MR.

AHMAD
FAWWAZ SALEH
TEL; 019-4189454
URBAN PLANNING
AND PRACTICES
BEA 1104
 Module Learning Outcomes and Assessment Strategy
(Indicative)
Module Learning Outcomes Teaching & Assessment
Learning
M01 Explain the principles of town Lecture,
planning in real estate Tutorial and
context. Readings Assignment &
Final
M02 Clarify statutory requirements Lecture, Examination
in town planning Tutorial and
Readings

M03 Discuss the implications of Lecture,

development plans on Tutorial and
property development Readings
 Exam / Assignment
Week Module Content (Topic)

Independent
Guided and

Learning
Practical
Tutorial
Lecture

total
Introduction to urban planning
1 4 6 1 11

2 Planning Theories and History of the Planning 4 6 1 11

3 Governance in land use planning 4 6 1 11
4 Malaysian urban planning and development
4 6 1 11
system
5 Legislative aspect in planning and development 4 6 1 11
6 The planning process 4 7 1 12
7 Development Plans 4 7 1 12
8 Development control: Zoning, Plot ratio, density,
4 7 1 12
plinth area, setback, etc.
9 Development control: Zoning, Plot ratio,
4 7 1 12
density, plinth area, setback, etc.
10 Public participation and hearing 4 7 1 12
11 Hierarchy of roads and transportation 4 7 1 12
12 Development Proposal Report 4 7 1 12
13 Development Proposal Report 4 7 1 12
14 Project Presentation 4 4 1 9
Subtotal 56 0 90 14 160
Total SLT Hours 160
Main reference/s Levy, John M. (2008). Contemporary Urban
Planning (8th Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Additional 1. Seale, C. (red.) (2012). Researching society and
references culture. 3. ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
Publications
2. Kahn, A. & Burns, C. J. (red.) (2005). Site
matters: design concepts, histories, and
strategies. New York: Routledge
3. Jordan Yin, W. Paul Farmer (2012), Urban
Planning For Dummies, For Dummies
Publication
Other additional
information Assignment – 40%
Final examination – 60%
Total – 100%
Prepared by: Fawwaz
 Learning Outcome
 Identify the terms/definition of the topics
 Understanding the concept of urban planning
What is Urban?
 A town is a community of people range from a few
hundred to several thousands, although it may be
applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas.

 Usually, a "town" is thought of as larger than a village

but smaller than a "city"
 The concept of“urban”was first defined during the
1947 census, in which villages with a population of
1,000 or more were considered urban areas (Del Tufo,
1949).
 In the 1957 census, the definition was expanded to
include municipalities, town council areas, town board
areas, local council areas, new villages, or villages with
2,000 inhabitants or more (Fell, 1960).
 During the first nationwide census (1970), gazetted
towns with a population of 10,000 or more were
considered urban areas (Department of Statistics,
Malaysia, 1977).

 However, the definition of urban areas in the 1991 and

2000 census was modified, and urban areas were
defined as gazetted areas, that along with their
adjoining built-up areas had a combined population of
10,000 or more Department of Statistics, Malaysia,
1995: 29; 2001a).
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTIC (MAS)
 What is the definition of urban areas used by the
Department?
The definition of urban is:

"Gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up areas,

which had a combined population of 10,000 or
more at the time of the Census 2010 or the special
development area that can be identified, which at
least had a population of 10,000 with at least 60 %
of population (aged 15 years and above) were
involved in non-agricultural activities."
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTIC (MAS)
 What is the definition of urban areas used by the
Department?
The definition of urban is:

“Built-up areas were contiguous to a gazetted area and

had at least 60% of their population (aged 15 years and
above) engaged in non-agricultural activities”
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTIC (MAS)
 What is the definition of urban areas used by the
Department?
The definition of urban is:

“Special development areas are areas of development

that can be identified and separated from any gazetted
area or built- up area more than 5 km and the area had
a population of at least 10,000 with 60% of the
population (aged 15 years and above) were involved in
non-agricultural”
What is Planning?
Planning
 To prepare work of schedule of work
 The making of an orderly sequence of action.
 An attempt to formulate the principle that should
guide us
 To prepare for future
What is Planning?
A set of activities
managing and decision making, organizing, leading, and
controlling
directed at an organization’s resources
Physical, human, financial, physical, and information
with the aim of achieving organizational goals
in an efficient and effective manner
Planning in urban areas

“The control of urban development by a local

government authority, from which a licence must be
obtained to build a new property or change an existing
one”
NOTE THESE CHARACTERISTICS:

Planning driven with

activity using effective and efficient
management and decision making
Efficiency
versus
Effectiveness

Efficiency: Effectiveness:
Operating in Doing the right
Successful
such a way things in the
Planning
that resources right way at
are not wasted the right times

Source: Adapted from Van Fleet, David D., Contemporary Management, Second Edition.
Copyright © 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Used with permission.
TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING
Town and Country Planning

 “Town planning is the art & science of

ordering the land uses and sitting the
buildings and communication routes so as
to secure the maximum level of economy
and convenience”
Traditional definition from Keeble, 1969
 Cullingworth & Nadin (1997) suggest:

“Land use planning is a process concerned with the

determination of land use, the broad objective of the
UK system is to regulate the development and use of
land in the public interest”
 Also an alternative definition from Clara Greed
(1993):
“Town planning performs a constructive and effective
role in enabling & encouraging development, urban
renewal and urban conservation, and aims to make
urban social problems better rather than worse”
Aims in Urban/Town
Planning
Aims of Town Planning:
To securing the sensible and acceptable blend of
conservation and exploitation of land, as the background
or stage for human activity.
 Involve the process of establishing the desires of the
community, formulating them in manner that
facilitates;-
 Comprehension and discussion
 Preparation the policy
 Regulate the degree and proportion of public and private
investment
 Guiding the provision of public services
 Initiating the necessary action
 Continuous examining the affect of policy and required
adjustment
Categories
in Planning
 CATEGORIES OF PLANNING
 The different times , people and organisation and
management of the human environment described TCP:
 Economic
 Physical
 Social
 Environment
 The degree of importance or consideration given to each
respective element largely depends upon level of planning,
whether it is national or local.
 Categories of Planning
[Economic]
 Is the science of the management of resources
 Considered to be a national and regional
approach;
 calculating and controlling, the allocation of
resources,
 Either ignoring or take into consideration physical
and social implications
 concerned with facilitating the working of the
market.
 Categories of Planning [Physical]
 Pertaining of material element
 Renewable, Reusable, Eco-frriendly
 More closely associated with the regional and
local scale;
 controlling the features,
 reconciling public and private objective
 Directed towards the spatial qualities and
relationships of development
 Categories of Planning [Social]
 Concerned with the condition of people
 Appropriately seen as the organisation of resources
to avoid problems of
 Such as poverty, discrimination
 Make a framework of national policy to coordinate
 The distribution of resources to suitable geographical
area
 The political expression of the community
 Selected industry and social groups
PURPOSE OF
PLANNING
The Purpose of Planning **

 To provide some of the features of cities

 To improve urban living and the urban environment
 The goals include;
 Better living
 Preparation for population increases
 Orderly growth C

5 1
4 M 2

3
E M
The Purpose of Planning [Cont..]
Better living;
 High rates of crime, delinquency, suicide, and mental
disorder

 People experience in cities apparently contributing

factors to these avoidably high statistics

 Planning can reduces the intensity of these conditions,

and promotes a way of the individual productiveness,
creativity, learning, and helping others to achieve these C

goals 4
5
M 2
1

3
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The Purpose of Planning [cont...]
Population increases;

 Widespread planning is necessary to cope with current

population increases, especially in its urbanized parts.

 To present a method to provide for these population

increases in sufficient time.

 In the future, it may be adequate housing, water supply,

power, transportation, and educational capacity if C
unprecedented population increases. 5 1
4 M2
3
E M
 The Purpose of Planning [cont...]
 Orderly growth;
 Lack of planning in the past has been manifested in too
little urban development, in the wrong place, too late,
and too often.

 Should be incentives to the formulation of adequate

plans of the right amount, in the right place, and the
right time.

 To plan implementation, to establish a continuous

relationship between the formulation and execution of a C

plan for urban areas that will guarantee orderly growth 5

4 M 2
1

3
E M
OBJECTIVE OF
PLANNING
The Objectives of Planning
 Environment and sociological objectives
 Livability
 Sanitation
 Safety
 Quiet
 Economic objectives
 Supply and demand
 Gainful employment
 Workable budget for needed improvement
C
 Maximum benefit from the public fund
5 1
4 M 2

3
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The Objectives of Planning
[Livability]
 An appropriate environment for a desirable place to
live

 Different age group require different facilities

 Need a various income group and a variety of cultural

requirement deserve a place in the city to satisfy those
from different cultural background
 The Objectives of Planning
[Safety]
 Basic environmental that includes safety in
 Transit and transport
 Flood and fire
 Electricity shock and similar accidents
 Assault
 The planning goals that related to safety are the
appropriate location of;
 Various type of land use
 Transmission lines
 Water reservoirs
 Flood control cannels
 The Objectives of Planning
[Sanitation]
 Essential objective of planning, include:
 Water supply, sewerage waste disposal, mosquito abatement,
radiation control.
 The urban dweller should be able to take freedom from
disease for granted in the modern urban complex.

 Appropriates capacity and location are the important part

of a comprehensive plan for an urban area or region
 Planning goals includes:
 Elimination of contaminated air, polluted water, fresh air,
clean water and inviting natural ground areas
 The Objectives of Planning
[Quiet]
 Noise in cities has increased to the nuisance
proportions, and becoming more important in
objective planning.

 The civil engineer may add to the noise in the city by

location of an airport, factory, pumping plant, or
railroad sorting yard can use his knowledge of the
origin noise to plan the quiet into the city.
 The Objectives of Planning
[Quiet]
 Lead to large
expenditures and
need a feasibility
planning on cost
The Objectives of Planning [Gainful
employment]
 The foundation of any urban growth
 Basic in industry and secondary in services
 The economic planning objective is the variety of job
opportunities.

 The degree of employment – family income, amounts

of future land uses and community facilities
 The Objectives of Planning
[Supply and demand]
 Regarding plans for the land within the city or
community and the planner should aware of the public
benefit effects of the sound general plan.

 Supply and demand for land on open market can

enhance the plan but it also can cause:
 Delay, land speculation, changes in planning and zoning
 The Objectives of Planning
[Workable Budget for Needed
Improvement]
 A general plan usually points toward a need or a
variety of public improvement.
 Real estate values make a careful investigation of
potential appreciation of the planned public
improvement may show that it will pay itself through
increases n tax revenue.
 Formulation of the plan must pass the feasibility of
establishing where the money will come from for these
improvements
The Objectives of Planning [Maximum
Benefit From Public Fund]
 To avoid waste and make optimum use of public funds.

 The inadequate facilities might have to be scrapped or

augmented.

 Facilities built beyond useful capacity will be partly

idle for years.

 Public funds are wisely used by forecasting needs for

land for public use and acquiring it before the land
values are excessive
HOW MUST TOWN BE PLAN
AND MANAGED
 HOW MUST “TOWN” BE PLAN AND MANAGED

 By understanding the condition,

structure of the areas or land.
 Assisted by a complete set of
master plan, population and
budgeting.
 By having a group of highly
skilled technical personnels with
creative mind
HOW MUST TOWN BE PLAN AND MANAGED

 By instituting a system of recording, monitoring and

reporting on the various development.

 By producing good communications with

stakeholders involve (eg; community)
 WHAT MUST BE PLAN AND MANAGED

 The COMMUNITY

 The building envelope and

surrounding

 The general building services and

facilities including civil and structural
WHAT MUST BE PLAN AND MANAGED
Infrastructure
Planning

Land Use Transportation

Planning Planning

Types in
Strategic
Urban Urban Economic
Planning Development
Planning
Regional
Planning Urban
Regeneration
Heritage &
Conservation
WHO MUST MANAGED AND MAINTAINED BUILDING?

 Personnels with URBAN PLANNING background

 Town Planner background and skills

 Developers who managed large scale of development

 Local Planning Authority

 Mayor or Politician

 Managers with sound planning and management capabilities

 Executives with good planning knowledge and sound public

relation skills
Summary
Definition

Aims & Purposes

Categories

Objectives
Summary (Con’t)
How must be planned

What Must be planned

Types of urban planning

TUTORIAL
 What is Town and Country Planning?
 What is the categories in Planning
 Discuss one (1) purpose of Planning
 Discuss in detail (1) objective of Planning
THANK YOU