A

REPORT
ON
SUMMER INPLANT TRAINING
DEPARMENT:- SPINNING UNIT
Duration:- 19 August to 31 August
For
The Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
(HANDLOOM AND TEXTILE TECNOLOGY)
BY:-
ANUSHKA MISHRA
SAGAR MAURYA
SHILPA MISHRA
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HANDLOOM TECHNOLOGY
CHOWKGHAT (2210002) VARANASI UP
Under the guidance and supervision of

MR.S.K.BAGELA
(PRESIDENT,WORKS)
MR.NAVEEN JANGID
(GENRAL MANGER)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 DECLARATION
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMET
 OVERVIEW OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
 ABOUT SANGAM GROUP
 ABOUT SANGAM INDIA LTD
 SANGAM SPINNING MILL
 SANGAM SPINNING-UNIT LAYOUT

 DECLARATION

We ANUSHKA MISHRA, SAGAR MAURYA and SHILPA MISHRA hereby

declare that the internship project report titled “Summer Textile Internship”,
submitted towards the fulfillment of two weeks internship is our original work and
no part of the project has been copied from any other reports or any other work
carried by someone else which has been submitted for any other degree or award.
However, any material taken from any other published source has been suitably
referred and acknowledged at various spaces.

NAME -
Anuska Mishra
Sagar maurya
Shilpa Mishra
BATCH – 2021-25.
DATE:- 15 NOVEMBER 2021- JULY 2025
PALCE:- SANGAM (INDIA) LIMITED,
BILIYA KALAN,CHITORGHARH ROAD,BHILWARA
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship Project titled “Summer Textile Internship”,
Submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the Bachelors in Handloom and Textile
Technology by Anushka Mishra, Sagar Maurya and Shilpa Mishra is their original
work under my guidance and the results are based on the research done by them.

DATE
PLACE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMET

‘Industrial Training’ is a golden opportunity given by our college to improve our

practical knowledge in Textile Technologies. We specially thanks to our H.O.D Mr.
Ram Rattan sir to give us this opportunity. We enjoyed every moment of being the
part of “SANGAM (INDIA) LIMITED”. We are very thankful to President
Mr.S.k.Bagela sir , G.M Mr. Naveen Jangid sir, Spinning Head Mr. L.L Bishnoi sir ,
they give us opportunity for training. It wouldn’t have been possible without your
guidance, advice, encouragement and support.
We are highly obliged to all the department head and all the staff, sub-staff,
operator’s and all who support us for the technical information without any
hesitation. They all supported us with their encouragement and many fruitful
discussions.
We will try to use/implement this knowledge in our future. Again, we thanks to
“SANGAM (INDIA) LIMITED”.
 OVERVIEW OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and
among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and
employment. The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is
the second-highest employer in the country. Its importance is underlined by the
fact that it accounts for around 4% of Gross Domestic Product, 14% of industrial
production, 9% of excise collections, 18% of employment in the industrial sector,
and 16% of the country’s total exports earnings. With direct linkages to the rural
economy and the agriculture sector, it has been estimated that one of every six
households in the country depends on this sector, either directly or indirectly, for
its livelihood. A strong raw material production base, a vast pool of skilled and
unskilled personnel, cheap labour, good export potential and low import content
are some of the salient features of the Indian textile industry. This is a traditional,
robust, well-established industry, enjoying considerable demand in the domestic
as well as global markets
 ABOUT SANGAM GROUP

Established in 1984, Sangam India Ltd. is the flagship Company of Sangam

Group, the group today is a business giant with over 7,000 employees and aims to
achieve a billion dollar turnover by 2015. The Company holds business interests
across diverse sectors, namely textiles, steel, infrastructure, power and energy.
Sangam India represents the textiles vertical. The Company is promoted by first –
generation entrepreneurs Mr. RP Soni and Mr. SN Modani, Sangam (India) is one
of the largest manufacturers of polyester viscose dyed yarn in the country. The
Group has more than 200,000 spindles and 4000 rotors for producing PV dyed
yarn, cotton and OE yarn with an enviable reputation for quality, which is
underlined by its ISO 9001:2008 certification. The Group is the largest producer of
PV dyed yarn in Asia at single location. The Group is a forerunner in
manufacturing ready to stitch fabric with the annual capacity to produce 30 million
meters of fabric and 40 million meters of denim. Charting a steady growth path,
Sangam Group has diversified into infrastructure, power and
recently the steel industry. The Group has introduced the world's largest medium
frequency induction melting furnace at its steel plant which is one of the largest
steel manufacturing units with the capacity to produce 0.5 million ton Steel per
annum. Apart from the activities which Sangam has carried out to be where it
currently is, the company firmly believes that its contribution to society plays an
important role in its growth too. The group is supporting charitable trust’s which
operates a 100 bed hospital for the needy people, An University having world
class infrastructure, and an IB world School in Bhilwara, Rajasthan.
 ABOUT SANGAM INDIA LTD

Sangam's Textile Industries at Bhilwara, Rajasthan are one of the largest and
most modernized industries in the country. The Group's Spinning division is
ranked amongst world's largest PV Dyed yarn industry.
Totally integrated division is equipped to produce from yarn to fabrics. The
diversified industries include Spinning, Weaving, Processing, Denim
Manufacturing and Knitting. Being the core business of Sangam Group, The
Textiles account for the major revenue sharing in the group's earnings.
Sangam is distinctly known for shepherding a new era in fabrics. The flagship
brands 'Sangam Suiting’s' and 'Sangam Denim' are the most trusted brands of
premium textiles in the Country. With the commissioning of new investments in
design, modern weaving, state-of-the-art finishing equipment’s, Sangam continues
to operate as one of the most modern textile complexes
in India.
.
Division Production Capacity
Spinning (Ring Spg) 201216 Spindles / 55000 MT PA
Spinning (Open End) 4028 Rotors/18000 MT PA
Weaving 30 Million Meter Fabric PA
Denim 40 Million Meter Fabric PA
Processing 54 Million Meter PA
Knitting 18 Machines /3000 MT PA
Thermal & Wind Power 36 MW/ Hour

Yarn Division: -

The flagship division, Sangam Spinners is one of the largest manufacturers of

polyester viscose dyed yarn in South Asia. An ISO 9001: 2008 organization is
reckoned as market leader in PV dyed yarn segment. The company today has
more than 200,000 spindles and 4,000 rotors to produce polyester, viscose dyed
and its blended yarn and 100% cotton Yarn which gives annual production of
73,000 M tons. Major part of the total yarn production consists of all varieties of
P/V dyed yarns used in the manufacture of suiting, shirting, knitting and carpet.
The division is also known for producing and exporting high quality cotton from S-
6 Quality. Equipped with the latest technology and driven by a dedicated team of
professionals, the Company has been maintaining its leadership position since
over a decade.

Exporting to Major Countries:

We export to Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Egypt,

Germany, Iran, Italy, Nepal, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Spain,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Morocco, New York, Peru, Philippines, Syria,
Canada, Egypt, Slovenia and Sri Lanka.

Global Edge:

 Catering to more than 28 countries

 3 star export house status
 One of the largest PV Dyed yarn manufacturer in Asia.
 Vertically Integrated Composite Mill leads to complete textile solution
 Among India's Top 500 Global Organizations.

AWARDS & RECOGINATION

 Among India’s Top 500 Global Organizations.

 3 star export house status.
 Awarded Best Productivity award to Sangam Spinners [Dyed Yarn] in 2002.
 Awarded for Textile Excellence in 2003 to Sangam Spinners, by Hon’ble Shri
Narpat
 Singh Rajvi, Industries Minister, Government of Rajasthan.
 Awarded Rajasthan State Award for Export Excellence in textile sector for
the year
 2008 by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Rajasthan Smt. Vasundhara Raje.
 Awarded India’s “Power Brand Rising Star” status by Indian Council for
Market
 Research (ICMR) and Planman Consultancy.
  Awarded “Rajasthan Energy Conservation Award” for the year 2009-10 by
Hon’ble
 Chief Minister of Rajasthan Sh. Ashok Gahlot.
 Awarded “Rising Entrepreneur of the Year Award” for outstanding
contribution to the
 industry and India rising by Planman Consultancy.

Milestones

1984– Sangam India (SIL) was incorporated.

1985– SIL started its operations.
1993– Sangam India established northern India's first 'Rapier Weaving machines'
1995– The company increased its production capacity by installing a weaving
machine. The same year witnessed the merger of two closely held profit making
companies.
Further, in the same year the company adopted backward integration strategy and
forayed in the spinning segment. It installed 17280 spindles that manufactured PV
dyed yarn.
1996– SIL started commercial production of its spinning project
1997– The company expanded its spinning and weaving capacity.
1998– The company spinning division received ISO 9002 certification by Bureau
of Indian Standard.
Further, the company expanded its spinning capacity to 64032 spindles.
Presently, SIL owns 127 imported weaving machines in its weaving division
namely Shuttleless, Rapier and Airjet Weaving Machines.
Sangam India is the largest producer of dyed yarn in India at a single location. It
also has captive power plant with 15.7 MW of capacity. Currently SIL produces 12
million meter of fabrics annually.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

1. Mr. R. P. Soni ( Chairman )

2. Mr. S. N. Modani ( Managing Director )
3. Mr. V. K. Sodani ( Executive Director )
4. Mr. Ramawatar Jaju ( Director )
5. Mr. A. Karati ( Director )
6. Mr. T. K. Mukhopadhyay ( Director )

KEY CUSTOMER

 Reliance
 Reid and Taylor
 Donear
 S Kumars
 Raymond
 Bossa, and
 Grasim
SPINNING SECTION
 SANGAM SPINNING MILL

Spinning is conversion of fibers into yarn. These fibers can be natural fibers or manmade
fibers. Spinning also entails production of manmade filament yarn. Final product of spinning
is yarn. Natural fibers chains stats from Ginning that adds value to it by separating seeds
and impurities. Spinning is the foundation process and all subsequent value additions i.e.
weaving, knitting, processing, Garments and Made ups, depend upon it. Any variations in
quality of spinning product directly affect the entire value chain.

“To produce quality yarns for world class shirting’s with optimum cost within
stipulated time frame through ontinuous improvement.”

In Sangam open end spinning process is carried out. They have two separate lines of
manufacturing, for cotton and synthetic fibers. Each line has the same machines in the same
amount.
SANGAM SPINNING-UNIT LAYOUT
 RAW MATERIAL STORAGE AND FIBER INSPECTION

BALE SPECIFICATION
 Fiber
 Net Weight
 Origin/Supplier
 Length
 Width
 Staple

BALE INSERTION PARAMETER

 Origin:
 Thickness or Fineness (micronaire)
 Bale weight: 165 or 220 kgs(approximately).
 Staple length: 30--‐35mm
 Degree of Reflection (RD): 60--‐80Degrees
 Strength: 24--‐29 gram/tex
 Moisture regain
 Evenness
 Maturity

MACHINE USED FOR TESTING OF FIBER

 HVI: High Volume Instrument
 AFIS: Advance Fiber Information System
 PROCESS FLOW

Fibers Mixing or Blending

Blow Room

Combing Carding

Draw Frame Draw Frame

Open End

Speed Frame Speed Frame

Ring Frame Ring Frame

Winding Winding

Combed Yarn Carded Yarn Open End Yarn

 BLOW ROOM

INTRODUCTION

Blow‐room consists of a number of machines used in succession to open and clean the
cotton fiber. About 40%-70% trash is removed in blow-room section.

PROCESS FLOW IN BLOWROOM

 Pre-opening with Blend mat BDT

 Metal or fire detection by SPMF
 Pre cleaning by Maxi--‐flow
 Mixing or blending by MPM
 Fine opening by CVT

PROCESS PARAMETER IN BLOWROOM

The Basic purpose of Blow-room is to supply

 Small fiber tufts
 clean fiber tufts
 Homogeneously blended tufts if more than
one variety of fiber is used, without increasing
the fiber rupture, fiber naps, and broken seed
particles and without removing more good
fibers.

PRE—OPENING

Effective Preopening results in smaller tuft

sizes, thus creating a large surface area for
easy and efficient removal of trash particles by
the fine openers.
Sangam Textiles Uses Trutzschler Blendomat
BDT (019) as the preopening machine.

PRE-OPENING FEATURES

 It helps maintaining the homogeneity of the long term blending

 cotton is opened gently without recycling as it is done in
manual bale openers
 the Tuft size can be as small as 50 To 100 grams
without rupturing the fibers
 the opening roller speed is around 1500 To 1800 rpm.
 The depth of penetration of the opening should be as
minimum as possible for better quality
 If The production per feeding machine is less than 150
kg, then four mixings can be done

METEL / FIRE DETECTION

Cotton fiber may catch some metal components while its

fiber extraction process which needs to be removed
before it goes into any further processing. Cotton fiber
also may generate sparks due to friction while passing
through connecting ducts. Thus it needs to be blown
out. This is done just after the blendomat takes up the
fiber from the manually opened bales.
Sangam Textiles uses Trutzschler SPMF for this
process.

PRECLEANING AND BEATING

Sangam Textiles Uses Trutzschler maxi flow for this work.

VARIOUS MACHINE PARAMETERS

 The fiber treatment in this machine is very gentle
because the fibers are not gripped by the feed roller

during beating. Fiber tufts treated by the pin beater

when it is carried by air medium.
 All heavy rash particles all down before it is broken.
 Cleaning efficiency of his machine is very high in the
blow room line.
 Mostly all heavy seeds (full seeds) fall in this machine
without any problem.
 Around 50 Pascal suction pressure should be
maintained in the waste chamber for better cleaning
efficiency.
 Beater speed, air velocity through the machine, grid bar
setting and gap between grid bars will affect the
cleaning efficiency.
 Higher the cleaning efficiency, higher the good fiber
loss, higher the nap generation and higher the fiber
rupture.
 The optimum cleaning means maximum cleaning
performance, minimum loss of good fibers, a high
degree of fiber preservation and minimum nep
generation.
 In general the beater speed is around 750 and
minimum 50 Pascal suction pressures to be maintained
in the suction chamber.

MIXING OR BLENDING

If different grade of same fibers are kept together, then

it is called mixing, whereas, when different fibers of
same or different grades are kept together, then it is
called blending. Physical properties (fiber length,
fineness, strength) of the resultant blend can be
predicted, and are reproducible.
 MIXING OR BLENDING: OBJECTIVES

 To achieve uniform quality.

 To improve performance.

 To reduce and control the production cost.

 To meet the functional and user requirements. To

enhance aesthetic properties i.e. appearance, color,

lusters etc.

 To enhance physical properties i.e. tensile strength,

abrasion resistance, stretches etc.

Sangam Textiles uses Trutzschler MPM machine for

uniform mixing and blending of fibers.

FINE CLEANING

Sangam employs Trutzschler CVT1. The cleaning

points in CVT1 consist of opening roller, deflector

blades, mote knives and suction hood. Trash particles

released due to centrifugal forces are separated at the

mote knives and continuously taken away by the

suction. This gives better cleaning.

 CARDING

INTRODUCTION
Carding process is considered as heart of spinning. Any
defects occurring in this process continue throughout the
remaining process of spinning resulting in defective yarn.
In this process the cotton fibers pass through in between
two sets of wire points moving in opposite direction
resulting in the parallelization of fibers.

High production in carding to economize the process

leads to reduction in yarn quality. Latest machines
achieve the production rate of 60 --‐ 200 kgs / hr, which
used to be 5 --‐ 10 kgs / hr, up to 1970

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: LC300 AV3

No. of Machines: 20
Delivery Speed: 76 mt/min

PURPOSE OF CARDING

 Cleaning or elimination of impurities.

 To open the flocks into individual fibers.
 Reduction of naps.
 Elimination of dust.
 Elimination of short fibers.
 Fiber blending.
 Fiber orientation or alignment.
 sliver formation
 DRAWING

INTRODUCTION

The sliver from the carding section is combined

together to form one dense sliver. The process is called
as Doubling One for Six (DO/6). It means 6 slivers are
taken together to form one sliver which is the input for
the formation of laps.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: Lakshmi Reiter

No. of Machines: 2

Drafting arrangement: 3 over 3

Type of weighing: Pnuematic Loaded

High delivery speed: upto 500 mts/min

Production: upto 360 kg

MAIN OBJECTIVES

 To straighten the fibers and make them parallel

 To improve uniformity

 To improve evenness
PROCESS PARAMETER

1. Flexibility: The pneumatically loaded 3-cylinder

pressure bar drafting arrangement feed table for can

size of 600 x 1100 mm (24''x42'' makes the processing

of noels as well as fibers of a staple length upto 75 mm

possible Controlled positive sliver)

2. Sliver Compression: Sliver compression before

coiling increases can content

3. Automatic can change: Increases the efficiency of

the machine

4. Cleanliness: Dust extraction improves working

condition Doubling 6 for 1.

 LAP FORMER

INTRODUCTION

Lap former machines form the lap from the sliver of

desired fineness and weight. The D/F slivers are

drafted and wound into a lap. 8--‐12 slivers are fed into

drafting arrangement from both sides and these are

drafted in drafting system to produce fleeces. These are

then drawn into the lap head by the calendar rolls which

compresses its strongly to form a lap sheet (batt). This

is then wound onto a tube by the lap rolls and lap roller

flanges. When tube is full it is automatically changed for

an empty one.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: Lakshmi UNIlap (LH--‐10 & LE4/1a)

No. of Machines: 2

Delivery speed: up to 120 mts/min

Batt weight: up to 80 gms/mt

Time to complete one lap: 2.5 min

 COMBING

INTRODUCTION

Combing is the operation in which the short fibers in the

cotton are removed so that the final yarn appearance

and strength of the yarn is improved. It is optional as

per the end-use of the yarn.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: --‐ Lakshmi REITER E--‐65 and LK 54

Number of machines: --‐ 6

Capacity: --‐ 3000--‐5000mtr

PROCESS & OBJECTIVES

Combing is a process which is meant for upgrading the

cotton raw material so that the following yarn properties

will improve compared to the normal carded yarn.

• Tenacity

• Gms/tex

• Trash in the yarn

• Luster

• Visual appearance Slivers from carding section can

go either directly to Finisher Drawing through

Breaker Drawing or through Uni Lap/Comber to

Finisher Drawing.
 FINISHER DRAW FRAME

INTRODUCTION

Principal of doubling and drafting at draw frame. Study of fiber arrangements in the

carded and drawing slivers.

Working of draw frames and function of different section of draw frame. Draft and its

distribution. Roller weighting system, Pneumatic weighting system.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: Trutzschler D--‐40 & TD--‐03

No. of machines: 3

PROCESS & OBJECTIVES

1. Used for weight control to form products of fine quality.

2. To contribute towards doubling and draft of the combed material and to change

hooks disposition.

3. To straighten the fibers and to make them parallel.

4. To improve uniformity and evenness (homogenous sliver structure).

 SPEED FRAME

INTRODUCTION

The draft given at the roving frame reduces the linear

density of the drawn sliver into a less thick strand of
fibres suitable as an input to the ring frame. This roving
which is fed to the ring frame can then be easily
converted into a yarn by giving a draft of 15 to 40.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: Lakshmi LFS 1660 Simplex

No. of spindles: 120 spindles

No. of machines: 4 machines

Delivery rate: up to 50 m/min

MACHINES SPECIFICATION

Count: 0.7 Ne (running)

Twist per Inch: 1.21 TPI (running)

Production Rate: 21.3 MT/min (roving)

Machine Efficiency: 75.1%

PROCESS & OBJECTIVES

1. To draft the draw--‐frame sliver to make roving

2. To impart necessary twist to the roving

3. To wind the roving on the bobbin for ring frame

machine
 RING FRAME

INTRODUCTION

The roving bobbins of the speed frame are brought to

and crewed on ring frame. These machines convert the

roving into yarn. These machines further attenuate and

draft the roving to the desired thickness of yarn, which

is then wound on bobbins.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: LR6 R/frs with ELITE Attachments

No. of Machine: 16 ring frame

PROCESS & OBJECTIVES

1. To attenuate the roving to get the desired fineness.

2. To insert the required twist to provide sufficient

strength.

3. To form a suitable package of required dimension for

subsequent processing.
 WINDING

INTRODUCTION

Winding is one of the most important operation, which

is mainly occurred in spinning section. Besides, it is
also important in fabric manufacturing. The creation of
large yarn packages that can be easily unwound, is
called winding.
For warp winding → Cone, cheese, flanged bobbin.
For weft winding → Pirn, cop.

MACHINES AVAILABLE

Machine: Autoconer-338 with Uster Quantum clearer2

No. of Machines: 5

PROCESS & OBJECTIVES

1. To form a suitable bigger package with continuous

length

2. To clear objectionable faults

3. To clear excessively weak spots in the yarn by

tensioning

4. High degree of tension is not given as it can lead to

loss of elongation of yarn.

 CONDITIONING

OBJECTIVES

1. Twist setting of the final yarn.

2. To let the material reach required moisture regains

value so that the company does not suffer commercial

losses.

MACHINES SPECIFICATION

Machine: CONTEXX or Xorella AG

Heating medium: Saturated steam

Power Consumption: 150kW

Working pressure: 1 to 3 bar

Starting temperature: 400 C

Maximum conditioning time: 12 hrs.

Efficiency: 70--‐75%
 PACKING

TYPES

After conditioning, the material is packed according to

the customer’s demand.

There are two ways of packing:

1. Carton packing

2. Pallet packing

SIZE

Carton Packing

1. Normal Size •
 Dimension: 655 mm x 460 mm x 515 mm
 Capacity: 18 cones
 Headed to other countries
2. Maha-Bali Lot
 Dimension: 640 mmx 480 mmx 350 mm
 Capacity: 24 cones
 Headed to Japan

Pallet Packing

1. Normal Size •
 Dimension: 1150 mm x 790 mm
 For 1.89 kg cones: 24 layers x 13 cones
2. Maha-Bali Lot
 Dimension: 1150 mm x 1150 mm
 For 2.5 kg cones: 25 layers x 13 cones
 For 1.89 kg cones: 36 layer x 13 cones
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AT ARVIND

 Optimizing usage of cotton, energy, chemicals & water.

 Adopting preventive strategies to reduce the generation of
effluents.
 Air emissions.
 Maintaining a safe working environment.
 Increasing the green cover.
 Training employees on environmental issues

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Sangam(India) ltd. has switched from liquid fuel to natural gas for
all their heating & steam requirements in order to avoid air
pollution.

WATER TREATMENT

Sangam(India) ltd. also possesses chemical, biological treatment

facilities to treat 1000m/day of effluents to meet the pollution
control board norms.
 LEARNINGS

Sangam is the best platform to learn how quality and quantity is

maintained at the same time. That’s the reason we joined the mill for our
first internship. We learn a lot in our 14 days internship.

Ring dying process in denim was the best part of our learning as it was
the process of great curiosity. Our mentor told and explains the whole
process and clarified on the process. Also we saw the only machine in
Asia that is “cone to beam converter”. It converts the cone to beam and
vice-versa. So we can use this machine with every machine and can
produce output in any type of format.

Also we came to know about some new finishing techniques like arrow
finish which is given to provide softness to fabric. We got the opportunity
to see the latest technology machines in the mill like drawing and carding
machines which is able to reduce the manpower up to 8 persons per
machine.

Our whole internship was full of learning and it teaches us how quality is
Preserved with quantity.

We got chance to an industry full of dedicated workers.