LEARNING MODULE IN PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

SUBJECT RUBEE B. BEJERANO

TEACHER
WEEK 3-4 , 2ND January 5-13,2022
SEMESTER
TOPIC STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. Understand and explain in his own words what personal development is.
2. Relate the concept of personal development in his own experiences as
LEARNING
adolescent
OBJECTIVES
3. Express his spiritual and religious belief and how these influence his
personal development
MODULE CONTENT
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (Papalia and Feldman)
a. Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans
throughout the lifespan.
1. Physical Development
b. Physical development also involves brain development, which not only enables childhood
motor coordination but also greater coordination between emotions and planning in adulthood,
as our brains are not done developing in infancy or childhood. Physical development also
includes puberty, sexual health, fertility, menopause, changes in our senses, and primary versus
secondary aging. Healthy habits with nutrition and exercise are also important at every age and
stage across the lifespan.
2. Cognitive Development
Cognitive development includes mental processes, thinking, learning, and understanding, and it
doesn’t stop in childhood. Adolescents develop the ability to think logically about the abstract world
(and may like to debate matters with adults as they exercise their new cognitive skills). Moral reasoning
develops further, as does practical intelligence—wisdom may develop with experience over time.
Memory abilities and different forms of intelligence tend to change with age. Brain development and
the brain’s ability to change and compensate for losses is significant to cognitive functions across the
lifespan, too.
3. Psychosocial Development
 Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, self-esteem, and relationships. Peers
become more important for adolescents, who are exploring new roles and forming their own identities.
Dating, romance, cohabitation, marriage, having children, and finding work or a career are all parts of
the transition into adulthood. Psychosocial development continues across adulthood with similar (and
some different) developmental issues of family, friends, parenting, romance, divorce, remarriage,
blended families, caregiving for elders, becoming grandparents and great grandparents, retirement, new
careers, coping with losses, and death and dying.
Human Development is influenced by:
 Heredity
 Environment
 Maturation

Personal Development or Personality Development

Personality Development is the development of the systematic emotional and behavioral changes that reflects
the individuality of a person.

Personal Development deals with needs and issues within an individual that are sensitive and very
personal to him/her. There cannot be a right or a wrong answer or assessment to them because they are
based on the individual and the cultural values and beliefs that we grew upon.

STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which
are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages . 

Oral Stage (Birth to 1 year)

In the first stage of psychosexual development, the libido is centered in a baby's mouth. During the oral stages,
the baby gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id
demands. Which at this stage in life are oral, or mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.

Freud said oral stimulation could lead to an oral fixation in later life. We see oral personalities all around us
such as smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers. Oral personalities engage in such oral
behaviors, particularly when under stress.

Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)

During the anal stage of psychosexual development, the libido becomes focused on the anus, and the child
derives great pleasure from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person and that their wishes
can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world (i.e., their ego has developed).
Freud believed that this type of conflict tends to come to a head in potty training, in which adults impose
restrictions on when and where the child can defecate. The nature of this first conflict with authority can
determine the child's future relationship with all forms of authority.

Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)

The phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, spanning the ages of three to six years,
wherein the infant's libido (desire) centers upon their genitalia as the erogenous zone.
The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic
attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy, and fear which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the
Electra complex (in girls).

Latency Stage (6 years to puberty)

The latency stage is the forth stage of psychosexual development, spanning the period of six years to puberty.
During this stage the libido is dormant and no further psychosexual development takes place (latent means
hidden).
Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during the latent stage, and sexual energy can be
sublimated towards school work, hobbies, and friendships.
Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and play
becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.

Genital Stage (puberty to adult)

The genital stage is the last stage of Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development, and begins in
puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in
a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in our 20's.
Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure, rather than self-pleasure like during the phallic stage.
For Freud, the proper outlet of the sexual instinct in adults was through heterosexual intercourse. Fixation and
conflict may prevent this with the consequence that sexual perversions may develop.

ASSESSMENT
A. PRE-ASSESSMENT: List down the characteristics or features which you inherit from your
parents/ relatives.
B. Prepare for a short quiz about Freud’s Psychosexual Theory.

ASSIGNMENT
What is Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?