C.

Mengisi dengan menggunakan jenis kata-kata sains:

1. Minerals serve in two general capacities: in part they are nutrients used as structural
components of cells, and in part they are growth factors used in reaction control. In some cases,
the same mineral contributes to both functions. For example, magnesium is both a structural
component (in chlorophyll) and a controlling agent (in respiratory and other reactions).

development growth mechanism components substances

functions evolve serve prevention nutrients

2. The main constituents of blood plasma is water. Its source is food and metabolic water
excreted by cells into the body fluids. The supply of body water from these sources is carefully
counter-balanced by controlled loss of water via the excretory system. Within narrow limits,
therefore, the total water content of the body, hence also the blood volume, remains constant.
Blood water is the transport vehicle for all other plasma components and blood cells. Each of the
plasma substances serves one or more. For example, inorganic ions and blood proteins of all
kind aid in maintaining a constant blood pH (normally 7.3) and a constant osmotic pressure.
Some of blood proteins also function in blood clotting, and others serve as defensive antibodies
which destroy infecting bacteria or render them harmless.

defensive counter-balanced vehicle system

excreted substances constituents constant

3. Three general categories of rearrangement of atoms during chemical reactions may be

distinguished: synthesis, decomposition, and exchange. Apart from belonging to one of the
reactions types just described, any chemical process follows certain laws of energetics. A first
law of thermodynamics, also called the law of conservation of energy, states that, in any process,
the of all energy changes must be zero. Expressed differently, energy can be neither created or
destroyed. The first law therefore implies that energy can only be redestributed, changed in
form, or both. A second law of thermodynamics states that, if left to itself, any system tends
toward a state of greatest stability. The phrase “greatest stability” here also means “most
random”, “most probable”, or “at least ordered”.

energy thermodynamics process decomposition system

rearrangement law synthesis implies stability
4. A clone is a group of organisms that have been produced from a single parent by vegetative
reproduction. Unless mutations occur during the development lof such cells, the resulting
organisms of a clone are genetically identical to each other and to the original parent. The nuclei
of all body cells of an organism are genetically identical to the zygote that produced them, and
the gene of such nuclei theoretically should be able to direct development of a whole organism.

zygote identical vegetative

gene clone development