AIM: TO CALCULATE COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE OF PITOT

TUBE

Pitot tube

The pitot tube is primarily a device for measuring fluid velocity. It is combination of a
total head and a static tube. It consists simply of a tube supported in the pipe with
the impact opening arranged to point directly towards the incoming fluid. This is
called the impact opening and is used to measure the stagnation pressure. The static
pressure is measured through the ordinary pressure tap.
The difference between impact pressure and static pressure represents velocity
head.
Pressure difference (H) = Velocity head = v2/2g

Hence velocity through pipe = 2gh

Pitot tube PiezometricStaticpressuretube PitotImpacttubepressure

Flow
D

Impact opening

Procedure

• Start the set up as explained in commissioning.

• Adjust rotameter flow rates in steps of 50 LPH from 60 to 600 LPH and wait for few
minutes till the steady state is reached.
• Note the pressure difference between impact pressure and static pressure.
• Close the outlet valve at the measuring tank.
• Measure the time required for collecting 1.5 lit of water in measuring tank by
stopwatch.
• Drain the measuring tank by opening the drain valve (immediately).
Observations

Sr. Rotameter Time Actual Pressure Theoretical Coeff. of Reynolds

No. Reading reqd discharge difference discharge discharge number
(Lph) for (Lph) (m) H (Lph) e
1.5
liters
(sec)
t
1 150
2 200
3 250
4 300
5 350
6 400

Calculations
Pitot tube specification:
Inlet pipe diameter (D) = 0.0185 meter
Constants:
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 m/sec
-3
Quantity of water measured (Q) = 1.5 X 10 m3.
Density of water (ρ) = 998 kg/m3
Viscosity of water (µ) = 1.00X10-3 kg/m.s
Equations used
π
1. Inlet area of the pitot tube meter: (A) = ×D2…..m2
4

V
2. Actual discharge (Qa) = …m3/sec
t

3. Theoretical fluid Velocity (u)= = 2gh m/sec

4. Theoretical discharge (QT)= A ×u …m3/sec

5. Coefficient of discharge (Cd) = Qa / QT

6. Velocity in pipe (v) = Qa /A

7.Reynolds No. = ρ.v.D/µ

Result:
AIM: TO CALIBRATE AND FIND ACCURACY OF ROTAMETER

Rotameter

Rotameter is a variable area meter. In the variable area meter, the drop in pressure
is constant and the flow rate is a function of the area of the constriction.
A rotameter consists of a tapered tube with the smallest diameter at the bottom. The
tube contains a freely moving float, which rests on a stop at the base of the tube.
When the fluid is flowing the float rises until its weight is balanced by the up thrust of
the fluid, its position then indicating the rate of flow. The area for flow is the annulus
formed between the float and the wall of the tube.
(The fig. below shows schematic details of rotameter tube and float. Use top edge of
the float to note rotameter reading)

Rotameter Outlet float stop: To prevent float from

leaving flowmeter tube at high flow

Maximum flow rate due to maxiimum annular

area is obtained at top end of tube

Edge Fluid pas s es through this annular area

Metering float

Tapered glass metering tube

Minimum flow rate due to minimum annular

area is obtained at bottom end of tube
Packing
Metering float

Inlet float stop: To prevent float from

Flow leaving flowmeter tube at no flow
Procedure

• Start the set up as explained in commissioning.

• Adjust rotameter flow rates in steps of 50 LPH from 60 to 600 LPH and wait for few minutes
till the steady state is reached.
• Close the outlet valve at the measuring tank.
• Measure the time required for collecting 1.5 lit of water in measuring tank by
stopwatch.
• Drain the measuring tank by opening the drainn valve (immediately).

Observations

Sr. no. Rotameter Time reqd. Actual Error (Lph) Accuracy

reading (Lph) for 1.5 lit discharge %
water (sec) (Lph)
1 150
2 200
3 250
4 300
5 350
6 400

Calculations
1.5 ×3600
1. Actual discharge =
Time reqd for 1.5 liter water

2. Error = Rotameter reading - Actual discharge

Error×100
3. Accuracy = Full flow of Rotameter

Result: