138 uency ntern

of Things(lo)and Indusustrial Internet of

INTRODUCTION
Things (lloT)
139
IOT DEVICES &EXAMPLES
ubiquitous, has
touched almost every orner
corner
of the
Today the Internet has become
We are now entering an an era
era of
of even globe 1. Amazon Echo nEcho and Google
Home Smart
and is affecting human life in
unimaginable ways.
more Echo and Google Home are some of the Home: Al voice
will De connected to the
most popular assistants like the Amazon
wide variety of appliances
pervasive connectivity where a very
devices and appliances that are
Users can talk to voice
assistants like Alexa for connected devices iin consumer loT.
almost all the
loT refers to a new kind of world where
various applications in
health care, fitness. ad. includin playing nusic, providing a weather report, help perf
performing a variety of functions
to a network. The Internet of Things finds
home automatin
educatio and more. getting sports scores, ordering an Uber
environment monitoring,
entertainment, social life, energy conservation, n, and
2 Fitb Charge 3 Wearables: The
transport systems. alaries burned, and sleepP
Fitbit Charge
3 tracks
your steps, floors climbed,
Internet of Thing (loT) is a recent technology that creates a global network of machines quality.
The device also
and emartphones through w-ti to transmit the syncs with computers and
fitness data in understandable
devices that arecapable of communicating and exchanging data with each other through the the progress. charts to monitor
Internet. There is a difference between the Internet of Things and the Internet. Internet of Thinos
can create information about the connected objects, analyze it, and make decisions. In
hings 3. Barcelona - Smart cities: The Spanish city is one of the foremost smart
other cities in the
it implemented several loT initiatives
world after
words, anyone can tell that the loT is smarter than the Internet. Security cameras, sensors that have helped enhance smart
parking
and the environment.
vehicles, buildings, and software are examples of things that can exchange data among each
other. AT&T Connected Car: AT&T the first telecom company to
4 was
open a connected car
research and innovation center.

Definitions
The Internet of Things as
simply an interaction between the physical and digital
HISTORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT
worlds. The digital worid interacts with the
physical world using a plethora of sensors Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-1D Center in 1999 at made a presentation to Procter and
and actuators. by Vermesan
Gamble (P&G) and in that he mentioned about Intemet of Things and focused to incorporate new
The Intemet of Things is defined as a technique. In fact, the MIT Professor Neil Greshenfeld's in his book namely When things Start to
paradigm in which
computing and networKing
capabilities are embedded in any kind of
conceivable object. Think' in 1999 did not used the loT but provided a clear vision of loT and its benefits. It is said that
-

by Pena-L opez loT is evolved from several technologies that is from wireless technologies, micro
I ENABLED
lectromechanical systems (MEMs), micro services and the internet. It helped in bridging the gap
OnE DE VCES
SHOP. ARPORIS. ETween Operational Technology (OT) and information technology (IT) that wil help in generating
s1ATOS

ros loT orVKES uctured machine data and analysed it for further improvements.
who
nerefore, Ashton was the first person who had
mentioned about the of things,
internet
ioT ENABLED FAC1ORES
was there since 1970s under
the
T
connecting devices
which already
ioT DEVICESs presented an idea of
INTERNET
OF THINGS
nikers embedded interne and pervasive
computing.

to the nest
level. loT is a sensor
of network of
DATACENTERS take machine-to-machine (M2M) to collect and share
wI
bilons systems and other applications
of smart devices
es that connect people, loT.
that enables
or NABLEO SHIOS
data. With the foundation M2M offers the
connectivity
AIRPLS control and data
RAINS
extension of supervisory
ot EUADLED Cns natural
t is also said of Things is
a
o1 ONABLED Internet program for
process control, to
thatat
MOMLS ABnLDUNGS
software application
quisition (SCADA) which is a category of
 igital Fluency Internet
of Things (loT) and Industrial Internet of
Things (loT) 141
140 and conditiono

time to
control
equipment
Let us tel afed into
Integratea Information Network:
from real 5. This allows to
gather data
from remote
locations

hardware
and
software
components.

with other devices and systems. communicate and exch a

SCADA systems
include
does not c o m e on its.own
its
you that
of loT
ecosystem until the
that the concept announced
ake loT
to make loT a
Also, we can't forget
of the 2010 when,
in part, the
government
of China
strategie TECHNOLOGIES OF IOT
middle

plan. A/hile tho idea of lol has been in existence for

priority in its five-year a
long time, a cllection
different of recent advances
tn a number oi technologies has made it practical
IOT-KEY FEATURES
ACcess to low-cost, low-power sensor
artificial intelligence, connectivity,
sensors 1. technology: Affordable and reliable sensors are
features of loT include active making loT technolo9y possible for more manufacturers.
The most important is given below:
of these features
A brief review
engagement, and small
device use.
2. Connectivity: A host of nefwork protocols for the internet has made it easy to connect
that means, it enhances every
anything "smart, aspect sensors to the cloud and to other "things" for efficient data transfer.
1. Al: loT essentially makes virtually
artificial intelligence algorithms and networks
collection,
of life with the power of data 3. Cloud computing platforms: The increase in the
availability of cloud platforms enables
on a much smaller
and cheaper scale while still beinn both businesses and
2. Connectivity: Networks can exist being consumers to access the infrastructure they need to scale up
between its system devices. actually having
practical. IoT creates these small
networks without to manage it
all.
3. Sensors: IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which 4 Machine learning and analytics: With advances in machine learning and analytics, along
transform loT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of with access to varied and vast amounts of data stored in the cloud, businesses can gather
real-worid integration. insights faster and more easily. The emergence of these allied technologies continues to

Active Engagement: loT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product or service push the boundaries of loT and the data produced by loT also feeds these technologies.
4
engagement 5. Conversational artificial intelligence (Al): Advances in neural networks have brought

5. Small Devices: loT exploits purpose-built smal devices to deliver its precision, scalability
natural-language processing (NLP) to loT devices such as, digital personal assistants
and versatility.
Alexa, Cortana, etc., and made them appealing, affordable and viable for home use.

ADVANTAGES OF IOT
CHARACTERISTICS OFIOT
of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of
1. Dynamic & Self Adapting: loT devices and to
n e advantages of loT span across every area
systems may have the capaoyy
dynamically adapt with the changing contexts and
take actions based ng
Some of the advantages that loT has to offer:
on their opera
conditions, user's
coext or sensed 1.
environment. Example, the surveillance O help in monitoring the overall business processes.
adapting itself based context and syst
changing conditions. 2. Or help in improving the experience of the Customer
2.
Self-Configuring: Allowing a
large number of devices certain
to work 3.
functionality. together to proviae loT save time and money.

Inter Operable Communication Protocols: 4 he

productivity of the employee will increase.

communication
infrastructure.
rotocols and can communicateSupport a number of inte roperable

with
5.
usiness decisions can be made better by lol.
with other es and also
devices 6. also be increased.
ne revenue generation can
Unique ldentity: Each loT
device has approacn their business, industries,
address). a
unique identity . lOT encourages rethink the ways they
and inique identif companies to
a unic
their strategies.
dKets and can also improve
 142
Digital Fluene ntenetofThings (loT) and Industrial
DISADVANTAGES OFIOT
internet of Things (loT)
to its
ta
out data surTounding (actuators). 143
significane unique P address These have to
Though ioT delivers an impressive set
of benefits, t
a s o presents a
significant set a so that
they can be uniquely be
easily identifiabl over identifiable devices witn
issues: 2 ssors: Processors
Processors: Processors are
are tthe a
large
challenges. Here is a list of some its major
data captured brain of the loT network.
different devices so, the potential of h
ntial of by
the sensors system. Their main function is to
1. As several information will be shared by hacker to m
from the enormous
amount ot raw
and
them process
so as to process
information will increase. data colected. extract the vailuable data
hack data or to steal confidential In a word,
iaence to the data. Processors
intelige we can
data in extreme detail mostly work on real-time say that it gives
The sophistication of loT provides substantial personal
withe
2. the controlled by applicati
ations. These are aiso basis and can be easily
user's actve participation. cefoming encrypton and decypton of data. responsible for uring the data that is securin-
otc are the ones that
Embedded hardware devices,
3. Enterprisers have to deal with millions of loT devices
and so collectng and managina r
g data process the data because
they have processors attached to it microcontroler
will be difficult task. Gateways: Gateways are responsible for
routing the
f there is any vius in the system then all the connected devices will also bec. locations for its (data) proper utilization. In other processed data and send it to proper
words, the gateway helps into and for
comupted. communication of the data. t provides network connectivity to the data.
connectivity is essential for any loT Network
5. As, there is international standard of compatibility for loT, it is difficult for system to communicate. LAN, WAN, PAN,
no devices from examples of network gateways. etc are
different manufacturers to communicate with each other.
4. Applications: Applications form another end of an loT
system. Applications are essential
for proper utilization of all the data collected. These
cioud-based
BUILDING BLOCKS DIAGRAM OF IOT applications which are
responsible for rendering the effective meaning to the data collected. Applications are
Fourthings form
basic building blocks controlled by users and are a delivery point of particular services.
of the loT system-sensors, processors, gateways Examples of applications
applications. Each of these nodes has to have its own characteristics in order to form an usefu are home automation apps,
security systems, industrial controi hub, etc.
loT system.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OFIOT

Applications
Thing User interface
oT Devce
Choud

Gateways

Processors
Anaiytics
Gateway
Sensors Devices and sensors are the
Smart devices and sensors Device connectivity:
These smart
sensors are continuously
Figure 1: Simplified block layer.
diagram of the basic co
Onents of the device connectivity information to the next layer. Most of
1. Sensors: These form the ffront end of building blocks of the lo and transmit the info

the loT collecting data from the environment

to low power
wireless networks
the system. Their main devices. These are the so-
o-called "Things" devices and
sensors can
be connected
wireless technologies
urpose is to collect data dem smart
LoRAWAN etc.
Each of these
from its ndings (sensors) or give
surrounding vF, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Z-wave,
 Digital Flueney ternet of Things (loT)
m t e n
and
Industrial Internet of Things (lioT)
144
data
transier
rate and overall efficiency
overall ef 145

nas its own pros and

cons in terms of power,
The ARCHITECTURE OF 1OT
common sensors are:
"he Internet
of Th Things (loT) integrates all
sensors and
thermostats
digital
cloud. computers, neworks and products around the world from the sensor to the
Itlinks comp
It links
se
a) emperature
cVstem. In that individuals across the city and forms a dynamic
distribution s y s t e m .
respect, lol has included
b) Pressure sensors
dis smart grids, smart
ePu to its wide range Ot homes, smart cities and
internet.
applications and diverse
c) Humidity / Moisture level in recent years
years. Figure 1 shows the technologies, loT has provided many
possibiliti Internet of Things
various devices. (loT) general architecture, as is
d) Light intensity detectors correlated with
e Moisture sensors
sbeppnz res
1agtapw Phcues
Proximity detection
RFID tags
9 Appdiatsc
data traffic between different netwn.
2. Gateway: loT Gateway manages the bidirectional rks
and protocols. Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and
make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors. loT gateway offers Barnhs aT d tiy

certain level of security for the network and transmitted data with higher order encryption
techniques. It acts as a middle layer between devices and cloud to protect the system

from malicious attacks and unauthorized access.

Had ted Deice
(Fiene)
3. Cloud: Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which
has to be managed in an efficient way. loT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage Figure 1: The Internet of Things (loT) Network Architecture
and store huge amount of data in real time. Industries and services can easily access
The following group of architectures should give a greater understanding of the core design
these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary. Basically, lOT cloud is a
sophisticated high performance network of servers optimized to perform high speed data
considerations and typical primary functional layers in an end-Ho-end loT stack. The hierarchy of
shows the
processing of billions of devices, traffic
allproposed layered architecture of Internet of Things (loT) is shown in Figure 2, which
management and deliver accurate analytics.
Distributed database management systems layer architectures of loT consisting of three layers, four layers and five layers respectively.
are one of the most important components o
loT cloud.
Architecture of toT
Analytics: Analytics is the process of
converting analog data from bilions of smart devi
and sensors into useful insights which can be
interpreted and used for detailed analysis Five Layer
Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for loT system for Three Layer Four Layer
of the entire system. management and improveln Business Layer
Appbcaton Layer
Appicetion Layer
5. User interface:
User interfaces are the
visible, tangible part of the loT an Network LA
Appicaton Lsyer

be accessible
by users. Designers will have to system Whic etwork Layer

make sure a well rface

for minimum effort for users and
encourage more
designed user Support Layer
PrOcessing Layer

interactions. Perception Layer

Trensport Lsyer
Parceptlon Layer

Perception Lsyer
 146
Digital Fueney of Things(loT and Industrial
(ntenet
Internet of Things (lloT)
loT Architecture and actuators
1. Sensors
(a) Three Layer (Tier) fundamental building
blocks:
three Arst
The firs layer is the
nis architecture simplifies it down to physical
which has hich layer of
is the physical layer, has nuironmental data. Connected devices provide sensors, capable
1. Perception layer: The perception layer sensors
actuators for each loT system.
the base of each loTs the
of
sensing and collectecting
Sensors, environment. essence
sensing and gathering information aboutthe and
edge They need sensors to of the internet of things which is the
devices that interact with the environment.
and outside of
environment or the item collect physical
io to interact with the environment in itself. Actuators take this one characteristics inside
connecting to other smat
for a step further since they
2. Network Layer: The network layer is responsible shut of ves when the water
reaches a
significant way. For
network devices, and servers. Its features
are also used and nr
for transmitting and ,
processing certain level or example, they can be used to
rises. simply to switch off a light when the
sensor data. This layer coordination with the application layer. sun

3. Application Layer: The application layer is responsible for delivering application ravwoenca

services to the user. M

ey

Application Layer
Cloud/ Servers

Powa
( outo

Network Layer
Routers and Gateways
Figure Sensors and Actuators in the loT architecture9
2. Internet getaways and Data Acquisition Systems
Perception Layer
Sensors and Actuators Once the sensors send in the data, it has to be
aggregated and converted into digital form so
that it
can be
processed. The second stage of the loT architecture is what makes this
happen. It
essentially 9gets the data ready for processing. The actual task of
data is up to the data
aggregating and converting the
Figure 2: The fundamental Three Layer loT Architecture acquisition system. It's what connects to the sensors and actuators,
compiles all of their data and then converts it into digital form so that it can be routed over the
(b)Four Layer loT Architecture network by the internet
gateway
The four-stage loT architecture can be summarized as follows:
Itenet

Mage
H
Appe ed ***************

Seon
M. Achatoe Acguhou
Su
C X
tar
Dau Fou

CoaTlin
stage in the loT architecture
Figure 5: Gateways and Data Acquisition
Figure 3: loT
architecture's four phases
 Digital Fluency Intern
ofThings(lo) and Industrial Internet of
148 Things (lloT)
with the system. It 149
takes the form of
3. Edge IT
the data is
pertormed in the third
star.
of an anainst the requirements ot executablee codes, scripts and
analytics of loT system to steal the contents. It acts
out these tasks. Since loT
and enhanced
confidentially of information.
Fre-processing

architecture. Edge IT systems

are responsible
for carrying

consequently require
width, these Edge
a lot of bandwidth systems Layer: The business
Business Layer: business layer refers
to
manager of a whole system. It an intended behavior of an application and
acts like aa manager
of data and has
collect a significant amount coreIT infrastructure. Machine
in reducing the
load on the hine learning irations, business and profits models responsibilities to manage and control
of loT. The
systems perform a vital task results from thecnt
technologies are used by Edge
IT systems to generate
llected laver. It also has the ability to determine how user's privacy is also managed by
and visualization while the visualization tech information can be created, stored and
machine learning
algorithms nged. Vulnerability in this layer
changed
data. Insights are provided by permits the attackers to
to understand. iding the business logic. Most misuse an application by
presents the data in a way that's easy problems regarding
nlication that result from a broken or security are weaknesses in an
appli missing security control. Common
4. Data center and cloud regarding security of business layer are: problems
and the gateway
neurons backdroo the
become the ie.
The cloud, when sensors become
solutions, a data center or cloud-based
Business Logic Atack: It takes
advantage of a flaw in
brain of the Internet of things. Contrary cutting-edge to ed a
programming. It controls
and manages the exchange of information between
volumes of data tor a deeper insight that a user and supporting database
system is meant to store, processes and analyze large
a
d of an aplication. There are several common flaws in the
is never possible with advanced data analytics engine and machine learning processes. The dala business layer, such as

needs to be stored for further in-depth analysis which is why data storage is such an important
improper coding by a programmer, password recovery validation, input validation, and
encryption techniques.
It helps with follow-up revision for feedback as well.
stage of an loT architecture.
b) Zero-Day Attack: It refers to a security hole or a problem in an application that is
unfamiliar to a vendor.
(C)Five Layer loT Architecture
It has three layers like previous architectures whose names are perception layer, transport
layer and application layer. It also has two more layers. The names of these newly proposed IOT-HARDWARE
layers are processing layer and business layer. loT devices are basically smart devices which have support for internet connectivity and are
1. Processing Layer: The processing layer is also known as a middleware layer. It collecis able to interact with the other devices over the internet and grant remote access to a user for

the information that is sent from a

transport layer. It performs processing onto ne managing the device as per their need. Examples of loT devices in the market are Smart
Smart refrigerators, smartwatches, smart fire alarms, smart door locks, smart bicycles, medical
Mobies
collected information. It has the responsibility to eliminate extra information that has no
These
meaning and extracts the useful information. However, it also removes the Ensors, fitness trackers, smart security system, etc., are few examples of loT products.
data in loT. In big data, a large amount of
problem or b I e s manage key tasks and functions such as system activation, action specifications
information is received which can
performance of loT. There are numerous attacks that can affect the a nd r i y , communication, and detection to support-specific goals and actions

disturb the performance of loT. The common processing layer a

attacks are:
a Exhaustion: An atacker ADVANTAGES OF IOT DEVICES
uses exhaustion to disturb the
occurs as an
after-effect processing of loT STu cture.i given below.
of attacks, such as DoS attack Sends
Th
of these smart
devices and some of them are

the victim many requests to

make the network
in which an attacker Several advantages
to machine
unavailable for users. It cou dbea as a machine
called
result of other attacks that aim 1. interaction between
devices
to exhaust the system battery C o u r a g e s the
and memory resources. resources, such a5
interaction.
Malwares: It is an attack on the
2. t provides good automation and control
the application of confidentiality
viruses, spyware,
of the
information of users. t
3. it is better to operate.
adware, a information, so
Trojans horses and worms to intera Integrated with more technical
 150
Digital Fluenc ernet ofThings(loT) and lIndustrial
nterm

Internet of
feature.
Things (lloT)
4. loT possesses strong monitoring 151
5. It saves a lot of time.
manual task and
time. loT oftware addres its key
1OT-SOFTWARE
areas of
oT helps to save more money by reducing ystems, partner
systems, and middleware.netw working and action through
artner
tasks makes good monitoring of devices. esponsib data
r

collection, device These individual platforms, embedded

Automating daily life integration, real-time and master
8. Increased efficiency and time-saving. extension within the loT network. applications are
analyics, and application and process
quality of life. 1. Data Collection: This software
9. With good features make a better
ata security, and
manages sensing,
data aggregation of data. It uses measurements, light data filtering. lignt
necting with rea-time, certain protocols to aid sensors
DISADVANTAGES OFIOT DEVICES
ltiple devices machine-to-machine
and distnbutes it in networks. Then it
in

accordance with collects data from

Though there are several advantages, there are certain disadvantages too. Enlisted be ctibuting data
distri over devices. The settings. It also works in reverse by
system eventually transmits
are the various demerits: central server. all collected data to a

1. Internet of Things devices does not have any international compatibility standard 2 Device Integration: Sorware Supporting
integration binds all system devices to create the
body of the loT system. it ensures the
2. They may become highly complex resulting in failure. necessary cooperation and stable
between devices. hese applications are the networking
3. Internet of Things devices may get affected by privacy and security breach. network because without them, it is not an defining software technology of the loT
loT
system. They manage the various
4. Reduced safety for users. applications, protocols, and limitations of each
device to allow communication.
5.
3 Real-Time Analytics: These applications take data or
Reduction in the employment of manual tasks thus input from various devices and
resulting in job reductions. convert it into viable actions or clear patterns for human
6. Internet of analysis. They analyze information
Things device may take control of life in due course of time with
increasing Al based on various settings and designs in order to perform automation-related tasks or
technology. provide the data required by industry
4 Application and Process Extension: These
applications
extend the reach of existing
IOT SENSORS systems and software to allow a wider, more effective
system. They integrate predefined
devices for specific purposes such as allowing certain mobile devices or engineering
The most
important hardware in loT might be its sensors. These
devices consist of energy instruments access. It supports improved productivity and more accurate data collection.
modules, power management modules, RF
modules, and sensing modules. RF modules mandge
communications through their signal
processing, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, radio
duplexer, and BAW. transceve IOT-TECHNOLOGY AND PROTOCOLS
loT primarily exploits standard protocols and networking technologies. However, the major

of loT are RFID, NFC, low-energy Bluetooth, low-energy

uul .gtechnologies and protocols
wireleS,Ow-energy radio protocols, LTE-A, and Wi-Fi-Direct.
These technologies support the
in contrast to a standard uniform
networking functionality needed in an loT system
network of common
systems. communication)
1. identification) and NFC (near-field
and RFID: RFID (radio-frequency access tokens, connection
versatile options for identity and
Simple, low energy and transmitter
employs 2-way radio
boot RFID technology
dpping. and payments. The NFC consists of
objects. The
associated with
receivers to identiry and track tags
 Digital Fluene of Things (loT) and Industrial
Internet
152
Internet of Things (llo)
mobile device and a standard
ane 153
electronic
devices, typically
a Al
development, Al solutions
Solutions, ARIVR, Blockchain, and
for 2300 worldwide many more.
protocols
ed with over
clients, delivered 3500+ Since 2011, the
compan
cOmmunication

pany has
long-use need and 200+ projects on the latest technologies. apps and 2000 plus
device.
supports
the low-power,
of lot website proec
This technology
Z. Low-Energy
Bluetooth:
technology
with native support acros ross systems 2. TCS
a standard
function while exploiting hungry aspect
power
replaces ihe most
loT one of India s most
well-renowned IT companies and
technology
Wireless: This lono
3. Low-Energy power down over
brands globally. Ihe company provides placed among the most valuable
and other
elements can
periods
wirela.
IT services es
services like mobile apps, loT,
system. Though s e n s o r s in listening LOW-energy
mode.
Cloud
s. Cloud
Apps, Solutions,A
Automation & Al, & Blockchain,
must remain Enterprise
communication links, ie., wireless device through less 149 locations a across 46 nations.
many more. It was established in 1968 and
extends the life of the use. now runs in
but also
only reduces consumption,
Thread are radio protocols
for creating low. te
Z-Wave and 3. Infosys
4. Radio Protocols: ZigBee, offer high throughput unitke
technologies are low-power, but
private area networks.
These Infosys Limited is an India-based MNC that
offers business consulting, IT, & outsourcing
of small local device networks without he
increases the power is the 2nd largest Indian
many similar options. This ices, Infosys IT Company after TCS. The company has 82 Sales &
typical costs. marketing offices and 123 development centers globally

LTE Advanced, delivers

an important upgrade to LTE technoioov huy
5. LTEA: LTE-A, or
4. LTI
its latency and raising its throughput. It
increasing not only its coverage, but also reducing
its range, with its most significant LTI helps Hi-Tech companies innovate faster &operate in real-time by leveraging loT for vast
gives loT a tremendous power through expanding
vehicle, UAV, and similar communication. business outcomes, including predictable yield & optimized cost. They visualize, forecast, and
applications being true physical-digital convergence and realize faster ROI.
for an access point. It allows P2P (peer-to optimize asset operations through a
6. WIFi-Direct: WiFi-Direct eliminates the need
WiFi-Direct eliminates an
peer) connections with the speed of WiFi, but with lower latency. 5. HCL Tech
does not compromise on speed or is
element of a network that often bogs it down, and it loT landscape for to kick start to loT journey. A structured approach
They define the right
ramp-up to discover the loT needs
taken to understand the business needs and provide quick
a
throughput.
time to market with low risk and zero lock-ins.
and solutions, accelerating
TOP 10 TRUSTED IOT DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES IN INDIA
6. Tech Mahindra
like DIGITAL
possible. Different solutions design, engineer, and
serve
The Internet of Things has made complete industrialization
Ihey help their customers digitize their products&
because deliver insightful data,
supervising & tracking
Smart Cities, Smart Home, Smart Factory, and Connected Vehicle are poss Jle only just services aim to
PrOOucts from the start. Their lOT
of loT. In today's gen, all types &sizes of businesses leverage loT solutions to preserve the eficiency.
predictive and cognitive analytics and boost
credential information while transmitting from one device to another. The best part aboutthis
is tha' it avers a range of devices from Android to iPhones, desktops to laptops, etc. Througn u 7. Mphasis
in the insurance
management
o the claims
lOT, devices can easily exchange data in real-time in a matter of a few minutes. Due build a solution for automated detection process
to repairs
the pnasis, they An loT gadgef's
fault
demnd for some applications nowadays, SMEs and large enterprises also started
evelopment companyto make impactful loT apps. Following is a compiled list of the top
seeking ndustry that uses blockchain with loT
devices.

automated with blockchain technology.

can all be
by claims management

10 lOT development companies in India in 2021 -2022.

8. Wipro & 'new things. Our
of "legacy &
1. Hyperlink InfoSystem addresses
the connectivity
complement loT at
solutions
that
protocols

Hyperlink InfoSystem is
popular app development
a fficesi Wipro's Internet of Things
blends
heterogeneous

company in India, with sales o Multi-Protoco loT Gateway

Framework
to
backend
systems.

the USA and UAE. The company offers web & s,

Ol transmitted

development, Salesforce soluto edge, enabling selective data

to be
 Digital Fuency Interne
Things(lo) and Ind ustrial Internet of
Things (lloT)
155
154
Fducation Applications: lOT's yet another great
wit 1OT helps in fuihiling the gaps and l application lies in
9. Mindtree merging
lol services
the loopholes in the education the field of educaion.
transformation
journey by
their operational
efficiene ofeducation being offered to
students by industry. It improves the
hey help
to finish the digital
help
customers
enhance

nd offer new reven.

attain ietration
administration and management by taking
optimizing the cost. It also
improves
loT & data, they cost a n d
ofer new
revenue into
worid. By leveraging experience,
optimize odel perfomance.
consideration students' response and
customer
greater productivity, improve
possibilities.
Applications:
ment Applications: Ihe smart
Government
city initiative by our
how efficient and big this
technology is. Its government is an example
10. HData Systems althcare, armed forces, and
incorporation in sectors like transportation,
Science company
helping businesses bonDes
their healt security is commendable.
Data
provides app develno.
India-based
HData Systems is an
The company
elopment, rnet of thing (lo1) finds applications in several
nterne
analytical approaches. field,
productivity & performance
with
automation, efc. tical, information nology, universal space research and soincluding
on. agriculture, electrical
data analytics, ML, AI, lOT,
data science, big
in Agriculture
1. lOT Applications
APPLICATIONS OF
INTERNET OF THINGS
Smart farming through the use of lot technologies will help farmers to reduce
watches and fitness monitorinn
generated
Healthcare Application:
These days we have digital itoring waste and enhance productivity. At below, some important loT Applications in Agricuiture are
monitoring. People can now monitn ito
devices that have changed
the ways of healthcare discussed:

intervas of time. These days if a person is being rushed to the

their own health at regular
are already given to the doctor, and
his/her healthcare statistics
hospital by an ambulance, 1rones fL7etd
time. Also, data collected from different patients are now Menlioriu
the treatment gets started well in

being put to use for the cure.

Individuals and
rates have become paramount. All
Energy Applications: The energy of
to reduce and control the consumption
organizations, both are searching for ways 9
appliance-level but
energy. loT provides a way to
also at the grid level,
monitor energy usages not only at the

house-level or even at the distribution level. Smart systems such as Agriculturelo

Meters & Smart Grids are installed at various organizations to monitor energy Mar hiuy ior

Tii
ui Moilti7
consumption. Bpreaaltos

Smart appliances 37%

in Agriculture
Smart energy meters
25% Figure: lo7T Applications
practice that makes the farming
or a
Wearable devices farming is a process
13% (a) recision Farming: Precision
livestock and growing of crops. The use

for raising
Connected cars more accurate and controlled control systems, robotics,
10% PCedure vehicles,
automated hardware,
autonomous
, ike sensors,
Smart heathcare devlces 10%
etc. in this approach are key components
None of these
 Digital Fluene ernet ofThings(loT) and Industrial Internet of
156 ency n t e r

Things (lloT)
157

Lheestock Mgmt
WA
smart se sins
& monitoring
aww

oud tesed

.nd deta
vtt*
mansge*

Ear tags as LoRaWAN

smart analysis
mesh nodes 8ateway
smart control
&planning

Figure: Livestock Monitoring

hSmart Greenhouses: Greennouse tarming is a technique that enhances the yield of crops,
veaetables, fruits etc. A smart greenhouse through loT embedded systems not only
Figure: Smart farming
monitors intelligently but also controls the climate. Thereby eliminating any need for
of loT
(b) Agriculture Drones: Agricultural drones are a very good example applications in human intenvention. Diferent sensors that measure the environmental parameters according
become one of the major industries where
Agriculture. Agriculture industries today, have to the plant requirement are used for contraling the environment in a smart
greenhouse
and aerial-based
drones can incorporate. Two types of drones, that is, ground-based Then, a cloud server creates for remotely accessing the system when it connects using
drones are being incorporated in agriculture in many ways such as,
for crop health loT
assessment, irrigation, planting, and soil & field analysis.

Remte ack ang A

A

entE ve ine ieols

Figure: Smart Greenhouses

lOT Applications in Healthcare next decade,

Figure: Agricultural drones healthcare industry to the
revolutionize
the
medical
set to monitoring to
technology is
(c) Livestock Monitoring: loT applications help farmers to collect data cation, dIncare

potential
applications,
from remote
loT network

well-being. and health of their cattle. This regarding tnethe he

as it has great
reat potential and multiple interconnected
devices to create an

information helps them in identiy"> htegration. Healthcare systems use a set

of
condition of their livestock. systems u
ealthcare
 Digital Flueng nternetofThings nas (loT) and
158 Industrial Internet of Things (lloT)
assessment,
including
monitoring
patents and automatin
tically detect edical Information Distribution: 159
devoted to healthcare This is a
most
Situations where medical helps are required.
researcn uses lack ritical
in
healthcare, the
distribution of
accurate prominent
and current innovation of loT
applicau cations
The resources
that current
medical
real-w
tWo
of the most challenginging concerns of medical care. information to patien
ients remains one
a)Research: e n v i r o n m e n t s and volunteers
lives of individuals but also loT devices
the daily
controlled not
leftovers,
medica facilities and only improv
orove health in
information. It mostly uses

to a sea of
valuable data and information rmation throun
through analysis healthcare out of facilities like professional practice. loT ssystems take
examination. loT opens ways hospitals and allow
intrusive care into the office, home or
real-time field data, and testing. sOcial space. They empower and enable individuals to offic
to cater to their
improving in their power, precision and availak healthcare providers deliver better care tot own health, and allow
b) Devices: Even current devices
are

technology and lead us

towards better heaith dWay for fewer accidents that usually resultpatients.
pave
wa
from
As a result, this has resulted and
has the potential to uniock existing satisfaction, and better preventive care. miscommunication, improved patient
medical device solutions.

BANN
3G46/5G
6LoWPAN Wirekess Cloud Senie Wireless
wSN
WLAN
WBAN
BLBLE Wireless
RFIDNFC

Wireless

Gateway Medical Server Database

Figure: Benefits of loT in Healthcare Devices User Terminal

Care: IoT empowers healthcare professionals to use their knowledge and

training in a
better way to solve problems. It helps them utilize better data and
equipment that in tum
supports more precise and swift actions. loT allows in thee professional development df Real 1tme onltor
Doctor EHR
healthcare professionals because they practicaly exercise their talent rather than spending Cro
Dlse
time on administrative tasks. EERGENG

Sporta/Ftne

byetkoneiy
des
Early Diagnostics Connected

Healthcare Medical Information Distribution

Hgure: loT in Applications in
of
have always had the problem
d nergency Care: The emergency support services
with the base facility. The
disconnected
ering from limited resources and getting
in the healthcare sector.
cater to this problem
automation and analytics of loT
Dayde dnced rather miles away. The providers get
from a distance or far
emergency can be analyzed arrival because of
which they can deliver
'1 access
t o the patient profiles way
before their
associated losses are
reduced, and
on time.
In this way,
enis care to the patients
Figure: loT in ndal
Applications in Healthcare emergency health care is improveo
Care
 Digital Fiuene Tainas (loT) and
internet of Things
160
Industrial Internet of Things
(1o)
tad
anytime and anywhere: loT
at 161
Sen e Se r v e EeJEEry dh
through the use of special plays an important
the academics to display the intermet-based systems. position in constructung a

development ofof tthe scholars.

Advanced technology enabies
in
loT Cloud . lOT applications manufacturing and :
industrial
lDigitalVConnected Factory: The machinery thatprocesses
cfer information
tran: related to
is
embedded with an loT
operations to the people system can
E Hetheare
protssoriat
manufactu

de
iacturers
advantageous
and to fied

by
engineers. This way
enabling operation
such as the
original equipment
process automation and
optimization is
manage the factory units. managers and factory heads to remotely
Applications Emergency Care
Figure: loT in Healthcare
aFacility Management ine lol
sensors placed inside
3. loT Consumer Applications alerts based condition-based maintenance. Whenevermanufacturing equipment triggerss
on

orescribed
an
equipment deviates from its
parameters, lol sensors can actively monitor machines
loT technology behaves like a team of advisors, assistants, and security. loT applicatione.
uons in and send an alert.
simple and cheap ones which include pivate health Manufacturers in this
way can
conserve energy, reduce
costs, eliminate machine downtime
consumer area can vary from quite dgets to and increase operational erficiency, by ensuring the
high-quality clever domestic automation programs. prescribed working environment for
machinery
)Smart Home: Smart Home loT devices and applications include home automation
c) Production Flow Monitoring: It provides the scope to recommend any
products like smart kitchen gadgets and security systems with face recognition and voice adjustments in
operations for better management of the industry's operational cost. Since the monitoring
control. Some examples are Voice Assistance like Amazon Echo, Security, Lighting is done quite closely, it lags in the actual production thereby eliminating wastes and
fixtures such as L8 SmartLight, Smat Energy Savings, Family Entertainment, Smat unnecessary work.
Kitchen Gadgets i.e.,
( Inventory Management: This is best industrial loT application, through lOT systems
iGrill Smart grill thermometer, Samsung Family Hub etc.
monitoring of events across a supply chain is done. These systems allow one to track the
(b) Personal loT applications: Personal loT devices and applications include wearable inventory and trace it globally on a line-item level. This way the users are notified if there
hearable, smartphones and personal laptop gadgets such as Smart Clothing, Sman
-
are any significant deviations from the plan of action. As a result, this provides a far
Watch, Battery power-sharing between two reaching and cross-channel visibility into inventories which helps managers
in getting
smartphones, Hearable, Smat glass etc.
estimated arrival
realistic estimates of the available material, the work in progress and the
4. loT Applications in Education
and reduces additional
ime of new materials. Ultimately this makes supply more optimal
These are some
important areas where the Internet of Things and shared costs that arise in the value chain.
Application inEducation loT
(a) Poster boards into loT enabled and security in the plant improve by
boards: The virtual
posters be
with ant Safety and Security: Aworkers' safety
classmates and instructors through e-mail, can
shareu The loT system
monitors Key some Performance

with and posted on elegance

surely accessed through the posters JRL dea Ombined with big data analysis.
of injuries, frequent rates of
blogs. and safety, such as the number
cators (KPIs) of health damage or any
kind of loss incurred during daily
b) Interactive gaining of
knowledge: Geting to know these the S , Vehicle incidents, and property
mixture of texts and pictures but days is not restralln operations.
beyond that. Most of the net
primarily based websites that consist of textbooks are
paire ions.and
extra
different substances to support the substances, films, exams, aninau
mastering.
 162
Digital Flue Things (loT) and Industrial Internet
internet
of
OFTHINGs (OT)
Things (lloT)
INDUSTRIAL
INTERNET
ndustrial
remote access,
With industrial remote access, the 163
machine builder can
Internet of Things is revolutionizing
our world in to a smarter

devices
place.

objects
lodustrial Internet o
Industrial
and objects user
used in
view
log files on
the
nd the
to find the
on the PLC or
or robot
and reset
problem
and saves a the
access the
machine
machine, if necessary. It from their ofticeice,
which focuses
on
inutes
business time-consuming service trip to the factoryonlysite.
m i n u

Things (loT) is part of bigger loT system used in industrial settings

takes a few
refers to loT technology name ravent the label printer from
The term
environment.
technology in industrial revolution, where Ind n running out of paper
manufacturing facilities. IloT is a key
artificial intelligenco 4 0 she logistics sector or packaging
th In
automation, interconnectivity,
emphasizes smart technology, data
revolutionizing the way
and
facto o data counter triggers an aam, industry, the if's fatal when a
machine runs out of labels. The
technologies are sensor

allowing
email alert on operator to take immediate action to prevent
technologies and capabilities. These stagnation. Apush
push notification
and notification or
or ema
industrial organizations are run. their
The industrial Intermet of Things (lloOT) usually refers to interconnected sensors, contsa
smartwatch, ensurest that the
responsible people receive thesmartphone, or a vibration of their
Such alarm notifications can be life-saving. message on time. In other
and other devices networked together in an industrial setting. This connectivity allowsS trollers, industries
access and monitoring, but more importanty, it allows for data acquisition and
remote
colle 3, Analyse and optimize industrial robot actions

exchange and analysis of different data sources

action, Industrial robots such as UR+
robots make
repetitive work easy. Remote access and lloT
Saotires are used to remotely change robot program actions for
changeovers or to get insight into
Industrial Internet of Things the log files and data of the robot for troubleshooting.
Anelytics Connectivity 4. Live monitoring of full garbage containers in smart cities

No more useless driving around the city to check for full containers. Only take action on
Achhunes
Alerts trash containers that send out an alam that they need to be emptied. Make use of the
power of
nsor

your sensors and make data accessible in a cloud environment. Then visualise this data in a
monitoring dashboard and send out a notification to the garbage collector when the container
reaches a threshold

The lloT is aboutdeploying smart machines to capture and move data, sense changes in FEATURES OF INDUSTRIAL IOT
temperature, flowvoume, automate procedures for
or

into the right hands for analysis and

efficiency, accuracy and safety, deliver datd .Industrial 'things': Internet-enabled devices like PLCs, IPCs, Human Machine Interfaces
decision making, and ensure that all of
those processe (HMI), robots, vision cameras and sensors.
happen on time, reliably and securely.
Wi-Fi ethernet
to the internet via 4G/cellular,
or
onnectivity: Connecting things'
connections.
INDUSTRIAL IOT EXAMPLES and processed using edge devices,
is central
Data: Data and how data is collected, stored
Following are the Industrial loT
examples for daily use: to the value of lloT
1. Remotely solve PLCirobot and secure cloud platform for
a centralised
problems if a
custom-built machine is down A Toud platform: The key to Industrial
loT is
It happens in every services.
factory. The emergency button hosting the data and enabling remote
realising it. Because there's no defect, is pressed anyone analysed by hur
either humans or

the problem. In the meantme, the engineers initially break their accidentally, without o Intelligence and action The collected
-
data must be
other system.
heads to locate tne
C a u s e

clock is to any
or triggers
due to the downtime. If the HMM running and valuable time and wastet
ed rt functions to send out alarms
doesn't tell the costs are being
next logical step. problem, a phone call to the uilderis the
machine buinde
 Digital Fueney Internet
o fThin
(lo)and Industrial Internet
164 of
Things (lloT)
DOES
INDUSTRIAL IOT WORKS? OV is a
pertect iit TO
SOve
165
HOW
tools, software platt. goods efficiently. Retail giants likemany of the complex logistics
Industrial loT is a system
includes smart
sensors,
machines,

deployed at every
stage of ttorms, clout
manufacturing
manufacturin Custor
Advanced technologies likeAmazon
mazon
using drones to operations and manag age
deliver goods to their
and applications. Smart
sensors are
to the loT
floor and it require less manpower. drones offer better
servers
networks
continuously
send data oat efficiency, accessibility, speed
specific applications. These
sensor
transmit the da ha
cloud, which receive and
ta to
Smart PacPackage Management: Package
means hub between loT
it act as a
devices and
Sophisticated application proc
the 6
ence and efficiency for management
manufacturing units. Smartusing lOT technology gives lot o
convenience

processing and analysis.

cloud application server for
data within
secure network
and it is accessibl of packing and
update status in real-time sensors can monitor each
stage
developed to handle large amount using vibrations, atmospher conditions like
manner. Embedded
sensors can
an detect
Smartphone applications. temperature and humidity etc and feedback if
something goes wrong during transit or storaae.
OF THINGs Software integration for product optimization:
APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INTERNET Smart
imoortant components of any loT system which further analytics solution is one of most
is one of most significant and com enhances the possibilities of the
1. Industrial Automation: Industrial automation ommon svstem for improvement and optmization. Major
of Automation of machines and tools enables companies companies are implementing customized
application of Intermet Things. es to software for deep analysis of
huge amount of data collected from
software tools to monitor and Ma large sensor networks
operate in an efficient way with sophisticated make andmachines. Detailed analysis of data and understanding the behavior
improvements for next process iterations. Industrial automation improves accuracy over time gives

efficiency: reduces errors, easy to control and remotely accessible via applications
acy, much better overview of process improvement strategies for
product optimization.
Machines can operate at harsh environments than humans; automation of machines and 8. Enhanced Quality and Security: Introduction of loT technology in to manufacturing offers
tools reduces man power requirements for specific tasks. enhanced product quality. Continuous monitoring and analysis of each stages ensure
better quality by improving process steps for optimum quality.
2. Smart Robotics: Smart robotics ensures smooth handling of tools and materials in the
manufacturing line with precise accuracy and efficiency. Robots can be programmed to Integration of smart tools and software assisted procedures offer higher level of security
perform complex tasks with high end embedded sensors for real-time analysis. These Software controlled automation and data collection from huge sensor network is connected to a
robotics networks are connected to a secure cloud for monitoring and highly secure gateway and cloud server platform. Complex encryption techniques are used in lloT
controling platform for enhanced security
Engineering team can access and analyze this data to take quick actions for product
improvements or preventing an unexpected failure due to machine fault.
3. Predictive Maintenance: Predictive maintenance is an effective solution to avod DIFFERENCESBETWEEN IOT VS. IOT
unnecessary downtime in the production line. Unexpected failure of machines could cause
damage to products, delay in
delivery and business loss for manufacturers.
lloT
Integration of Smart Tools/Wearables: Integration of smart sensors to tools
loT
machines enables the workforce to perform the task a industr al sertor
with improved accuracy and
Specially designed wearables and efficieny household usage/ for

improve safety at the working environments.

smart glass helps employees to reduce
erro
the commercia
sector
data management

Smart wearables trigger instant warning

can
connectivit

messages to employees during emery rgency data seCurity

situations like gas leak or fire. Wearables can secure (loua
monitor health condition of
continuously and feedback if not fit for particular task.
indi Juas
5. Smart Logistics Management:
Logistics is one of the
which needs continuous important areas in many ind
improvements to support increasing demands. s e n s o r

Sma
 Digital Flue
166
(llo1) Internet of Things (lon
Internet of Things
Industrial
Key Point loT is used amon
device that
has been 1.
mong so manN
llOT is a
1. Applications
Applications |1. industrial different sectors andnd userss
used in
widely such as
manufacturing and Consumers as
applications in wel
industries like mining, oil & gas,| as professionals
to
focus
transportation, etc.
more general applications

2. Risk
and 2. lloT devices have higher chances 2. Compared to lloT, lOT de
Security of experiencing an attack from face lower security risks.
malicious actors.

3. Goals 3. General consumers do not use lloT3. lOT deployment typically aim
in their personal lives, and it is toincrease efficiency, improve
instead part of an industrial health and safety and create
process. improved experiences.
4. End devices |4. IlOT devices are designed to|4. lOT devices are typically
provide users data on their devices employed in everyday
machinery, with these devices life that can USe
integrating withexisting machinery
rather than
independently, such as smart
working independently. thermostats, smartwatches
Examples of these devices include
and smart assistants.
controllers and Programmable
Logic Controllers.
5. Development 5. lOT
needs
development typically focuses 5.
on
producing new devices that can The new loT devices usualy
make clients' aim to provide greater
efficient. IloT operations more convenience to a use
developers use data
Users

metrics to craft o
devices everyday life. The focus
companies cut costs that help and development is geared mo
their efficiency. increase toward increasing comiort
6. Risk of failure 6. consumer demand for eas
lloT
technology is connected use is high.
a
network and can overl6 When loT
d e v i c e s n
a n d

threatening situations create life-

piece of heavy when
when a a technology fail, the risk

machinery fails. relatively low since

on a
t

sma
h e s e

devices are used on

scale.
 ftof Things (loT) and Industrial Internet of
her
Things (lloT 167

. Environmental 7. lloT devices are used in harsher|7.

1 loT devices typically have to
requirements environments, such as energy
perform in everyday
plants, factories and oil refineries. environments, with their
design made to withstand
normal temperatures and
other environmental

pressures.

8 8.
Compatibility8. llOT devices tend to need to be 8 Generally, loT devices don't
compatible with various legacy need to be compatible with
with legacy
systems devices and machines foundin legacy systems.
industrial plants