Electrical Wiring

Prepared BY: Arch Janice arevalo-ocfemia

COMPONENTS OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
An electrical system is analogous to the nervous system of the
body.
It is the center of all operations in a building.
It contains a network of conductors and equipment whose main
duty is to carry, distribute and convert electrical current from
the point of generation to various destinations in the building
that require electricity to function.

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 Components of Electrical System
High Voltage
Primary Feeders
(2400,4160,7200 0r
13200 volts

Secondary Service Distribution

Conductors panels Receptacles
lighting
Transformer Main Switch
vault Board
Appliance Lighting
120/208 Panels Panels
Motor Starter
120/240 Main feeders
227/480 volts

Large
Motor Small motor
and control
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Major components of electrical system
1. WIRING – includes conductors and raceways of all types.
2. POWER HANDLING EQUIPMENT- transformers,
switchboards, panel boards, , large switches and circuit
breakers.
3. UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT- lighting, motors, controls and
wiring devices

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WIRING
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WIRING
It is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices
such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings.
There are two types of wiring
1. CONDUCTORS – are materials which allow the free flow of
electrons through them. Metals are generally have the least
resistance in the flow of electric current. Best conductors are
metals such as silver, gold and platinum. Copper is used often as
conductor.
2.INSULATORS – are materials which prevent the flow of
electrons through them. Glass, mica, rubber, porcelain and
certain synthetics such as phenolic compounds exhibit
insulating property and therefore use to insulate conductors 7
WIRING
TYPES OF CONDUCTORS
1. WIRES – are single insulated conductors such as No. 8
(AWG) or 8mm2 and smaller in sizes. The smallest permitted is
No. 14 or 2mm2
2.CABLE – are single insulated conductors No. 6 or 13.3 mm2 or
larger or they may be several assembled conductors of any
size assembled into a single unit.
3. BUS BARS – large conductors which are not circular in cross
section and usually found only to supply the main
switchboards. It is used for collecting electric power from the
incoming feeders and distributes them to the outgoing
feeders. It is a type of electrical junction in which all the
incoming and outgoing electrical current meets.
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 WIRING
CONDUCTOR SIZES
1. ENGLISH SYSTEM – has brought inconveniences to most technical
person. All conductors sizes from No. 18 (AWG1) to No.10 (AWG No.
0000, also designated 4/0) are expressed in AWG. Beyond AWG No.
4/0, a different designation, MCM (or thousand circular mil) is used. The
smallest MCM size is 250 MCM or ½” and the biggest is 500 MCM. A
Circular ML is an artificial area measurement, representing the square
of the cable diameter when the diameter is expressed in mills.
Square mil = Square inch x 0.000001
Square inch= Square mil x 1,000,000
Square mil= circular mil x 0.7854
Circular mil= square mil x 1.273
Millimeter = Inches x 25.4
Square millimetre = circular mil x 0.0005067
2. METRIC SYSTEM – wires and cable were expressed in square
millimeter or mm2.
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WIRING

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WIRING_TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES
PRODUCT PRODUCT Operating Size Range Usage
Temperature
THW oil, heat & 75°C 1.60mm to 500mm2 Building wire, wet and dry
moisture resistant solid and stranded location
thermoplastic

TF thermoplastic 60°C 0.60mm to 0.3mm2 solid Fixture wire single conductior 2

fixture wire and stranded conductor twisted or parallel 3
conductor twisted

TW oil resistant 60°C 1.60mm to 500mm2 Ordinary building wire

thermoplastic solid and stranded

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WIRING_TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES
PRODUCT PRODUCT Operating Size Range Usage
Temperature
Copper line wire #12 – 1000 MCM solid Polyethylene insulated weather
and stranded resistant wire

Aluminum line wire 75°C 12 -400 Polyethylene insulated weather

resistant wire

Bare copper wire 1.6mm – 500mm2 Bare overhead transmission

(solid) and stranded line and for ground wire.

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WIRING_TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES
PRODUCT PRODUCT Operating Size Range Usage
Temperature
Non-Metallic 1.6mm – 500mm2 NMs are assembly of 2 or more
Sheathed Cable insulated conductor having
moisture resistant, flame
retardant and non-metallic
outer sheath. NMC is corrosion
resistant.
High temperature 105°C #18 - #8 Appliance, machine, tool,
wire motor lead and switchboard
wires.

TV Antenna wire 105°C #24 - #20 300 Ohms TV wire

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WIRING_TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES
PRODUCT PRODUCT Operating Size Range Usage
Temperature
Armored Cable (Type 60°C 1.60mm to 500mm2 General purpose
AC) solid and stranded
NEC type known as
BX can be used
without raceways.
Underground Feeder Moisture resistant cable used
and Branch Circuit for underground connections
Cable (Type UF) including direct burial in the
ground as feeder or branch
circuit.
Service entrance A single or multi-conductor
cable (type SE or assembly provided with or
USE) without an overall covering
primarily used for service wire.

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WIRING_TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES
PRODUCT PRODUCT Operating Size Range Usage
Temperature
Medium Voltage Single or multi-conductor
Cable(MV) insulated cable rated at 2000 to
35000 volts. Dry or wet
locations with either
thermoplastic or thermosetting
insulation
Submersible Pump Used for submersible pumps of
cable deep well.

Royal Cord Portable cords used for light,

medium, and heavy duty power
supply to appliances, office
equipment.

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 WIRING
CONDUCTOR AMPACITY
• AMPACITY – the ability of the wire or conductor to carry
current without overheating. Conductor resistance to
current flow generate not only heat but also contribute to
the voltage drop.
• Voltage drop in wire = Circuit current x Resistance of wire
• Power loss in wire = Circuit current x voltage drop
• P = I x (I x R)
• P =I2 R
• Conductors ampacity is determined by the maximum
operating temperature that its insulation can withstand
continuously without overheating.
• The ampacity or ability of the conductor to carry load
increases as the sizes of conductor increases.

Section 3.1.2.1 Conductor size and rating shall

have sufficient ampacity to carry load. They shall
have adequate mechanical strength and shall not be
less than the rating of the branch circuit and not less
than the maximum load to be served. 16
WIRING
INSULATORS
 are rated by voltage such as 300V, 600V, 1000V to 15,000V.
 If used above its rating, it may break down causing short circuits
and arcing with the possibility of fire starting.
 Ordinary building wiring is usually rated for 300V and 600V.
Main Insulation Type
1. Unjacketed – are those which consist of a copper conductor
covered with insulation T (thermoplastic) or TW (moisture-resistant
thermoplastic)
2.Jacketed – are the THHN (heat-resistant thermoplastic) and THWN
(moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic) both of which have nylon
jacket designated as N

Short circuit is a connection on an electric circuit that allows a current to

follow an unplanned or accidental path with low resistance. Arcing is the
formation of electric arc.
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WIRING

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raceways
Open raceways
Channels or wiring accessories designed for
holding wires, cables and busbars that are
made of metal, plastic or any insulating
medium.
an enclosed conduit that forms a physical
pathway for electrical wiring.
Used in the office, residential and commercial
for easier access of installed wires.
Floor Raceways
Underfloor raceways
Cellular metal floor raceways
Cellular concrete floor raceways (precast)
Ceiling Raceways
Header ducts (wireways)
Distribution ducts (laterals)
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raceways

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Closed raceways (conduit)
Most common raceways used in all types of construction.
May be classified into metallic (steel pipes and aluminum) and non-metallic (plastics and the like).
Purpose
To provide a means for the
running wires from one point
to another.
To physically protect the
wires.
To provide a grounded
enclosure.
To protect the surroundings
against the effect of fault
wiring.
To protect the wiring system
from damage by the building
and the occupants.
To protect the building and
the occupants. 22
Closed raceways (conduit)
Purpose
To provide a means for the
running wires from one point
to another.
To physically protect the
wires.
To provide a grounded
enclosure.
To protect the surroundings
against the effect of fault
wiring.
To protect the wiring system
from damage by the building
and the occupants.
To protect the building and
the occupants.

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conduit

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Sample problem
Calculate the size of wiring and conduit per circuit using the tables for conduit
and wires. Use THHN.

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Sample problem
Calculate the size of wiring per circuit and conduit using the tables for conduit
and wires. Use THHN.
Circuit No. Loads No. of Units Rating Total Volt Ampere Wire Size Conduit
(Watts) Ampere

1 Lighting load 9 100 900 3.75 3 Nos- 2mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

2 Lighting load 10 100 1000 3.75 3 Nos- 2mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC
3 Convenience outlet 6 180 1080 4.91 3 Nos- 3.5mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

4 Convenience outlet 6 180 1080 4.91 3 Nos- 3.5mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

5 Range 1 8000 8000 33.33 3 Nos- 8.0mm2 THHN 25mm2 PVC

6 Water heater 1 2500 2500 33.33 3 Nos- 5.5mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

7 ACU 1 1840 1840 7.67 3 Nos- 5.5mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

8 ACU 1 1840 1840 7.67 3 Nos- 5.5mm2 THHN 20mm2 PVC

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Sample problem

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