Narrate the Types of academic texts

Academic text can be categorized in four basic types

Descriptive The simplest form of academic writing is descriptive. Its purpose is to
provide facts or information. An example would be a summary of article or a
report of result or experiment. Its components include identification, record,
summary and definitions
Analytical: Analytical writing includes descriptive writing but we also re organize
the facts and information we describe into categories, groups, parts, types or
relationships. Its components include analyze, compare, contrast, relate and
examine. To make this writing stronger and effective spend plenty of time in
brainstorming facts, ideas, patterns, similarities and differences. This can be done
using graphs, tables, charts, flow charts etc.
Persuasive: Persuasive writing has all the features of analytical writing with the
addition of your own point of view. Point of view in academic can include an
argument, a recommendation, and interpretation of findings or evaluation of the
work of others. In persuasive writing every claim you make must be supported by
evidence.
Critical writing: has all the features of persuasive writing with the added features
of at least one other point of view. While persuasive writing requires you to have
your own point of view on an issue or topic critical writing requires you to
consider at least two point of views including your own for example you may
explain a researcher’s interpretation or argument and then evaluate the merits of
the argument or give your alternative interpretation. Examples of critical writing
assignments include a critique of a journal article or a literature review that
identifies the strengths and weaknesses of existing research.
Articles; they are means of publishing results of research development, claim,
prove, argue or imply a theory propounded in the article. Articles aim at
impacting an academic community and offer concepts and methods for others to
use.
Conference papers: are often preliminary stage of a journal article and often
edited further for journal publication and has advantage of feedback from peers.
Blog articles : They are independent of a publisher and lacks authorization of an
institution. They include journal articles and wiki articles.
Essays: They are considered as small articles sometimes like newspaper column.
It often includes arguments for a concept, standpoint or opinion. It is usually short
comprising of 1500 to 6000 words. Presents an argument through reasoning and
use of evidence.
Proposals: They are semi academic and propose a research or development
project
Report: describe process, progress and results of scientific research.
Research projects describe the idea for an investigation on a certain topic

Q Narrate the sources of academic texts

Source is the text or other work that provides the information that is being used.
Sources can be divided into three types depending on their proximity to the
subject of study. There are three major types of resources for academic texts.
1. Primary Resource
2. Secondary Resource
3. Tertiary Resource

Primary Resource
A primary source is usually a document or result that is being reported first hand.
They are original resources, not interpretations made by someone else. The
following often function as primary sources
1. Diaries
2. Interviews
3. Official documents such as census data, and legal texts
 4. Objects such as archeological findings.
5. Numeric data
6. Corpora (linguistic data in a compiled form)

Secondary Sources
Secondary sources value, discuss or comment on the primary sources or on
sources analogous to the primary source that is being analyzed. Following are
often taken as secondary sources.
Research articles
Biographies
Monographs

Tertiary Resources
A tertiary source is a source that summarizes or compiles facts and knowledge
produced by someone else. They are combination of primary and secondary
sources. They are convenient for quick access to summarized facts. Not all
sources that belong to this category are considered suitable for scholarly writing.
For instances it is often not recommended to use compiled facts instead of
original resources. These sources include
1. Textbooks
2. Study guides
3. Encyclopedias