Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
across the nation. The loss of income and employment opportunities were
"to Heal as One Act" (Republic Act No. 11469) was passed, granting the
the economic impact; testing and treatment facilities were designated in all
regions; and the prices of basic goods were regulated. Furthermore, cash
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called everyday heroes because they respond to calls for aid from their
2021).
overall purpose, they are also tasked with assisting in disaster relief and
in Republic Act. No. 7077, otherwise known as the Citizen Armed Forces
stressful and chaotic situations that may have mental health impacts.
equipment used, logistical support, and mobility. Hence, this study will be
encountered during the conduct of relief and rescue operations and the
operations.
The topics in this section include: (1) The Philippine Army (PA);
(4) A Brief Account of CMO: Its Creation, Programs and Best Practices;
and transition.
Pilipinas, is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines (AFP) which is responsible for the land or ground warfare.
10, 2021. Its main headquarters is located at Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Metro
Manila. Its historical roots can be traced back before the colonization
forces dates back before the Spanish and American colonial period. In
that time, clans and barangays from different regions form their own
during the pre‐colonial era includes Kris and Kampilan, Blowguns, and
over time.
The Forces' First Test (1521). On April 27, 1521, the Filipino land
forces were put to test. The Spaniards' arrival in the 16th century in
force was not "formally organized" as a Filipino Army during that time but
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the present‐day Philippine Army traces its beginnings to this brave and
The Fight for Freedom (1892-1898). The three century rule of the
for their freedom. The Filipino people were clamoring for reforms and an
end to the foreign rule because of the growing restiveness in the colony.
to muster freedom loving Filipinos for armed revolt. The Katipunan formed
the Katipunan and the Spanish troops, another freedom fighter from a
After years of fighting for freedom, of On June 12, 1898, the Filipino
to enjoy only a brief sense of victory and respite from combat when
superiority of American arms, the Filipinos fell from one position to another
until they were forced to disband. Even after the official cessation of
Revolution, General Miguel Malvar, on April 16, 1902 marked the official
which paved way for the birth of the new Philippine Army.
tested the might of the Commonwealth Philippine Army. Its two regular
and ten reserve divisions undertook the defense of the Philippines. These
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divisions were incorporated into the United States Armed Forces in the
Four military areas were activated after the war. The National Defense
Forces organized under the National Defense Act was reorganized into
the Armed Forces of the Philippines along which came the birth of four
major services.
to help bring peace in war‐ torn neighbor states. The Philippine Army
Korea (PEFTOK) to carry out the campaign for democracy. The Philippine
70's). On July 10, 1957, the Philippine Army established its headquarters
1972, the Martial Law era began. During the decade, military operations
saw the Philippine Army in increasing peace and development roles and in
role not only as protector of the Filipino people, but also a partner in nation
building.
National Liberation Front to take over Zamboanga City which led to three-
week fight. Twenty five government soldiers made the ultimate sacrifice in
del Sur. The Battle of Marawi was one of the largest and longest urban
warfare of the Philippine Army. One hundred sixty five government forces
lost their lives to liberate the city from conflict. The Philippine Army
National Task Force to End the Local Communist Armed Conflict. The
Army provides efficient instrument and structure for the employment of the
with the framing of the Army Transformation Roadmap 2028, which was
of members of the force to fulfil the Army's purpose to serve the nation
and secure our people and territory. With continuing and steady
successes in its strategic initiatives and base camps, the Philippine Army
is confident that it will realize its 2028 vision to be a world class Army that
Today, the functions of the Philippine Army are to: (1) organize,
train and equip Army forces for the conduct of prompt and sustained
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for the effective prosecution of national defense plans and programs and
Army on field operations; (4) train, organize and equip all Army reserve
units; and (5) Perform such functions as the higher authorities may direct.
the Philippine Army, and the Chief of Staff, Philippine Army in charge on
overall installation and combat support in the army's operations. These are
the (1) Reserve Command; (2) Training and Doctrine Command; (3) Army
(Provisional).
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major support command of the Philippine Army. It was created for the sole
No. 01 ensured that Philippines will be prepared to thwart off any invasion
or aggression of some sort by any nation, or entity and thus called upon its
National Defense Act of 1935 heralded the creation of what would be the
World War II. Reservists fought hard during the 1940s and saw
action on almost all parts of the country in World War II. Regular and
(forerunner of the Phil Air Force), the Philippine Constabulary, and the
Philippine Offshore Patrol (what would become the Phil Navy later on.)
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were incorporated with US units and rallied under the banner of the
USAFFE.
Post World War II. Post WWII saw the re-organization of the AFP
and the further need to rebuild the defense of the nation. Reserve units
were then organized to Battalion Combat Teams with the sole purpose of
pursuant to General Orders No. 250 of the Philippine Army. Army officers
were tasked to organized, train, and manage a reserve force that will
unit was shortly deactivated since the AFP at that time was undergoing
Birth of the modern reserve force. 1991 saw the birth of a new
reserve force when Republic Act 7077 (Reservists Act of 1991) was
signed into law on July 1, 1991. This new legislation directed the AFP to
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management.
again reactivated pursuant to HPA General Orders No. 392 and was later
develop, train, and organize reservists units to help enhance and sustain
the optional advanced Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC); and the
for Filipino college students (RA 9163). ROTC aims to provide military
education and training for students to mobilize them for national defense
constituted roughly 75% of the AFP officer corps.[3] The ROTC grants
reserve force, or active duty in the AFP if given the opportunity, after
graduation.
receive basic military training and officer training from the branch of
service that handles their school's ROTC unit. The students participate in
regular ROTC instruction during the school year (one school year for
Basic ROTC student-cadets and three school years for Advance ROTC
as the ROTC Summer Camp Training (RSCT) and the Advance ROTC
Defense. These ROTC units are in turn managed by active duty officers of
the Philippine Navy Reserve Command of the Philippine Navy and the
Philippine Air Force Reserve Command of the Philippine Air Force. Other
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instructors from both regular and reserve forces and is usually conducted
inside any of the Philippine Army's training camps. Guest instructors are
Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act, provides for the
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utilization of the citizen armed force of the armed forces of the philippines
and for other purposes. According to the law, the organization of each
RESCOM's units are divided into several base units, regionally into
The base units include the (1) Headquarters & Headquarters Service
defense groups are the (1) 1st Regional Community Defense Group
located at Camp Gen Servillano T Aquino, San Miguel, Tarlac City; (4) 4th
Sakay, Los Baños, Laguna; (5) 5th Regional Community Defense Group
located at Camp Gen Simeón A Ola, Legazpi City, Albay; (6) 6th Regional
Dingle, Iloilo City; (7) 7th Regional Community Defense Group located at
Camp Lapu-lapu, Cebu City; (8) 8th Regional Community Defense Group
Defense Group located at Kuta Dao, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur;
Types of Reservists
into the Reserve Force, as follows: (1) Graduates of the Reserve Officers'
Training Corps (ROTC) basic and advance courses and who were issued
reservist; the First Category Reserve, the Second Category Reserve, and
the Third Category Reserve based on age. The First Category Reserve
shall be composed of all able bodied reservists whose aged are between
eighteen (18) years and thirty five (35) years, inclusive. The Second
ages are between thirty-six (36) years and fifty one (51) years, inclusive.
Reserve Force units shall further be classified into the Ready Reserve, the
augment the regular armed force of the AFP not only in times of war or
any locality, including the need to provide assistance in relief and rescue
work and other civil assistance activities. Any reservist or citizen soldier
who will volunteer to serve with the Ready Reserve shall be allowed, if
qualified and fit for duty, to join actively participate as part of the ready
those exempted under this Act, shall be required to serve with Ready
service with said reserve units: active members of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines and Philippine National Police; those who are residing
abroad, but only during the duration of their absence from the Philippines;
those who are physically and mentally unfit to serve their tout of duty;
those who are convicted of crimes involving those who may be exempted
from duty for valid reasons which may be authorized on a case-to case
basis by appropriate and competent authority. For this purpose, the AFP
necessary.
citizen soldiers belonging mostly to the Second Category Reserve and the
their records and their present addresses, among others. The Standby
with the Ready Reserve units in their areas or if their Standby Reserve
citizen soldiers who have qualified for retirement through length of service,
old age or disability. For this purpose, sixty-five (65) years shall be
considered as the retirement age. However, if qualified and fit for duty , a
local or national emergencies if he volunteers for active duty and when the
qualified citizen soldiers with his special skill and qualifications in the
civilian qualifications.
Army (Hearn, 2013). They have specialties within the military. They
perform specific job functions and have the knowledge, skills, and abilities
(NCRRCDG) of the Army Reserve Command was created for the sole
the areas encompassing the National Capital Region. Its major task
basic and the optional advanced Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC);
(BCMT).
The NCRRCDG has several line units under its command, making
territorial based. The base units include the (1) Headquarters and
Office. On the other hand, the line units include the (1) 1301st
officers, the NCRRCDG is tasked for the conduct of training in the ROTC
and BCMT. As such, more and more reservists and volunteers join their
these reservists were tasked with assisting in disaster relief and rescue
and to see the positive impacts of their actions. They can be witness to
extremely stressful and chaotic situations that may have mental health
trained personnel, who rescue and attend to the casualties under adverse
the seriously injured to medical facilities. This activity involves the use of
professional and volunteer search teams including the use of dog teams.
setting the guidelines for the Philippine Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)
application.
victims from collapsed structures safely. Typically, these steps are used
careful planning.
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in the area. A risk analysis will help them determine the level of risk and
This is an essential part of starting a team for two reasons. First, political
leaders will want to know the risks to justify funding a team.Second, the
sponsoring organization will want to know what risks confront them, what
type of hazardous scenarios to train for, and what rescue equipment will
the sponsoring organization's objective for a team and justify the effort of
forming a team. The sponsoring organization can start this by first doing
questions:
the community?
happened today?
individuals who might become the Team Leaders of the technical rescue
experience on the planning team. First define the goals for a technical
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What are the objectives and parameters? When do they need to complete
their planning?
The committee should understand the goals and ensure that the
goals are focused. A timeframe should be given for the team to complete
a plan. At least one member of the rescue team's top management should
be a part of the committee to help give it direction and to verify that it stays
on course.
The team must comprise the core members that can be deployed
volunteer basis and their services will only be rendered upon availability.
the best and uniform methods for selecting team members is to conduct
team. Have them complete a short questionnaire about why they want to
join the team and what skills they could bring. Any person who has outside
skills in areas such as construction, rappelling, EMS, etc. will bring added
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Operations. Some organizations function without SOPs, but these are vital
consolidated into one manual, and they should be fully integrated with the
provide the framework for the personnel structure of the team while the
Theoretical Framework
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Conceptual Framework
a. Age
b. Employment status
c. Marital status
e. Frequency of volunteerism
a. Organization
b. Training
c. Equipment
d. Logistical support
e. Mobility
encountered?
pandemic?
patriotism amid this pandemic and to develop, organize, train, equip and
force as an integral component of the total army in the defense of the state
would provide cadets (trainees) with secure and comfortable conditions for
professional education).
with the changes taking place in the information society and in the military
education system.
knowledge and data for distance learning in the military education system,
learning.
educational
activity, taking into account the level of their own intellectual and military
internet connectivity in the community where cadets can easily access and
disciplines.
the study would be able to gain insights and inputs from the findings of this
Definition of Terms
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Chapter 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
the sampling technique and the actual respondents of the study, the type
tools, and the statistical treatment of data. These usual methods and
procedures give a clearer view of the study and further search out the
Research Design
Research Instruments
Data Analysis
Ethical Consideration
References
https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/how-covid-19-impacted-
vulnerable-communities-philippines
https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/symposium-report-impacts-covid-19-
pandemic-vulnerable-communities-philippines