished with CM 1:5mix for 12mm thickness,
flooring in P.C.C 1:4 mix for 150mm thickness and top finished with marable
flooring for ventilation purpose necessary door, window to be provided with
teak wood. All wall surface white washed, innerside finished with colour
washing.Necessary provision will be made for water supply, sanitary vehicle
parking and electrical fittings, also provision made for bore well, compound
wall, vechicle parking arrangement

5
 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT IS;

• To apply the knowledge gained in the field of

structural engineering.
• To plan ,design and analysis various structural elements such as
beams, columns and slab of the residential building by manual and
using software.
• The analysis of the framed structure elements is carried out in
both manual(for slab and staircase)and software method(beams,
columns and footing).
• To draft the detailing of various structural elements such as
beams, columns ,footing and staircase.

6
 CHAPTER – 2

SPECIFICATIONS

EARTHWORK EXCAVATION IN FOOTING:

Footing trenches should be dug to the exact width of footing. Concrete

and the side should be truly vertical along the depth of footing.

FOOTING CONCRETE:

The footing will be of RCC 1:1.5:3 mix.

The plain cement concrete mix 1:4 is used for a plain surface for the
sensing of footing concrete.

DAMP PROOFING COURSE:

Damp proofing course is provided to a thickness of 20mm around the

plinth level of building using mix 1:3.

PLINTH BEAM:

Plinth beam RCC 1:1.5:3 mix 230mm×450mm size provided over the
basement all round.

BASEMENT:

The basement filled with earth to a depth of an 100mm and clear

sand to a depth of 600mm.

7
SUPER STRUCTURE:

Is to be of first class brick work in CM 1:5 to a width of 230mm for all

walls.Parapet walls of 150mm thick and 600mm height is provided all
around.

PLASTERING:

All walls including basement will be plastered smooth with CM 1:3

externally and internally 12mm thick.

ROOFING:

The roofing will be of RCC 1:1.5:3 MIX,150mm thick flat slab finished
with granite file in CM1:3,20mm thick for all rooms and marble is used for
toilets.All walls including basement will be plastered smooth with CM 1:3
externally and internally 12mm thick.

FLOORING:

The flooring will be of RCC 1:1.5:3 mix, 150mm thick flat slab
finished with granite file in CM 1:3,20mm thick for all rooms and
marble is used for toilets.

DOORS AND WINDOWS:

The doors shall be of country wood and main door of teak wood with
varnish finishing.The window and ventilation shall be glazed and country
wood framed.

8
LINTEL:

RCC links will be provided with 1:1.5:3 mix,150mm thick cut lintel.

All external opening are provided with lintels as sunshade.

STAIRCASE:

Stairs will be of RCC 1:1.5:3 mix for a rise of 150mm thick and thread of
300mm with a width of landing of 1500mm flat slab finished with granite
file in CM1:3,20mm thick for all rooms and marble is used for toilets.

WHITE WASHING AND PAINTING:

All plastered area is washed with high quality shelling with three
coats of paint is applied over a prepared surface.

WATER PIPE ONE:

Water from the overhead tank is taken to a sintex tank kept for each flats.
the pipes are used to discharge the water from the sintextanks.PVC pipes
are used for water pipe lines.

ELECTRIFICATION:

Electrical network formed with in the structure its self. ordinary plastic
tubes are used to form the network of electricity which conveys the
electrical power from the origin destination during the time of
converting its self.

SANITARY FITTING:

A separate pipe network was used for the purpose sanitation concrete
pipes are used to dispose the waste water from apartment.

9
 CHAPTER -3

PLANNING ASPECTS

FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:

Planning is the primary object, since the analysis and design are based on it.
The plan must fulfill the requirement of the building according to IS codes. The
plan also depends upon economic condition. This project deals with deals with
the “planning analysis and design of RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”.

OTHER PROVISIONS:

Necessary provision are made for water supply and sanitary

arrangements, electrification, proper ventilation etc…

NBC PROVISION:

The code contains regulations which can be immediately adopted or enacted for
use by various departments, municipal administrations and public bodies.

10
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

11
FIRST FLOOR

12
 CHAPTER - 4
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Modeling

Initially the model of the structure has been created using STAAD pro software. It

is the most popular structural engineering software product for 3D model

generation, analysis and multi – material design. It has an intuitive, user friendly

graphical user interface (GUL), visualization tools and powerful analysis and

design software product. There are two methods for building a model and

assigning the structure data using STAADpro.

Using the command file

Using the graphical model generation mode

The maximum of load values for all the floors found earlier is then applied

on the floor area in the model. Then the model is designed and analyzed using

STAAD pro software.

Pre – processing :

After creating the model frame, the support condition and materials property

were assigned. Then loads are calculated and assigned at the needed place.

13
Post – processing :

The post processing mode of STAAD pro offers facilities for on screen

visualization and verification of the analysis and design results .the pages in the

mode allow us to view displacements, forces, stresses, etc… both graphically

and numerically.

14
15
16
17
18
 DESIGN OF SLAB

Size = 5.18m×6.09 m

fck =20N/mm²

fy =415 N/mm²

lx =5.18 m , ly = 6.09 m

ly /lx = 6.09/5.18 =1.1 <2

The slab is two way slab

EFFECTIVE DEPTH

L/d =35× 0.8 =28

L/d =28

5180/d =28

d= 190 mm d’ =20mm

D= 190+ 20 =210 mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Live load = 3 KN/m²

Floor finish = 1 KN/ m²

Dead load = b× d ×25

= 1×0.19× 25

= 4.75 KN /m²
 Total load =2+1+ 5.75

= 8.75 KN/m²

Ultimate load = 1.5×8.75

= 13.125KN/m²

EFFECTIVESPAN

Distance = 5.08+0.23

= 5.31m

L+d= 5+0.19 =5.27m

Effective span = 5.27 m

TO FIND MOMENT

(refer code book IS 456; 2000 )

αx = 0.047

αy = 0.035

MX =αx w lx ²

= 0.043 ×( 13.125) ×5.27²

= 17.132KNm

MY = αY w lx²

= 0.035 ×(13.125)×5.27²

= 12.75KNm

20
MU = 0.87 FyAstd[1-Ast Fy /Fck b d)]

17.13×106 =0.87 ×415×Ast×190[1-(Ast×415)/(190×20×1000)]

Ast = 300 mm²

Assume 10mm ø

= [ast/Ast]× 1000

=[ п/4 × (10)²/300] ×(1000)

S =261.7 mm

NO OF BARS

provide 10mm dia

Ast/ast = 300/78.53 = 3.83

No of bars = 4

provide 4# of 10 mm dia

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

MU = 0.87 FyAstd[(1-Ast Fy) /(Fck b d)]

d = 190-10 = 180 mm

12.75×106 = 0.87×415×Ast×180[(1-Ast×415)/(20×1000×180)]

Ast = 201mm²

Provide 10 mm dia

21
SPACING

S = (ast/ Ast)×1000

=[(п/4×10²)/201]×1000 =300m

provide 10 mm dia of 300 mm C/C spacing

NO OF BARS

Ast\ast = 201/50.2

=4

provide 4# 10 mm dia bars

SHEAR FORCE

Vux =0.5×13.125×5.27

=34.58KN

CHECK FOR SHEAR

τV = vu/bd

=(34.58×103)/(1000×190)

=0.18

Pt% = 100 Ast/bd

=(100×300)/(1000×190)

=0.15

Refer code book table 19 (IS 456:2000)

τc= 0.18 N/mm²

K =1.02

Kτc =1.20×0.18

=0.126

0.216>0.18 ( Hence is safe )

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

23
 DESIGN OF BEAM

fck = 20N/mm²

fy =415N/mm²

Width = 250mm

Total load = 13.125KN/m

Span = 5.18m

SIZE OF BEAM:

L/d =20

5180/d =20

d =300mm

d’ = 50mm

D = 300+50 = 350mm

B =250mm (assume )

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Centre to centre distance = 5180+0.23 = 5.41 m

Centre + distance = 5180+0.3 = 5.48m

LOAD CALCULATION

Live load = 13.125KN/m

Floor finish = 1 KN/m

 Self weight of slab = b×d×25

=0.25×0.30×25

= 1.875 KN /m

Total load = 16 KN/m

Ultimate load = 24 KN/m

BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE :

MU = Wl²/8

=24×5.41²/8

=87.80KN/m

Shear force V = wl/2 = 24×5.41/2

= 64.9 KN

TYPE OF BEAM

MUlim = 0.36 Xu max/d [1-0.42 Xu max/d]

XU max/d (Refer IS 456:2000)

XU max/d =0.48

XU max =0.48×d

= 0.48×300

XU max = 144

MUlim = 0.36 ×0.48[1-0.42×0.48]

= 0.138
 MUlim = 0.138 Fck bd²

=0.138×20×250×300²

=62.1×106Nmm

ASC CALCULATION (COMPRESSION STEEL)

MU- MUlim = fscAsc [d –d’]

Fsc = 0.035 [ XU max/ XU max – d’] E

=0.035 [144/144-50]2×105

= 460N/mm²

Fsc = 0.87 fy

=0.87×415

=361N/mm²

87.8×106 -62.1×106 =361 Asc [300-50]

Asc = 300mm2

Provide 16 mm ø bar

No of bars

provide 16 mm dia bars

= Ast/ast

= 300/п/4×16²

= 2 bars
 provide 2# 16 mm dia bars

AST CALCULATI ON ( TENSION STEEL)

Ast = Asc ×fsc/0.87fy

= 300×361/0.87×415

Ast =300mm²

Xu/d = 0.87 fyAst/ 0.36 fck

Xu max ×0.36×fck×b×D =0.87×fy×Ast×d

(144×0.36×20×250×350) / (0.87×415×300) = Ast

Ast = 837.55mm²

SPACING

provide 16 mm dia bars

S = ( ast/Ast)×1000

=(п/4×16²/837.55)×1000

S = 240mm

provide 16 mm dia bars 240 mm C/C spacing

NO OF BARS

= Ast /ast

= 837.55/п/4 ×16²

= 4 bars

Provide 4# 16mm ø bar

CHECK FOR SHEAR

τv =vU/bd

=(64.9×103)/(250×300)

= 0.86 N/mm²

τc = 100 Ast /bd

= (100×837.55)/(250×300)

= 1.11N/mm²

τv>τc

provide 8mm ø 2 legged stirrups

VUS = 0.87 fy ASV d/SV

ASV = 2×п/4×d²

=2×п/4×8² = 100.5mm²

VUS = VU –τcbd

=(64.9×103)–(1.11×250×300)

=18350 N

SV =0.87 fy ASV d/VUS

=(0.87 ×415 ×100.5× 300) /(18350)

SV = 593.2mm

SV>0.75d
 593.2 = 0.75×300

593.2>225mm

Provide 8mmø 2 legged stirrups@ the spacing of 550 mm near the support.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

29
 DESIGN OF COLUMN

Load= 1000 KN

Fy = 415 N/mm2

Fck = 20N/mm2

Pu = 1.5×1000 = 15

SIZE OF COLUMN :

Pu= 0.4 fck Ac +0.6 fyAsc

Ac =Ag- Asc

Asc =2% of Ag

Asc =2/100 ×Ag

Asc =0.02Ag

Ac = Ag -0.02 Ag

Ac =0.98Ag

1500×103=[(0.4×20 ×0.98Ag) +(0.67×415×0.02Ag )]

Ag = 111.940×103

SIZE

A =B×D

B= 1.5D

Provide 25mm dia = π×252/4

 No of bars =2071/491=4bars ( A=1.5D×D )

A= 1.5D2

D =√A/1.5

= √111.940×103/1.5

D=280mm

B= 1.5×280=420mm

AREA OF STEEL (ASC ) :

Pu=0.4 fck ×Ac+0.6×fy×Asc

1500×103 =(0.4×20×(280×420-Asc)+(0.67×415×Asc)

Asc =2071mm2

Ascmin= 0.8%Ag =0.8/100 ×280×420

Asc min = 940mm2

Asc max =6%

Ag =6/100×280×420 = 7056mm2

Asc min ˂Asc max

NUMBER OF BARS [use 25mm ø]

Number of bars = Asc/ast

Ast = п/4×25²

= 490mm²

Number of bars = 2071/490

 = 4 bars.

provide 4# of 25 mm dia

DIAMETERS & PITCH

Lateral diameter

1/4dia bars = 1/4×25 =6.25=8mm

Pitch :

I. LLD =350mm
II. 16×dia =16×25 =400mm
III. 300mm

Spacing

S = B -2Clear cover –ø/2-ø/2/2

= 420 -2×40 -25/2-25/2 /2

150mm Provide 25mm ø bars 150mm c/c spacing

32
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN COLUMN
`

33
 FOOTING DESIGN

RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Column size = 280×420mm

SBC of soil = 150KN/m2

Fck = 20N/mm2

Fy =415 N/mm2

REQUIRED AREA

A req=( load on column + self weight) /SBC

Self weight =10%of load on column

= (10/100) ×1000 = 100KN

Areq = (1000+100)/150 = 7.33 m2

SIZE OF FOOTING

For rectangular column

A= L×B

Side ratio = Long side of column /Short side of column

= 420/280

Side ratio = 1:1.5

L=1.5B

A=1.5 B ×B

=1.5B2
 7.33 =1.5B2

B= 2.5m

L =1.5B

L = 1.5 ×1.5 = 3.75 m

Size of footing =3.75×2.5m=9.375×106

UPWARD DESIGN PRESSURE

q˳= load on column ×PSF /Areq

= (1000×1.5×103)/9.375×103

= 0.16 N

DESIGN BENDING MOMENT(MU)

Along yy axis

Muy = q˳×Area of hatched portion ×distance b/w CG &face of column

Projection length =3750-420/2 =665 mm

CG = LP/2 = 1665/2 = 832.5 mm

Muy = 0.16×1665 ×832.5×2500

Muy = 554.44 ×106Nmm

Along xx axis

Projection length =2500-280/2

=1110mm

CG = 1110/2 = 555mm

Mux = 0.16 ×1110×555×3750

 = 369×109Nmm

EFFECTIVE DEPTH &OVER ALL DEPTH

555.44×106 = 0.138 ×20×2500×d2

d = 283.46= 300mm

The depth need to be increase 2 times due to shear

d= 300×2= 600mm

D = d+ cover +dia /2

= 600+50+20/2

=660mm

TO FIND AST

Along yy axis

Muy = 0.87 ×fy×Ast× d (1-Ast ×fy /b d fck )

554.44×106 = [0.87 ×415×Ast×600]×[(1-Ast ×415)/(2500×600×20)]

Ast= 2656.8mm2

NUMBER OF BARS

provide 20mm dia bars

Ast/ast = 2656.8/(π×202/4) = 8.3=10 nos

provide 10# 20 mm dia bars

NO OF BARS

provide 20 mm dia bars

 Spacing = ast/ Ast×1000

= 314/2656.8×1000

S = 120mm

Provide 10nos of 20mm dia bars @ 120mm spacing

Along xx axis

Mux =[0.87×fy×Ast× d] ×[(1-Ast ×415)/(b×d×fck)]

359×106 = [0.87 ×415×Ast×600]×[(1-Ast×415) /(3750×600×20)]

Ast = 1730m2

No of bars

provide 20 mm dia bars

= Ast/ast = 1730/314

= 6bars

provide 20 mm dia bars

Spacing =(ast/Ast)×1000

= ( 314/1730)×1000

= 180mm

Provide 6nos of 20mm dia bars @ 180mm c/c

37
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR @D FROM FACE OF COLUMN

Along y axis

Vu= q˳×Area of hatched portion

= 0.16×2500×1065

Vu= 426K N

NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS

= Vu/b d

= (4.26×103/2500)×600

= 0.28N/mm2

Permissible shear stress = 1×100×Ast/

100 ×2656.8/2500×600= 0.174

τc = 0.32N/mm²

τv< k τc

hence safe in local shear along yy direction

along xx axis

vu = q˳×hatched area

=0.16×3750×510

vu = 306×106 N

38
NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS

τv = vu/bd = 306×106/3750×150

=0.16N/mm2

Permissible shear stress k τc

= Pt = 100 Ast/bd

= 100×1730/3750×510

= 0.09

TWO WAY SHEAR

@ d/2 around face of column vu = q˳×hatched area

= 0.16 × [3750× 2500]-[1020× 880]

vu = 1.35×106N

τv = vu/bd =(1.35×106)/(2500×600 )

= 0.9N/mm²

Ks 0.5+ßc

ßc = Short side column/long side column

= 0.67

Ks = 0.5+0.67 = 1.17

Ks τc = 1.12 ×1.17 = 1.31N/mm²

Hence safe in two way shear .

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN FOOTING

40
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

No. of tread × tread

14×300= Size of room = 5.18×6.09m

Height of floor = 4m

Width of wall = 0.23m

Rise =0.5m

Tread = 0.30m

Fck = 20 N/mm²

Fy = 415N/mm²

ARRANGEMENT OF STAIRCASE

Height of each flight = height of floor/2 = 4/2 =2m

No .of rise required = height of each

flight/rise =2/0.15=14

No. of steps = 15

No. of tread = 15-1 = 14

SPACING OF TREAD

4200mm

Width of landing = 1.5m

41
EFFECTIVE SPAN

=(0.23/2)+1.5+3.5+3.5+(0.23/2)=8.73m

over all depth = span/20 = 437mm

CONSIDER

Effective depth,d-20 =417m

LOAD CALCULATION

DEAD LOAD

= (Ws √T² +√R ²)/T

Ws = b×D×25 = 10.925 KN/m

Dead load = 10.925×(√0.10² +√0.25²)/ 0.25 =11.77 KN/m²

WEIGHT OF STEPS

=(1/2) ×R×T×25

= (1/2)×0.10×25 =0.31KN/m

LOAD

Per(m)= 0.31/0.25 =1.24 KN/m

IMPOSED LOAD

= 0.31/0.25 =1.24KN/m

42
FLOOR FINISH

=1KN/m

TOTAL LOAD

= (11.77+1.24+5+1)= 19.01KN/m

BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE

Maximum working moment = 0.125 w l²

= 0.125×19×8.73²

=181KN-m

Ultimate bending moment = 1.5×181 =271.5KN-m

Maximum shear force = 0.5wl = 0.5×19×8.73 = 82.94 KN

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 fyAstd[1-(fyAst)/(fckbd)]

271.5×106 = 0.87 Ast×415×Ast×417×[1-(415× Ast)/(20×1000×417)]

Ast =2002mm²

MAIN BAR

No. of. Bars = 2002/(п/4)×10²

=18 bars

Provide 12mm ø bar @ 160mm c/c spacing

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DISTRIBUTION BAR

=0.12%×b × D

=(0.12/100)×1000×437

=524.2 mm²

provide 18# 12mm ø bar,use 8mm ø bar

SPACING

provide 8 mm dia

S =[(п/4) × 8²/524.4] × 1000

=95.85mm = 100mm

Provide 8mm ø bar @ 100mm c/c spacing.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

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 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

No of persons=25 (assume)

Water usage = 25×165 liter/capita

80% of water waste per day

Waste water = 80/100×25×165

= 3300 lit

Volume of water supply = 3.3m3

Sludge / capita = 30 lit (assume)

=30× 25 =750 lit

Volume of sludge =0.75m3

Volume = 3.3+0.75 = 4.05m3

V = L× B ×D Assume

4.05 = 3B×B×D (L =2B) (D = 1.2m)

4.05 =3B2×1.2

3B2 = 3.375

B = 1.1m

L =3 ×B = 3×1.1

L=3.3m

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REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN SEPTIC TANK

46
 CONCLUSION

STAAD PRO has the capability to calculate the reinforcement needed for any
concrete section .the program contains a number of parameters , which are
designed as per IS 456:2000.Beams are designed for flexure, maximum sagging
and hogging moments are calculated for all active load cases at each of mentioned
section for inadequate rectangular sections instead of singly reinforced section
doubly reinforced sections is tried.

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 REFERENCES

Indian standard code of practice for design loads for building and structures (IS
875: 1978 part – 1, part – 2).

Indian standard plain and reinforced concrete code practice IS 456: 2000.

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