DAY 10

Distinguishing between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information: Definition

Learning Objectives:
1. distinguishing between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information: definition
2. examining and using the techniques of definition

When you write an essay that emphasizes definition, your main purpose is to explain to readers your
understanding of a key term or concept, while your secondary purpose is to persuade them that your
definition is a legitimate one. Keep in mind that when you present a definition in your essay, you should
not simply repeat a word’s dictionary meaning. Instead, you should convey what a particular term means
to you through persuasive examples.

DAY 11
Distinguishing between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information:
Exemplification

Learning Objectives:
1. distinguishing between and among techniques in selecting and organizing information: exemplification
2. examining and using the techniques of exemplification

In an essay that emphasizes exemplification, you support it by illustrating it with examples. These
examples may range from facts that you have researched to personal accounts. If, for instance, you decide
to write an essay that claims capital punishment is immoral, you might cite several cases in which an
innocent person was executed. Keep in mind that your examples should connect clearly to your main
point so that readers will see the truth of your claim.

DAY 12
Distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across
discipline: Comparison

Learning Objectives:
1. distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across discipline: comparison
2. defining and explaining comparison

In an essay that emphasizes comparison, you point out how two things are alike. Seeing how these things
are alike will enable you to enliven your experiences that otherwise might remain incomplete and
disconnected. You use comparison to establish a simple similarity between two things. If, for instance,
you choose to compare two schools, you must point out and explain the similarities of the two schools.
Remember that in comparison, you can see various possibilities based on you experience which
ultimately will help you make a decision.

DAY 13
Distinguishing between and among patterns of development in
writing across discipline: cause and effect
Learning Objectives:
1. distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across discipline: cause and
effect
2. defining and explaining cause and effect as a pattern of development in writing

When you write an essay that emphasizes cause and effect, you first establish the primary cause and their
effects for you to be able to trace relationship among them. Secondly, you need to evaluate your
reasoning to determine if the causes you have intelligently seen are really related to the effects you want
to explain. As a writer, stay focused on the purpose.
DAY 14
Distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across
discipline: Problem-Solution and Persuasion

Learning Objectives:
1. distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across discipline: problem-
solution and persuasion
2. identifying and analyzing problem-solution and use the technique of persuasion

When you write an essay that emphasizes problem-solution, your main purpose is to identify the
problem in a nutshell, then explain the problem clearly and specifically. Your second purpose is to offer a
concrete solute to the problem and persuade you reader why this is the best one available. Keep in mind
that you stand by the specific causes of the problem you cited.
If you write an essay that emphasizes persuasion, your main purpose is to convince your reader to
agree or accept an idea. If, for example, you are convincing your reader to avail of an educational plan,
you concentrate on the emotional effects that the plan can bring about to the reader’s advantage.
Furthermore, convince your reader to commit himself/herself to buy the plan by using the emotional
power of the language.
DAY 15
Distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across
discipline: Process

Learning Objective
1. distinguishing between and among patterns of development in writing across discipline: process.

Chronos is a Greek word meaning time. Chronological order is a way of organizing ideas in the
order of their occurrence in time. Chronological order has all sorts of uses. We use it to tell stories, to
relate historical events, and to write biographies and autobiographies. We also use it to explain processes
and procedures. For example, we would use chronological order to explain how to take a photograph,
how to make a piece of pottery, how to perform a chemistry experiment, or how to set up an accounting
system. Such essays are called "how to" essays, or process essays.

Process analysis writing can take one of two forms:

1.  Information about how something works (informative)

2.  An explanation of how to do something (directive).

DAY 16
Explaining Critical Reading as Looking for Ways of Thinking: Content
Schemata and Reading

Learning Objectives:
1. using your prior knowledge of content by predicting, visualizing, and questioning to make meaning
out of the text
2. relating new information to your prior experience to decrease text unfamiliarity by using concept
maps and KWLH chart.
When reading, always start by activating any previous knowledge that you have about the topic/material
that you are about to comprehend. Search for possible connections by reflecting on the title, reading the
first few sentences/paragraphs. Do not insist, rather, be open to the possibility that the material might give
you a different aspect of a different information from what you already know.

Graphic organizers can be used to maximize the use of your schemata, or your past experiences and
knowledge. Graphic organizers are visual presentations of overall related concepts, which are based on
how the reader makes sense of a reading material. Through the use of this organizer, a reader can examine
his or her understanding of the text.

DAY 17
Explaining Critical Reading as Looking for Ways of Thinking: Formal Schemata, Linguistic
Schemata and Reading

Learning Objective
1. using a variety of strategies to help you effectively draw out relevant schemata when
reading.
A person’s knowledge on how text is logically organized to make it understandable to readers. Obviously,
you can manage to understand and make sense of a reading material better if you know how it was written
– its format and its structure. To do this, you must remember that texts are written in different ways. A
text can be written with emphasis on narration, description, exemplification, classification, comparison
and contrast, and so on. Another type of schemata that a successful reader needs to use is collectively
called linguistic schemata. A reader needs to efficiently decode certain features and understand how
words are organized and fit together in a sentence. Linguistic schemata include knowledge of vocabulary,
language and grammar, and idioms.

 Linguistic schema Linguistic schema includes the decoding features a person needs in order to
understand how words are organized and fit together in a sentence (be it spoken or written
discourse).
 Formal schema refers to reader’s knowledge towards the language, conventions, and rhetorical
structures of different types of text. Formal schema involves orthography, syntax, cohesion, and
text structure.