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Vol. p –ISSN : 1979 – 8091

e –ISSN : 2407 – 8999

A CASE STUDY OF SLEEP QUALITY IN YOUTH AT SMP GIKI 2 SURABAYA

Writer
Salsabila Paramitha S. Putri

Author Data
Salsabila Paramitha S. Putri: Community Nursing Science Department of Nursing Poltekkes Ministry
of Health Surabaya, Sutopo Campus, Dinoyo IX/8 Surabaya City
E-mail:ichajjenar23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A CASE STUDY OF THE SLEEP QUALITY OF ADOLESCENTS AT SMP GIKI 2
SURABAYA

Sleep is needed by each individual to maintain health status at an optimal level, but many
adolescents experience sleep disorders. This study aims to determine the quality of sleep in
adolescents. The design used is descriptive. The population taken as many as 126 students of class VII.
The research sample was 95 students of SMP GIKI 2 Surabaya who were taken by consecutive
sampling technique. The research variable was sleep quality in adolescents. The measuring instrument
used is a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive analysis in the form of frequency tables and
narration. The results showed that as many as 24 students (25%) had good sleep quality and 71
students (75%) had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality is often triggered by several things including
busy school activities, and excessive use of time to play online games. Poor sleep quality needs
attention from parents and teachers at school, through monitoring the daily activities of teenagers,
limiting playing online games at home, and counseling from schools.
Keywords :Sleep quality, Teenagers, Sleep disorders

ABSTRACK
A CASE STUDY OF SLEEP QUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS IN SMP GIKI 2 SURABAYA

Sleep is needed by each individual to maintain health status at an optimal level, but many teenagers
experience sleep disorders. This study aims to determine the quality of sleep in adolescents. The design
used is descriptive. The population taken as many as 126 students of class VII. The research sample
was 95 students of SMP GIKI 2 Surabaya who were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The
research variable was sleep quality in adolescents. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire.
Data analysis used descriptive analysis in the form of frequency tables and narratives. The results
showed that as many as 24 students (25%) had good sleep quality and 71 students (75%) had poor
sleep quality. Poor sleep quality is often triggered by several things, including busy school activities,
and excessive use of time to play online games.

Keywords: Sleep Quality, Adolescents, Sleep Disorders

PRELIMINARY
Lack ofSleep is a basic human need
which is included in physiological needs,
namely the primary needs that must be met
to maintain biological homeostasis and
survival in each individual. Sleep is a
condition where there is a change in the
status of consciousness, namely the
individual's perception and reaction to the
environment becomes reduced. Sleep is
very important for the ability to remember,
concentration in learning and social
adaptation. A person's cognitive, mental and
emotional stability are determined by the
duration and quality of sleep (Candra,
2016). Sleep is needed by every individual
to be able to maintain health status at an
optimal level, but many teenagers

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Vol.
experience sleep disorders (Raudhatul
Zahara, 2018).
Data in Indonesia shows that most of the
sleep quality in adolescents is less than 63%
(Umi Romayati, 2019). In 2015, Awwal
said that the prevalence of sleep disorders in
adolescents varies from 15.3% to 39.2%,
depending on the type of sleep disorder
experienced. 140 students in Jakarta get a
prevalence of sleep disorders of 62.9%, with
sleep-wake transition disorders as the most
common type of disorder (Awwal, 2015).
Sleep is influenced by several factors
such as physical illness, drugs, environment,
lifestyle, stress levels and work schedules.
Taking drugs that have certain side effects
can affect sleep. Diuretic drugs have an
effect on nocturia so that individuals often
wake up at night. Environmental factors
around noisy rooms, having bedmates who
have sleep problems and room conditions
such as temperature, light, size and bed
comfort. The habit of consuming alcohol or
caffeine makes it difficult for individuals to
sleep. In addition, individuals who have a
changing work schedule, such as changing
shifts every week will affect sleep patterns.
The state of stress experienced by
individuals affects the individual's ability to
sleep or stay asleep. Severe stress is closely
related to low hours of sleep. In addition,
severe stress is very influential and
positively associated with nightmares and
sleep complaints. Emotional stress can
cause individuals to have difficulty
sleeping, often wake up during sleep or
sleep too much, if prolonged stress can
cause poor sleep habits (Muhammad Iqbal,
2018).
The impact of poor sleep quality is a
decrease in daily activities, fatigue,
weakness, poor vital signs, difficulty
concentrating, sleepiness more often, and
decreased immunity. In addition, poor sleep
quality can also cause negative
psychological impacts such as stress,
depression, anxiety, lack of concentration,
and ineffective coping (Ni Luh, 2019).
Poor sleep quality greatly affects a
person's activity. The way to maintain good
quality sleep is to pay attention to several
factors that support sleep. For example, pay
attention to the sleeping environment, try to
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e –ISSN : 2407 – 8999
make the environment where we sleep is
comfortable and can stimulate us to fall
asleep soundly. In addition, reduce
interaction with electronic devices before
bed, because if we are still focused on
gadgets, our brains will continue to work
and stay awake so that we cannot be
stimulated to sleep (Aprinda, 2021).
Based on some of the explanations
above, the researcher feels that this research
needs to be done to determine the quality of
sleep in adolescents who are addicted to
playing online games.
The purpose of this study is to identify
the ability of parental cognitive stimulation
in adolescents
RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a descriptive research
design with a case study approach.
Descriptive research is research that seeks
to describe a symptom, event, event that is
happening now. Through descriptive
research, researchers tried to describe the
quality of sleep in adolescents at SMP GIKI
2 Surabaya.
The population in this study were all
seventh grade students at SMP GIKI 2
Surabaya as many as 126 students. To
determine the sample size in this study, the
researcher used the Slovin formula.
Researchers will take samples with age
criteria 12-15 years from the existing
population, here is the slovin formula:
N
n= 2
1+ N . ( 0.1 )
Information :
n : sample size
N : large population
126
n=
1+126. ( 0.05 )2
126
n=
1.315
n=95
It can be said that the sample to be used
is 95.
The sampling process in this study is to
use the technique ofconsecutive
sampling.Sastroasmoro & Ismail in 2014,
consecutive sampling is a sampling
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technique in which all subjects who come first. The researcher will apply for a permit
and meet the selection criteria are included to carry out research from the Head of the
in the study until the required number of DIII Nursing Study Program, Sutopo
subjects is met. Surabaya and will be addressed to the
The variable in this study was sleep Principal of the GIKI 2 Junior High School
quality in adolescents. Surabaya. The researcher will approach,
The criteria for the results in this study are: make a time contract and ask for approval
1. Value <10 = good from the GIKI 2 Surabaya Junior High
2. Value 10= bad School Principal to fill out an informed
By using a questionnaire and an consent form by signing if the researcher is
ordinal scale allowed to conduct research at GIKI
This research will be conducted at SMP Surabaya Junior High School. Data
GIK 2 Surabaya. Before taking data, collection will be carried out in December
researchers will take care of permission 2021 – January 2022.
RESEARCH RESULT
TABLE 1
Frequency DistributionCharacteristics by Gender of Class VII Adolescents at SMP GIKI 2
Surabaya, February 2022

Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Man 34 35
Woman 61 65
Amount 95 100

TABLE 2
Frequency DistributionCharacteristics Based on Age of Teenagers Class VII at SMP GIKI 2
Surabaya, February 2022

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

12 years old 2 2
13 years old 34 36
14 years 37 39
15 years 22 23
Amount 95 100

TABLE 3
Distribution of Sleep Quality in Adolescents, Especially Grade VII Students at SMP GIKI
2 Surabaya, February 2022

Sleep Quality in Class VII Frequency Percentage (%)

Adolescents
Well 24 25
Bad 71 75
Amount 95 100

The results of research conducted on

95 respondents in February 2022 regarding
Sleep Quality in Adolescents at SMP GIKI
2 Surabaya, it was found that as many as
71 students (75%) experienced poor sleep
quality. This study is in line with research
by Raudhatul Zahara (2018) that poor sleep

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Vol.
quality is experienced by many teenagers
at SMP GIKI 2 Surabaya, where the
normal hours that should be used by
teenagers to rest, are switched by teenagers
to do other activities.
Most of the seventh grade students of
SMP GIKI 2 Surabaya said that it was
difficult to start sleeping before 9 pm and
often felt sleepy when doing activities in
the morning. The activity that is often
carried out by teenagers today is doing
school assignments where in this pandemic
era the government orders school children
to go to school online so that more and
more tasks must be done by teenagers at
home. Many teenagers who have poor
sleep quality use their sleep time to play
online games as a means to release their
tiredness after doing tasks (Zahara, 2018).
Poor sleep quality is often
experienced by adolescents, this is
obtained from the results of research which
states that as many as 95 students (100%)
are included in several stages of
adolescence, namely, as many as 36
students (38%) are in the early adolescence
stage (12-13 years) and as many as 59
students (62%) entered the middle
adolescence stage (14-15 years). This
research is in line with the research of
Khamin Zarkasih Putro (2017) that
according to their development period,
adolescents have many dreams and desires
that they want to realize in the future. This
is because adolescents have very high
dreams, but the abilities possessed by
adolescents are not sufficient so that
adolescents are enveloped by feelings of
restlessness. This feeling of restlessness
causes teenagers to experience sleep
disturbances and results in poor sleep
quality.
In this study, it was found that 42
students (44%) who experienced poor
sleep quality were mostly female. This
research is in line with the research of
Hafidh Awwal (2015) that most female
adolescents experience poor sleep quality.
This is because young girls spend more
time participating in many activities at
school, such as participating in
extracurricular activities. Many young girls
take part in activities outside of school
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such as academic and non-academic
tutoring. Poor sleep quality in adolescent
girls is also influenced by their pubertal
cycle, where when adolescent girls
experience menstruation, adolescent girls
often experience abdominal pain. This can
disrupt the adolescent's sleep patterns
because they will find it difficult to start
sleeping and focus on holding back the
pain they are experiencing. In addition,
young women tend to have a high
competitive spirit so that they will use their
time to continue learning in order to get
high scores.
Most of the female respondents did
several activities such as reading books,
making phone calls, watching tv, and
listening to music before going to bed. This
statement is supported by the statement of
the counseling teacher at SMP GIKI 2
Surabaya who said that there were still
many students who were sleepy and some
even fell asleep in class during the learning
process. This habit, if continuously done,
can affect the quality of sleep in
adolescents and affect their activities in the
morning. The negative impact that arises
when teenagers or students are sleep
deprived is falling asleep in class or lack of
concentration in studying. This needs to
get attention from the school, especially
class teachers or teachers, counseling
guidance and parental supervision,
especially when doing activities at home.
From the results of this study, 12
students (13%) snored while sleeping. This
research is in line with Handoyo's (2012)
research which says that a small proportion
of adolescents snore while sleeping.
However, there is a slight difference of
opinion with the study, namely where
Handoyo (2012) said that snoring is mostly
experienced by adolescents who are obese.
This is due to the narrowing of the airway
due to excessive fat accumulation so that
dysfunction occurs under the diaphragm
and in the chest wall which can compress
the lungs, interfere with ventilation efforts
during sleep and fatty tissue in the neck
and tongue reduces the diameter of the
airways which predisposes to premature
closure. When the muscle tissue relaxes
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during sleep, it causes breathing problems
and shortness of breath.
Stopping breathing during sleep will
cause the sufferer to wake up
unconsciously in sleep. As a result,
teenagers will always be in a state of lack
of sleep, even though they have slept
enough. This needs to get attention from
the school, especially counseling guidance
teachers and parents to be able to monitor
students' eating patterns and sleep patterns
that can affect students' sleep quality so
that action can be immediately given to
overcome these problems.
From the data that has been studied, it
was found that 3 students (3%) took drugs
to help them fall asleep. This study is in
line with Emi Diarti's research (2017)
which says that a small proportion of
adolescents take sleeping pills because
they find it difficult to start sleeping early.
Several types of drugs that affect sleep are
included in the type of hypnotic drugs that
must be accompanied by a doctor's
prescription. Sleeping pills taken stimulate
melatonin receptors in the area of the brain
that controls sleep and wake cycles. As a
result, teenagers can sleep after taking
sleeping pills, but taking sleeping pills for
too long can cause dependence and several
other diseases. In asthmatics, it can cause
shortness of breath. and in general
adolescents can cause health problems
such as diarrhea, dizziness, changes in
appetite and other health problems if
consumed continuously. This should get
attention from the school and parents so
that they can monitor the health of their
children and consult the habits of teenagers
who often consume drugs to health
workers to minimize the occurrence of
unwanted health problems.
From the data presented, it was found
that 8 students (8%) consumed caffeine.
This statement is in line with research by
Arum Meiranny (222) which says that a
small proportion of teenagers like to
consume foods or drinks that contain
caffeine. This is because nowadays
teenagers have many activities that require
them to stay awake and fresh. One way
that is preferred by teenagers is to consume
foods or drinks that contain caffeine, for
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example coffee. Caffeine found in coffee
can help teenagers to stay awake while
doing their daily activities. Consuming
caffeine can also cause several health
problems such as difficulty sleeping,
headaches, nausea, vomiting, and other
symptoms if consumed too much in a short
period of time.
From the results of research that has
been done, it was found that as many as 71
students (74%) did not exercise regularly.
This is not in line with Putri Sarmadani's
research (2020) which says that a small
proportion of adolescents who have poor
sleep quality do not exercise regularly.
Regular exercise can affect adolescent
sleep quality. This increase in sleep quality
occurs due to the body releasing the
hormones adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine,
and endorphins. When you exercise the
hormone serotonin will increase and make
the secretion of the hormone cortisol
decrease and cause the production of the
hormone melatonin to increase. The
hormone melatonin regulates the body's
circadian rhythm, light-dark cycle, and
sleepiness. This is what causes adolescents
who exercise regularly to have better sleep
quality than adolescents who do not
exercise regularly. This needs attention
from teachers and parents so that they can
monitor the sports activities of teenagers in
order to help maintain their body health.
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