A.

PRELIMINARIES
Maria Teresa C.Cagas
MA - HRD 1
1. OPERATIONAL
FRAMEWORK
1.1 UNDERSTANDING
BASIC TERMS
 HUMAN RESOURCES
• the personnel of a business or organization, especially when regarded as a
significant asset

• the department of a business or organization that deals with the hiring,

administration, and training of personnel
 PHILOSOPHY
• the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence,
especially when considered as an academic discipline

• a particular system of philosophical thought

"Schopenhauer’s philosophy"

• the study of the theoretical basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience.

"the philosophy of science"
 PSYCHOLOGY
• the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those
affecting behavior in a given context

• the mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group

"the psychology of Americans in the 1920s"

• the mental and emotional factors governing a situation or activity.

"the psychology of interpersonal relationships"
 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
• the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt
across the course of their lives.

• Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to
include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan
A CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
CARMELA D. ORTIGAS
• CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN POPULATION INTO FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES

• IT IS A STUDY THAT DESCRIBES THE PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES ASSISTING PEOPLE IN

MOVING FROM THE POINT WHERE THEY ARE TOWARD HIGHER EFFECTIVITY

• DESCRIBES THE PROFESSIONALS IN THE FIELD

• GIVES EMPHASIS TO HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (HRD) AND HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM)
 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(HRD)
• A dynamic process – ongoing, continuing, empowering

• Within the human being, growth is multidimensional, influencing the

cognitive, affective, physical and spiritual facets of the human person
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN POPULATION
UNDER FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES
1. The Non-Functioning

2. The Marginally Functioning

3. The Functioning

4. The Fully Functioning

5. The Highly Effective/Self-actualizing

- Reflects the dynamics
and drama of human
growth as well as the
conscious efforts to deal
with and manage
change

- Roles and functions of

HRD

FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE CONCEPTUAL & OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF HRD

 SEGMENTS
Functionality

Human resource management

and development

The HRD as Specialist as change

agent and strategic manager

The HRD specialist as person and

professional

FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE CONCEPTUAL & OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF HRD

 SEGMENT 1
Presents the entire HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
Segment 1
Functionality

• Capacity to be productive human

resources of their organizations
/communities/countries ;and
• Ability to deal with personal and FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
work-related stress
1. THE NON-FUNCTIONING
• People who have severe difficulties coping with
stress
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• conscious reality are too painful for them to bear
and frequently withdraws to their “own world” often
manifesting deviant behavior
1. THE NON-FUNCTIONING
• INSTITUTIONALIZED FOR THERAPY AND REHABILIATION

FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

1. THE NON-FUNCTIONING
• PROFESSIONALS ACTIVE IN THIS AREA ARE MEN &
WOMEN TRAINED IN THE FOLLOWING
• FIELDS OF MEDICINE
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• CLINICAL-COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY

• REHABILITATION
• SOCIAL SERVICES
1. THE NON-FUNCTIONING
• RESEARCH PROFESSIONALS FROM
• SOCIAL

• BEHAVIORAL FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

• PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES
• SOCIAL SERVICES

• CHURCH, RELIGIOUS AND CIVIC GROUPS

1. THE NON-FUNCTIONING
• THERAPY AND REHABILITATION WHICH
UTILITILIZES THE MEDICAL MODEL OF DIAGNOSIS-
PROGNOSIS-FOLLOW-UP
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• Medical Therapy

• Psychotherapy
• Counseling
• Occupational Therapy
• Health Care
• Improvement in nutrition
Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• The largest sector of the population of the
Philippines , the Urban and Rural Poor
• Rural Poor includes FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

• Peasants

• Fisher folks
• Upland and flatland farmers
• Hill, forest and tribal people
Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• The largest sector of the population of the
Philippines , the Urban and Rural Poor
• Poor – categorized as marginallyu functioning only FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
insofar as they are not yet able and/or have not
been given the opportunity to fully contribute as
productive human resources to the country
• Peasants
Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• The Urban Poor relay on
• Hawking

• Lending FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

• Peddling
• Gardening & Maintenance work
Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• Poverty Alleviation Program (PAPs)
• Designed to increase the awareness of the poor of
their social, political & economic rights of the country
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• To raise their self-esteem as human beings

• To educate then in health care, technical skills

livelihood & micro-enterprise project development
Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• Delivery of Programs
• Social Development Agencies
• Non-Government Agencies (NGOs) FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

• Government Agencies (GAs)

• Civic and School groups

Segment 1

2. THE MARGINALLY FUNCTIONING

• Professionals specializing in:
• Development Management
• Community Development
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• Social Work
• Social Psychology
• Community Psychology
• Sociology
• Social Action research
• Human Resource Development
Segment 1

3. THE FUNCTIONING
• Relatively large group of functioning people
who can be described as reasonably satisfied
with the way they cope with stress
• Adjust and adapt fairly well to life’s realities FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

• Self-propelled in the pursuit of self-actualizing

goals
• Follows a variety of self-development models
• Alert in searching for informal and formal training
and development programs

• Productive human resource

Segment 1

3. THE FUNCTIONING
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
• A new discipline that assists and empowers both
marginally functioning and the functioning FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
directly and indirectly
Segment 1

3. THE FUNCTIONING
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
• An unusually broad spectrum of strategies and
technologies from social, behavioral, FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
psychological, educational, organizational and
management sciences made available to
human resource development specialists who
work with this functioning self-propelled group
Segment 1

3. THE FUNCTIONING
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
• Professionals who were formally trained in the
field is the social, community and organizational FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
psychologist specializing in human resource
development

• Also from the disciples of the arts and humanities,

law, business, medicine, from the clergy and from
the religious congregation of both men and
women
Segment 1

3. THE FUNCTIONING
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
• Schools through their guidance offices and
student personnel services
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
Segment 1

4. THE FULLY FUNCTIONING

A relatively small group who have attained a
high level of satisfaction with regard their
multidimensional growth
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• Characteristically deeply aware of and
challenged by the ongoing process of self-
actualization

• Manifest joyfulness and aliveness of mien

• A mind and lifestyle that is not limited by

chronological age
Segment 1

4. THE FULLY FUNCTIONING

• Not immobilized by the stresses of life

• Find meaning in both the joys and pains that

FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
living brings
Segment 1

5. THE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE/SELF-

ACTUALIZING
The fully functioning people who have evolved to
the point of being highly effective
FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM
• Attitude – one of continuing openness for growth
in their own lives and passion for making life more
meaningful for others

• Their self-actualization process – manifested in a

creativity and productivity that emphasizes the
transfer to others of confidence and capability
Segment 2

THE HUMAN RESOURCE

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT FIG. 3 THE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT
Identifies the units and functions of human
resource development and human resource
management in multisectoral organizations
assisting human resources in moving from point 3
to point 5 in the human development continuum

FIG. 2 THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CONTINUUM

 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Preindustrial Period
• Job training – provided in situ through apprenticeship

Development of Industry
• Needed a large pool of trained personnel → creation of vocational schools

Late 19th Century

• Demanded better trained personnel → gave rise to earliest form of training
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Period of the Industrial revolution in the U.S.
• HRD began to gain strength and influence
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Corporate world of business and industry
• Credited with establishing human resource development and human
resource management as a systematic set of formal structure
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Philippine Setting
• Business industrial organizations replicate Western structures and systems
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• 1st unit established in HRD

structure

• Primary purpose is to
recruit, select and place
employees at all levels of
corporation
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Job descriptions and job

evaluation procedures
were created so that fair
and equitable wages and
benefits might be planned
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Established to deal with

the specific work-related
needs of the employees
and there relations with
the management
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Work force had to trained • 3 offices that traditionally

and upgraded in the skills the human resource
required by their jobs management (HRM)
responsibilities

Small Large
organization – institutions,
part of separate unit
personnel
department
 THE HUMAN SIDE OF ENTERPRISE
Late 40s
• The entry of social behavioral scientists from educational institutions in the
field of organization and scientific management

Elton Mayo (1978)

- That all organizations are made up of informal groups and that this affects the
efficiency and effectiveness of the production

- Amount and quality of attention given to employees affects their production

output
 THE HUMAN SIDE OF ENTERPRISE
Researches on HRD
• Human motivation theories

• The human side of enterprise (McGregor 1960)

• Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”

• Lewin’s “Field Theory”

• McGregor’s “theory X&Y”

• McClelland’s “Achievement Motivation theory”

 THE HUMAN SIDE OF ENTERPRISE
Researches on what motivates the Filipino worker

• Torres’s “pakikipagkapwa”

• Tinio’s “People-Places-Purpose theory

• “Lanuza’s “P-I-C-K Theory”

• Andres’s “Filipino Hierarchy of needs”

• Ouichi, Japanese, ’s “theory Z”

 THE HUMAN SIDE OF ENTERPRISE
LAW OF PERFORMANCE
HIGH PERFORMANCE = f (motivation x abilities)

Training Units → Training and Development

CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS HRD TODAY
MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT Changed to HUMAN RESOURCE
President as head DEVELOPMENT

Organizational
Development
HRM – Responsible for managing structures HRD – responsible for people development
and systems

Personnel Wages and Labor-

employee
Training and
Development Career Community
Benefits Relations
Development Relations
By calling the people “human
resources” management
recognizes that people are as
important to its goals as are
“financial resources” and
“physical resources”.

FIG. 4 ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES

GILLEY AND ENGLAND 1989

What is meant then by development of people, and what type of
development occurs within the organization?
 Represents a component of
Components of Western HRD HRD in the Philippines

Signifies a philosophical to the

professional advancement of
persons within the organization
To address the needs of the
marginalized communities

Development within the

organization directed at the
Individuals' development performance improvement

FIG. 5
GILLEY AND ENGLAND 1989
1. 3 DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(AS PERSONS AND AS MEMBERS OF
SOCIETY)
AS A PERSON
 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Physical development refers to the growth and development of body
parts to make the body have an ability to perform certain functions
for certain skills. Physical development includes the large muscle
movements as well as the small movements. It involves the changes
in the body, brain, motor skills, senses, and the wellness of an
individual. Childhood is the period when most of the physical
development takes place. When a child goes through physical
development, they gain self confidence which boosts their emotional
and social development.
 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Emotional development refers to the development of expression,
experience, understanding, and controlling of emotions. The first
emotions developed during childhood are joy, fear, sadness, and
anger. Children start developing more complex emotions such as
shame, guilt, elation, pride, surprise, empathy, and shyness when they
develop a sense of self. Emotional development allows individuals to
develop self-awareness, relationship skills, decision-making skills, and
social skills.
 MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive or mental development refers to the way individuals think,
explore, and observe the things around them. It involves the
development of knowledge, disposition, and problem-solving skills
which helps them to get a better understanding of the world around
them. Cognitive development includes brain development. The two
main theorists of cognitive development, Piaget and Vygotsky,
agreed that the acquisition of speech is responsible for the active
construction of knowledge in children. Jean Piaget is referred to as
the father of cognitive development.
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social development means the improvement of the well-being of an
individual in society in order to enable them to be aware of their
potential and enhance them. Investment in people can be termed
as social development. Social development in child development
includes their capability to organize their behavior and interact with
others. It is the process through which a child acquires the culture and
language of the community he or she is raised in.
 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Spiritual development refers to the improvement of an individual’s
well-being from within. It refers to the process of awakening of the
inner being. It refers to questioning the purpose and meaning of life
and it does not concern a person’s religious beliefs. It deals with the
concept of life, death, identity, suffering, and the like.
AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY
 SOCIETY
A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a
large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically
subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations)
between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given
society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its
constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often
exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.
 IN SOCIOLOGY
Sociologist Peter L. Berger defines society as "...a human product, and
nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts upon its
producers." According to him, society was created by humans, but this
creation turns back and creates or molds humans every day.
 IN SOCIOLOGY
Sociologist Gerhard Lenski differentiates societies based on their level of
technology, communication, and economy: (1) hunters and gatherers, (2)
simple agricultural, (3) advanced agricultural, (4) industrial, and (5) special
(e.g. fishing societies or maritime societies).
CHARACTERISTICS
 GENDER
The division of humans into male and female gender roles has been marked
culturally by a corresponding division
of norms, practices, dress, behavior, rights, duties, privileges, status,
and power. Cultural differences by gender have often been believed to
have arisen naturally out of a division of reproductive labor; the biological
fact that women give birth led to their further cultural responsibility for
nurturing and caring for children.[27] Gender roles have varied historically,
and challenges to predominant gender norms have recurred in many
societies
 KINSHIP
ll human societies organize, recognize and classify types of social
relationships based on relations between parents, children and other
descendants (consanguinity), and relations through marriage (affinity). There
is also a third type applied to godparents or adoptive children (fictive).
These culturally defined relationships are referred to as kinship. In many
societies, it is one of the most important social organizing principles and
plays a role in transmitting status and inheritance.[30] All societies have rules
of incest taboo, according to which marriage between certain kinds of kin
relations are prohibited and some also have rules of preferential marriage
with certain kin relations.
 ETHNICITY
Human ethnic groups are a social category that identifies together as a
group based on shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
These can be a common set of traditions, ancestry, language, history,
society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing
area.[32][33] Ethnicity is separate from the concept of race, which is based on
physical characteristics, although both are socially constructed.
 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
The early distribution of political power was determined by the availability
of fresh water, fertile soil, and temperate climate of different locations.[40] As
farming populations gathered in larger and denser communities,
interactions between these different groups increased. This led to the
development of governance within and between the communities.[41] As
communities got bigger the need for some form of governance increased,
as all large societies without a government have struggled to function.

Governments create laws and policies that affect the citizens that they
govern.
 TRADE AND ECONOMICS
Trade, the voluntary exchange of goods and services, is seen as a
characteristic that differentiates humans from other animals and has been
cited as a practice that gave Homo sapiens a major advantage over other
hominids.

Early human economies were more likely to be based around gift

giving instead of a bartering system.

Human study of economics is a social science that looks at how societies

distribute scarce resources among different people.
 TRADE AND ECONOMICS
Trade, the voluntary exchange of goods and services, is seen as a
characteristic that differentiates humans from other animals and has been
cited as a practice that gave Homo sapiens a major advantage over other
hominids.

Early human economies were more likely to be based around gift

giving instead of a bartering system.

Human study of economics is a social science that looks at how societies

distribute scarce resources among different people.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=4610jPr7RqQC&printsec=frontcover
&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://educationsummary.com/lesson/what-are-the-5-basic-dimensions-of-
human-development-and-give-the-importance-of-each-dimension/