Muscular System

And Joint Movement

HSC 1013
CLO 7: Explain the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system 20% (Weeks 13 – 15)
7.1 Outline the functions of the musculoskeletal system.
7.2 Classify bones according to shape.
7.3 Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons and names the bones for each.
7.4 Classify joints according to structure and movement.
7.5 Describe the general features of a synovial joint.
7.6 Illustrate the movements possible at a synovial joint to include the following terms:
adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, supination, pronation, rotation, circumduction,
inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction, dorsiflexion, hyperextension.
7.7 Identify major muscle groups of the human body to include hamstring, deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps,
triceps, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gastrocnemius, quadriceps femoris, adductor muscles,
abdominals
7.8 Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fibre to include myofibril and sarcomere.

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Three Types of Muscular Tissue

(c) Visceral smooth muscle

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 Three Types of Muscular Tissue
• Skeletal muscle tissue
• Voluntary control
• Attached to the skeleton
• Produce movement by pulling on bones
• Cardiac muscle tissue
• Involuntary
• Found in the wall of the heart
• Pumps blood to circulate in vessels
• Smooth muscle tissue
• Involuntary
• Wall of the gut, blood vessels, bladder and cavities in the body
• Peristalsis movement

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 Skeletal muscle

• Functions of skeletal muscle

• Movement: attaches to bones to provide movement.
• Heat and Energy: produces heat and energy for the body.
• Posture: maintains posture.
• Protection: protects internal organs together with the skeleton.
 Skeletal muscle
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A skeletal muscle attaches to bone at two
or more places.
• The origin (the beginning of the
muscle) is the fixed point that doesn't
move during contraction.
• The insertion (the end of the muscle)
is the place on the bone that moves
during the action .
 Major muscle groups of the human body
*
• Hamstring
• Three muscles run down the back
of the lower limb, from thigh to
knee .
1. biceps femoris
2. semitendinosus
3. semimembranosus
• Helps to bend knees and extend
hip.

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 Deltoid Names of different skeletal muscles
• Shoulder
*
muscle-
forming the
rounded
contour of the
human
shoulder.

Prevention of subluxation or even dislocation of the head of

the humerus particularly when carrying a load.
 Pectoralis major Muscle *

• “Pectoral muscle" or "chest muscle is the

largest and most superficial muscle in the
chest .
• Primary functions are flexion, adduction, and
internal rotation of the humerus.

*
*

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 Biceps
• The biceps is a large muscle situated on the
front of the upper arm between the shoulder and
the elbow. (meaning "two-headed muscle of the
arm") *

• The muscle's primary function is to flex the elbow

and rotate the forearm.

Bicep

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 Triceps muscle
*
• Triceps muscle (muscle with three heads), or
points of origin, particularly the large extensor
along the back of the upper arm in humans.
• The main function of the triceps is the Bicep
extension of the elbow joint.

Tricep

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 Gluteus maximus
• The gluteus maximus muscle is located in
the buttocks and is regarded as one of the
strongest muscles in the human body.
• The main functions of the gluteus maximus
muscle are the extension and external
rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.

&

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 Gluteus Medius
• Located on the side of
the hip.
• Helps to support, to flex
and internally rotate the
hip.

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 Gastrocnemius *

• A superficial two-headed
muscle that is in the
back part of the lower leg
of humans.

• Its function is plantar • Calf

flexing the foot at the muscle
ankle joint and flexing
the leg at the knee joint.

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 Quadriceps Femoris
*
• Large fleshy muscle group covering the front and
sides of the thigh “four-headed muscle”.
• These muscles extend the legs at the knee and
are important for standing, walking, and almost
all activities involving the legs.

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 Adductor muscles

The adductor
muscles of the
hip are a group
of muscles
mostly used for
bringing the
thighs together
(called
*
adduction).
 Abdominals
Pack
six
the

*
 Abdominals
• Four main abdominal muscle groups that combine to
completely cover the internal organs:
• External obliques
• Internal obliques
• transversus abdominis
• rectus abdominis.
• The abdominal muscles support the trunk, allow movement
and hold organs in place by regulating internal abdominal
pressure.

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 Skeletal Muscle Structure
• Skeletal muscle is wrapped in a sheath of dense, irregular
connective tissue called the epimysium .
• The Epimysium allows a muscle to contract and move
powerfully and protects the muscle from friction against other
muscles and bones. fascicles
• Inside each skeletal muscle,
a group of muscle fibers organized *
into bundles, called fascicles.
• Each Fascicle contains between 10 to100 muscle
fibers.

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 Skeletal Muscle Structure
• Each muscle fiber is formed from a chain
of multinucleated muscle cells contains
cylindrical organelles known as Myofibrils.

muscle fiber

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 Skeletal Muscle Structure
• Myofibril is very fine contractile fiber, they extend in parallel
columns along the length of striated muscle fibers.
• Each myofibril is composed of numerous sarcomeres.
• Sarcomere: is the functional contractile region of the muscle
fiber.
• Each sarcomere is a complex of proteins (myosin and actin)
which operates to contract the muscle. Composed of thick
and thin filaments.

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 Skeletal Muscle Structure
• The thick filaments are composed of
myosin and the thin filaments are
predominantly actin.
• Muscular contraction is caused by the
interaction between actin and myosin as
they temporarily bind to each other and
are released.

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