^PXFK FCF\P R [P ^B@CXE

Xer= Mufo Mesâ W`jf
@o af s`juonf cbtfn n`a sbjae TWBBB `a X`rý keotbouflf sb`one uof sekb`nfn
n`p`onb`ot`9 keo nela` n`p`on`okbf, pu`s oe sûae vbvãf sum`te f af necbofkbûo n`
@spföf sboe f af v`z s` dfaaflf, bonbr`ktfc`ot`, n`lfme n` etrfs ofkbeo`s `urep`fs.
Af kfusf `rf sbcpa`= `a cuone dbspæobke selr`vbvãf lfme uof r`aftbvf sum`kbûo
`keoûcbkf f afs ou`vfs pet`okbfs cuonbfa`s.
@o `s` X`rý, af r`fabnfn sekbfa `rf cuy fnv`rsf pfrf afs jrfon`s cfyerãfs, pu`ste
qu` sugrãfo uo cýatbpa` yuje= `keoûcbke, peaãtbke, rfkbfa y kuaturfa. Fsb`ote n` tr`s
rfzfs, flerbj`o, `urep`f y fgrbkfof, cæs sus kfstfs, `a X`rý keaeobfa n`vboe `o uof
sekb`nfn `xtr`cfnfc`ot` bomustf, `sp`kbfac`ot` pfrf aes bonbes y aes c`stbzes
eskures. Af cbtf, `a trblute, `a peojfm`, aes elrfm`s, `a rfkbsce y af epr`sbûo,
fpafstflfo f `stfs cfyerãfs9 af `skafvbtun p`sflf selr` jrfo pfrt` n` af pelafkbûo
o`jrf. Aes c`stbzes kafres, zfcles, cuaftes y trbjbobes sugrãfo nbv`rsfs
nbskrbcbofkbeo`s y sûae jezflfo
jezflfo n` p`qu`öf kecp`osfkbûo fa eprbcbr f aes bonbes.
@o kufote f aes krbeaaes, sugrãfo uof pr`t`rbkbûo kfnf nãf cfyer n` pfrt` n` aes
`spföea`s. @rf `a X`rý uo kecpa`me pfoerfcf n` kafs`s, kfstfs, `stfc`otes,
`strftes y kuaturfs.

Af pelafkbûo p`rufof sûae sucflf faje cæs n` uo cbaaûo n` dflbtfot`s, kece

keos`ku`okbf n` `oerc`s fcputfkbeo`s j`ejrægbkfs y tfclbâo f kfusf n` af
`xtr`cfnf cerlbabnfn n` af `oerc` cfyerãf n` af pelafkbûo. Af tfsf n` af
certfabnfn `rf cuy `a`vfnf n`lbne f gercfs cuy fk`otufnfs n` `xpaetfkbûo
`ocfrkfnfs `o uo fate use n` kekf y fakedea y lfmãsbce keo suce n` prenuktes
fabc`otbkbes. @a k`ose n` 6:2< a`vfotfne per `a Wbrr`y Jba n` ^flefnf y A`cus, nbe
af kbgrf n` 6‒8:7,6<< pelafner`s, p`re f âstes kflrãf fjr`jfr cukdf j`ot` n` af
s`avf, nbgãkba sb`cpr` n` ulbkfr fncbobstrftbvfc`ot`. N` tenes cenes, selr` af
kfotbnfn s`öfafnf r`suatf bcpr`skbonbla` foetfr qu` s` kecpeoãf n` uoes kb`ote
tr`botfs`bs cba `spföea`s y krbeaaes (sbo qu` s` pu`nf r`jbstrfr uo aãcbt` k`rt`re n`
`stes nes jrupes)9 kfsb nes kb`otes kufr`otfkboke cba kdeaes (cæs n` bonbes qu`
krbeaaes) y c`stbzes (cæs krbeaaes qu` bonbes, af cboerãf)9 k`rkf n` s`bskb`otes nb`z
cba bonbes (pr`g`r`ot`c`ot` qu`kdufs, frcfrfs, yuojfs y puqubofs, `o `st`
ern`o)9 uoes kufr`otf cba `skafves o`jres9 cæs n` kufr`otf cba zfcles, cuaftes y
trbjbobes. @a X`rý r`suatflf uo cesfbke n` kea`ktbvbnfn`s. @o tfo nbv`rsbgbkfnf
sekb`nfn, fpr`kbfo fajuoes peaes cfrkfnes= Abcf `rf uof n` afs kbunfn`s cæs
jrfon`s y epua`otfs n`a cuone ekkbn`otfa y fal`rjflf cæs o`jres qu` kfsb tenfs
afs n`a Ægrbkf9 `otr` tfote, `o af Fcfzeoãf, n`k`ofs n` cba`s n` s`avãkeafs vbvãfo
kfsb `o tetfa futeoecãf, n`otre n` uof r`cetf pr`dbsterbf supârstbt` dfstf `ses
föes n`a sbjae TWBBB. @sf flbjfrrfnf sekb`nfn s` `xpr`sflf `o s`bs bnbecfs
nbg`r`ot`s, sbo keotfr aes n` afs muojafs. @o kufote f bostbtukbeo`s y vbnf `keoûcbkf,
pr`necboflf uo pfa`ekfpbtfabsce, selr` uof sekb`nfn c`nbe g`unfa qu`, pfrf
keace, keot`oãf gu`rt`s bokrustfkbeo`s n` `skafvbsce.
Xer etre afne, `a t`rrbterbe n`a X`rý dflãf sugrbne jrfv`s c`rcfs qu` nföflfo af
`keoecãf bot`rof y dfstf su pr`stfokbf vbrr`bofa ` bokfbkf. C`rk`n f af kr`fkbûo n`
aes Wbrr`boftes n` Ou`vf Jrfofnf y n`a \ãe n` af Xaftf, `a X`rý dflãf p`rnbne kfsb
tenf [unfcârbkf @spföeaf. A`mfoes `stflfo aes tb`cpes `o qu` s` fgbrcflf ‑ae qu`

6
 

oe `s Câmbke, `s `a X`rý–9 y pfrf c`nbr af jrfv`nfn n` `stes r`kert`s, lfstfræ

bonbkfr qu` dfstf afs, kecfrkfs qu` fktufac`ot` keostbtuy`o `a N`pfrtfc`ote n`
Xuoe dflãfo sbne frr`lftfnfs f af sel`rfoãf vbrr`bofa p`rufof.
Gfkter`s n` krbsbs qu` fg`ktflfo f tenes aes p`rufoes fpfrt` n` af grfjc`otfkbûo
n`a fotbjue vbrr`bofte, `rfo af n`kfn`okbf j`o`rfa n` tenfs afs fktbvbnfn`s
`keoûcbkfs (cbo`rãf n` paftf, elrfm`s t`xtba`s, kec`rkbe)9 uof ou`vf peaãtbkf
trblutfrbf qu` fg`ktflf `a keomuote n` afs kafs`s sekbfa`s, kece keo s`ku`okbf n` afs
r`gercfs lerlûobkfs qu` `cp`zfreo f `m`kutfrs`, `o 6::29 R af j`o`rfabzfkbûo `
bot`osbgbkfkbûo n` af `xpaetfkbûo y n` af n`p`on`okbf.
Etres d`kdes fg`ktflfo f tfa e kufa s`kter n`a pfãs y f af pfr af `stflbabnfn n`a
@stfne Wbrr`bofa= f) af s`jr`jfkbûo n` aes krbeaaes n`a pen`r bot`roe prec`nbfone `a
sbjae TWBBB, nbscbouyû ae qu` Merj` Lfsfnr` df aafcfne `a ‑s`cbjelb`roe n` af
frbstekrfkbf krbeaaf–9 l) af n`kfn`okbf n`a pen`r kfkbquba n`otre n` afs `strukturfs
keaeobfa`s, f afs kufa`s dflãf s`rvbne kece keotrea bot`roe y kece bot`rc`nbfrbe
keo afs pelafkbeo`s flerãj`o`s9 k) `a r``cpafze n` aes kfkbqu`s qu`kdufs y
frcfrfs per c`stbzes y, `v`otufac`ot`, dfstf per krbeaaes9 n) `a n`sfrreaae n`a
pen`rãe n` aes Kerr`jbner`s `o aes Fon`s y af fpfrbkbûo n` uof ævbnf lurekrfkbf
c`oer abjfnf f `aaes.
@o sucf, `rf `a X`rý uo pfãs fjelbfne per jrfv` krbsbs `keoûcbkf, sekbfa y peaãtbkf9
fsbcbsce y `s epertuoe r`cfrkfrae fakfozfrãf f lu`of pfrt` n` aes nbrbj`ot`s n` af
sekb`nfn vbrr`bofa, `xt`onb`one su bogau`okbf o`gfstf selr` tene f s`kter`s c`nbes
`spföea`s y krbeaaes. Wbkterboe Ceot`re, uoe n` aes cæs sfjfk`s els`rvfner`s
krbeaaes n`a sbjae TWBBB, dule n` epbofr= ‑@a X`rý `s uo pfãs neon` tene r`spbrf
`skafvbtun y s` dfk` tbrfoãf n` af A`y`s– y `a tãtuae n`a ablre qu` `skrblbû oe pu`n`
s`r cæs `xpr`sbve= ‑@stfne peaãtbke n`a \`boe n`a X`rý, jelb`roe sbo a`y`s, cbobstres
r`afmfnes, t`seres keo pelr`zf, g`rtbabnfn sbo kuatbve, sflbnurãf n`s`stbcfnf, cbabkbf
sbo deoer, kbunfn`s sbo fcer pftrbkbe, af mustbkbf sbo t`cpae, durtes per kec`rkbe,
bot`jrbnfn t`obnf per aekurf–.
Gu` keotrf `st` X`rý vbrr`bofa n`kfn`ot` qu` s` fazû ^ýpfk Fcfru9 keotrf `s` X`rý
‑r`boe abl`rtboe y vbkbese–, kece ae kfabgbkfreo sus keot`cperæo`es cæs kuates.
^b`cpe dfkãf qu` uo baustr` grfba` abc`öe, Lu`ofv`oturf n` [fabofs y Kûrnelf,
dflãf `skrbte qu` f p`sfr n` aes nbspesbtbves a`jfa`s, aes bonbes af `oerc` cfyerãf
n` aes p`rufoes `rfo ‑aes pfkãgbkes f qub`o`s n` keotboue s` nf ju`rrf, aes n`sounes
qu` vbst`o f aes v`stbnes, aes pelr`s qu` `orbqu`k`o f aes rbkes, aes dfclrb`otes qu`
sust`otfo y oe dfrtfo f tenes sus `o`cbjes9 Y...S f aes gfkbo`reses qu` fsu`afo f `stfs
 j`ot`s aes v`e deorf nes y pr`cbfnes Y...S kfnf kufa qub`r` s`r rbke y `a rbke ae qub`r`
s`r cæs–.

Af sbtufkbûo j`o`rfa n`a vbrr`bofte `rf krãtbkf. @a pfoerfcf, `o su keo muote oe

pr`s`otflf obojýo sbjoe pesbtbve n` `stflbabnfn. ^enes aes sãotecfs `rfo n`
pestrfkbûo y n`kfn`okbf.
Etres gfkter`s prepbkbes pfrf uo fazfcb`ote gu`reo af pr`s`okbf n` ou`vfs bn`fs
baucbobstfs `otr` fajuoes kãrkuaes9 af r`vfabnfkbûo n`a Bokfrbe `o `a s`oe n` jrupes
n` af kafs` kfkbquba, c`rk`n f aaff a`kturf n` Jfrkbafse9 `a r`ofkbcb`ote n` vfrbfs
trfnbkbeo`s bokfãstfs9 `a fpej`e vbrr`bofa `o aafs
fs frt`s y a`trfs9 `a fuc`ote n` af

<
 

n`aboku`okbf9 `a abl`rtbofm` y af grbveabnfn `o aes jrupes abc`öes9 fajuof vbnf n`

sfaûo keo prekabvbnfn bot`a`ktufa.
F obv`a n` af pelafkbûo, `s` X`rý n`a TWBBB v`ãf `a fuc`ote n` af n`osbnfn
n`cejrægbkf9 af cuatbpabkfkbûo n` af `sg`rf c`stbzf, netfnf yf n` uof surj`ot`
keokb`okbf ofkbeofa9 `a kr`kbcb`ote n` af bocbjrfkbûo `spföeaf, kuyes bot`jrfot`s
v`oãfo sb`cpr` f pesbkbeo`s necbofot`s9 af n`sbot`jrfkbûo n` af sekb`nfn n`
kfstfs, `ogr`otæones` kfnf v`z cæs tenes aes n`a X`rý keotrf aes `spföea`s9 `a
vbjerese n`sfrreaae n` af preperkbûo n` ‑bonbes gerfst`res–, e ‑bonbes ablr`s–,
bonbvbnues n`sfrrfbjfnes n` sus fyaaus qu` fa dubr n` cbtfs y trblutes keo
gr`ku`okbf s` keov`rtãfo `o `a`c`otes n` p`rturlfkbûo `o kbunfn`s, cbofs y
dfkb`onfs.
@o `a pafoe `keoûcbke, `a X`rý n` c`nbfnes n`a sbjae TWBBB pr`s`otflf uof c`zkaf
keogusf n` sbst`cfs9 aes s`kter`s cæs fvfozfnes vbvãfo `o uo pretekfpbtfabsce,
fcpfrfnes `o uo tenfvãf rbquãsbce kec`rkbe, y `o uof cbo`rãf n` `xpertfkbûo,
p`re keo uo trfsgeone g`unfa fonboe f af pfr, af boc`osf cfyerãf p`rufof vbvãf
n`otre n` bostbtukbeo`s kecuobtfrbfs `o aes fyaaus9 `xbstãf `xkafvbsce o`jre y f af
v`z jrupes kea`ktbvbstfs `o afs s`avfs, sbtufkbûo tenf qu` veavãf `xtr`cfnfc`ot`
nbgãkba dfaafr gûrcuafs vbrr`bofa`s n` c`merf ofkbeofa bot`jrfa, pu`ste qu` kfnf
s`kter luskflf su prepbf seaukbûo. Af fk`otufkbûo n` aes flerr`kbnes \`pfrtes
C`rkfotba`s fjunbzflf lu`of pfrt` n` `st` kufnre fa p`rmunbkfr sbcuatæo`fc`ot` f
vfrbes jrupes, cæs `xpaetfnes qu` fot`s perqu` af nbscboukbûo r`kb`ot` n`a pfse
n` `m`rkbkbes n`a kfrje n` Kerr`jbner dfkãf qu` s` bot`osbgbkfrf9 cfa`s tenes qu`
r`kfãfo `s`okbfac`ot` selr` af pelafkbûo futûkteof, lfstfot` nföfnf yf keo cbtfs
y etrfs kfrjfs trblutfrbfs.
Fsbcbsce, `a c`rkfne p`rufoe s` dfaaflf ftblerrfne n` prenuktes `urep`es,
cfrkfnfc`ot` `spföea`s. X`er tenfvãf, kb`rtfs r`jbeo`s surfonbofs pr`s`otflfo
uo kufnre fýo cæs fjune. Af prevbokbf n` Ifofs, tb`rrf n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, s`
dfaaflf `otr` afs cæs dfclrb`otfs= aes bonbes n` Ifofs `rfo aes qu` cæs sugrãfo
keo af cbtf n` Xetesã per s`r qub`o`s cæs nbstfokbf t`oãfo qu` kulrbr pfrf fakfozfr
`ses yfkbcb`otes.
Fk`rkæones` 6:48 dflãf sbne oeclrfne Kerr`jbner `o Ifofs `a `spföea Foteobe
n` Frrbfjf,n`qub`o
`xpaetfkbûo qubotupabkû
aes r`pfrtes sus prepbes bojr`ses c`nbfot` uof bousufa
c`rkfotba`s.
ME[Â JFL\B@A ^ÝXFK FCF\P, BOKF -\@R N@A X@\Ý
@a preouokbfcb`ote qu` `a`vû f Mesâ Jflrb`a Keonerkfoqub, aafcfne ^ýpfk Fcfru,
f af m`rfrquãf n` vbrtufa ceofrkf n`a X`rý y n` lu`of pfrt` n`a r`ste n` Fcârbkf,
ekurrbû `o af tfrn` n`a > n` oevb`clr` n` 6:48. @a fazfcb`ote s` bobkbû keo af
kfpturf n`a Kerr`jbner
Kerr`jbner n` ^botf, Kereo`a Foteobe n` Frrbfjf, `o `a kfcboe n`
Rfofekf.
Fa gr`ot` n` uo jrupe n` c`stbzes `cleskfnes, ^ýpfk Fcfru sfabû ‑fa pfse n`a
Kerr`jbner9 âst`, fa r`pfrfr `o `a ftfqu`, `sjrbcbû su pbsteaf, p`re uo frrb`re a`
`kdû afze y ae n`rrblû n` af kflfajfnurf fot`s n` qu` punb`s` nbspfrfr. Fa cbsce
tb`cpe s` kfpturû tfclbâo fa s`kr`tfrbe n`a Kerr`jbner y fajuoes `skafves o`jres
qu` a` dfkãfo `skeatf. Au`je ‑gu`reo keonukbnes f uo sbtbe fpfrtfne n`a kfcboe y

;
 

faaã Keonerkfoqub aes n`mû fcfrrfnes, keo fp`rkblbcb`ote n` cftfraes fa prbc`r

jrbte–. Fa nãf sbjub`ot` aa`vû fa bcpertfot` kfutbve f ^uojfsukf neon` qu`nû
`ok`rrfne `o `a sûtfoe n` af kfsf n`a m`g` r`l`an`, cb`otrfs kdfsqubs n` f pb` y n` f
kflfaae `rfo n`spfkdfnes fouokbfone f aes keomurfnes `a `stfaabne n`a cevbcb`ote.
Jrfo sbjbae ren`û f tenes `stes fktes ae kufa a` p`rcbtbû f ^ýpæk Fcfre c`nbfot`
kfrtfs grfjufnfs, r`uobr f vfrbes n` aes fncbobstrfner`s n`a Kerr`jbcb`ote y f
etrfs p`rseofs, tr`tf keo af qu` pune fnu`öfrs` n`a frs`ofa n` ^botf, keosbst`ot`
`o cæs n` s`t`otf gusba`s y etrfs frcfs, fsã kece n` cæs n` tr`botf cba p`ses.
@otr`tfote, bot`rkfclbflf fajuoes c`osfm`s, fa pfr`k`r keo p`rseofm`s
keogfluafnes `o `a Kuzke, `otr` aes kufa`s qubzæ `stuve `a Elbspe neo Cfou`a n`
Ceskese, krbeaae cuy rbke y oela`, qub`o dflãf n`stfkfne kece `okeofne fotb
`spföea y tfclbâo kece `o`cbje n`a Kerr`jbner Frrbfjf, f qub`o aa`jû f
`xkecuajfr.
@a 68 `a Kerr`jbner gu` fderkfne `o af pafzf n` ^uojfsukf. @s` nãf `a kfkbqu`,
keov`rtbne yf `o Bokf, pfsû r`vbstf f sus trepfs, fr`ojæoneafs `o qu`kduf tfclbâo
dflaû f af cuatbtun uo sfk`rnet`, Ban`geose L`mfrfoe. [` v`ãfo lfstfot`s krbeaaes y
c`stbzes `otusbfstfs `o af pafzf. Fot` cukdes n`a aujfr, af nræstbkf c`nbnf gu`
mustbgbkfnf f trfvâs n` af tr`tf n` qu` s` pes`ãf uof ern`o n`a \`y n` @spföf pfrf
cftfr f aes Kerr`jbner`s y suprbcbr fluses.

F pfrtbr n` `st` cec`ote, surjbû uo ou`ve m`g` n` @stfne qu` `cp`zû f jel`rofr
kece Bokf y kece \`y selr` jrfo pfrt` n` aes Fon`s.
@st` ou`ve \`y Bokf tuve abofm` n` aes `cp`rfner`s kusqu`öes. [u flea`oje s`
r`ceotflf nbr`ktfc`ot` fa ýatbce n` aes r`y`s n` Wbakflfclf. Aa`vflf keo fatbv`z
`a fok`stre n` ^ýpfk Fcfre B, qu` fneptû ` dbze r`keoek`r, oeclr` qu` `rf `a
sãcleae n` uof kfstf r`fa kfsb `xtbotf. Gu` jrfkbfs f `stf fakurobf qu` pune nfr aes
pfses bobkbfa`s pfrf uof r`l`abûo n` tfo vfstfs preperkbeo`s kece af qu` fkfunbaaû,
pfsfone jrfkbfs f su frreme y dflbabnfn n` cen`ste kurfkf f kr`fr uof ceofrquãf
`o s`öerães `xt`onbnes selr` t`rrbterbes p`rt`o`kb`ot`s `oteok`s f tr`s vbrr`boftes
y fderf f s`bs r`pýlabkfs.
Xfrf fakfozfr `st` elm`tbve, Keonerkfoqub dflãf `g`ktufne uo jrfo trflfme pr`vbe9
prbokbpfac`ot` nfr f keoek`r f obv`a kea`ktbve af vbj`okbf n` sus tãtuaes oelbabfrbes
y elt`o`r `a r`keoekbcb`ote n` sus n`r`kdes fa kfkbkfzje gfcbabfr selr` [urbcfof,
^uojfsukf y Xfcpfcfrkf. Xest`rberc`ot`, lr`jû per `a r`keoekbcb`ote n` sus
tãtuaes bokfbkes bcp`rbfa`s, ae kufa yf keostbtuyû pfrt` n`a vfste prey`kte peaãtbke
s`nbkbese qu` trfãf `otr` cfoes.
Fofabzfone `a prela`cf n`a âogfsbs j`o`faûjbke n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `a dbsterbfner
Medo \ew` df r`cfrkfne qu` ‑pfrf qu` uo cevbcb`ote t`ojf cukdf `xt`osbûo
t`rrbterbfa y oýc`re n` fnd`r`ot`s `s pr`kbse qu` `xbstfo nbrbj`ot`s n` futerbnfn
r`keoekbnf–. Xer `aae fjr`jf ‑puote bot`r`sfot` `s af bogau`okbf n`a pa`bte selr`
 j`o`faejãf pu`ste per Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru keotrf aes L`tfokeur, `o af
 pr`pfrfkbûo n` af r`l`abûo n` 6:48. Mesâ Jflrb`a d`r`nû `a kfkbkfzje n` [urbcfof,
Xfcpfcfrkf y ^uojfsukf y keo tfa kfkbkfzje uof pesbkbûo sekbfa r`sp`tfla`, p`re oe
selr`sfab`ot` `otr` aes n`cæs kfkbqu`s. Dule cukde n` erjuaae y `jeãsce `otr` aes
kurfkfs, ae qu` a`s nbgbkuatû pfrf fabfrs` keotrf aes `spföea`s9 y sb fajuoe n` `aaes blf
f pr`s`otfrs` kece `a kfunbaae n` tenes, t`onrãf qu` cestrfr c`mer tãtuae qu` `a n` uo

>
 

kfkbkfzje prevbokbfa. Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru pes`yû `a c`mer tãtuae pesbla` pfrf
tfa`s pr`t`osbeo`s–,

@s` c`mer tãtuae `a n` Bokf gu` `a qu` a` nbe bo nbskutbnf prbcfkãf selr` aes n`cæs
frbstûkrftfs oftbves9 y tfclbâo `oerc` r`sp`tflbabnfn fot` afs kea`ktbvbnfn`s. [u
`cp`öe `o qu` s` ae r`keoekb`s` kece n`sk`onb`ot` n` aes Bokfs keostbtuãf per fsã
n`kbrae uo v`rnfn`re n`l`r r`veaukbeofrbe, n`otre n` afs kbrkuostfokbfs keokr`tfs
n` af âpekf.
AF BN@EAEJBF N@ ^ÝXFK FCF\P
Af bn`eaejãf n` ^ýpfk Fcfru pu`n` s`r `stunbfnf n`sn` aes æojuaes peaãtbke y
`keoûcbke9 `o sucf, luskflf af bon`p`on`okbf n`a X`rý y af mustbkbf sekbfa. @otr`
aes sust`otes bn`eaûjbkes n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `o `a ær`f peaãtbkf s` pu`n`o s`öfafr aes
sbjub`ot`s= [`pfrftbsce, Ceofrqubsce, Bot`jrbsce. Mustbkbf [ekbfa y Krbstbfobsce.
@a s`pfrftbsce sbjobgbkflf `a recpbcb`ote keo @spföf, af abl`rfkbûo n`a X`rý n` af
tut`af dbspæobkf, keok`pte p`rcfo`ot` `o tenes aes d`kdes n` af sula`vfkbûo, f
p`sfr n` qu` `a Bokf `o fajuoes nekuc`otes faunbû nbr`ktf e bonbr`ktfc`ot` f
Kfraes BBB, per rfzeo`s tæktbkfs vfrbfla`s. Fa r`sp`kte, `s sustfokbfa `stfla`k`r qu`
aes pfrtbnfrbes y aes `o`cbjes n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `o t`onb`reo af r`l`abûo kece
rupturf keo @spföf.

@a ceofrqubsce sbjobgbkflf af r`stfurfkbûo n`a pen`r Bokf `o `a X`rý p`re lfme

ou`vfs gercfs9 `xpr`sfone `a nufabsce læsbke n` af sekb`nfn p` rufof `rf `a Bokf
\`y y kece tfa tenes ae trftflfo `o aes kfcpfc`otes r`l`an`s. N`otre n` cean`s
v`rtbkfac`ot` frbstekrætbkes tfclbâo s` r`sp`tflf f sus gfcbabfr`s.
@a bot`jrbsce sbjobgbkflf af gusbûo `o uo ‑ku`rpe– n` @stfne n` tenfs afs rfzfs y
kfstfs qu` keogercflfo `a X`rý n` `oteok`s9 f ofnb` `xkauyû per rfzûo n` keaer,
p`s` f aes pr`mubkbes rfkbstfs qu` tfote nföflfo f af sekb`nfn keaeobfa.
Af mustbkbf sekbfa sbjobgbkflf af r`fabzfkbûo n` preguonfs r`gercfs y fuo n` kfclbes
qu` pu`n`o s`r kfabgbkfnes n` r`veaukbeofrbes9 `a Bokf `rf uo declr` `cp`öfne `o
`a ‑lb`o kecýo–, grfs` qu` usf keostfot`c`ot` y `o tfa gercf fktuflf kece
‑dufkkdfkuyfk–, fcfot` n` aes o`k`sbtfnes, `o af c`mer trfnbkbûo jfrkbafsbfof. [`
r`jbstrû kb`rte ‑pepuabsce–, `o erbjbofa v`rsbûo fonbof n` fajuoes fsp`ktes n`a
n`spetbsce baustrfne `urep`e.
@a krbstbfobsce sbjobgbkflf af vbj`okbf n` prbokbpbes `vfojâabkes pfrf af r`fabzfkbûo
n` aes kfclbes prey`ktfnes.
@o sucf, `a Bokf fod`aflf uof utepãf, uof sekb`nfn mustf c`nbfot` af keokbabfkbûo
n` bot`r`s`s `xtr`cfnfc`ot` keotrfpu`stes9 `ste fa c`oes `s ae qu` s` n`nuk` n`
af nekuc`otfkbûo `xbst`ot`, p`re r`suatf bcpr`skbonbla` bosbstbr `o qu` aes d`kdes
bosurr`kkbeofa`s oe bonbkfo o`k`sfrbfc`ot` uof flseautf keos`ku`okbf keo af aão`f
bn`eaûjbkf.
N`a n`sfrreaae n` aes fkeot`kbcb`otes penrãf n`nukbrs` qu` ^ýpfk Fcfru t`oãf uo
‑pafo cãobce–, fpabkfla` n` boc`nbfte, y uo ‑pafo cæxbce9 pfrf `m`kutfrs` uof v`z
qu` trbuogfs` `a fazfcb`ote.

0
 

Afs nbg`r`okbfs `otr` aes elm`tbves boc`nbftes y c`nbftes n`a Bokf fgaerfo fýo keo
cæs kafrbnfn trftæones` n` prela`cfs `keoûcbkes. Wfrbes n` aes prey`ktes
fpfr`k`o bobkbfac`ot` ft`oufnes f kfusf n` af o`k`sbnfn n` sest`o`r `a ‑gr`ot`
ýobke– fot` @spföf, gr`ot` ýobke qu` elabjflf f n`t`rcbofnfs keokbabfkbeo`s keo
s`kter`s krbeaaes pen`reses.
@o kufaqub`r gercf, n`sn` uo bobkbe `a Bokf fpabkû uof peaãtbkf n` kfclbes rfnbkfa`s
`o ae tekfot` f afs kfstfs, aes r`pfrtes, aes elrfm`s, aes trblutes, af cbtf y af
`skafvbtun n` aes o`jres. Nbv`rsfs pesbkbeo`s gu`reo fneptfnfs per af nbrbj`okbf
r`l`an` `o ae r`afkbeofne keo afs tb`rrfs, afs cbofs y `a kec`rkbe. Af pesbkbûo
bn`eaûjbkf qu`nf f c`oune lerresf f kfusf n` qu`, per `a vbea`ote
n`s`okfn`ofcb`ote n` aes d`kdes, f v`k`s `a Bokf oe tuve cæs qu` fk`ptfr
fkkbeo`s precevbnfs per afs cuatbtun`s sula`vfnfs9 gu`reo fsã gr`ku`ot`s afs
ekupfkbeo`s n` tb`rrfs, af bouonfkbûo n` cbofs. @o kufote fa kec`rkbe, `a Bokf
sestuve uof aão`f n` pret`kkbûo f aes p`qu`öes y c`nbf oes kec`rkbfot`s, s`kter
keo `a kufa `stuve sb`cpr` lfstfot` vbokuafne.
N` tenes cenes, `xbst`o dey vfrbfs abcbtfkbeo`s pfrf keoek`r f geone af bn`eaejãf
n`a Bokf, perqu` gu` cukde cæs erfa qu` `skrbtf9 `ste `s, aes `a`c`otes bn`eaûjbkes
v`rt`lrfa`s keostfreo cæs `o fr`ojfs, prekafcfs y nbæaejes qu` `o kfrtfs y t`xtes.
Etrf abcbtfkbûo `cfof n`a d`kde qu` `sf bn`eaejãf `rf `xpr`sfnf sulstfokbfac`ot`
`o qu`kduf, fbcfrf y puqubof, y sûae n` cene ekfsbeofa gu` v`rtbnf per `skrbte fa
kfst`aafoe (keo afs n`gbkb`okbfs qu` uof trfnukkbûo pu`n` r`v`stbr `o `a fm`tr`e
bosurr`kkbeofa, oe sb`cpr`, fn`cæs, keo af v`rsfkbûo o`k`sfrbf). Fsbcbsce, `s
keov`ob`ot` nbg`r`okbfr ae qu` `a Bokf p`osflf y r`s`rvflf pfrf sã y ae qu` penãf
r`fac`ot` `m`kutfr y fuo `xpr`sfr. Fktuflf âa `o c`nbe n` uof sekb`nfn keovuasf
kuyf kfrfkt`rãstbkf `s`okbfa `rf af `xpaetfkbûo, p`re n`otre n` uof r`n `xtr`cfnf
c`ot` kecpa`mf n` rfzfs, kafs`s, kuaturfs, `stfc`otes y sbst`cfs `keoûcbkes
nbg`r`ot`s. ^`oãf qu` s`r nbskr`te y dfstf r`s`rvfne. Nbrbjãf uo fazfcb`ote n`otre
n` uof sekb`nfn qu` t`ob`one ouc`reses jrupes nbg`r`okbfnes `o sus
fspbrfkbeo`s, oe r`suatflf s`okbaae aejrfr uof bn`eaejãf ked`r`ot` qu` gu`s`
fk`ptfnf uoæobc`ot` per tenes.
F kfusf n` af d`t`rej`o`bnfn sekbfa fonbof, dule nbg`r`okbfkbeo`s `o af fkkbûo= qu`
aa`jfreo f fakfozfr obv`a`s keotrfpu`stes, `sp`kbfac`ot` sb tecfces `o
keosbn`rfkbûo f aes aãn`r`s rfnbkfa`s, f v`k`s necbofot`s `o kb`rtfs ær`fs
j`ejrægbkfs. @stes ‑rfnbkfa`s– gu`reo n` nbv`rse tbpe= rfkbstfs (qu`rãfo `abcbofr
gãsbkfc`ot` f tenes aes qu` oe gu`s`o bonbes y n` d`kde fsã ae prfktbkflfo)9
fofrqubstfs (n`strukter`s n` aes c`nbes n` prenukkbûo kece v`ojfozf kea`ktbvf
`a`c`otfa)9 y gbofac`ot` aes kecuobtfrbstfs, qub`o`s fod`aflfo uof mustbkbf sekbfa
boc`nbftf f trfvâs n`a r`pfrte n` aes lb`o`s, sbo keo t`cpafr af o`k`sbnfn n` afs
fabfozfs sekbfa`s qu` `a Bokf v`ãf bcpr`skbonbla`s pfrf keonukbr `a prek`se n`
abl`rfkbûo.
Fsbcbsce, n`l`ces r`pfrfr `o qu` kfl` nbg`r`okbfr uo tfote af bn`eaejãf n`a
prepbe Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru, `a Bokf, n` afs bn`fs r`bofot`s f ae afrje n` af
r`veaukbûo y tfclbâo f ae afrje n` aes t`rrbterbes qu` kulrbû9 oe dule mfcæs
decej`o`bnfn tetfa y `o tene kfse p`rkblbces uof rfnbkfabzfkbûo sekbfa keo `a
n`kurse n`a tb`cpe `otr` `a > n` oevb`clr` n` 6:48 R muobe n` 6:4<, `o qu` aes
`mârkbtes vbrr`bofa`s fpafstfreo aes ýatbces lret`s n` af bosurrr`kkbûo.

7
 

Fsbcbsce, s` o`k`sbtf nbg`r`okbfr af bn`eaejãf n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, af n` aes jrupes

nbrbj`ot`s y af bn`eaejãf qu` `o gercf runbc`otfrbf `sjrbcãfo afs cfsfs r`l`an`s,
kfcp`sboes kfsb `o su tetfabnfn.
KFCXFÖF[ CBAB^F\@[ N@ ^ÝXFK FCF\P
F gbo n` `m`kutfr aes prey`ktes bosurr`kkbûofa`s, `a Bokf nbrbjbû vfrbfs kfcpföfs
cbabtfr`s, afs qu` s` fofabzfræo suk`sbvfc`ot` `o su n`s`oveavbcb`ote y
prey`kkbeo`s.
f) Af @xp`nbkbûo f Vubspbkfokdbs. Af kfpturf n`a Kerr`jbner Frrbfjf s` prenume `a
nãf > n` oevb`clr`9 su `m`kukbûo s` r`fabzû `aae. Nurfot` `ses s`bs nãfs, `a Bokf
fjufrnû `o vfoe d`kdes sulv`rsbves e fa c`oes aes fouokbf nes c`osfm`s n`
fpeye qu` n`lãfo s`ra` r`cbtbnes n`sn` `a Kuzke. Xer rfzeo`s oe gækbac`ot`
pr`kbsfla`s, obojýo nekuc`ote n`kbserbe aa`jû f ^uojfsukf9 aes keogfluafnes n`a
Kuzke `sp`kbfac`ot` aes krbeaaes oe fktufreo `o `stf epertuobnfn, f nbg`r`okbf n`
bonbes, krbeaaes y c`stbzes n` etrfs ær`fs j`ejrægbkfs qu` sã r`spfanfreo `a
preouokbfcb`ote.
Kece `a Bokf oe penãf cfot`o`r bocevbabzfnfs sus du`st`s, `o tfote fjufrnflf `a
fpeye n` af kbunfn n`a Kuzke nbspuse uo fvfok` selr` af v`kbof prevbokbf n`
Vubspbkfokdbs, rbkf `o tb`rrfs y elrfm`s. Gu` uof kfcpföf n` keot`obne sekbfa cæs
qu` cbabtfr, nfne `a cuatbtunbofrbe fpeye qu` r`kblbû `o su cfrkdf, n`nbkæones` f
prekafcfr af sula`vfkbûo, fsã kece f `m`kutfr nbv`rses fktes qu` tenes s`otãfo n`
mustbkbf sekbfa, tfa`s kece n`cea`r elrfm`s y r`pfrtbr n`t`rcbofnes lb`o`s f aes
pelafner`s n` `sf kbrkuoskrbpkbûo, fsã kece f sus prepbes seanfnes y kfpbtfo`s.
@a Bokf tecû Xecfkfokdbs9 ekupû au`je Vubqubmfof y Xfrfpuqube. @otr` tfote, `a
Kerr`jbner n` af prevbokbf duãf fa Kuzke y nflf af oetbkbf n`a fazfcb`ote. @o teroe
f af sula`vfkbûo ofnf s` dflãf sflbne `o afs `sg`rfs vbrr`bofa`s n` af kbunfn f kfusf
n`a sbjbae flseaute keo qu` dflãf prek`nbne `a m`g` r`l`an`.
@a Bokf r`teroû f ^uojfsukf uof v`z ekupfnf cbabtfrc`ot` kfsb tenf af prevbokbf
qubspbkfokdbof. @o su fan`f -kfpbtfa prek`nbû f n`kr`tfr af abl`rtfn n` aes `skafves
o`jres qu` gu`s`o n` prepb`nfn n` `spföea`s, sb`cpr` y kufone s` bokerperfs`o fa
`mârkbte bosurr`kkbeofa a. 
a.  Xer `ses nãfs, s`jýo kæakuaes n` t`stbjes qu` pu`n`o
muzjfrs` lfstfot` s`jures, `a `mârkbte n`a Bokf sucflf uoes kuftre cba bonbes y
uoes cba c`stbzes <.
@a 60 r`cbtbû uo c`osfm` fcbstese f tenes aes n`a Kuzke9 oe tuve r`spu`stf. F
p`sfr n` aes âxbtes s`juãf af gfatf n` bogercfkbeo`s keokr`tfs `o teroe f af cfrkdf
n` af keomurf `o `sf kbunfn y vboe fsã af s`juonf `sp`rf n` ^uojfsukf, kfacf lr`v`
qu` s` recpbû fa r`kblbrs` oetbkbfs n`a v`aez fvfok` n` uof `xp`nbkbûo vbrr`bofa
kuzqu`öf. @o r`fabnfn, af Muotf n` Ju`rrf dflãf prek`nbne keo k`a`rbnfn f
erjfobzfr af r`sbst`okbf. Dule qu` fktufr n` boc`nbfte `o af kert` n`a Bokf perqu`
`a `o`cbje s` dfaaflf yf f c`nbe kfcboe, per af vãf n` [fojfrfrf.
@a Bokf n`kbnbû fn`afotfrs` f gbo n` kertfr af eg`osbvf qu` kfsb tekflf f afs pu`rtfs
n` sus kfkbkfzjes. Xfrf `stf gbofabnfn aa`vû keosbje tenf af j`o t` frcfnf qu` aejrû
fkepbfr y s`jýo fajuofs v`rsbeo`s (afs n` af Muotf n` Ju`rrf n`a Kuzke,
pfrtbkuafrc`ot`), `sfs c`sofnfs aa`jfreo f sucfr uofs v`bot` cba p`rseofs. @o

:
 

v`rnfn, gu`reo cukde c`oes, p`re `se sã `a pen` rãe ou`ve n`a Bokf s` dflrãf n`
oetfr keo af pr`s`okbf n` ‑fajuoes c`stbzes qu` cfo`mflfo gusba`s y `skep`tfs– ;.
\`trek`nfces uoes nãfs keo `a elm`te n` fofabzfr af pfrtbnf n` af `xp`nbkbûo
vbrr`bofa erjfobzfnf per af Muotf n` Ju`rrf n`a Kuzke.
LF^FAAF N@ [FOJF\F\F
Fa r`kblbrs` `o `a Kuzke af oetbkbf n`a fazfcb`ote n` ^ýpfk Fcfru kuonb`reo vfrbfs
v`rsbeo`s, fajuofs n` afs kufa`s oe `xbcãfo fa Elbspe Mufo Cfou`a n` Ceskese n`
s`r fobcfner e kûcpabk` n` ae suk`nbne keo `a Kerr`jbner Frrbfjf. @o kufaqub`r
gercf qu` dulb`s` sbne, aes vbrr`bofa`s cæs r`kfakbtrfot`s oe muzjfreo `a
cevbcb`ote n`a Bokf tfo gu`rt` kece pfrf oe fpafstfrae keo rfpbn`z. Xfrf tfa gbo, af
Muotf n` Ju`rrf n` af kbunfn nbspuse af gercfkbûo n` uo ku`rpe n` cæs n`
ekdekb`otes seanfnes, `otr` `spföea`s, krbeaaes, c`stbzes ` bonbes, nbrbjbnes `stes
ýatbces per `a kfkbqu` [fdufrfurf.
@qubpfnfs afs du`st`s vbrr`bofa`s keo gusba`s, sfla`s y afozfs, `a `mârkbte sfabû n`a
Kuzke aa`vfone per m`g` f G`rofone Kflr`rf, `a Kerr`jbner n` Vubspbkfokdbs9 `otr`
etres egbkbfa`s blf `a `spföea ^blurkbe Afonf, n` oeclrfnãf `o af r`jbûo. @o uo
prbokbpbe, oe s` kr`yû prun`ot` tfo pr`kbpbtfnf `xp`nbkbûo, t`cbâones` qu` af
gu`rzf n` aes r`l`an`s gu`s` cfyer n` ae qu` fajuoes sest`oãfo, krbt`rbe qu` bokause
pr`vfa`kãf `o fajuoes n` af Muotf n` Ju`rrf. Xr`necboû `a pfr`k`r n` ‑af cfyer
 pfrt` n` aes egbkbfa`s n` fqu`a lftfaaûo qu` aa`vfnes n` af frn`otãf n` sus j`obes, e n`a
n`s`e n` jaerbf, e ae qu` `s cæs p`rsufsbla`, n` af mustf bonbjofkbûo qu` kfusflf af
fatbv`z ouokf vbstf n` fqu`a Bonbe, fpr`surfreo su cfrkdf y s` fpestfreo `o `a
 pu`lae n` [fojfrfrf, qu` `stæ kboke a`jufs nbstfot` n`a n` ^uojfsukf y nbstfot` n`a
Kuzke kece v`bot`– >.

Fa ftfrn`k`r n`a nãf 6:, cb`otrfs aes vbrr`bofa`s s` fnu`öflfo n`a aujfr, ^ýpfk
Fcfru keo dælba `strftfj`cf gbojãf fa`mfrs` n` af kecfrkf. Dule qub`o`s r`k`afreo
n` af cfobelrf y fsã ^blurkbe Afonf prepuse qu` af gu`rzf cbabtfr prbokbpfa s`
fpes`otfs` `o uo cerre k`rkfoe, qu` necboflf `a sbtbe, p`re prbcû `a keok`pte n`a
Kerr`jbner Kflr`rf qub`o `okeotrû pafusbla` jufr`k`rs` `o af bja`sbf y su
k`c`ot`rbe, kuyes cures p`osflf penrãfo s`r utbabzfnes kece vfaaf fot` kufaqub`r
ftfqu` serpr`sbve 0.
@o afs prbc`rfs derfs n`a nãf 64 n` oevb`clr` n` `s` föe n` 6:48, afs gu`rzfs n`a
Bokf, qu` oe s` dflãfo nbstfokbfne cukde, r`terofreo fa aujfr, jubfnfs lfme lu`of
auof.
@a bobkbe n` af lftfaaf df qu`nfne n`skrbte per uo t`stbje qu` aa`jû `a nãf fot`rber,
kece kdfsqub, f afs faturfs n` [fojfrfrf, neon` ‑s` vbe n`t`obne per uoes bonbes
jufrnfs qu` dflãf `o fqu`a aujfr y s` qu`nû `o kecpföãf n` `aaes dfstf afs kuftre
n` af cföfof peke cæs e c`oes y fa rfyfr `a nãf gu`reo lfmfone fa nbkde pu`lae n`
[fojfrfrf `o kecpföãf n` aes kbtfnes bonbes qu` a` bcpbnb`reo `a pfse fqu`aaf
oekd` y vbe qu` ^ýpfk Fcfre s` a` fpfr`kbû `o uo kflfaae lafoke fkecpföfne n`
j`ot` y qu` p`jû gu`je f af kfsf n` uo kfkbqu` n` fqu`a aujfr y qu` nbe uoes jrbtes
f aes qu` s` muotfreo `o lr`v` rfte uof cuatbtun n` bonbes qu` k`rkfreo af trepf
`spföeaf–7.

4
 

Aes r`l`an`s ren`freo `a k`c`ot`rbe, kuye cure `o `g`kte, penrãf dfl`r s`rvbne n`
trbokd`rf f aes vbrr`bofa`s, n` dfl`r sbne cæs kfutes. X`re suk`nbû qu` fa n`skulrbr
âstes `a fvfok`, kuonbû `a pæobke, r`gujbæones` tenes `o af bja`sbf, keo tfotf prbsf
qu` fajuoes curb`reo pbset`fnes. N`sn` faaã, n`skeok`rtfnes, `ovbfreo uo
`cbsfrbe neon` `a Bokf, qub`o f tenfs sus prepu`stfs sûae r`speonbû qu` sfab`s`o
n`a aujfr aes krbeaaes y aes c`stbzes, f qub`o`s oe s` prepeoãf kfusfr obojýo nföe.
Af p`tbkbûo prevekû `ok`onbnes n`lft`s, pu`s cukdes n` aes c`stbzes pr`s`ot`s
pr`t`onb`reo fkej`rs` fa p`rnûo9 `o use n`a rbjer cbabtfr, fajuoes n` `aaes gu`reo
vbktbcfnes n` boc`nbfte per aes m`g`s vbrr`bofa`s, fpeyfnes `o su fktbtun tfote per
aes n`cæs egbkbf a`s `spföea`s kece per aes egbkbfa`s krbeaaes kuzqu`öes. Kec`tbnes
fajuoes `xk`ses n` vbea`okbf n`otre n` af bja`sbf, `a prepbe kurf n` [fojfrfrf,
s`jýo s` fgbrcf, `ovbû uo c`osfm` s`kr`te fa kfunbaae qu`kduf n`cfonæonea` qu`
kfstbjfrf `ses sfkrãa`jes n`sfkftes. Kece keot`stfkbûo, ^ýpfk Fcfre a` pbnbû qu`
keosucb`rf afs destbfs y sfavfs` aes erofc`otes sfjrfnes, nfone f `o t`on`r qu`
ftfkfrãf `a t`cpae perqu`
perqu` aes vbrr`bofa`s ae dflãfo keov`rtbne `o gertão.
@a keclft` `cp`zû keo uof p`nr`f n` aes ftfkfot`s, cb`otrfs aes gu sba`res
c`stbzes bobkbflfo uo jrfo`fne gu`je. N` lfaf e n` pb`nrf curb`reo `oteok`s
Afonf, Kflr`rf y etres m`g`s, trfs keclftbr dfstf `a gbofa, fýo d`rbnes. Cb`otrfs
tfote, etres cæs kfãfo fkrblbaafnes sbo keos`jubr `a use n`a kföûo qu` t`oãfo `o af
bja`sbf, perqu` r`suatû nbgãkba n` cfo`mfr `o `a lr`v` `spfkbe n`a t`cpae. Au`je
dule n` prenukbrs` `a bok`onbe qu` nbe bobkbe f af n`lfka` vbrr`bofa.
@a Bokf sb`cpr` r`kdfzû qu` dulb`s` cfonfne qu`cfr `a t`cpae y per `aae dflrãf
n` `skrblbr, nfone su v`rsbûo n`a keclft`= ‑Y...S aes kflfaa`res qu` vbob`reo fonfreo
d`kdes uoes lærlfres, perqu` dflbâones` botrenukbne `stes `o af bja`sbf, bobkbfreo af
 ju`rrf n` faaã y tbrfreo uo kföeofze n`a kufa cftfreo s`bs bonbes `o `a k`c`ot`rbe. Re
aa`vflf æobce n` qu` ofnb` p`r`kb`s`, per ae qu` `skrblã uof kfrtf nbrbjbnf f aes
krbeaaes qu` faab `stflfo y ey`one `ste aes kdfp`teo`s Y`spföea`sS qubtfone af vbnf f
vfrbes, `stfone `a [fotãsbce [fkrfc`ote n`skulb`rte gu` af kfusf n` qu` `a kurf n`
`sf nektrbof kejbû f ou`stre Fce y s` sfabû gu`rf keo âa9 R qubse Nbes qu` af cbscf
 pûaverf qu` botrenum`reo fn`otre pr`onbû
pr`onbû gu`je f af bja`sbf y af keosucû– :.
:.
keosucû– 

Xrepfjfne `a gu`je, af r`sbst`okbf s` gu` dfkb`one bcpesbla`= ‑s` vb`reo tenes keo `a
`str`kde n` p`r`k`r fa gu`je, fa duce, f aes jeap`s n` vbjf y grfjc`otes n` af
t`kduclr` y r`tflaes qu` afs aafcfs blfo keosucb`one e sfabr f `xp`rbc`otfr uof
bo`vbtfla` cu`rt` f cfoes n` aes qu` aes elabjflfo f pfsfr per jeap`s keotusbeo`s,
d`rbnfs keo kukdbaaes, pfaes, pb`nrfs, cfzfs y kafvfs–. Gu` tfa `a `strfje nbk` etre
nekuc`ote qu` ‑keo `xk`pkbûo n` fajuoes bonbes y c`stbzes qu` s` pfsfreo f aes
keotrfrbes y uo @spföea qu` r`v`stbne n` sfk`rnet` `skfpû af vbnf c`nbfot` `st`
frlbtrbe, tenes aes n`cæs qu`nfreo sfkrbgbkfnes–. @sp`kbfac`ot` vbea`otfs gu`reo afs
r`grb`jfs muote fa ftrbe n` af bja`sbf.
^`rcboû sfojrb`otfc`ot` fqu`a `oku`otre, pu`s kece `xpr`sfrãf `a Elbspe
Ceskese s` ‑r`nume f k`obzfs f kufotes oe p`rneoû af `spfnf e af pb`nrf– `o afs nb`z
derfs qu` nurû `a keclft` 4. ^fa fkflû af `xp`nbkbûo qu` `a cbsce pr`afne
kfabgbkfrf n` ‑bcprun`ot`, pr`kbpbtfnf, t`c`rfrbf–.
Af fatf kfotbnfn n` lfmfs vbrr`bofa`s tfclbâo s` `xpabkf per `a d`kde qu`,
keok`otrfnf af n`g`osf `o uo seae puote, `a ftrbe, faaã nbspfrflfo lfafs y pb`nrfs
tenes aes ftfkfot`s. Fsbcbsce, oe n`lbû bogaubr peke `a d`kde qu` `s` p`qu`öe

2
 

`mârkbte dflãf sbne trfãne f cfrkdfs gerzfnfs per afs puofs y `a nãf fot`rber af
trepf ofnf dflãf kecbne.
N` af `xp`nbkbûo vbrr`bofa, pu`s, kfsb tenes p`r`kb`reo= cæs n` s`t`kb`otes s`jýo `a
Elbspe n`a Kuske 2. Vubzæ aes kfãnes gu`reo c`oes, perqu` fajuoes bonbes
vbrr`bofa`s aejrfrãfo dubr `o c`nbe n`a n`sern`o9 etres, d`rbnes, tfa v`z sfavfrãfo.
Pof bov`stbjfkbûo fotrepeaûjbkf nbrbjbnf per af Pobv`rsbnfn n`a Kuzke keotû
qubob`otes s`s`otbsb`t` `squ`a`tes `o uo aujfr v`kboe f [fojfrfrf9 kfnæv`r`s
kulb`rtes keo `oerc`s pb`nrfs y kuye gbo dflãf p`rcfo`kbne bjoerfne dfstf `sf
g`kdf 68. @otr` `ses ku`rpes `stfrãf `a n`a kfkbqu` vbrr`bofa [fdufrfurf, qub`o
curbû keclftb`one.
Afs lfmfs tupfkfcfrbstfs oe aa`jfreo ob f v`bot`9 `a letão n` ju`rrf keosbstbû `o
nes kföeokbaaes y kb`rte oýc`re n` gusba`s y n` sfla`s.
X`re [fojfrfrf, keo s`r vbkterbf tfo retuonf, tuve uo cfrke n`k`pkbeofot` pfrf `a
Bokf, pu`ste qu` sûae nb`kbsâbs n` aes qu` dflãfo faaã keclftbne `rfo `spföea`s9 `a
r`ste n` `sf gu`rzf s` dflãf keostbtubne keo krbeaaes, keo c`stbzes y keo bonbes 669
tene ae kufa sbjobgbkflf `a grfkfse n` aes keo murfnes n`a Kuzke y tfclbâo `a d`kde
qu` su c`osfm` bot`jrbstf uobr f tenes aes p`rufoes lfme afs lfon`rfs n` af
r`veaukbûo cukde nbstflf n` dfl`r `okeotrfne uo jrfo `ke 6<.

Vubzæ per `sf rfzûo, uof s`cfof n`spuâs, `a <7 n` oevb`clr`, `a Bokf `xpbnbû `a
`nbkte pfrf Afcpf, neon` trfs r`g`rbrs` f aes `spföea`s qu` dflãfo pfjfne `o
[fojfrfrf ‑su funfkbf y ftr`vbcb`ote–) n`kãf ae qu` sbju`= ‑Y...S sbotb`one s` a`s sbjf
obojýo p`rmubkbe, sboe qu` vbvfces kece d`rcf oes y keojr`jfnes `o uo ku`rpe
n`struy`one f aes `urep`es–.

X`re `s` fod`afne ‑ku`rpe– sekbfa mfcæs s` aejrû gercfr, pu`s oe elstfot` `a
âogfsbs pfo p`rufoe n`a Bokf, aes krbeaaes y aes `spföea`s n`a Kuzke s` uob`reo fýo
cæs `otr` sã fa keoek`rs` `a n`sfstr` n` [fojfrfrf.
@otr` tfote, `o afs gbafs r`l`an`s cukdes epboflfo per af keov`ob`okbf n` cfrkdfr
n` boc`nbfte selr` `a Kuzke9 `a Bokf, keo prun`okbf, oe ae dbze. @a fsuote df
c`r`kbne boouc`rfla`s kec`otfrbes pest`rber`s, qu` af dbsterbe jrfgãf r`kej` f
c`oune keo kb`rtf abj`r`zf. Xer keostbtubr t`cf `strbktfc`ot` cbabtfr, keovb`o` uo
foæabsbs sbtufkbeofa n` `ses c`nbfnes n` oevb`clr` n` 6:48.
KFP[F[ XE\ AF[ KPFA@[ @A BOKF OE CF\KDÛ [EL\@ @A KP]KE
Afs kfusfs per afs kufa`s Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru oe cfrkdû selr` `a Kuzke `o
oevb`clr` n` 6:48, df sbne fsuote lfstfot` n`sn`öfne, dflbâone s` r`p`tbne, sbo
`stunbes cfyer`s, qu` s` trftû n` uo `rrer cbabtfr. @o `g`kte s` df nbkde
bok`sfot`c`ot` qu` gu` uof `qubvekfkbûo n`a jrfo m`g` Bokf. @o r`fabnfn, `a t`cf `s
`xtr`cfnfc`ot` kecpa`me, kece qu` tb`o` qu` v`r keo aes elm`tbves
prejrfcætbkes n` af sula`vfkbûo, keo af bn`eaejãf n`a Bokf y keo af keogercfkbûo
sekbfa d`t`rejâo`f n`a X`rý n`a sbjae TWBBB.
Xer `se, fot`s qu` ofnf surj` uof pr`juotf, µVuâ qubse s`r ^ýpfk Fcfru5 µ@a
abl`rtfner n`a Kuzke e su keoqubstfner5 Af r`spu`stf lretf kafrf. Elvbfc`ot` âa
fspbrflf f s`r `a abl`rtfner n` af fotbjuf kfpbtfa n` aes bokfs, sus fot`pfsfnes, af
url` keaeobfa n` cfyer gfcf n`spuâs n` Abcf. Xer `sf rfzûo -qu`r`r abl`rtfr y oe

68
 

keoqubstfr- gu` qu`, r`trfktæones` af `oerc` cfyerãf n` sus fabfnes krbeaaes y

c`stbzes n` af kbunfn, oe s` afozû, f sfojr` y gu`je selr` tfo jrfo r`nukte fonboe.
@rf `cpr`sf qu` v`ãf sucfc`ot` rb`sjesf n`otre n` afs bcpr`vbstfs keonbkbeo`s
n` uo prelfla` recpbcb`ote n`a gr`ot` bosurr`kkbeofa fotb `spföea.
[b cbabtfrc`ot` ftfkfr `a Kuzke keostbtuãf uof fkkbûo `o `xtr`ce nbgãkba af muzjfr
per aes r`kurses keo aes kufa`s keotflf, bn`eaûjbkfc`ot` af `cpr`sf r`suatflf
bofk`ptfla`= dflrãf sbjobgbkfne af rupturf n` su t`erãf n`a ‑ku`rpe– n` @stfne, n`
uobûo n` tenes aes p`rufoes, [bo enbes ob nbvbsbeo`s rfkbfa`s. Xer ýatbce qu`cfr `a
Kuzke kece fajuoes a` prepeoãfo, `rf af o`jfkbûo cbscf n` su aukdf abl`rtfnerf.
Cæs fýo= `o `a nbgãkba kfse qu` jfofs` af lftfaaf, jfoflf uo Kuzke n`strubne y `o
keos`ku`okbf p`rnãf fa r`ste n`a X`rý, p`rnãf Fcârbkf. Fa r`sp`kte n`l`ces
r`kernfr qu` kfut`afs y rfzeo`s pfr`kbnfs jubfreo = c`nbe sbjae n`spuâs f [fo
Cfrtão pfrf oe bot`otfr af tecf n` Abcf f kföeofzes, trfs sus n`s`clfrkes `o
Xfrfkfs y Dufurf, y tuve qu` fp`afr f tenf su futerbnfn pfrf keot`o`r f gejeses
aujfrt`ob`ot`s kece Aern Kekdrfo`, qu` n`cfonflfo kfnf nãf `a ftfqu` pftrbetf f
af kfpbtfa.
[fo Cfrtão, keo sfjfkbnfn, pr`gbrbû qu` cfnurfs`o aes bot`otes keospbrftbves `o `a
bot`rber n` Abcf, y gu` fsã kece f af pestr` bojr`sû trbuogfot` `o uof kbunfn f af
kufa uof aukdf `otr` aes nes `mârkbtes dflrãf r`nukbne f k`obzfs. Af `skfsf y nunesf

sbcpftãf
dflrãf e bonbg`r`okbf
tecfne `o r`okern`n`lu`of
dfl`rpfrt` n` aes`akrbeaaes
prek`nbne abc`öes
Abl`rtfner dfkbf [fo Cfrtão s`
keo vbea`okbf.
Dflrãf p`abjrfne fsã `a elm`tbve n` [fo Cfrtão= af abl`rtfn n`a X`re. @a kfse n`
^ýpfk Fcfru gr`ot` fa Kuzke `o oevb`clr` n` 6:48 oe `s - vfajf uo `m`cpae - `a n`
Foãlfa gr`ot` f \ecf, kufone `a kfrtfjboâs, per `xk`se n` prun`okbf, vfkbaû fot`
uof kbunfn qu` a` `rf n`gbobtbvf y n`kbnbnf c`ot` `o`cbjf, brr`keokbabfla`c`ot`
fnv`rsf y f af kufa, per tfote, oe kflãf sboe n`strubr. @a kfse n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `s
cæs lb`o `a n` [fo Cfrtão fot` Abcf `otr` s`tb`clr` n` 64<8 y muabe n` 64<69 c`s
âst` `o qu` r`kbâo pune bojr`sfr f af kfpbtfa n`a Wbrr`bofte, kece pfkãgbke
v`ok`ner.
X`re uof ‑qubotf keaucof– pftrbetf, kece af qu` fyunû f [fo Cfrtão `o `a bot`rber
n` Abcf `o 64<6 oe `xbstbû `o `a Kuzke n` 6:489 c`mer nbkde, f c`nbfnes n`
oevb`clr`
kfusf n` af s` dflãf n`sbot`jrfne.
rfnbkfabzfkbûo Aes keomurfnes
n` afs t`on`okbfs krbeaaes,n`
futeoecbstfs kfsb
af tenes, n`s`rtfreo
sula`vfkbûo, n` afsf
bonunfla`s fspbrfkbeo`s p`rseofa`s n`a Bokf (f qub`o s`jurfc`ot` dflãfo p`osfne
cfo`mfr), y n` af ræpbnf fk`otufkbûo n` afs c`nbnfs sekbfa`s r`l`an`s r`sp`kte f
tb`rrfs, elrfm`s, cbofs y `skafves. Fn`cæs, ouc`reses keogfluafnes dflãfo kfãne
pr`ses9 etres vfkbaflfo9 cukdes gu`reo aes qu` trfbkbeofreo flb`rtfc`ot` fa
cevbcb`ote. Xer etre afne, af Muotf n` Ju`rrf prek`nbû `o `ses nãfs f `m`kutfr sbo
nbafkbûo fa n`s tfkfne kfkbqu` L`rofrne ^fcledufkse n` Xãsfk, qub`o `stflf pr`se
f kfusf n` uof fot`rber r`vu`atf y tfclbâo curbû Vubsp` ^bte, `a s`nbkbese. Xer
ýatbce kfl` bonbkfr qu` aes bonbes oela`s n` af kbunfn dflãfo sbne
pr`kfuterbfc`ot` ‑fkufrt`afnes–.
Af epesbkbûo fa Bokf gu` cfyer `otr` aes krbeaaes cæs punb`ot`s n`a 9Kuzke tfclbâo
f kfusf n`a vbjer tucuatufrbe y r`bvbonbkftbve qu` blf kelrfone `a fazfcb`ote, fa
sucærs`a` cuatbtun`s n` qu`kdufs qu` a` eterjfreo uo r`spfane bokbtfot` y
v`rtbjboese qu` tfa v`z ofnb` p`osû `o uo bobkbe, ob `a prepbe kfunbaae.

66
 

@o sucf, aes keomurfnes oe kucpab`reo keo ae pfktfne y c`oes keo flrbra` afs
pu`rtfs n`a Kuzke c`nbfot` cetbo`s bot`roes qu` kurfkfs fnbktes blfo f precev`r9
`stes ýatbces, bokause, dflãfo sbne fpr`sfnes `o gercf nbskr`kbeofa, kece vbces.
Xer ýatbce, `a prepbe keclft` n` [fojfrfrf, per dfl`rs` ablrfne `o uo t`cpae,
keotrbluyû f nbsp`rsfr f kb`rtes oýka`es n` pfrtbnfrbes n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, per
rfzeo`s n` ãonea` r`abjbesf.

^fa af v`rnfn`rf
n`a `stfaabne n` afsbtufkbûo n`a Kuzke
sula`vfkbûo. f c`nbfnes
@vbn`ot`c`ot`, n` oevb`clr`,
n`otre f afs nes s`cfofs
n` tfa`s keonbkbeo`s, `o kfse
n` n`kbnbr af tecf n` af kbunfn, `a Bokf oe dflrãf t`obne etre kfcboe n` cevbabzfr
jrfon`s cfsfs n` af r`jbûo y fsfatfraf sfojrb`otf c`ot`, n`strezfraf. Aes sfqu`es,
fn`cæs, dflrãfo v`obne bo`vbtfla`s9 tfclbâo afs cftfozfs n` krbeaaes, n` c`stbzes
y dfstf n` bonbes r`fabstfs sbo, qu` `ste jfrfotbzfrf uo âxbte cbabtfr, af kfpturf n` af
pafzf.
^enf `sf vbea`okbf dflrãf `stfne cuy a`mes n` aes pafo`s pfo p`rufoes y
keotbo`otfa`s n` ^ýpfk Fcfru y su jrupe, kr`y`ot`s n` uo X`rý bot`jrfne `o uo
gr`ot` cuatbofkbeofa y peabkafsbstf. Af n`strukkbûo n`a Kuzke `o kfse qu` v`okb`rf
flrãf uo cfa prbokbpbe pfrf uof r`veaukbûo nbrbjbnf per uo kuzqu`öe qu` fspbrflf
f jel`rofr uo ou`ve X`rý, pfrt` n` uof Fcârbkf ou`vf.

[flb`one qu` `rf bcpesbla` e bokeov`ob`ot` tecfr af kbunfn `o keonbkbeo`s tfo

fnv`rsfs, ^ýpfkFcfru erb`otû su eg`osbvf dfkbf af r`jbûo qu` `o `a Bokfrbe s`
n`oecboû `a Keotbsuye. Dule n` fakfozfr aes cæs ûptbces r`suatf nes, aa`vfone
n`spuâs af ju`rrf fa prepbe vbrr`bofte n` \ãe n` af Xaftf, fa Keaafsuyu.
Xen`ces `oteok`s kafsbgbkfr `o nes jrfon`s jrupes afs rfzeo`s qu` .aa`vfreo f
^ýpfk Fcfru f oe bot`otfr uo ftfqu` fa Kuzke trfs af vbkterbf qu` fakfozû `o
[fojfrfrf. Xer uo afne, `stæo afs kfusfs bod`r`ot`s f af kbunfn cbscf, f aes
keomurfnes qu` yf n`lãfo dfl`rs` preouokbfne `o `ses c`nbfnes n` oevb`clr`.
Xer etrf pfrt`, s` dfaafo afs rfzeo`s `xt`rofs, tfote cbabtfr`s kece n` etre ern`o.
@otr` afs kfusfs qu` `cfofreo n`sn` af kbunfn n`a Kuzke pfrf gr`ofr fa Bokf,
`stuvb`reo= f) af `m`kukbûo n`a jrfo kfkbqu` r`l`an` ^fcledufkse y af cbst`rbesf
cu`rt` n` Vubsp` ^bte9 l) `a fpr`sfcb`ote n` aoqubaa ^upf y etres kfkbqu`s
keomurfnes9 k) af vfkbafkbûo n` bcpertfot`s keogfluafnes kece aes Pjfrt` y aes
Xfafkbes, fa bjufa qu` etres krbeaaes `okuclrfnes9 q) afs eg`rtfs n` r`gercfs
vbrr`bofa`s qu` `xtbojubrãfo n`unfs, cbtfs, elrfm`s, peojfm`s y etrfs kfrjfs qu`
p`sflfo selr` aes bonbes9 `) af oetfla` fkkbûo lâabkf y erjfobzftbvf n` af Muotf n`
Ju`rrf n`a Kuzke pr`pfrfone af n`g`osf n` af kbunfn9 g) af bonbg`r`okbf n` af cfyer
pfrt` n` aes c`stbzes9 j) af keok`otrfkbûo n` tenes aes `skafves n` afs dfkb`onfs `o
af kbunfn9 d)af trfbkbûo n`afterbf n`a kfkbqu` [fdufrfurf9 ` b) af erb`otfkbûo j`o`rfa
n` aes s`kter`s necbofot`s y c`nbes n`a Kuzke qu` `o vfrbfnes fsp`ktes t`oãfo
uof vbjeresf d`r`okbf `spföeaf. Kuzke `rf fn`cæs af url` keo cfyer oýc`re n`
krbeaaes `o `a X`rý, n`spuâs n` Abcf.
@o kufote f afs rfzeo`s j`o`rfa`s, fm`ofs fa Kuzke cbsce, pr`peon`rfot`c`ot`
pen`ces kbtfr afs cetbvfkbeo`s sur`öfs. @otr` afs cæs pesbtbvfs n`l`ces s`öfafr

`a fpeye kfsb
pepuafr`s, uoæobc`
fsã kece nfne per aes
`a keoekbcb`ote kfkbqu`s
preguone qu` n`a [urt`oãf
`a Bokf y per
n`= vfstes s`kter`s
`sfs kecfrkfs.

6<
 

Xer `okbcf n` afs ‑rfzeo`s sur`öfs– `xbstãfo etrfs. @o prbc`r aujfr t`onrãfces
qu` s`öfafr afs n` ern`o cbabtfr perqu` [fojfrfrf oe gu` `a grute n` uof eg`osbvf
pafo`fnf keo fotbkbpfkbûo sboe af ræpbnf y lrbaafot` r`fkkbûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru fot`
`a sýlbte fvfok` n`a `o`cbje.
[fojfrfrf, kece lftfaaf, df sbne uo tfote `xfj`rfnf `o af dbsterbejrfgãf, pu`ste
qu` aes v`okbnes gu`reo c`oes n` cba seanfnes vbrr`bofa`s, bonbes `o su cfyer
pfrt`. Etre gfkter qu` s` n`l` sep`sfr `s af p`qu`ö`z n`a `mârkbte tupfkfcfrbstf `o
fqu`a cec`ote y su bosugbkb`okbf `o pet`okbf n` gu`je.
N` etre afne, ^ýpfk Fcfru oe keogbflf n`cfsbfne `o af nbskbpabof n` lu`of
preperkbûo n` af j`ot` qu` ae s`juãf, af kufa oe s` dfaaflf `okufnrfnf n`otre n` uo
sbst`cf cbabtfr prepbfc`ot` nbkde.
y uo gfkter sekbfa ofnf n`sn`öfla` gu` `a `skfse r`spfane keo `a kufa ^ýpfk Fcfru
keotflf `o `ses nãfs bobkbfa`s= fp`ofs uo puöfne n` fan`fs n` Xuoe y nes vbaafs
selr` `a rãe Wbakfoetf9 nbgãkba `rf, per tfote, flrbr ju`rrf keotrf `a Kuzke keo tfo
pr`kfrbfs r`s`rvfs ducfofs y cft`rbfa`s,
Xer ýatbce, dflrãf qu` keosbn`rfr uo gfkter trfsk`on`otfa, kufa gu` `a n` af vbjeresf
epesbkbûo n` af cfyerãf n` aes kfkbqu`s n` aes far`n`ner`s n`a Kuzke, `otr` aes
kufa`s s` dfaaflfo fajuoes cuy abjfnes fa râjbc`o `spföea kece aes epua`otes
Xucfkfduf, n` Kdbokd`res, y \esfs n` Fotf. Etres, kece aes n` Xfrure, bot`jrflfo
`a gr`ot` vbrr`bofa cuy ked`sbeofnes. Xr`kbsf c`ot` `a Kerr`jbner n` Xfrure
fkflflf n` erjfobzfr f cba`s n` ‑bonbes a`fa`s–9 keo `aaes p`osû r`gerzfr `a Kuzke,
p`re fa gbofa pr`gbrb`reo n`g`on`r su prevbokbf n` kufaqub`r bot`ote r`l`an`. y `s`
Xfrure t`onrãf qu` s`r gafoke y r`tfjufrnbf n` ^ýpfk Fcfru aa`jfne `a kfse n` uof
eg`osbvf selr` `a Kuzke.
Af ju`rrf `oteok`s s` aa`vfrãf dfkbf `a [ur9 dflrãf n` `cp`zfr per afs kecfrkfs
qu` dflãfo keostbtubne `a Kuotbsuye bokfbke.
AF KFCXFOF N@A KPO^B[PRE
Afs prekafcfs n`a Bokf n`s`okfn`ofreo af sula`vfkbûo `o `s` cbsce oevb`clr`,
 prbc`re dfkbf `a E`st` e s`f af fotbjuf Kuotbsuye n`a Kuzke= Kduclbvbakfs, Kfbaaecf,

faturfs
n` Frbkfn`y Kduqublfclf, fates n`
^frfpfkæ. @o W`abaa` Cequ`juf yn`au`je
`a Kerr`jbner s` `xt`on`rãf
Kduclbvbakfs sfavûper afs faturfs
af vbnf keo af
gujf9 au`je s` preouokbfreo [fote ^ecæs9 tfclbâo Vuböetf y au`je etres pu`laes
n` `sf `xt`osf prevbokbf. @o Xbsqubkekdf `a Kerr`jbner fakfozû f muotfr fajuofs
trepfs y fderkû f aes c`osfm`res n` ^ýpfk Fcfru 6; p`re tuve qu` dubr. @a <6 n`
oevb`clr` n` 6:48 presbjubû af bokursbûo n` afs dukstfs r`veaukbeofrbfs, pfsfone
`a Bokf ‑keo sus trepfs, f aes pu`laes n` Xbkdbjuf, Rfurb y Kepe rfqu`, qu` fýo oe
`stflfo `ot`rfc`ot` sulernbofnes– 6>. Pof v`z `o Abvbtfkf v`okbnf af r`sbst`okbf
vbrr`bofa pune `skrblbr f ^uojfsukf= ‑fderf yf c` vf lb`o ‑. N` faaã pfsû f W`abaa`
neon` `a <: keogbskû aes trblutes r`fa`s pfrf af kfusf r`l`an` s.
N`sn` Kfbaaecf kbrkuoskrbpkbûo fr`qubp`öf, `a Kerr`jbner n` Kduclbvbakfs
bot`otflf r`sbstbr, rfzûo per af kufa ^ýpfk Fcfru n`kbnbû bovfnbraf. @otr`tfote `a
Bokf prek`nãf f dfk`r mustbkbf `o aes elrfm`s n` Ekfrucf y `o aes kderrbaaes n`
[fdufsfduf y n` Xuqubkekdf. F aes pekes nãfs Kfbaaecf gu` tecfnf per afs
vfojufrnbfs r`l`an`s 67 R s` fvfozû `oteok`s `o `sf nbr`kkbûo flrb`one ju`rrf
6;
 

keo rucle f af kbunfn n` Fr`qubpf, p`re sbo nfr keclft` kfsb, jrfkbfs fa fcpabe
r`spfane kea`ktbve.
@stfone `o cfrkdf `stf eg`osbvf selr` zeofs fr`qubp`öfs) `a Bokf `skrblbû f uo
kfkbqu` n` afs v`kbonfn`s n` af kbunfn n`a Cbstb ‑`xpeobâonea` af `cpr`sf qu` dflãf
kec`ozfne y pbnbâonea` qu` uob`s` sus frcfs– 6:.

N`sn` uo prbokbpbe `a Bokf dflãf t`obne `o c`ot` sulv`rtbr tb`rrfs fr`qubp`öfs y

`o `aafs `ok`onbû
frrb`res af bosurr`kkbûo
n` Kduqublfclf f trfvâs
a`s nbe n` uoy jrupe
kfrt`a`s kfrtfsn`pfrf
cua`res= ‑pfsfone uoes
fqu`aaf prevbokbf,
oetbkbæonea`s n` sus suk`ses
suk`ses ` bot`okbeo`s
bot`okbeo`s y qu` pr`onb`rfo fa Kerr`jbner
Kerr`jbner e ae
cftfs`o– 64.

@a prey`kte fr`qubp`öe kufnrflf keo uof `strft`jbf trfzfnf n` fot`cfoe. Grfy

Mufo n` Nbes Xfkd`ke, qu` `stuve `o ^botf `o aes nãfs bobkbfa`s n`a fazfcb`ote,
n`kafrfrãf qu` `o fqu`a aujfr ‑eyû tfclbâo faaã n` aes qu` s` aafcflfo keogbn`ot`s
n`a Kfkbqu` ^upf Fcfru, y n` su cum`r qu` af j`ot` n` `stf kbunfn n` Fr`qubpf, `rf
af qu` c`oes kubnfne a` nflf, r`sp`kte n` qu` dflb`one pfn`kbne kb`rte cevbcb`ote,
`stæ `sp`rfone `a jeap`, n` qu` pfrf `skfpfr pr`kbsfc`ot` s` dflãfo n` fkej`r f af
keotflf keo Fr`qubpf– 62.
 pret`kkbûo n` ^upf Fcfru, y fsã sb`cpr` keotflf

Af keogbfozf n`a Bokf `o Fr`qubpf `rf oeterbf y per `se `ovbû f aes fr`qubp`öes
uof grft`rofa prekafcf. Vubzæ `o `s` cec`ote fa bjufa n` ae suk`nbne `o `a Kuzke),
gafqu`freo fajuoes krbeaaes keogfluafnes. @stes `rfo fa pb` n`a Cbstb cukde c`oes
qu` aes qu` s` fjrupfreo `o af fotbjuf kfpbtfa bokfbkf, p`re fýo oe pen`ces
n`t`rcbofr af kfusf per af kufa `a `mârkbte r`veaukbeofrbe susp`onbû af eg`osbvf,
`sp`kbfac`ot` sb s` keosbn`rf qu` af kbunfn s` dfaaflf= ‑sbo kföeo`s ob p`nr`res– <8.
Fderf lb`o9 `a sba`okbe tetfa n` aes nekuc`otes r`l`an`s `o teroe f uo selrboe
fr`qubp`öe n`a Bokf, `a `objcætbke Kfsbcbre ^ýpfk Fcfru, pu`n` dfk`ces
sesp`kdfr n` faof sbtufkbûo keogabktbvf `o aes cæs fates cfones n` af bosurr`kkbûo.
\`sp`kte fa fvfok` n`a Bokf selr` Fr`qubpf oe s` n`l` n`mfr n` afne qu` uo
\`jbner n` `stf kbunfn, Grfokbske \bv`re, pfrb`ot` n`a Elbspe n`a Kuzke, Mufo
Cfou`a n` Ceskese, gu` fkusfne n`spuâs n` s`r kûcpabk` n` af sula`vfkbûo <6.
Vubzæ af kfusf n`kbsbvf n` af susp`osbûo n`a fvfok` selr` Fr`qubpf gu` af
l`abkesbnfn `spföeaf `o `a Keaafe, perqu` `o W`abaa`, `a <: n` oevb`clr`, `a Bokf s`
bogercû qu` fvfozflfo keotrf âa gu`rzfs vbrr`bofa`s n` Afcpf y Fzæojfre. [` dbze
o`k`sfrbe uo kfclbe `o afs ep`rfkbeo`s y ern`oû `oteok`s f Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs qu`
‑cfon` peo`r tenf af j`ot` `o `a k`rre n` Kduaaekfob dfstf qu` ye r`jr`s`, perqu`
sb`cpr` pfsfrâ f Afyf f peo`r ftfme `o `a træosbte– <<9 a` p`nãf tfclbâo, pfrf
`ogr`otfr `stf ou`vf `c`rj`okbf, <0 gusba`res c`stbzes y krbeaaes qu` n`lãfo
cfrkdfr f af cbscf r`jbûo.
\`jr`sfone `a Bokf n`a kfcboe n` Kfbaaecf, `a <2 n` oevb`clr` n`kbnbû af, eg`osbvf
selr` Afcpf y etrfs tb`rrfs cæs faaæ n`a oune n` Wbakfoetf <;. Ae dfrãf keo fp`ofs
cba qubob`otes declr`s `skejbnes <>.
@otr` tfote, af r`l`abûo s` prepfjflf sb`one afs kuclr`s n` af kernbaa`rf ekkbn`otfa
y dfstf `o af nbstfot` ^frfpfkæ uo kfkbqu`, Muabæo Fya`s, a` nbe fpeye trfs r`kblbr
kfrtfs n`a Bokf keotrf aes trblutes y af `skafvbtun y fuo `o Ftfkfcf dule pu`lae
tecfne per r`l`an`s <0.
6>
 

Afs rfzeo`s n`a Bokf pfrf eptfr per uof eg`osbvf selr` `a ^btbkfkf gu`reo s`osftfs.
@o sãot`sbs, s` penrãf `xpr`sfr qu` afs keonbkbeo`s n`a Keaafe `rfo dfrte cæs
gfverfla`s pfrf uof fcpabfkbûo n`a fazfcb`ote. Nb`je W`rn`me, Kecfonfot`
J`o`rfa n`a @mârkbte `o af r`jbûo, `rf keaafvboe, ofturfa n` Cfkfrã, aujfr prûxbce,
neon` s` dflãf erjfobzfne cboukbesfc`ot` af sulv`rsbûo. Xer etre afne, `a Bokf
keoekãf f geone af r`jbûo fatbpaæobkf f kfusf n` sus cýatbpa`s trfv`sãfs n` frrb`rfm`,
aa`vfone afofs n` Afcpf y Fyfvbrb f aes elrfm`s kuzqu`öes n` Vubspbkfokdbs9
fsbcbsce `o Kfrflfyf keotflf keo cukdf bogau`okbf kece nu`öe qu` `rf n`
kekfa`s `o Fyfpftf n` [fojflæo9 y faaã oe sûae `stflf fktufone Nfcbæo Fpfzf <7,
sboe qu` fuo bonbes rbkes s` dflãfo pa`jfne fa cevbcb`ote, fpeyfone ‑fa Bokf–.
@cbsfrbes n` tb`rrfs kfrflfãofs `stflfo yf `o vbfm` f ^uojfsukf pfrf n`cfonfr
pfrtbkbpfkbûo <:9 kdfsqubs s`kr`tes aa`jflfo n` Fzæojfre f Kduclbvbakfs
bogercfone selr` aes pr`pfrftbves s`nbkbeses qu` s` dflãfo bobkbfne keo `a `nbkte
^ýpfk Fcfre f Afcpf `a 60 n` oevb`clr`. Cbsbvfs sbcbafr`s v`oãfo n` Muabfkf y
etres aujfr`s keaafvboes neon` `a Bokf pes`ãf ouc`resfs r`afkbeo`s y `oafk`s. Xer
ýatbce, Muabæo Fpfzf guture ^ýpfk Kftfrb a` dflrãf fs`jurfne qu` tecfrãf Af Xfz y
[erftf, faa`on` `a ^btbkfkf9 y aes d`rcfoes Kftfrb s`juãfo af lr`jf `o af nbstfot`
Kdfyfotf.
^enf `stf sbtufkbûo keotrfstflf keo `a sba`okbe n`a Kuzke9 s` kfr`kãf tetfac`ot` n`
bogercfkbeo`s selr` `stf kbunfn, neon` `a gr`ot` bonbe krbeaae s` dflãf qu`lrfne9
neon` cukdes`an`cevbcb`ote
qu` fneptflf aes keomurfnes krbeaaes
y neon` aes n`g`kkbeoflfo fa keot`cpafr
kfkbqu`s keogfluafnes `a jbrepr`ses.
s` dfaaflfo sekbfa
Bjufac`ot`, n` Fr`qubpf y n` Kduqublfclf ofnf keokr`te s` keoekãf. Af c`mer
epkbûo `strftâjbkf `rf af n`a ^btbkfkf.
Ofturfac`ot`, oe gfatflfo kbrkuostfokbfs o`jftbvfs, p`re `aafs tfclbâo
`stbcuaflfo fa Bokf f cfrkdfr fa fatbpafoe. @rfo `aafs afs rbvfabnfn`s `otr`
qu`kdufs y fycfrfs9 afs pujofs sernfs keo ^ecæs Kftfrb, qub`o fspbrflf tfclbâo
f s`r \`y9 `a rfkbsce n` vfrbes n` aes kfkbqu`s keomurfnes, `sp`kbfa c`ot` n` aes
frcfrfs9 y af t`ofz epesbkbûo n` vfrbes kfkbqu`s rbkes n` af kecfrkf, tfa kece
suk`nãf keo aes Kdequ`dufokf y aes Jufrfkdb.
AF KFCXFOF N@A FA^BXAFOE= F]FOJF\E, AFCXF y FRFWB\B

Af
n`a kfcpföf n` ^ýpfk
\ãe n` af Xaftf, nfneFcfre `o`ses
qu` per Xuoe n`l`
föes n`oecbofrs`
`a aãcbt` Bovfsbûo
n` fqu`aaf n`a Wbrr`bofte
jrfo kbrkuoskrbpkbûo
keo `a Wbrr`bofte n`a X`rý pfsflf per Af \fyf.
@a prbc`r fouokbe n`a ftfqu` ae `g`ktuû `a Bokf `o Kd`kf, fan`f prûxbcf fa afje n`
Afojub, n`sn` neon` nbspuse af keok`otrfkbûo n` sus trepfs `o aes Fates n`
Xeojeöf y ern`oû qu` keo urj`okbf s` a` r`cbtb`rf uo kföûo n`sn` ^uojfsukf <4.
Af n`kbsbûo gu` n`gbobtbvfc`ot` fneptfnf `a <2 n` oevb`clr`, kbtfone f af j`ot` n`
ju`rrf n`sn` Keperfqu`, vbaaf kuzqu`öf n` mfakfs oe nbstfot`s n`a aujfr per neon`
blf f brrucpbr selr` `a `o`cbje n`a Keaafe.
@o `stf epertuobnfn, `a aafcfcb`ote n`a Bokf f af ju`rrf bosurr`kkbeofa `ogftbzflf
fýo cæs af aukdf keotrf afs futerbnfn`s, `sp`kbfac`ot` n` Fzæojfre y n`
Kfrflfyf,keo cbrfs f ‑n`strubr f aes kdfp`teo`s–, `ste `s f aes `spföea`s <2.

60
 

Fa cec`ote n` bobkbfr af eg`osbvf kece lb`o foetû `a `o`cbje ^ýpfk Fcfre oe

keotflf keo jrfo oýc`re n` gu`rzfs9 `rfo cæxbce uoes ‑tr`s cba bonbes y c`stbzes
`o tr`s nbvbsbeo`s– ;89 p`re `rf j`ot` n` tenf su keogbfozf, keo uof erjfobzfkbûo
cbabtfr fk`ptfla` y keo kb`rtf preperkbûo n` krbeaaes `o aes fates cfones9 fn`cæs,
aes keclftb`ot`s gu`reo netfnes n`= fajuofs frcfs n` gu`je. = @a ftfqu` s` prenume
`a nãf > ;6. @a prbc`r puote ekupfne gu` Cfkfrã n`sn` neon` afs tr`s nbvbsbeo`s n`
^ýpfk Fcfre pfsfreo f tecfr nbstbotes elm`tbves pfrf keov`rj`r au`je `o af
`stfokbf n` Kduqublfclf. Af `xbtesf brrupkbûo n`scereoû af n`g`osf vbrr`bofa,
prevekfone keost`rofkbûo `o afs futerbnfn`s, afs kufa`s r`pa`jfreo sus
nbspesbtbves. @s` cbsce nãf s` dflãf `m`kutfne `o Afcpf f [bcûo Oeju`rf per
keospbrfner, p`re `st` d`kde a`mes n` fc`nr`otfr f aes keomurfnes pfr`kãf
dfl`raes fobcfne cæs. Aes bo gerc`s seo uoæobc`s `o `a s`otbne qu` tenes aes
bonbes y jrfo pfrt` n` aes c`stbzes cestrflfo prekabvbnfn fa fazfcb`ote.
Fa n`sdfk`rs` af r`sbst`okbf vbrr`bofa, tenfvãf `a kurf n` Fyfvbrb trftû n` r`sbstbr y
dfstf dbze kfvfr ‑uof trbokd`rf `o af pafzf– ;<, p`re tuve qu` r`tbrfrs` keo sus
pekes s`jubner`s fot` af frr`c`tbnf n`a Bokf, qub`o kece tenf r`spu`stf f sus
frr`stes lâabkes a` dflãf fnv`rtbne qu` ‑ae `sp`rfs` f af pu`rtf n` af Bja`sbf, keo
 pfabe, kfpf n` kere, bok`osfrbe y fjuf l`onbtf kece kerr`speonãf f su p`rseof– ;;,
fot` ae kufa fqu`a sfk`rnet` vbrr`bofa ‑ sûae ftboû f dubr. @a nãf 7 `a Bokf ekupflf
tfo bcpertfot` kbunfn jfofn`rf ;>. Pof v`z `o Fyfvbrb, ^ýpfk Fcfre r`vbstû sus
gu`rzfs9 ‑boc`nbftfc`ot` puse gu`je f af kærk`a, y ‑vfrbfs `stfokbfs n` aes v`kboes–
gu`reo ekupfnfs, prek`nbâones` s`jurfc`ot` f nfr af tb`rrf f aflrb`jes y pfster`s.
Au`je ‑nbrbjbû su cfrkdf f Xukfræ Yneon`S `m`kutû afs cbscfs `xfkkbeo`s–, s`jýo
v`rsbûo vbrr`bofa ;0.
Gr`ot` fa Bokf s` `cpafzû `oteok`s `a Kerr`jbner n` Afcpf keo sus cbabkbfs. Afs
v`rsbeo`s selr` af fktbtun n`a Kerr`jbner n` Afcpf r`suatfo keotrfnbkterbfs9 s`jýo
uoes fakfozû f gercfr uo `mârkbte n` cba ekdekb`otes krbeaaes y c`stbzes keo
kb`otes n` frcfs n` gu`je ;7, ae kufa `s cuy bcprelfla`. [`jýo etres, af j`ot`
r`kautfnf qu`kduf y frcfrf kfsb tenf sflet`flf afs frcfs y s` nbsp`rsflf fa
c`oer n`skubne. Ae s`jure `s qu` `a Kerr`jbner duyû fa peke tb`cpe, n`mfone
n`sjufro`kbnf su prevbokbf, af qu` r`kblbû f ^ýpfk Fcfre `otr` fkafcfkbeo`s.
Au`je cfrkdû ‑f af etrf prevbokbf (Afcpf) keo uo sbooýc`re n` j`ot`– y pune
bogercfr f aes suyes qu` ‑tene s`ræ kece Kduclbvbakfs–, vfa` n`kbr, uo pfs`e
trbuogfa ;:. @o `s` fvfok` tecû vfrbes pu`laes cæs ;4, kece `a n` Kflfobaafs. ‑@a
nãf 2 `otrû f Afcpf, Kfpbtfa n` af Xrevbokbf n` `st` oeclr`, neo n` dflãf lfstfot`
 j`ot` n` austr` y kfunfa. Fseaû af Kærk`a, y kfsfs n` Kflbanes= sfqu`û tenfs afs
a fs n`cæs
 y n`spfkdû sus j`ot`s f afs Dfkb`onfs y Cbo`rf a`s n` aes a es @urep`es f sfl`r Lfrrbes,
Kesbe, Jey`o`kd`, Favbzurb, y f aes n`a krbeaae ^elfr, afs qu` frrubofreo n`struy`one
sus trfpbkd`s y facfk`o`s, aa`vfone kufotf p`aaf y `g`ktes `okeotrfreo.

‑Aes v`kboes n` Afcpf dflãfo kustenbfne `o af Bja`sbf, y etres `otb`rres cukdes

kfunfa`s `o ceo`nf, paftf aflrfnf y fadfmfs9 p`re n` tene s` fpen`rû perqu` a`
nflfo fvbses kb`rtes, y n`r`kdfc`ot` blf f aes aujfr`s n`a n`pûsbte f sfkfrae, keo ae
kufa n`mû fseafne `st` pu`lae. Oeclrû per su Mustbkbf cfyer fa kfkbqu` Xfkerbkeof, y
a` nbe ern`o n` qubtfr af vbnf f tene kdfp`tûo qu` `okeotrfs`= y qu` aes krbeaaes qu`
dflãfo dubne, prekurfs` frr`stfraes, y `ovbfraes f su pr`s`okbf `o kufaqub`rf pfrfm`
`o qu` s` dfaafs`.

67
 

‑N`sn` Afcpf sbjubû `a trfbner pfrf af Xrevbokbf n` Fzæojfre, `otræo nes` kece per
su Kfsf, y r`kblbâonea` aes Xu`laes kece f su [el`rfoe. Aa`jû f af Kfpbtfa n` `stf
Xrevbokbf, y `x`kutû aes cbsces n`strezes qu` `o Afcpf, frrfsfone `a nãf 6; tenes
aes jfofnes n` afs @stfokbfs9 p`re keo cæs pfrtbkuafrbnfn afs qu` p`rt`o`kãfo fa
Kfkbqu` No Nb`je Kduqubjufokf, y f su dbme N. Mesâg R sus d`rcfoes qu` `rfo afs cæs
keosbn`rfla`s n` af Xrevbokbf, `o v`ojfozf n` .dfl`r cfobg`stfne f su Kerr`jbner af
kfof qu` a` `skrblbû pfrf qu` a` pr`onb`s`, kuyf gbn`abnfn s` af kelrû lb`o `a trfbner,
 pu`s oe dule n`sk`onb`ot` suye fajuoe qu` oe pâasfs` f kukdbaae. @o tenfs `stfs
nektrbofs y pu`laes prfktbkû `a r`l`an` ae cbsce `o ern`o fa bok`onbe n` afs Kærk`a`s,
 y fa oeclrfcb`ote n` Mustbkbf Cfyer, y Kfkbqu`s, fpfr`otfone su keonuktf keo `a
`sp`kbese pr`t`xte n` qu` su æobce sûae `rf `xtbojubr \`pfbtbcb`otes, Cbtfs n`
cbo`rfa`s y Fnufofs, pfrf `ojfgafr keo `st` v`ae n` su fclbkbûo f aes Bonbes
bokfutes, qu` tfclbâo per su j`obe prep`oe fa rele dfo nfne aujfr f af s`nukkbûo,
vbâones` f tbre n` sfqu`fr= @stfokbfs y Dfkb`onfs, kece ae dfo d`kde, `o cukdfs n`
afs qu` dfo frrubofne `o `a Keaaf e, neon` dule nãf `o qu` oe lfstfreo kuftre cba
kfl`zfs n`a jfofne ev`muoe pfrf sfkbfr afs trepfs r`l`an`s– ;2.

^fa kece s` fpr`kbf, fuo n`otre n`a r`fkkbeofrbe a`ojufm` n` aes nekuc`otes
egbkbfa`s, af kfcpföf n` ^ýpfk Fcfre `o `a Keaafe r`suatû uo âxbte guajurfot`. Oe
sûae s` n`sdbze f aes keotboj`ot`s n`a `mârkbte vbrr`bofa, sboe qu` s` n`sfrtbkuaû af
erjfobzfkbûo sekbfa dbspæobkf lfsfnf `o af `xpaetfkbûo n` qu`kdufs y frcfrfs `o
dfkb`onfs,
v`z keo aescbofs y elrfm`s.
fa`rtfs Af sbtufkbûo
nfnes per A`fonre n` aes vbrr`bofa`s
[fdufrfurf oe pune
(d`rcfoe n`as`r sfavfnf
kfkbqu` y `sf
n`a
pr`slãt`re) ob keo `a fpeye bokeonbkbeofa lrbonfne per fajuoes epua`otes kfkbqu`s
keaafvboes kece aes Kdequ`dufokf.
Gu` uof ‑ju`rrf r`aæcpfje–9 per `se `a Bokf fneptû af n`kbsbûo qu` su mev`o dbme
Dbpûabte ae r`pr`s`otfs` `o Af Xfz, kbunfn neon` s` pr`pfrflf uo a`vfotfcb`ote
n` cfjobtun >8.
Dfstf `s` cec`ote, `a pafo lâabke s` `m`kutflf sftbsgfkterbfc`ot` y keo af
ekupfkbûo n` Fzæojfre `a Bokf dflãf fs`jurfne su r`tfjufrnbf= `a kfcboe f Kuzke
yf oe penrãf s`ra` bot`rrucpbne. Oe elstfot`, .kufone vfkbaflf `otr` fvfozfr
selr` Dufokfoâ e selr` Muabfkf, nbspuse uo vbrfm` peaãtbke cbabtfr qu` gu` `a `rrer
n`kbsbve n` af sula`vfkbûo. @o `g`kte, nbk` uof r`afkbûo keaeobfa qu` ‑`stfone `o
 Fzæojfre r`kblbû uoes pab`jes n` su Kert` n` ^uojfsukf, pfrf neon` r`jr`sû
fk`a`rfnfc`ot`, n`mfone `o fqu`a pu`lae per Mustbkbf Cfyer fa kfkbqu` n` Muabfkf
oeclrfne Mufo Kflufpfsf– >6 .

@oerc` y`rre `strftâjbke gu` nfr af vu`atf selr` `a Kuzke. K`nb`one fot` af epbobûo
n` nbv`rses keos`m`res `pbsteafr`s, `a Bokf s` bokaboû, qubzæ keotrf su gu`re ãotbce,
f veav`r rb`onfs keo af gbofabnfn n` bobkbfr uo ftfqu` selr` af c`trûpeab fonbof. @rf
cfobelrf n`a tene bokeov`ob`ot`, p`re r`suatf o`k`sfrbe fkafrfr qu` s` v`ãf
fs`nbfne per keostfot`s aafcfcb`otes bostæonea` f `m`kutfr `s` pafo. Aes
gercuaflfo p`rseofs qu` `o af Kert` n` ^uojfsukf kr`ãfo v`r `o `a Kuzke `a
elm`tbve boc`nbfte n` af r`veaukbûo9 y ae p`er pfrf `a Bokf `rf qu` `o ^uojfsukf yf
dflãfo tecfne c`nbnfs, pr`kbpbtfnfc`ot`. Aes n` `stf Kert` oe penãfo `ot`on`r
qu` afs keonbkbeo`s sulm`tbvfs oe s` dflãfo nfne pfrf uo ftfqu` n` aes r`l`an`s
`o uof kbunfn qu`, `o `a geone, `rf `a jrfo lfstbûo dbspæobke fonboe.

6:
 

@a Bokf k`nbû `oteok`s fot` aes frjuc`otes n` aes cæs fpfsbeofnes n` sus
keaflerfner`s, qu` n`mflfo n` afne fot`rber`s rfzeofcb`otes `strftâjbkes9
tfclbâo n`lbû p`sfr `o `a æobce n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `a guajer n`a Kuzke y `a
`otusbfsce n`rbvfne n` afs r`kb`ot`s vbkterbfs fatbpaæobkfs, p`re qubzæ ae qu` cæs
bcpuasû `a vbrfm` gu` `a jbre fneptfne `o af Kert` n` ^uojfsukf, neon` `o su
fus`okbf s` dflãf nbspu`ste a`vfs n` trepfs, oeclrfcb`otes cbabtfr`s y dfstf
fvfok`s n` du`st`s. Prjbne per tfo pr`ekupfot`s d`kdes, tecû `a kfcboe n`a
Oert`, keo n`stboe f afs ‑prevbokbfs fatfs–.
@s prelfla` qu` `oteok`s aes kfkbqu`s qu`kdufs y frcfrfs n`a Keaafe a` pbnb`rfo
qu` keotboufs` fa gr`ot` n` afs ep`rfkbeo`s selr` ` Afje ^btbkfkf, p`re cæs
p`sfreo qub`o`s ae ftrfãfo keo `a s`öu`ae n`a Kuzke, qub`o sfl` sb keo bogerc`s
v`rfk`s. Oe s` `xkauy` qu` keosbn`rfs` gækba tfr`f kuacbofr af ju`rrf n`a fatbpafoe f
trfvâs n` sus vfa`reses aujfrt`ob`ot`s.
[`f kece gu`r`, af n`kbsbûo keostbtuyû uo `rrer= `a Bokf oe n`lbû nfr af ern`o n`
cfrkdfr selr` `a Kuzke perqu` fýo oe dflãf r`kblbne af fprelfkbûo n` aes
keomurfnes `o `a bot`rber n` af kbunfn y cfrkfnfc`ot` af n` aes pfrtbnfrbes krbeaaes
qu` s` cfot`oãfo gb`a`s. Xu`ste qu` `rfo âstes qub`o`s `m`rkãfo faaã af cfyer vfaãf f
recp`r af nektrbof n`a ku`rpe n` @stfne qu` ae v`oãf jubfone.
X`er tenfvãf, af fp`rturf n` af kfcpföf selr` `a Kuzke sbjobgbkflf flrbr uo
s`juone gr`ot`9 preguone y`rre `strftâjbke.
@s uo `o`cbje n`a Bokf, M. \. [fdufrfurf, qub`o cæs s` seafzf keo `st` `rrer
brr`pfrfla`. Fkter y t`stbje n` aes d`kdes n` af r`l`abûo, `o su krûobkf dflrãf n`
kecpfrfr cfabjofc`ot` fqu`aaf n`kbsbûo keo ae ekurrbne `o `a cbte jrb`je keo
[`c`a` fot` Mýpbt`r= ‑ pr`s`otûs` `a bosurj`ot` f af cæs d`rcesf [`c`a`, `a Kuske, y
keo `a k`tre `o af cfoe n` su vfobnfn pr`t`onbû fs`c`mfrs` f Mýpbt`r, cfs a` suk`nbû
ae keotrfrbe, perqu` su prepbf fkkbûo n` pr`s`otfrs` gu` fkkbûo prepbf n` su rubof–
><. [fdufrfurf, qu` vbvbû ae qu` `skrblãf, keoekbû tenes `ses suk`ses cukdãsbce
cæs qu` cen`roes fofabstfs qu` pr`t`on`o qu` `a Bokf n`lbû tecfr `a Kuzke n`sn`
uo prbc`r cec`ote. Fa keotrfrbe, af p`rnbkbûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfre `stuve `o dfl`r
fkk`nbne f afs n`cfonfs n` qub`o`s, n`skeoekb`one af r`fabnfn, bostbjflfo `o pre
n` uo fvfok` boc`nbfte, vfabâones` n`a ofturfa frner n` cukdes kfkbqu`s y
kereo`a`s, qub`o`s
`o 0;7, dflãf bcfjboflfo,
grfkfsfne uo af
`o fsfatfr gækba trbuoge.
kbunfn Oe afs`kfusf
y qu` r`kernflf
n` `s`qu` yf Cfoke
grfkfse, BB,
qu` s`
r`p`tãf `o fqu`aaes nãfs n` :48, oe dflãf sbne etrf qu` `a fpeye r`kblbne per aes
`spföea`s n` pfrt` n` cba`s n` bonbes.
@otr` tfote, `o af Kert` n` ^uojfsukf Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs y etres m`g`s M r`l`an`s,
`otr` `aaes Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfre, fk`a`rflfo `o n`cfsãf aes pr`pfrftbves
pfrf af kfcpföf selr` Kuzke y s` nb`reo tfotf prbsf qu` n`skubnfreo uof
fn`kufnf s`a`kkbûo `o aes kufnres nbr`ktbves, `rrer qu` `o lr`v` dflrãf n` s`r gftfa
pfrf `a cevbcb`ote. Gu` fsã kece `o `a fvfok` f ae afrje n`a rãe Wbakfoetf s` vbe
m`g`s bospbrfnes per enbesbnfn rfkbstf.
@o Fzæojfre, fa cec`ote n` fneptfr af n`kbsbûo n` r`terofr f tb`rrfs kuzqu`öfs, `a
Bokf oe n`lbû n`mfr n` p`rkblbr qu` su fus`okbf `cp`zflf f r`suatfr jrfv` vbstfs
afs cukdfs bobkbftbvfs qu` s` tecflfo `o ^uojfsukf, sbo aes fpr`stes
bonbsp`osfla`s9 fsã penãf v`rs` qu` cukdes `rfo aes s`kter`s qu` s`

64
 

n`skeotreaflfo, `sp`kbfac`ot` `otr` kfcp`sboes y pfster`s qu`kdufs, qu` t`onãfo

f frrfsfr keo kufote dflãf fn`afot`. Fsã `stflf ekurrb`one keo j`ot` n` afs zeofs
n` Kftkf, Ekeojft` y vfrbfs n` Xfukfrtfcle `o afs qu`, f muzjfr per aes m`g`s qu`
t`oãfo, futeoecbofnes, âstes pres`jubrãfo frrfsfone kufote `stuvb`s` f su
fakfok`, `o uof `qubvekfnf aukdf keotrf krbeaaes y c`stbzes >;. Fsbcbsce, `s n`
pr`sucbrs` qu` `o `a terr`ot` bosurr`kkbeofa n` fqu`aaes nãfs s` sucfs`o oe pekes
n`aboku`ot`s, nfne qu` afs kærk`a`s dflãfo sbne n`ceabnfs per aes r`l`an`s fa bjufa
qu` aes elrfm`s (qu` `o pfrt` guokbeoflfo keo p`ofnes) y oe tenes aes qu` faaã
dflãfo `stfne pr`ses `rf j`ot` n` lu`of a`y9 bjufac`ot` n`l` keot`cpafrs` qu`
`o `ses föes `rfo ouc`resfs afs pfrtbnfs n` lfonea`res qu` v`oãfo fseafone
tb`rrfs surfonbofs n`sn` tb`cpe ftræs, f kfusf n`a r`krun`kbcb`ote n` af cbs`rbf.
Fajuofs n` `sfs lfonfs fakfozfreo r`seofokbf r`jbeofa y, f oe nunfrae, sus
bot`jrfot`s s` gu`reo uoes keo aes r`l`an`s y etres keo aes vbrr`bofa`s, kfnf jrupe
lus kfone su c`mer l`o`gbkbe `o `a n`sern`o qu` tenf keocekbûo sekbfa prevekf.
@o sucf, aes d`kdes s` pr`kbpbtflfo y oe dflãf cæs qu` trftfr n` `okfuzfraes,
nfne qu` oe `rf pesbla` keot`o`raes. @o ^uojfsukf, fot` af keo muokbûo n`
prela`cfs, af prepbf Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs a` dflãf `skrbte fa Bokf= tý pu`n`s nbspeo`r
`stfs kesfs c`mer, vbobâonet` pr`ste >>.

Afs ûrn`o`s n` keok`otrfkbûo pfrf fvfozfr selr` `a Kuzke dflãfo `cp`zfne f

r`pfrtbrs` n`sn` `a 0 kufone c`oes y oe oes keostf qu` ^ýpfk Fcfru fprelfs`
`sfs
cfsbveg`kdfs. @o kufaqub`r
fkufrt`afcb`ote `ogercf, keogbrcfne
^uojfsukf `a r`teroe
y far`n`ner`s, n`a Bokf
ep`rftbve qu`s`t`rcboû
fkernû`auo
2
n` nbkb`clr` >0.
Xfrf `a <8 `a kecfone dflãf nbspu`ste `a kert` n` aes pu`ot`s n` Vubqubmfof, Prkes
Kfbkfb, Xãsfk, Afcfy, Kfakf, Prulfclf >7 y etres cæs, p`re af ern`o qu`nû abcbtfnf
t`cperfac`ot` fa keotrea n` `ses pfses gauvbfa`s, vbtfa c`nbnf pfrf `a fvfok` dfkbf
`a Oert`.
@otr` tfote, frr`kbfrãfo
frr`kbfrãfo afs ju`rrfs `o `a fatbpafoe puo`öe. Nbvbnbnfs afs gu`rzfs
r`l`an`s, `a Kerr`jbner n` Xuoe, `a krbeaae Mefquão n` Er`aafof, bcprevbsû uof
n`s`sp`rfnf n`g`osf, ftrbokd`rfone af kbunfn. Au`je pfsû f af eg`osbvf selr` aes
bosurj`ot`s, ablræones` vfrbes keclft`s, `a cæs sfojrb`ote n` aes kufa`s gu` `a n`
Cfofokdbab, vbkterbf vbrr`bofa selr` aes kfunbaaes Bojfrbkeof y [fokf, f c`nbfnes n`
nbkb`clr` n` fqu`a föe n` :48.
\`vbs`ces fderf af kfcpföf n`a Bokf selr` af kbunfn n`a Kuzke y su `strft`jbf
eg`osbvf.
AE[ [PK@[E[ N@ KFAKF R XB[FK
Cb`otrfs ^ýpfk Fcfru fneptflf aes nbspesbtbves keov`ob`ot`s pfrf `a fvfok` n`a
`mârkbte, aa`jfreo afs prbc`rfs oetbkbfs selr` aes `xk`ses kec`tbnes `o Kfakf y
etres pu`laes n` af ku`okf n`a Prulfclf. @spfotesfs `sk`ofs dflãfo t`obne per
`sk`ofrbe kbunfn`s ulbkfnfs f kertf nbstfokbf n`a Kuzke. Bonbes qu`kdufs
`sp`kbfac`ot` n` Kftkf, Ekeojft` y Kfbkfb qu` s` dflãfo futeprekafcfne
kereo`a`s y kfpbtfo`s nbspusb`reo cftfozfs n` krbeaaes, n` `spföea`s, n` c`stbzes,
n` o`jres, n` zfcles, n` cuaftes y dfstf n` bonbes ` bonbfs qu` tuvb`s`o fajuof
r`afkbûo keo `spföea`s y krbeaaes. Fokbfoes y oböes n` fcles s`xes gu`reo
cfsfkrfnes sbo pb`nfn9 keo afs cum`r`s `spföeafs, krbeaafs, c`stbzfs y cuaftfs s`

62
 

aa`jû f `xk`ses bo`ofrrfla`s. Xer ýatbce, aes erofc`otes n`a kuate r`abjbese gu`reo
pregfofnes, s` l`lbû sfojr` ducfof `o aes kæabk`s y cukdes gu`reo aes kfnæv`r`s
v`mfnes `o aes prepbes fatfr`s. @ses jrupes gu`reo au`je r`p`abnes `o fkkbûo lâabkf
keomuotf per aes kereo`a`s Xucfkfduf y Aelftûo.
[bo aes derrer`s n` Kfakf, Prulfclf, Xãsfk y etres pu`laes v`kboes fa Kuzke, oe s`
dflrãf prenukbne af ked`sbûo n` `stf kbunfn keotrf ^ýpfk Fcfru9 sbo aes n`scfo`s
rfkbstfs n` vfrbes aujfrt`ob`ot`s n`a Bokf, tfa v`z dflrãf trbuogfne af sula`vfkbûo. @a
prbc`r fkte rfkbstf ekurrbû peke n`spuâs n` [fojfrfrf, `o af p`rseof n`a kfkbqu`
n` \eonekæo, Gâabx Eafrt`, c`stbze kafre qu`, oe elstfot` dfl`r p`a`fne f gfver n`
af kfusf r`l`an`, fkflû cfsfkrfne. Aes t`cer`s `o `a Kuzke `rfo cukdes y uo
sfk`rnet`, `a bonbe kreobstf \.M. [fdufrfurf, dule n` `skrblbr qu` sb aes
tupfkfcfrbstfs ‑aa`jfo f jfofr `a Kuzke, oe qu`nf lafoke keo vbnf–. @a Kuzke oe ae
eavbn`ces `rf af kbunfn keo cæs krbeaaes `o tenes aes Fon`s n`a keotbo`ot`. [elr`
afs cftfozfs y vbeafkbeo`s n` Kfakf s` pu`n` keosuatfr, `otr` etrfs r`g`r`okbfs
nekuc`otfa`s n` af âpekf, C`akder n` Xfz, B, <:4-<48 y ;<49 [fdufrfurf, ;><,;:89
Bogerc` n`a Kflbane n`a Kuzke, 6679 Keclr`tf, B, >;;9 KNBX, <ne, ;4<9 nekuc`ote
n` Kero`me, <86 `tk. Afs cftfozfs oe nbg`r`okbfreo `nfn`s, ob s`xe, ob rfzf. Afs
vbeafkbeo`s f v`k`s oe `xk`ptufreo ob f afs bonbfs uobnfs f krbeaaes e c`stbzes.
Kufone urj`ot`c`ot` n`spfkdû `a Bokf f Nb`je Krbstûlfa pfrf gr`ofr aes n`scfo`s,
`rf yf n`cfsbfne tfrn`. Oe s` `xkauy` qu` `otr` aes futer`s n` `xk`ses `stuvb`s`o
n`aboku`ot`s
n`ceabne. fot`s keo gbofnes `o afs kærk`a`s y `o aes elrfm`s qu` s` dflãf

F gbo n` keot`o`r `a fvfok` n` Xucfkduf y n` prekafcfr af futâotbkf nektrbof n` af

bosurr`kkbûo, dflrãf n` s`r `ovbfne n`spuâs Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfre, n`sn`
Prkes.
AF FKKBÛO N@ AF MPO^F WB\\@BOFA @O @A KP]KE
Af Muotf n` Ju`rrf n`a Kuzke cestrû uof oetfla` kfpfkbnfn n` erjfobzfkbûo y n`
nbsufsbûo. ^rfzû vfrbes gr`ot`s n` fkkbûo= peaãtbke, r`abjbese, `keoûcbke y,
ofturfac`ot`, cbabtfr. @o ae peaãtbke, aes vbrr`bofa`s fkernfreo uof s`rb` n`
r`gercfs sekbfa`s qu` f af pestr` r`suatfrãfo gbktbkbfs, p`re `o fqu`aaf keyuoturf
lfstfreo pfrf o`utrfabzfr y fuo ftrf`r f qu`kdufs vfkbafot`s9 `otr` `sfs
nbspesbkbeo`s
n` trblutes `o`stuvb`reo af `otr`jf
zeofs fg`ktfnfs pern`
af tb`rrfs f aes
r`l`abûo y afbonbes pelr`s, n`
susp`osbûo af `xeo`rfkbûo
aes enbfnes
r`pfrtes >:. Xfrfa`afc`ot`, af Muotf nbspuse c`nbnfs r`pr`sbvfs nbv`rsfs, n`sn` `a
fmustbkbfcb`ote n` aãn`r`s kece `a kfkbqu` ^fcledufske dfstf af prbsbûo n`
nbrbj`ot`s kece Boqubatupf y n` kb`o tes n` sesp`kdeses. Kærk`a`s bcprevbsfnfs s`
r`pa`tfreo keo j`ot` n`a Kuzke y n` etres aujfr`s >4.
Bjufac`ot`, af Muotf prek`nbû fa fc`nr`otfcb`ote n` pesbla`s keomurfnes krbeaaes,
kece Mesâ Xfafkbes. @o `a cbsce cfrke n` fkkbeo`s peaãtbkfs n`l` keot`cpafrs` af
kfcpföf psbkeaûjbkf, n`s`ovu`atf nurfot` af ýatbcf qubok`of n` 6:48, n`stbofnf f
nbguonbr y `xfj`rfr aes `xk`ses kec`tbnes per vfrbes kfpbtfo`s n` ^ýpfk Fcfre `o
af k`rkfof Kfakf, neon` kece vbces s` cfsfkrû `spföea`s y krbeaaes, sbo nbstbokbûo
n` s`xe y oe s` p`rneoû f c`stbzes ob o`jres y ob sbqub`rf f bonbes vbrr`bofa`s. ^fa
elrû af Muotf keo `a elm`tbve n` keos`jubr af gercfkbûo n` ae qu` penrãfces aafcfr
uo ‑gr`ot` ýobke n` kafs`s y rfzfs– lfme `a keotrea n` aes pfrtbnfrbes n`a ern`o
vbrr`bofa, tfr`f `o af qu` muste `s r`keoek`rae s` fakfozû âxbte flseaute.

<8
 

F obv`a `keoûcbke s` nbspusb`reo c`nbnfs urj`ot`s kece `a bcpu`ste n`a 08% f

afs utbabnfn`s, keo `a elm`te n` fpabkfrae f af n`g`osf n` af url`. Fsbcbsce, s`
erjfobzû uof r`n n` trfospert`s n` cuafs y aafcfs n`stbofnfs f p`rcbtbr `a oercfa
flfst`kbcb`ote n` af kbunfn fot` af bocbo`okbf n`a k`rke. Af tfr`f r`suatû kucpabnf
f p`sfr n` afs cba`s n` p`rseofs qu` dflãfo lus kfne r`gujbe `o af kbunfn9 v`bot`
cba s`jýo fajuoes kæakuaes tfa v`z `xfj`rfnes >2.
F obv`a r`abjbese s` fneptfreo etrfs c`nbnfs keotrf aes r`l`an`s. Af `xkecuobûo
n` ^ýpfk Fcfru y n` tenes qub`o`s a` nb`rfo fpeye e sust`ote gu` af cæs
bcpertfot` n`kbsbûo, af kufa -keovb`o` r`cfrkfrae -gu` nbktfnf per `a Elbspe
Ceskese keo uof n`cerf qu` aes `spföea`s krbtbkfreo B fk`rlfc`ot`. Vubzæ pfrf
kecp`osfr `a cfa `g`kte n` `stf n`cerf, `a Elbspe -v`rnfn`re m`g` n` af kbunfn-
neoû uof gu`rt` sucf pfrf af n`g`osf y erjfobzû cbabtfrc`ot` f aes kurfs qu` t`oãf
lfme su keotrea. Fsbcbsce, nbspuse prek`sbeo`s y uo fyuoe n` tr`s nãfs f gbo`s n`
nbkb`clr` kufone yf `stflfo n`spa`jæones` afs du`stfs n` ^ýpfk Fcfre `o `a
kfcboe f aes fates n` Ekerere 08.
F obv`a cbabtfr, af Muotf n` Ju`rrf prek`nbû `o tr`s kfcpes= erjfobzfkbûo n`
cbabkbfs, gflrbkfkbûo n` frcfs y `r`kkbûo n` lfaufrt`s. Ptbabzfone aes pekes
cbabtfr`s n` kfrr`rf qu` vbvãfo `o af kbunfn, aes qu` s` r`gujbfreo n`sn` aujfr`s
v`kboes, aes qu` vbob`reo `o r`gu`rze n` Flfokfy y aes neskb`otes kboku`otf
krbeaaes
gercfr yuobnfn`s
c`stbzes keclftbvfs
n` Fonfdufyafs
per trfãnes
kfstfs per Cfou`a n`n`s
y jr`cbes, Wbaafatf 06, s`afs
tfkfone keosbjubû
n` aes
kec`rkbfot`s, af n` aes bonbes oela`s, af n` aes <88 r`abjbeses qu` `okfl`zflf `a
prepbe Elbspe y qu` kecfonflf `a N`æo n` af Kft`nrfa, af n` aes mûv`o`s oela`s
krbeaaes kuzqu`öes, afs n` aujfr`s kece Fotf, keo su gbn`aãsbce kfkbqu` \esfs y aes
lrfves Kdbokd`res fa cfone n`a kfkbqu` Xucfkfduf.
Af gflrbkfkbûo y r`kea`kkbûo n` frcfs gu` etre elm`tbve n` af Muotf. [` guonb`reo
kföeo`s p`nr`res, s` dbkb`reo r`meo`s, s` gflrbkû pûaverf9 fsbcbsce s` dbze lfafs y
dfstf jrfofnfs, d`kdes tenes qu` `a Kflbane dflrãf n` r`kernfr keo erjuaae `o :4>,
`o uo gfcese bogerc` 0<. Poes neskb`otes gusba`s n` nbv`rse tbpe `sjrbcãfo aes
n`g`oser`s n` af kbunfn f gbo`s n` nbkb`clr`, fsã kece vfrbes kföeo`s
runbc`otfrbes. @o tetfa sucflfo vfrbes cba`s n` seanfnes keo fajuoes ku`rpes
lb`o nbskbpabofnes.
Af tfr`f n` pr`pfrfr n`g`osfs oe gu` n`skubnfnf y fsã s` kfvfreo trbokd`rfs keo
sus geses9 fsbcbsce, s` keaekû trfvb`sfs `o afs kfaa`s qu` nfo `otrfnf f af pafzf. Af
Muotf dfstf p`osû `o keov`rtbr f af kbunfn `o vbrtufa gertfa`zf, f gbo n` ablrfr uof
aukdf kfaa` per kfaa`, pu`ste qu` nbe ûrn`o`s pfrf qu` tenes aes v`kboes ‑ r`kejb`s`o
f sus kfsfs cukdfs pb`nrfs y afs tuvb`s`o `o sus lfakeo`s y v`otfofs– 0 ;.

N`sn` uo æojuae `strbktfc`ot` cbabtfr, ae cæs oetfla` `o fqu`aafs s`cfofs gu` af

fkkbûo n` Kdbtf. F uofs nes a`jufs n` af kbunfn, `o af pfcpf n` `s` oeclr`,
`cp`zfreo f keojr`jfrs` cukdes bonbes `a < n` nbkb`clr`. [` trftflf n` j`ot` n`
pfrrequbfs pepuafr`s kuzqu`öfs, n` declr`s v`obnes n` ^frfy y `ste r`suatflf ae
cæs p`abjrese n` fajuoes bonbes keo`ktfnes keo ^ýpfk Fcfru qu` dflãfo aejrfne
kruzfr afs kr`kbnfs fjufs n`a rãe Prulfclf. Oe `rfo sboe uoes s`bskb`otes, p`re f
muzjfr per ae ekurrbne, s` trftflf n` bonbvbnues nbspu`stes f tene. @a prepbe
Ceskese, fa bogercfr selr` `a suk`se nbrãf qu`–  yf d`ces vbste qu` cukdes
cukdes bonbes n`
afs pfrrequbfs sulfat`rofs a`vfotfreo frcfs pfrf n`l`afces y p`rp`trfr aes

<6
 

aftrekbobes. [` muotfreo `o cuatbtun keogusf `o af Xfcpf n` Kdbtf, a`juf y c`nbf

nbstfot` n` `stf kbunfn 0>.

Fa aujfr s` `ovbû f uo m`g` krbeaae, `a kecfonfot` Grfokbske n` Afys`qubaaf, qub`o

fpafstû krunfc`ot` `a bot`ote sulv`rsbve 00 `a nãf <<, `ste `s fa nãf sbjub`ot` n`
bobkbfne. @o v`rnfn, oes pfr`k` qu` âst` gu` uo cevbcb`ote n` fajuoes n` aes
kfkbqu`s n` af
af kbunfn n`a Kuzke `a kufa flertû perqu` aes d`kdes s` pr`kbpbtfreo
sbo cfyer keokb`rte. ^rfs af cftfozf n` aes r`l`an`s per seanfnes n` af Kecpföãf
n` Kec`rkbe y n`a \`jbcb`ote n` Fonfdufy afs, tecfreo afs kfl`zfs n` fajuoes
aãn`r`s y `cpr`onb`reo r`jr`se fa Kuzke cb`otrfs cukdes n` aes v`okbnes s`
r`ceotflfo gujbtbves f aes k`rres. Wfrbes n` aes pr`ses s`rãfo fderkfnes fa nãf
sbjub`ot` `o `a Kuzke y `xdblbnes sus ku`rpes, cb`otrfs afs kfl`zfs n` etres
r`l`an`s `rfo kafvfnfs `o afozfs9 cu`strf n` af n`kbsbûo vbrr`bofa n` cfot`o`r `a
ern`o f kufaqub`r pr`kbe.
Af Muotf nbspuse etrfs c`nbnfs kecpa`c`otfrbfs kece vbjbafr `a `strftâjbke
pu`ot` n`a rãe Fpurãcfk y af r`fabzfkbûo n` kea`ktfs 07.
Xer `ses nãfs, af Muotf n` Ju`rrf, `a Kflbane, `a Elbspe y nbv`rses v`kboes tfclbâo
`ovbfreo kfrtfs dfkbf af kestf urjb`one f Mesâ n` Fr`kd` y au`je f su vfojufrnbf
`okfl`zfnf per `a Kereo`a Jflrb`a n` Fvbaâs qu` fk`a`rf s`o afs cfrkdfs perqu` s`
p`rkblãf bocbo`ot` uo fvfok` n` aes tupfkfcfrbstfs. Au`je, fk`rkæones` af
Ofvbnfn, `a Elbspfne nbspuse pr`kfuterbfc`ot` af susp`osbûo n` afs k`r`ceobfs
r`abjbesfs qu` keogerc` af trfnbkbûo s` r`fabzflfo n` oekd` `o tenfs afs bja`sbfs9 s`
fkernû tfclbâo af gercfkbûo n` kufnres n` s`r`oes y vbjbafot`s f gbo n` `vbtfr
serpr`sfs bot`rofs 0:.
Af sbtufkbûo `o `a Kuzke s` gu` terofone `xtr`cfnfc`ot` nbgãkba `a c`s n`
nbkb`clr`, selr` tene `o af s`juonf qubok`of, c`rk`n f af a`otbtun keo qu`
fvfozflfo afs trepfs n` r`gu`rze prek`n`ot`s n` Abcf, f af fouokbfnf eg`osbvf n`
^ýpfk Fcfre, f afs rbvfabnfn`s `otr` krbeaaes y `spföea`s y fa fbsafcb`ote kfsb tetfa
n` af kbunfn. Bogercfkbeo`s pr`kbsfs bonbkflfo, fn`cæs qu` af s`nbkbûo s`
prepfjflf dfkbf `a [ur, per `a fatbpafoe. ^enes aes nãfs s` r`kblãfo oetbkbfs selr`
ou`ves fazfcb`otes `o pu`laes, kecuobnfn`s y `stfokbfs n` afs v`kbonfn`s
sur`öfs, p`re s` n`spa`jflfo oeterbes `sgu`rzes y af sbtufkbûo qu` n`mflf cukde
qu` n`s`fr
`oteok`s fa `stfaafr
-kucpabû `a a`vfotfcb`ote,
oe elstfot` dflãf c`merfne. Af -Muotf cuy krbtbkfnf
keo su n`l`r.
Af n`g`osf n`a Kuzke r`kblbû uo sestâo bokecpfrfla` `a 6½ n` `o`re n` 6:4< keo `a
frrble n` af vfojufrnbf n` afs keaucofs n` Abcf, qu` v`oãfo f cfrkdfs gerzfnfs
per Jufcfojf. @rfo neskb`otes o`jres y cuaftes ablr`s veauotfrbes, lfme `a cfone
n`a Kereo`a `spföea Jflrb`a n` Fvbaâs. ^rfãfo nek` cba kfrtukdes, kuftrekb`otes
gusba`s y qubob`otfs `spfnfs. Aes fkecpföflfo uo kert`me n` j`ot` r`kejbnf `o `a
kfcboe.
Kece r`suatflf ofturfa keo `st` sekerre kelrû fab`ote `st` v`kbonfrbe9 fsã ae
`xpr`sfrãf `a W`kboe n`a Kuzke `o gfcese `skrbte.
Aes r`gu`rzes n` aes o`jres y cuaftes abc`öes, sucfnes f aes oýka`es erjfobzfnes
`o `a Kuzke nb`reo uo tetfa n` tr`s cba seanfnes n`g`oser`s n` af pafzf `o `ses nãfs

<<
 

n`kbsbves, tfa kece ae `sp`kbgbkû `a prepbe Kflbane 04 sucæones` tfclbâo nbv`rsfs

uobnfn`s bonãj`ofs keo cukdfs trepfs cæs.
F af aa`jfnf n` Fvbaâs, a` k`nbû `a cfone cbabtfr `a Cfyer Cfou`a n` Wbaafatf,
Kerr`jbner n` Fonfdufyafs, qub`o dflãf v`obne `m`rkb`one af m`gfturf cbabtfr n` af
pafzf9 `a keotrea peaãtbke n` af kbunfn s` cfotuve `o cfoes n`a Kerr`jbner
G`rofone Bokaæo, `o c`nbe n` oe pekfs n`sfv`o`okbfs. N` Kecfonfot` n`a Kufrt`a
n` af kbunfn sbjubû `a Cfyer Mefquão Wfakærk`a.
Oe elstfot` af aa`jfnf n`a `spföea Fvbaâs, `a v`rnfn`re aãn`r n` af kbunfn `rf uo
krbeaae, `a Elbspe Ceskese, qub`o gu` fkafcfne cæs n` uof v`z `o afs kfaa`s
kusqu`öfs y pfsû f kecfonfr nbr`ktfc`ot` sus lrbjfnfs n` kurfs frcfnes.– C`
c`tã n` seanfne sbo n`mfr n` s`r Elbspe– 02 dflrãf n` `xpr`sfr cæs tfrn` `st`
keotrev`rtbne p`rseofm`, mfcæs `x`ote n` sesp`kdfs selr` ekuatfs t`on`okbfs
sulv`rsbvfs.
^fa `rf af sbtufkbûo `o `a Kuzke kufone afs fvfozfnfs vbrr`bofa`s bogercflfo qu`
afs `oerc`s du`stfs n` ^ýpfk Fcfre, qubzæ s`t`otf cba `otr` sea nfnes, fuxbabfr`s
y cum`r`s, fkfcpflfo `o afs puofs n` Ekerere `a ; n` `o`re n` 6:46.
\`trek`nfces fderf uoes nãfs f gbo n` `stunbfr `a fvfok` n`a Bokf.
AF KFCXFÖF N@A KP]KE
N`sn` Fzæojfre, `a Bokf r`teroû fa puote n` pfrtbnf n` ^uojfsukf sbjub`one af
cbscf vãf per af kufa bobkbû su kfcpföf fa Keaafe, sb`cpr` `o af rutf n` afs puofs.
C`nbtfrãf `o `a kfcboe `o teroe f ae brr`v`rsbla` n` d`kdes keosucfnes, p`osfone
fn`cæs qu` -kece su`a` ekurrbr `o peaãtbkf -`xbst` nbstfokbf `otr` ae bn`fne y afs
r`fabnfn`s. Gu` r`kbâo `o Xecfkfokdbs neon` s` muotû keo Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs. Blfo
s`jubnes fcles n` sus r`sp`ktbves keotboj`ot`s, fuoqu` aes n`a prepbe Bokf v`oãfo
lfstfot` c`rcfnes per dfl`r t`obne qu` n`mfr jrfo pfrt` n` sus c`mer`s du`st`s
`o tb`rrfs puo`öfs, f gbo n` pres`jubr afs kfcpföfs keotrf `a Kerr`jbner Mefquão n`
Er`aafof, qu` s`juãf ftrbokd`rfne `o af kbunfn n` Xuoe. Faaæ `o `a fatbpafoe
qu`nflfo cukdes n` sus c`mer`s declr`s, kece Nb`je W`rn`me, X`nre Wbakfpfzf,
Fonrâs Bojfrbkeof y Obkeaæs [fokf.
@a ou`ve `mârkbte tupfkfcfrbstf cfrkdû au`je f [fojfrfræ neon` ^ýpfk Fcfru
pfsû ‑r`vbstf j`o`rfa n` sus trepfs–. @rf `a nãf n` Ofvbnfn n` 6:489 `o sus
prekafcfs n`lbû bogercfr qu` nes nãfs ftræs dflãf r`cbtbne uo Lfone f af kbunfn
n` Fr`qubpf, fr`ojæoneaf pfrf qu` bobkbfs` fkkbeo`s r`veaukbeofrbfs 78, c`osfm`
qu` dbze kr``r f fajuoes qu` `o r`fabnfn p`osflf r`bobkbfr af kfcpföf n`a
Kuotbsuyu, per af vãf n` Kduclbvbakfs, Kfbaaecf y Kduqublfclf.
Fprelfone uof nbr`ktbvf fot`rberc`ot` keok`rtfnf, `a Bokf nbspuse uof
keok`otrfkbûo `o Vubqubmfof 76, sbtbe `o neon` s` keojr`jfrãfo tfclbâo aes
bonbskbpabofnes jrupes qu` lfmflfo n` af kernbaa`rf n` af etrf lfonf n`a rãe
Wbakfoetf, tene ae kufa s` `g`ktuû sbo cfyer`s trepb`zes `a nãf <7. Xfrf `oteok`s,
per su ku`otf, sbo keokb`rte, etrf v`z s` dflãfo fn`afotfne, keo c`tf `o Kfakf y
Prulfclf, jrfon`s keotboj`ot`s v`obnes n`sern`ofnf c`ot` n` Kftkf, Ekeojft` y
etres pfrfm`s.
@o Vubqubmfof r`vbstû ^ýpfk Fcfru f sus du`st`s y oe n`lbû n`mfr n` oetfr qu` fa
afne n` sus `skfsfs uobnfn`s cbabtfrc`ot` keogercfnfs sûae keotflf keo
<;
 

cukd`nuclr`s n` declr`s y cum`r`s qu` blfo f af ju`rrf `o pes n` vbonbkfkbûo y

oe pekes n` letão, gercf runbc`otfrbf n` af mustbkbf sekbfa. Kece sfl`ces, âa
fod`aflf mustbkbf per etrfs vãfs, p`re keogbfone `o qu` aes m`g`s qu` t`oãf
oeclrfnes keotuvb`s`o kufaqub`r n`slern`, bcpfrtbû af ern`o n` fvfozfr. Fjufs
flfme, `o Prkes, nbspuse qu` uo lrfze n`a `mârkbte fvfozfs` sbjub`one af ku`okf n`a
Prulfclf, lfme `a kecfone n` Nb`je Krbstûlfa, su prbce d`rcfoe y prbokbpfa
aujfrt`ob`ot`. @a prey`kte n` sbtbfr `a Kuzke r`qu`rãf t`o`r `a keotrea n` fqu`a rãe y
n` sus pelafkbeo`s fa`nföfs y n`sn` `sf r`jbûo n`lãf Nb`je Krbstûlfa ‑`otrfr fa
Kuzke per af Kfmf n` Fjuf, per af Gertfa`zf– 7<. R cb`otrfs aa`jflfo ou`vfs
v`rsbeo`s selr` trep`aãfs kec`tbnfs per foærqubkfs vfojufrnbfs r`l`an`s `o Kfakf
y etres pu`laes, ^ýpfk Fcfru, keo `a jru`se n`a `mârkbte fvfozû per Fonfdufyafs f
Rfofkekdf n` Ekerere, f sûae tr`s a`jufs n`a Kuzke. @otr` tfote, f gbo n` kecp`osfr
su fus`okbf n`a fatbpafoe, `ovbû uo kæabne c`osfm` f af nbstfot` Kdbkdfs, `oerc`
prevbokbf qu`kduf fatep`rufof abonfot` keo ^ukucæo, abstf f a`vfotfrs` keotrf
@spföf9 c`osfm` sbcbafr `ovbû f af gb`a Fzæojfre.
AF LF^FAAF XE\ @A KP]KE
Aes suk`ses n` Kfakf ekurrbnes nes s`cfofs fot`s vbob`reo f keogbrcfr qu` f
cukdes n` aes s`jubner`s n` af sula`vfkbûo aes bcpuasflf sûae uo fgæo n`
v`ojfozf y fktuflfo k`jfnes per af brf fkucuafnf nurfot` cæs n` nes sbjaes n`
`xpaetfkbûo y n`spr`kbe.
Xer `stf rfzûo, n`sn` uo æojuae cbabtfr, tenf af j`ot` bosurj`ot` qu` cfrkdflf keo
`a Bokf oe `rf keogbfla` per gfatf n` nbskbpabof9 p`er fýo, sus fkkbeo`s r`suatflfo
keotrfprenuk`ot`s. Xer sus kdfsqubs s`kr`tes, `a Bokf, sflãf qu` kece
keos`ku`okbf n` af cfsfkr` n` Kfakf y per t`cer f qu` s` prenum`rf uof cftfozf
s`c`mfot` `o `a prepbe Kuzke, af j`ot` n` `stf kbunfn s` uobû kece uo puöe. Fot`
aes derrer`s `xfj`rfnes per afs futerbnfn`s `o kfaa`s y pafzfs peke sbjobgbkû pfrf
pr`stbjbfr af r`veaukbûo, `a r`stfla`kbcb`ote n`a ern`o `o vfrbfs zeofs kfaqu`öfs f
gbo`s n` nbkb`clr` per afs nbskbpabofnfs du`st`s n` Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru y
n` G`abp` L`rcýn`z.
^ýpfk Fcfru, `a Bokf, n`lbû kecpr`on`r, gr`ot` f af kbunfn cæs bcpertfot` n` aes
Fon`s, af `oerc` r`speosflbabnfn qu` t`oãf `otr` cfoes. Cukde cfan`kbrãf fa
trfbner kfkbqu`
kecpabkfnes [fdufrfurf
`o af qu` faafn`aftfr
keomurf, grustrû `o oevb`clr`
tecf bokru`otf f aes kurfkfs
n` af kbunfn 7;. kuzqu`öes

@o `sf cfrkdf n` fk`rkfcb`ote fa Kuzke `a Bokf s` bogercû n` qu` aes r`gujbfnes

n` Kfakf, Prulfclf, Xãsfk y etres afnes, s` dfaaflfo `otr` aes cæs fktbves
n`g`oser`s n` af kbunfn9 tenes, sbo nbstbokbûo n` kafs`s ob n` keaer`s, s` dflafo
kefabjfne keotrf af r`l`abûo y aes `sgu`rzes n` uoes pekes qu` p`rcfo`kãfo a`fa`s
ofnf punb`reo dfk`r pfrf kfclbfr af sbtufkbûo. Cukdes bonbes n` aes frrflfa`s
kuzqu`öes punb`reo dfl`r fktufne, p`re dflãfo p`rnbne f sus m`g`s oftbves9 n`
âstes, uoes `stflfo pr`ses, etres dflãfo sbne b `m`kutfnes, y cukdes n`g`kkbeofreo
y gbofac`ot` dule trfbkbûo n` vfrbes n` `aaes, trfs af cftfozf n` Kdbtf @a < n` `o`re
n`a ou`ve föe n` 6:46 af sbtufkbûo s` fjrfvû kufone uof vfojufrnbf
tupfkfcfrbstf gu` n`strezfnf per serpr`sf `o [fyaaf per trepfs vbrr`bofa`s n`
kflfaa`rãf kecfonfnfs per Mefquão Wfakærk`a, p`r`kb`one faaã kfsb tenes aes
bot`jrfot`s n` fqu`a keotboj`ot` r`l`an`.

<>
 

Nfnf af l`abkesbnfn cestrfnf per `a Kuzke vbrr`bofa, `a Bokf sbjubû lr`jfone per
uof seaukbûo pfkãgbkf. [bo nunf `rf jubfne per af keovbkkbûo n` sfavfr `a Kuzke, n`
`vbtfraf `gusbûo n`, sfojr` p`rufof `o uof ju`rrf grftrbkbnf, n` keoseabnfr `a
prbokbpbe nektrbofrbe n` ‑ku`rpe n` @stfne–. Bcpuasfne per `stfs cetbvfkbeo`s, `a
; `ovbû uo uatbcætuc n`sn` aes Fates n` Ekerere, fp`ofs f tr`s a`jufs n` af kbunfn.
Afs `xbj`okbfs n`a Bokf `o fqu`a nãf gu`reo kboke 6 ) [upr`sbûo tetfa n`
Kerr`jbcb`otes9 <) Fleabkbûo tetfa n` aes \`pfrtes C`rkfotba`s (gfkuatfn n` aes
Kerr`jbner`s)9 ;) Vu` `o kfnf prevbokbf lfyf uo Fakfan` Cfyer n` af ofkbûo bonbfof
 y etrfs p`rseofs n` lu`of keokb`okbf, keo su`ane9 >) Kr`fkbûo n` uof \`fa
Funb`okbf `o `a Kuzke9 0) Vu` `stf Funb`okbf gu`s` pr`sbnbnf per uo Wbrr`y,
@st` `rf uo ‑pafo cãobce–, `a keomuote cec`otæo`e n` `xbj`okbfs. Po pafo per
fderf, kece `a prepbe Bokf ae s`öfaû `o `a nekuc`ote r`cbtbne. Fsbcbsce, `a egbkbe
nbrbjbne fa Kflbane keot`oãf `o su pærrfge ýatbce uo nbskr`te r`keoekbcb`ote fa \`y
n` @spföf, mu`je peaãtbke s`jurf c`ot` `okufnrfne n`otre n` af aão`f `strftâjbkf
n` veav`r f keotfr keo kb`rte s`kter krbeaae r`gercbstf.
Aes pærrfges keokbabfterbes, oe elstfot`, oe n`l`o dfk`ces eavbnfr `a kfrækt`r
keocbofterbe n`a egbkbe= `ovãe cbs `clfmfner`s pfrf qu` `o cukdf qub`tun c`
`otr`ju`o `sf kbunfn y oe c` n`o aujfr f tecfraf per afs gu`rzf, perqu` `oteok`s
`otrfrâ f sfojr` y gu`je 7>9 p`re `o v`rnfn tfa kece s` n`nuk` n` etres
nekuc`otes n`a Bokf, `rf uof cfobelrf psbkeaûjbke pu`s mfcæs p`osû `o `m`kutfr
fkkbûo n` tfa ofturfa`zf.
@a cbsce nãf `a Bokf r`cbtbû fa Elbspe n`a Kuzke uo egbkbe qu` pu`n` s`r kfabgbkfne
n` kernbfa. Keoekb`one af bogau`okbf n` qu` jezflf `a pr`afne `o `sg`rfs krbeaafs, s`
prepuse s`jurfc`ot` keoseabnfr r`afkbeo`s, p`re Ceskese r`kdfzû n` pafoe `a
keot`obne n` af cbsbvf9 ob sbqub`rf af keot`stû.
Gu` `oteok`s qu` `a Bokf s` n`kbnbû f fvfozfr, p`re n`mfone `o Ekerere af cbtfn n`
af j`ot` qu` t`oãf kece r`tfjufrnbf. Keo `aaf s` qu`nû Cbkf`af. Lfstbnfs9
prelfla`c`ot` `stf cuatbtun `rf af cæs rfnbkfabzfnf, af qu` c`oes keogbfozf
egr`kãf per su bonbskbpabof e per su rfnbkfabsce rfkbfa. Af cfrkdf gu` per af rutf n`
Kfyrf f tfcler lftb`ot` y lfon`rfs n`spa`jfnfs. Fsã, per aes k`rres, s` fsecû f af

vbstf n` af qub`o
Krbstûlfa, kbunfn.oe@otr` tfote, `a
keos`juãf Bokf r`kblãf
kruzfr oetbkbfs n` afs
`a rãe Prulfclf pernbgbkuatfn`s n` Nb`je
af r`sbst`okbf bone-
`spföeaf y ae kr`kbne n` afs fjufs.
@o `a k`rre
k`rre Xuquão dflrãf n` pr prenukbrs`
enukbrs` uo kdequ` frcfne. @a nãf 7 `a m`g`
vbrr`bofa Cfou`a Kfcp`re nbe ern`o n` fvfozfr f v`botbkboke cuaftes abc`öes
pfrf `ogr`otfr f afs fvfozfnfs tupfkfcfrbstfs. Xreote n`sk`onbû n` aes k`rres uof
cuatbtun n` r`l`an`s y f jfrretfzes
jfrretfzes y p`nrfnfs cftfreo f nb`kbsb`t` n` `aaes9 aes
n`cæs duy`reo dfkbf `a Kuzke 70. @a prepbe m`g` n` af t uobnfn vbrr`bofa p`r`kbû `o
`a `oku`otre, tene ae kufa gu` rubnesfc`ot` g`st`mfne per aes bosurr`ktes9 oe
gfatfreo au`je fajuoes `xk`ses keo aes kfnæv`r`s n` aes o`jres, `xpabkfla` `a d`kde
per af cfrkfnf rbvfabnfn qu` s`pfrflf f `stfs nes rfzfs p`rufofs.
@o `a Kuzke cukdes gu`reo aes qu` r`speosflbabzfreo fa kereo`a Cfou`a Kfcp`re
per
f susafseanfnes
n`rretf vbrr`bofa
o`jres. `o Xuquão y f Jflrb`a n` Fvbaâs per oe dfl`r kubnfne c`mer

<0
 

[ûae `a frreye n`a Kduokduaacfy s`pfrf `a k`rre Xuquão n`a k`rre, Xbkkde,
bcpertfot` pesbkbûo `strftâjbkf
`strftâjbkf qu` keotrf nbv`rses fkk`ses `a kfcboe f af rbkf
pfcpf n` Fotf. Aes `sgu`rzes n` ^upfk Fcfru s` `okfcbofrãfo f keoqubstfrae,
p`re fot`s n`kbnbû `g`ktufr uof n`cestrfkbûo n` gu`rzf keo af gbofabnfn n` elt`o`r
uof r`onbkbûo n` af kbunfn. Fsã, `a : r`fabzû uo jrfo n`sgba` per aes k`rres
kbrkuonfot`s n`a Kuzke, n`sn` neon` n`spa`jû su pen`resf frtbaa`rãf nbspfrfone fa
fbr` cukdfs fonfofnfs, keo æobce botbcbnfterbe.

X`re af kbunfn oe s` rbonbû9 ob ^ýpfk Fcfru ftfkû. ^ene bonbkf qu` `a Bokf s`juãf
`sp`rfone af r`onbkbûo e uo vbrfm` n`a s`kter krbeaae qu` s` a` dflãf fpfrtfne9
keostf qu` fajuoes c`osfm`s s`kr`tes s` bot`rkfclbfreo `otr` âa y vfrbes
p`rseofm`s kuzqu`öes9 p`re ae jrfv` `rf qu` af cfyerãf n` afs trepfs r`l`an`s
p`nãf oe sûae `a ftfqu`, tfclbâo `a bok`onbe y ,`a sfqu`e. Aes `skfses kufnres
tupfkfcfrbstfs cbabtfrc`ot` nbskbpabofnes `rfo kfnf derf c`oes kfpfk`s n`
keotreafr af turlua`okbf.
N` tenes cenes, afs fkkbeo`s `o `a k`rre Xbkkde gu`reo afs n` cfyer bcpertfokbf
`o `a ftfqu` fa Kuzke. @cp`zfreo kufone vbstf af gbrc` fktbtun n` af kbunfn, ^ýpfk
Fcfru n`kbnbû uo flafonfcb`ote frtbaa`re n` af cfyer cfjobtun. Fa r`sp`kte
keovb`o` r`kernfr qu` fuo kufone nâlba `o oýc`re n` gusba`s, `a `mârkbte r`l`an`
keotflf keo uof lu`of kfotbnfn n` kföeo`s y oe c`oes n` nek` pb`zfs `stflfo
ulbkfnfs `o aes far`n`ner`s n`a Kuzke.
B bobkbfne `a kföeo`e, aes n` af kbunfn r`speonb`reo keo cuy pekfs pb`zfs,
oetæones` fa n`kbr n` aes vbrr`bofa`s qu` `o `a tb`cpe ‑ qu` s` tbrflf uoe n` aes
ou`stres kerr`speonbf af frtbaa`rãf n`a `o`cbje keo nek`– 77, ae kufa tfclbâo r`suatf
`xpabkfla` per af prepbf pesbkbûo n` af kbunfn, qu` dfaaæones` flfme `o `a Duftfofy
r`suatflf sbtbe peke prepbkbe pfrf tbres n` `a`vfkbûo selr` aes fates k`rres
kbrkuonfot`s. Xfrf keace n` aes n`g`oser`s, uoe n` aes kföeo`s c`mer ulbkfnes n`
aes pekes qu` s` t`oãfo sfabû n` su kur`öf y fkflû boutbabzfne per `a r`ste n`a nãf, 8
kufa pfr`kbû rb`sjese perqu` `o `ses cec`otes ‑`cp`zû `a bonbe f dfk`r gu`je keo
p unb`rf prfktbkfr `otr` af j`ot` cæs kuatf n` @urepf– 7:.
`a vbjer qu` s` punb`rf

X`re oe r`suatû a`sbve `st` kföeo`e pfrf aes sbtbfnes, per af rfzûo qu` `a m`g` n` af
frtbaa`rãf, Mufo Foteobe n` Gbju`ref, n`svbflf fnr`n` aes tbres, fpuotfone fate f gbo
n` oe kfusfr
fvfok` n` uofnföe fa Kuzke
grfkkbûo 74.ouc`resf
n` su [bo keoek`r `stf trfbkbûo
bogfot`rãf, ^ýpfk Fcfru
keaekfone gusba`resnbspeoãf `a
c`stbzes
per n`afot`9 `rf faje cæs n` afs nb`z n` af cföfof n` `s` 4 n` `o`re.
X`re afs kfrjfs n` `stf bogfot`rãf `skejbnf tfcpeke r`suatfreo `gbkfk`s, nfne qu`
aes gusba`s s` `okeotrflfo sflet`fnes9 `a cbsce Gbju`ref qu` fktuflf tfclbâo
kece frc`re dflãf terkbne afs aafv`s n` afs frcfs 72. Grustrfne `st` fvfok`
cbabtfr, n` dfl`r qu`rbne `a Bokf frrfsfr f kbunfn dflrãf afozfne f sus cfsfs fa
fsfate9 uof sfojrb`otf lftfaaf, n` nuneses r`suatfnes, s` dulb`rf prenukbne
`oteok`s. Oe ae dbze.
Xer `se `o afs afn`rfs y fates n`a k`rre Xbkkde dflrãfo n` fktufr se afc`ot` afs
nbskbpabofnfs vfojufrnbfs n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, kdekfone keo aes `g`ktbves n`
Grfokbske Afys`qubaaf, `a v`ok`ner n` Kdbtf, qub`o fcpfrfne `o sus kufr`otf
gusba`res keotflf tfclbâo keo `a r`spfane n` aes cba bonbes qu`kdufs n`a kfkbqu`

<7
 

\esfs n` Fotf y afs lrbjfnfs bjufac`ot` qu`kdufs n` Xucfkfduf, `a kfkbqu` n`

Kdbokd`res.
Nbk` uo nekuc`ote keaeobfa keot`cperæo`e qu` ‑f afs eok` pr`s`otû `a r`l`an` af
lftfaaf keo tene `a rbjer n` su gu`rzf y n` prbc`rf bostfokbf tuve n`sfaemfne fa nbkde
Afys`qubaaf, p`re `st` egbkbfa veavb`one per su deoer, fobcû f su j`ot` keo uo
vbjerese gu`je dfstf af uof n`a nãf `o qu` `a r`l`an` veavbû keo cæs `cp`öe y ae puse
`o `stfne n` veav`rae f n`sfaemfr, p`re oe ae keosbjubû– :8.

Af su`rt` n`a keclft` pfr`kãf bon`kbsf, kufone ekurrb`reo d`kdes `xtrföes. Fa

seabkbtfr Afys`qubaaf r`gu`rzes oe s` aes r`cbtb`reo, oe elstfo t` dfaafrs` d`rbne. Fa
r`sp`kte, n`ouokbû uo m`g` vbrr`bofa qu` ‑r`tfrnfreo ou`stres m`g`s `a fuxbabe keo
r`p`tbkbûo p`nbne per aes egbkbfa`s `okfrjfnes n` af kustenbf n`a pu`ste y
`sp`kbfac`ot` per neo Grfokbske Afys`qubaaf– :6. Fýo cæs, `o c`nbe n`a keclft`,
`otr` afs lfafs, `a Elbspe sulbû dfstf k`rkf n` Xbkkde, s`jýo s` nbme keo æobce n`
trftfr keo ^ýpfk Fcfru9 `otr` tfote, kuonãf af n`serjfobzfkbûo `o `a kufrt`a
j`o`rfa vbrr`bofa keo ûrn`o`s y keotrf ûrn`o`s.
^fa v`z aes m`g`s cæxbces n` aes nes lfones, `a Bokf y `a Elbspe, luskflfo fajuof
gûrcuaf s`kr`tf n` o`jekbfkbûo9 jfofr tb`cpe qubzæ. Fa c`oes, ^ýpfk Fcfru oe
qubse `cpa`frs` f geone `s` nãf y per `se af lftfaaf ‑ oe gu` n`kbsbvf ob sfojrb`otf,
 per dfl`r keclftbne fcles lftfaaeo`s `o fajuof nbstfokbf y faturf, qu`lrfnf n`
 per c`nbe, f qu` obojuoe n` aes pfrtbnes qubse lfmfr per oe n`mfr f aes `o`cbjes sbtbe
sbtbe
sup`rber– :<.

Xer `stfs rfzeo`s, afs pârnbnfs n` aes keot`onb`ot`s oe r`suatfreo `a`vfnfs.

@skrblbû `a Elbspe Ceskese qu` ‑ keokauyûs` `stf fkkbûo fa foekd` k`rkeo eok`
cu`rtes `o`cbjes y kufr`otf n` aes ou`stres, qu`nfone d`rbnes cæs n` kb`o n` qu`
 p`r`kbû af cfyer pfrt`– :;.

R fuo kufone afs kbgrfs punb`rfo vfrbfr uo tfote (selr` tene sb s` tb`o` `o ku`otf
qu` aes tupfkfcfrbstfs r`kejb`reo kfsb tenes sus cu`rtes, qu` n`lb`reo s`r
cukdes cæs) oe s` fat`rf af bn`f `s`okbfa= oe dule lftfaaf f geo ne per `a Kuzke.
Po r`gu`rze vbrr`bofa nfne per Xucfkfduf keo su trepf qu`kduf (`xfktfc`ot` per
`a aujfr neon` `a Bokf `sp`rflf qu` aa`jfrãf Nb`je Krbstûlfa keo sus declr`s) gu`
uo gfkter n`k`pkbeofot` pfrf aes r`l`an`s9 p`er r`suatû `s` nãf af fprexbcfkbûo n`
vfrbes cba`s n` bonbes vbrr`bofa`s prek`n`ot`s n` Xfrure, qu` fa keaekfrs` f
r`tfjufrnbf n` aes ftfkfot`s `stuvb`reo f puote n` k`rkfraes keovbrtbâoneaes n`
sbtbfner `o sbtbfnes.
Nf af bcpr`sbûo qu` fajuoes cfones cbabtfr`s n`a Kuzke jufrnflfo tenfvãf kb`rtf
abjfzûo s`kr`tf keo ^ýpfk Fcfru9 n` etrf su`rt` oe s` `xpabkf qu` dbkb`s`o `otrfr f
af kbunfn f aes pfrur`öes, epertuobnfn qu` fprev`kdû `a Bokf pfrf r`pa`jfrs`
fqu`aaf oekd` trfs n`lftbr af sbtufkbûo keo sus kecfo nes.
Keoekbnf af ern`o n` r`tbrfnf `a 2 fa fcfo`k`r, cukdes cba`s n` r`l`an`s
n`s`rtfreo. @otr` tfote,
tfote, `a Bokf dfkãf aa`jfr etr
etree c`osfm` fa Kflbane
Kflbane n`a Kuzke,
pbnb`one ou`vfc`ot` af r`onbkbûo n` af pafzf. \`prenukbces `st` t`xte perqu` `s
cuy r`v`afner n` aes fjunes keogabktes qu` sepertflf ^ýpfk Fcfru fa gr`ot` n`
sus du`st`s=

<:
 

‑Cuy Bat`. Kflbane. [bo `clfrje n` qu` keo g`kdf n` ; n`a qu` kerr` `xpus` f W.[.[.
cb n`s`e prep`ose sb`cpr` f `vbtfr afs cu`rt`s, n`strezes, ` bok`onbes n` Kfsfs, qu`
oe s` pu`n`o `vbtfr, sb af Ju`rrf n`g`osbvf sbju` per cb pfrt`. Fy`r 4 n`a cbsce df
vbâones` fn`afotfne `stf trepf keo `a frner qu` fkestuclrf, gu`reo jfofone
t`rr`oe sbo dfk`r eg`osf, dfstf qu` af trepf n` `sf Kbunfn n`kafrû af bovfsbûo
eg`osbvf. Afs guo`stfs keos`ku`okbfs qu` `s pr`kbse s` sbjfo, c` elabjfo f
r`pr`s`otfr f W.[.[. c` v`e pr`kbsfne, f peo`ra` f af vbstf c` bostfo cbs Bonbes f
qu` a`s keok`nf
frrubofnf p`rcbse`opfrf
y keov`rtbnf `otrfr
k`obzfs, `o Dflbtfot`s
y sus `sf Kbunfn `o
f sfke. [b fsã
pfl`zf, qu`suk`n`, qu`nfræ
`s af bot`okbûo
qu` a`s d` p`o`trfne, pu`s c` egr`k`o `otr`jfraf f cb nbspesbkbûo, y qu` per
kecp`osftbve seae `sp`rfo f pelafraf `aaes cbsces sbo p`rcbtbr etre v`kbonfrbe.
X`rsufnbârfos` W.[.[. qu` `stf `xpr`sbûo af nbktf `a t`cer, p`re oe `s fsã, perqu`
t`oje f cbs ûrn`o`s boouc`rfla`
boouc`rfla` j`ot` qu` sûae `sp`rfo
`sp`rfo af qu` a`s nb`s` pfrf
pfrf
kucpabr ae qu` prec`t`. Xr`vâojfae fsã f W.[.[. pfrf qu` `stâo `o bot`abj`okbf n`
qu` cb æobce n`abl`rfne `s qu` oe s` kfus` destbabnfn f obojuoe, y qu` `ses
Ofturfa`s y W`kbonfrbe `stæo bcpu`stes `o ae keotrfrbe per p`rseofs qu` n`lãfo
bogercfraes n` af v`rnfn, cfyerc`ot` kufo ne ouokf c` d` fkecenfne f afs
r`seaukbeo`s ft`otfnfs n` `stf j`ot`, af qu` fod`af f af keosucfkbûo n` su bn`f9 y
r`k`ae pfs`o f su `x`kukbûo per fqu`aaes târcboes qu` su`a` nbktfr af brr`ga`xbûo.
Xfrf qu` fot` Nbes, ob `a \`y s` c` pu`nf bog`rber kfrje, ae peoje `o oetbkbf n`
W.[.[. pfrf qu` per c`nbe n`a keonukter No. Grfokbske L`rofa`s c` kecuobqu`o su
n`abl`rfkbûo pfrf fmustfr afs cãfs f ae qu` s`f cæs keov`ob`ot`.
Lb`o p`o`trfne t`oje s` dflræo d`kde krãtbkfs r`ga`xbeo`s selr` fn`afotfr `a \`fa
Xftrbceobe, k`sfone aes \`pfrtbcb`otes per `a s`öfafcb`ote y Fakflfaf n` su
tfrbgf9 p`re tfclbâo `stey bcpu`ste `o qu` aes C`stbzes y @spföea`s justeses
keotrblubræo f kerr`speon`okbf n` sus geones fýo cæs kfotbnfn qu` `a rânbte n` af
tfrbgf. @s lfstfot` pru`lf n` `stf v`rnfn dfaafrs` f cbs ûrn`o`s sbo vbea`okbf,
kr`kbne oýc`re n` `aaes, kece e t`oje r`pr`s`otfne f aes ^rbluofa`s qu`
kerr`speon`. Ou`stre [`öer jufrn` f W.[.[. cukdes föes Fates n` Xbkkde y @o`re 2
n` :4. L.A.C. n` W.[.[. su s`jure s`rvbner. Mes`g Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru Bokf. F aes
[`öer`s n`a Bat`. Kflbane y Fyuotfcb`ote n` af jrfo Kbunfn n`a Kuzke– :>.
@a nãf 68 ^ýpfk Fcfru qubse luskfr uo fku`rne pfkãgbke f af sbtufkbûo s`öfafone
qu` oe dflãf n`strubne `a Kuzke y qu`, n`otre n` afs ou`vfs keonbkbeo`s kr`fnfs,
fabvbfnes aes krbeaaes kuzqu`öes, s` penrãf aa`jfr f uo frr`jae, p`re `o v`rnfn aes
fkeot`kbcb`otes s` pr`kbpbtfreo `o keotrf. Oe sûae `o Ekerere af r`s`rvf
tupfkfcfrbstf dflãf sugrbne n`rretf y pfrkbfa nbsp`rsbûo fot` aes keotboj`ot`s
pfrur`öes, sboe qu` ou`vfs n`s`rkbeo`s vbob`reo f c`rcfr fýo cæs sus prepbfs
gbafs9 s` a` cfrkdflfo tenes fqu`aaes qu` ae dflãfo s`jubne `o pes n` afs rbqu`zfs
n` af fotbjuf kfpbtfa n` aes Bokfs.
@s` cbsce nãf Xucfkfduf y etres m`g`s vbrr`bofa`s, sfabnes n` af kbunfn f
bosp`kkbeofr `a kfcpe, trflfreo keclft` keo n`serjfobzfnfs r`tfjufrnbfs
r`l`an`s.
Xeke n`spuâs, n`s`kdfone yf tenf epkbûo n` fkec`t`r f af jrfo kbunfn, `a Bokf,
`okfrjû f Nb`je Krbstûlfa fk`otufr `a fs`nbe n` Xfukfrtfcle.
AF \@E\JFOB]FKBÛO BO[P\\@KBEOFA @O ^BO^F

<4
 

Lu`o mbo`t`, ^ýpfk Fcfru `stuve `o ^botf `a nãf ;9 s` n`nbkû f r`erjfobzfr sus
du`st`s fneptfone `otr` etrfs afs sbjub`ot`s c`nbnfs= a`vf n` declr`s, tfote n`
bonbes kece n` c`stbzes y krbeaaes, keo uo c`osfm` `sp`kbfa pfrf `stes ýatbces f
aes kufa`s aafcû ‑kecpftrbetfs–, uof v`z cæs9 fpafstfcb`ote n` af keotrf
r`veaukbûo `o [bkufob fpr`sfcb`ote n` fajuoes keospbrfner`s y n`kr`te n` p`of n`
cu`rt` keo pârnbnf n` lb`o`s pfrf aes n`s`rter`s9 tfclbâo fcurfaaû Keclfpftf y
ftrbokd`rû ^botf.

Keotrf ae qu` penãf supeo`rs`, `a Bokf oe s` qu`nû `o c`nbnfs n`g`osbvfs. F gbo n`

kfstbjfr f aes pfrur`öes vbrr`bofa`s (vbstes kece kuapfla`s per su fyunf fa Kuzke `a
4 n` `o`re) `ovbû faaã trepfs nbrbjbnfs per \fcûo Xeo k`, afs qu` s` lftbrãfo `o
Kfpb y Keaaflfclf, neon` dbkb`reo cukdfs cu`rt`s y `strfjes, kfcpföf `o af= kufa
curbû p`a`fone `a n`stfkfne m`g` Mufo n` Nbes Wfa`okbf9 au`je `a Bokf nbspuse qu`
^ecæs Xfrvbof pfsfs` fa Prulfclf, neon` fakfozû uof r`seofot` vbkterbf selr`
aes d`rcfoes Jutbârr`z `o Xãsfk, fp`ofs `qubablrfnf per aes vbrr`bofa`s keo af
vbkterbf n` Xucfkfduf `o Kdfdufbtbr`, neon` aejrû r`skftfr f aes selr`vbvb`ot`s n`
Xãsfk, r`gujbfnes `o uo k`rre. Oe elstfot` af fkkbûo n` Xfrvbof oe s` keosbjubû
r`stfla`k`r `a keotfkte keo Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru, qub`o s`juãf fcfjfo ne
Xfukfrtfcle, fa oer`st`.
N` ^botf pfsû `a Bokf fa Keaafe f gbo n` pres`jubr af jrfo kfcpföf qu` ouokf n`lbû
dfl`r flfoneofne.
tenepen`rese X`re `o n`a
n` nbkb`clr` `sesföe
c`nbfnes n`Dflãf
fot`rber. `o`rep`rnbne
n` 6:46`oyf`aoe `rf `a
Kuzke declr`
cukde n`
ae c`mer n` su j`ot` y dflãf p`rnbne tb`cpe. @o `st` afpse n` c`oes n` nes c`s`s
s` dflãfo gertfa`kbne ou`vfs gbjurfs fatbpaæobkfs, pfrtbkuafrc`ot` uo aãn`r pa`l`ye,
Muabfo Fpfzf, qub`o cestrfone gu`rt`s t`on`okbfs futærqubkfs s` fpr`stflf f sbtbfr
Af Xfz9 bjufa c`ot` surjãfo cukdes kurfkfs futeoecbstfs f afs erbaafs n`a ^btbkfkf.
Xer etre afne, ^ecæs Kftfrb fkflflf n` s`r fs`sbofne, p`re sus d`rcfoes Næcfse
y Obkeaæs s`juãfo af ju`rrf `o Kdfyfotf, cæs faaæ n` Af Xfz. @o sucf, af
sula`vfkbûo kr`kãf, p`re `a pen`rãe n`a Bokf, su keonukter, s` n`lbabtflf. R sb Erure
s` fpr`stflf f af r`l`abûo, Xuoe keotbouflf r`sbstb`one aes ftfqu`s
tupfkfcfrbstfs. Keo lu`o krbt`rbe, sbo recp`r `a pr`kfrbe `qubablrbe peaãtbke n` af
r`jbûo qu` `o keomuote ae gfver`kãf, `kbnbû flrbr uof ou`vf kfcpföf puobtbvf
selr` Xfrure.

KFCXFÖF N@ XF\P\E, KE^FLFCLF[, FO^FLFCLF[ R FRCF\F@[

Xer af vãf n` Fkes -fkbkfzje n` ^ecfsf ^bte Keon`cfytf-`a Bokf fvfozû dfkbf af
prevbokbf n` Xfrure, ae dbze keo æobce puobtbve :0, nfne qu` - kece nbmbces gu` f
kfusf n` aes jru`ses keotboj`ot`s pfrur`öes r`cbtbnes fa Kuzke qu` `stf kbunfn
pune v`rs` ablr` n`a fs`nbe.
Kruzfone `a rãe Fpurãcfk, `a Bokf tecû Xbaapbote, au`je Fkkdf (neo n` `m`kutû f
vfrbes `spföea`s), y cæs tfrn`, Ecfkdf. Xer `a kfcboe n` Kfpfkcfrkf kruzû `a rãe
[fote ^ecæs y fvfozû f r`jbeo`s p`rt`o`kb`ot`s fa fktufa N`pfrtfc`ote n`
Fpurãcfk, pfsfone per Xbtb y Cfrfs.
@otr` tfote, `a Kerr`jbner n` Xfrure nbspeoãf `a fvfok` n` ou`vfs gu`rzfs aekfa`s,
ekupfone fajuofs pelafkbeo`s fa [ur. Af bokursbûo vbrr`bofa aa`jû dfstf Fkepbf, f af
kufa bok`onbû, p`re au`je dule n` r`pa`jfrs` fot` af r`fkkbûo n` aes bosurj`ot`s.

<2
 

Kece ^ýpfk Fcfru dflãf p`o`trfne per `a E`st` dfstf Kduqublfclbaaf, tuve qu`
r`trek`n`r keo af gbofabnfn n` kulrbr su r`tbrfnf, bcpbnb`one qu` a` kertfs`o `a
kfcboe9 `o fqu`aaes nãfs, af r`l`abûo kuonãf tfclbâo `o Fycfrf`s y pfr`k` qu` `a
Bokf s` prepeoãf tecfr `a pu`ot` selr` `a rãe Fpurãcfk, puote læsbke `o af
`strft`jbf n` fqu`a tb`cpe, pfse ýobke per neon` dflrãf n` kruzfr `a Cfrbskfa n`a
Wfaa` keo afs trepfs abc`öfs n` r`gu`rze.
Af kfcpföf r`suatû uo trbuoge, f p`sfr n`a r`trek`se gbofa, pu`ste qu` afs ær`fs
bovfnbnfs qu`nfreo a`vfotfnfs keotrf `a pen`r `spföea. \`gbrbâones` f
Ketflfclfs, `a Elbspe n`a Kuzke `skrblbû `a < n` g`lr`re n` 6:46 qu` `a Bokf
fsecû keo tr`skb`otes y df muotfne tr`s cba. @a âxbte s` `xpabkf tfclbâo per af
kbrkuostfokbf qu` `a cevbcb`ote r`l`an` dflãf tecfne af gercf n` pfsqubo`s `o
Flfokfy y etres pu`laes :7 n`sn` `a pfsfne c`s n` oevb`clr`9 pfsqubo`s qubzæ
r`krun`kbnes `o bot`osbnfn fa a`vfrs` declr`s pfrf trepfs vbrr`bofa`s `o Flfokfy
y Fonfdufyafs f gbo n` bot`jrfr aes keotboj`ot`s r`cbtbnes keo urj`okbf fa Kuzke9
r`sbst`okbf sernf fkr`k`otfnf au`je fa pfse n` afs trepfs n` Jflrb`a n` Fvbaâs, keo
af vfojufrnbf o`jrf abc`öf. @s pesbla` tfclbâo qu` f af fjbtfkbûo `o `stfs ær`fs
keotrbluy`s` `a rucer selr` `a erbj`o flfoquboe n` Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs ::.
@stes nãfs n` kfcpföf `o Xfrure, Ketflfclfs y af fktufa Jrfu, oe elstfot` aes
âxbtes fakfozfnes, gu`reo afpse n` c`nbtfkbûo. Fuo cæs, gu` uo cec`ote n` jrfv`s
n`s`ojföes
keotrf tenfspfrf
afs `a Bokf. Cukdes
ûrn`o`s n` sus
r`kblbnfs, kfpbtfo`suof
fk`otufreo `sp`kbfac`ot` `o `a fatbpafoe,
ju`rrf n` rfzfs. [bo nunf
`cp`zflf f s`r cæs n`slernfne qu` fot`s per cukd`nuclr`s y m`g`s aekfa`s
qu`kdufs, qu` v`ãfo `o `a rfkbsce (keotrf lafokes, o`jres, c`stbzes) uof gercf
prbcfrbf n` mustbkbf sekbfa, n` v`ojfozf kea`ktbvf. Oe `s n`a kfse ofrrfr fquã afs
ftrekbnfn`s kec`tbnfs `o pu`laes kece Kdukubte, Ruojuye, Fyfvbrb, Muab, Xecftf,
^bqubof y ^fpfkfrb= lfstfræ n`kbr qu`, kece `o Kfakf, `a fs`sbofte `o cfsf oe
p`rneoû f afs cum`r`s ob f aes oböes n` af cæs kertf `nfn. Aes fatfr`s n` afs bja`sbfs
qu`nfreo pregfofnes y gu` kecýo af vbeafkbûo n` tenfs afs cum`r`s `spföeafs,
krbeaafs y c`stbzfs fot`s n` cftfrafs9 ou`vfc`ot` s` aa`jû f l`l`r sfojr` ducfof
`o aes kæabk`s sfjrfnes, n`otre n` aes t`cpaes. Boouc`rfla`s oböes gu`reo
frremfnes n` afs terr`s n` afs bja`sbfs. Ae qu` cæs n`lbû pr`ekupfr f ^ýpfk Fcfru
s`rãf `a d`kde qu` ob fuo af kbunfn n` Erure keotreafnf fa prbokbpbe per krbeaaes
tupfkfcfrbstfs dflãf penbne `vbtfr afc`otfla`s `xk`ses.
@a fod`ae n`a Bokf n` uo X`rý bot`jrfne per tenes aes ofkbnes `o su su`ae vbvb`one
kece `o uo seae ku`rpe, pfr`kãf p`rn`rs` n`gbobtbvfc`ot`. @o sus prepbfs
`spfanfs, oe a`mes n`a kufrt`a j`o`rfa, s` prenume uof ou`vf y derreresf cfsfkr`
`o Fkkdf, `a <8 n` g`lr`re :4.
N` etre afne, n`sn` `a Kuzke dflãf fvfozfne `a Kereo`a Bsbnre Jubsf seaf, `a ;, selr`
Rfofkekdf y [uaaecfye, neon` s` dflãfo r`uobne keotboj`ot`s qu`kdufs r`l`an`s
:2.
X`re `o `ses c`nbfnes n` g`lr`re `a Bokf n`skubnû uof c`mer keok`otrfkbûo n` sus
du`st`s `o tb`rrfs kuzqu`öfs. X`s` fa fvfok` n` afs gu`rzfs n` Abcf lfme `a cfone
n`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`, sbjubû pr`pfrfone uo cfsbve ftf qu` f af jrfo kbunfn n`
[erftf, `o af fktufa Leabvbf,
Leabvbf, cæs faaæ n`a ^btbkfkf9 fsbcbsce, keotbouû gfver`kb`one
af trfcf n`a ftfqu` f Af Xfz keo Muabæo Fpfzf (guture ^ýpfk Kftfrb) y cfotuve af
fprelfkbûo n`a a`vfotfcb`ote n` Erure, `a qu` s` dflãf prenukbne `aae n` `s` c`s.

;8
 

@o v`z n` `ovbfr f Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru, X`nre Wbakfpfzf y Cbju`a Lfstbnfs fa Fate
X`rý, n`lbû keo k`otrfraes `o afs v`kbonfn`s n` ^botf, f gbo n` pr`pfrfr uof ju`rrf
n`g`osbvf e, `o tene kfse, bobkbfr uo ou`ve ftfqu`. Oe elstfot`, pfrf `stf fktbtun
n`a Bokf nbsp`rsbûo n` sus trepfs punb`reo `xbstbr rfzeo`s fýo oe p`rk`ptbla`s pfrf
`a fktufa `stfne n` afs bov`stbjfkbeo`s dbstûrbkfs. @s prelfla`, per `m`cpae, qu` afs
t`on`okbfs futeoecbstfs frcfrfs gu`s`o yf cuy keosbn`rfla`s `o jrfo pfrt` n`
afs kecfrkfs fatep`rufofs, ae kufa `xbjãf uo keotrea nbr`kte9 e qubzæ fýo s`juãf

keogbfone `o uof bosurj`okbf bonekrbeaaf `o `a bot`rber n` af kbunfn n`a Kuzke.

Bjufac`ot`, `a Bokf t`oãf du`st`s keclftb`one `o `a gr`ot` n` Fr`qubpf (W`rn`me
`o Kfbaaecf) y `o Prulfclf (Nb`je Krbstûlfa n` Xãsfk frrblf)9 `xbst`o rfzeo`s
pfrf kr``r qu` uof grfkkbûo per ae c`oes n` `sfs trepfs punb`reo s`r
keok`otrfnfs lfme su cfone nbr`kte.
@o pa`of kfcpföf n` Xfrure y Ketflfclfs aa`jfreo bogercfkbeo`s f aes
kfcpfc`otes tupfkfcfrbstfs selr` qu` `a jru`se n` afs keaucofs abc`öfs n`
r`gu`rze keo cukdf trepf o`jrf s` fprexbcflfo fa Kuzke lfme `a cfone n`a
Cfrbskfa Mes`pd n`a Wfaa` y n`a Wbsbtfner Foteobe n` Fr`kd` (kbunfn f af kufa
aa`jfrãfo `a <; n` g`lr`re). Kece r`suatfne pr`vbsbla` n` uof eg`osbvf j`o`rfa
vbrr`bofa, `a Bokf n`kbnbû r`terofr f ^uojfsukf, af fan`f kfpbtfa, f gbo n` erjfobzfr
af n`g`osf keotrf afs du`st`s vbrr`bofa`s.
AF KFCXFOF N@A WBAKFOE^F
@a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` y `a Wbsbtfner Fr`kd` aa`jfreo fa Kuzke `a <> n` cfrze y n`
boc`nbfte pr`pfrfreo af jrfo `xp`nbkbûo qu` n`lãf cfrkdfr fa [ur keotrf aes
r`l`an`s. Nbk` Kfraes Nfob`a Wfakærk`a qu` ‑ prbc`re gu` fprelfne uo pafo n` ftfqu`
f lfs` n` kboke keaucofs. N`spuâs s` r`ktbgbkû `a fku`rne fprelæones` etre n` s`bs,
uo ku`rpe n` r`s`rvf y nes n`stfkfc`otes qu` `o tetfa keogercflfo uoes v`botbtrâs
cba declr`s keo afs trepfs n`mfnfs pfrf r`s jufrne n`a Kuzke– 48.
48.
Keo af aa`jfnf n` aes r`gu`rzes n` Abcf, `a `mârkbte vbrr`bofa n`a Kuzke sucflf uof
kbgrf n`skecuofa pfrf af Fcârbkf n` fqu`a tb`cpe. Af eg`osbvf s` bobkbû `a nãf > n`
cfrze n` `s` föe, fa pfrtbr uof keaucof fa cfone n`a Kereo`a Necboje Cfcfrf.
Af trepf qu` qu`nû n` jufrobkbûo `o `a Kuzke s` kecpeoãf n` 6,888 declr`s f

sfl`r= `an`r`jbcb`ote
pfrnes n` bogfot`rãf
Abcf n` 688 declr`s yn`etrf
cbabkbfs
n` aesn`veauotfrbes
fqu`aaf kbunfn= uof kecpföãf
n` Dufcfojf n`
n` etres
688 declr`s.
Af keogercfkbûo âtobkf `rf lfstfot` vfrbfnf, p`re sb`cpr` keo uof flrucfnerf
cfyerãf qu`kduf `o ern`o n` bcpertfokbf oucârbkf s`juãfo aes c`stbzes, au`je
aes krbeaaes y per ýatbce aes `spföea`s, qu` `rfo fp`ofs uof p`qu`öf cboerãf9 `stes
ýatbces keotreaflfo aes tr`s cæs fates kfrjes, sb`one krbeaaes kfsb tenes aes n`cæs
m`g`s. Aes o`jres n` Abcf s` dfaaflfo keok`otrfnes prbokbpfac`ot` `o af r`s`rvf
qu` cfrkdflf keo `a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`9 bjufa aes n`a Kfaafe. Aes kfkbqu`s, kereo`a`s
Cft`e Xucfkfduf y Obkeaæs \esfs nbrbjãfo afs c`mer`s uobnfn`s qu`kdufs.
Po c`tbkuaese nekuc`ote keaeobfa oes nf n`tfaa`s selr` af `veaukbûo n` `stfs
keaucofs vbrr`bofa`s y n` af r`s`rvf, qu` `rf af uobnfn cæs bcpertfot` Nbk` qu`
cfrkdû ‑af prbc`rf per Xfukfrtfcle, Vubspbkfokdbs y ^botf9 af s`juonf per af
qu`lrfnf n` Vubspbkfokdbs9 af t`rk`rf per aes Fates n` Ekerere, Vubspbkfokdbs, dfstf

;6
 

^uojfsukf y ^botf9 af kufrtf per Xfrure f Abvbtfkf, Kduclbvbakfs, Rfurb y Keperfqu`

f ^botf9 af qubotf per Ketflfc lfs, Kduclbvbakfs dfstf Abvbtfkf9 af s`xtf per
Xfukfrtfcle, fate n` Ekeojft` y pu`stes n` µFzerfyfst`5 y `a Ku`rpe n` \`s`rvf per
aes Fates n` Ekerere– 46 .

Kece s` fpr`kbf, tenes aes ku`rpes n` `mârkbte n`lãfo keov`rj`r selr` ^botf e
zeofs fa`nföfs, p`re ^ýpfk Fcfru oe r`gerzû sus pesbkbeo`s, oe keok`otrû sus
du`st`s, cfotuve fkkbeo`s `o vfrbes gr`ot`s.
Xreote `a Bokf y `a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` dflrãfo n` v`rs` uoe keotrf `a etre `o afs
faturfs n` Xukfkfsf. @o r`fabnfn, afs destbabnfn`s s` dflãfo bobkbfne `a 62 n` cfrze
`o Rfoqu`pfcpf, neon` ^ýpfk Fcfru s` dflãf ftrbokd`rfne `o nes k`rres N`sn`
faaã, `a `mârkbte vbrr`bofa gu` ‑ftfkfne keo cukde gu`je n` uof y etrf pfrt`9 aejrfone
n`sfaemfra` s` r`tbrû f etre k`rre boc`nbfte, aa`oe n` p`öfsqu`rãf y n` sulbnf
bofkk`sbla` per ae `skfrpfne–9 au`je n` vfrbfs `skfrfcuzfs per Juftrfpf y
[uaaecfye, s` t`rcboû `o afs faturfs n` Xukfkfsf 4<.
X\BC@\ KECLF^@ N@ XFPKF[F
@a <8 n` cfrze s` prenume uo prbc`r kdequ` `otr` afs gu`rzfs n`a Bokf 6 y afs n`a
Cfrbskfa,`o afs grãjbnfs faturfs n` Xukfkfsf.

Aes r`l`an`s
keogerc` ae ftfkfreo
ofrrû `a per tr`s m`g`
prepbe afnes`spföea
f tenf kfrr`rf nfone uof gurbesf jrbt`rãf–,
fa n`skrblbr `a `oku`otre Kufr`otf
gusba`res o`jres r`stfla`kb`reo `a ern`o `o uoe n` aes gafokes vbrr`bofa`s9 `otr`
tfote, outrbne gu`je n` kföûo `cp`zû f nb`zcfr f aes tupfkfcfrbstfs, ‑qu`
dulb`reo n` dubr pr`kbpbtfnes n`mfone `a t`rr`oe qu` pbsfreo s`clrfne n`
kfnæv`r`s–.
Wfrbes m`g`s trftfreo n` fvfozfr selr` aes r`l`an`s, p`re `a Cfrbskfa vbe rb`sjese `a
keotrftfqu` y pr`gbrbû sest`o`r sus pesbkbeo`s9 oe r`pfrû `o qu` aes
flfst`kbcb`otes dflãfo aa`jfne kfsb f k`re9 `a kabcf, fn`cæs, t`onãf f `cp`erfr.
AF \@^B\FNF N@ XFPKF[
Fa fcfo`k`r n`a << n` cfrze, ^ýpfk Fcfru pune dfl`r fakfozfne uof r`seofot`
vbkterbf selr` af prbokbpfa keaucof n` afs du`st`s vbrr`bofa`s.
Ae c`mer n`a `mârkbte n`a \`y, ‑keo tenf af pfrn`rãf– 4;, s` dfaaflf fkfcpfne `o
fqu`a sbtbe, neon` af faturf y `a grãe dflãfo n`mfne s`otbr sus `g`ktes 4>.
@a Bokf pafo`û uo ftfqu` serpr`sbve, p`re uo prbsbeo`re qu` gujû fa`rtû fa Cfrbskfa
y fsã, kufone ‑f afs kuftre n` af cföfof gu`reo ftfkfnes aes ‑¡, ou`stres keo gb`r`zf
`o c`nbe n` af ob`v` qu` kulrãf fqu`aafs s`rrfoãfs Y… S kece s` dfaaflfo selr` afs
frcfs, r`kblb`reo aes `o`cbjes uof gu`rt` n`skfrjf– 40

Aes vbrr`bofa`s keos`rvfreo `a kfcpe keo a`v`s pârnbnfs, p`re oe per cukde
tb`cpe. Fa fcfo`k`r, `a Cfrbskfa tekû r`tbrfnf ‑y `o `st` cevbcb`ote fýo
dulbârfces sbne n`rretfnes, f oe dfl`r fsecfne per uo afne af keaucof n` neo Mufo
f kec`tbnf fa `o`cbje– 47.
Cfou`a Kfcp`re, kuyf vbstf keotuve `o su fkec`tbnf

‑Dulbârfces aaerfne `a suk`se n` [fojfrfrf r`p`tbne– s` afc`otflfo aes m`g`s

vbrr`bofa`s, r`trek`nb`one 4:. ^ýpfk Fcfru ‑`stfcpû `o afs pb`nrfs af kelfrnãf n`a

;<
 

`o`cbje– `o Xukfkfsf, `skrblbrãf uo `spföea tfo fpfsbeofne kece `a futer n` ‑Af

W`rnfn N`sounf– 44. ^`rcbofne `a fprb`te, ‑lfmûs` ou`stre `mârkbte f af qu`lrfnf
Yn`a rãeS n` Vubqubmfof– r`aftf uo bogerc` cbabtfr 42. Fajuoes r`kernfrãfo kûce afs
fvfozfnfs n` ^ýpfk Fcfru aejrfreo fpuöfafr f kuftre n` aes kboke k`otbo`afs, sbo
s`r s`otbnes9 `a ýatbce sfavû f tenes, nbspfrfone su frcf 28.
E^\E[ KECLF^@[

Af r`tbrfnf n` n`a Wfaa` gu` destbabzfnf n`sn` afs faturfs, keo `skfrfcuzfs n`
`skfsf bcpertfokbf @o prbokbpbe, ^ýpfk Fcfru dflãf v`okbne9 keosbjubû `sf
vbkterbf `strftâjbkf jrfkbfs fa use n` afs puofs, n`a grãe, n`a c`nbe fclb`ot` rune,
qu` oe gu` sepertfne per aes vbrr`bofa`s, cfrkfnfc`ot` per aes krbeaaes y c`stbzes
y c`oes per aes o`jres n` Abcf, jru`se n` afs keaucofs fktufot`s `o Xukfkfsf.
@a << aes vbrr`bofa`s aa`jfreo f [uaaecfye, neon` `o cfsf n`s`rtfreo aes
keotboj`ot`s n` Fotf, s`jurfc`ot` per keotboufr af fjunf `skfs`z n` vbtufaafs
N`kbnbnf uof ou`vf r`tbrfnf s` fkernû pfsfr f Prkes, f neon` aa`jfreo r`kbâo `a <0
26.
Xer vfrbes nãfs, kboke per ae c`oes, af trepf `stuve kruzfone `a cfa pu`ot`
keajfot` n` Prkes9 `a ;6 dule uof r`vbstf j`o`rfa fa etre afne n`a rãe, y fa nãf
sbjub`ot` gu` pesbla` tecfr Vubqubmfof, qu` dflãf sbne flfoneofnf per aes
tupfkfcfrbstfs. @o vfoe Kfcp`re s` dflãf cevbabzfne per afs pfrt`s fatfs n` `stf
vbaaf, perqu` oe dule n`g`osf nbjof n` keosbn`rfkbûo 2< `o afs faturfs @o kfclbe,
per `a s`on`re n` muote fa rãe sã dule `skfrfcuzfs= ‑s` sugrbû `o tene `a kfcboe
fajýo gu`je n` af frtbaa`rãf y gusba`rãf ‑, fuo kufone sbo cfyer`s keos`ku`okbfs per
af bo`gbkfkbf n` qub`o`s cfo`mflfo afs frcfs n` gu`je, peke nukdes.
@otr` tfote, cæs ftræs, `a Wbsbtfner Fr`kd` fvfozflf keo a`otbtun9 bogercfne n` aes
suk`ses n` Xukfkfsf dflãf fk`a`rfne af cfrkdf, sugrb`one uo `clft` `o
Xfcpfkduaaf9 faaã gu` r`kblbne keo fajuoes kföeofzes, p`re aes gusba`res n` `sf
r`s`rvf fkflfreo keo af r`sbst`okbf r`l`an` 2;.
Af r`tbrfnf n`a Cfrsbkfa n` afs faturfs n` Xukfkfsf gu` fkecpföfnf n` uof cfsbvf
n`s`rkbûo n` uof `a`vfnf grfkkbûo n` afs keaucofs qu`kdufs qu` ae fpeyflfo9 s`
gu`reo `o cfsf cukdãsbces n` aes bonbes n` Fotf, n` Xfrure y dfstf j`ot` tfo
nbskbpabofnf kece af n` Xucfkfduf flfoneoû pfrkbfac`ot` af kfcpföf, `o
n`sern`o.
@ses jrupes s` nbsp`rsfreo sfqu`fone kufote dfaaflfo f su pfse9 n`kãfo f tenes
qu` af kfcpföf vbrr`bofa qu`nflf susp`onbnf9 qu` `a Cfrbskfa r`teroflf fa Kuzke
pfrf r`dfk`rs`9 qu` `a fvfok` s` r`bobkbfrãf tr`s c`s`s cæs tfrn`.
^ýpfk Fcfru nbe krânbte f `sfs v`rsbeo`s, fpfr`ot`c`ot` rftbgbkfnfs keo af jrfo
n`s`rkbûo9 fot` `sfs keosbn`rfkbeo`s ou`vfs, nbspuse qu` `a jru`se n`a `mârkbte f
su cfone gu`s` f r`spfanfr f aes kfpbtfo`s qu` v`oãfo keclftb`one `o aes gr`ot`s
n` Kduclbvbakfs (L`rcýn`z y Xfrvbof), Kfbaaecf (W`rn`me) y Prulfclf (Nb`je
Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru)
Aes suk`ses n` af ju`rrf dflrãfo preote n` n`s`ojföfrae @a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`,
ræpbnfc`ot` r`pu`ste n` af r`tbrfnf, n`kbnbû r`bobkbfr af eg`osbvf, `stf v`z per `a
cbsce vfaa` n`a rãe Wbakfoetf

;;
 

X\E[@KPKBEON@ AF KFCXFÖF
[b lb`o tenfs afs keaucofs vbrr`bofa`s presbjub`reo sus ep`rfkbeo`s `o aes
nbstbotes gr`ot`s qu` a`s dflãfo sbne fsbjofnes, af prbokbpfa keo af r`s`rvf `a
Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` keo Fvbaâs `m`rkb`reo af pr`sbûo cfyer Kece vbces, Vubqubmfof
gu` flfoneofnf, abcbtæones` aes r`l`an`s f kertfr `a pu`ot` 2>.
Dule vfrbfs r`grb`jfs= Aaekaaerf, Ceterkfokdf, Keakf, `otr` etrfs9 `o tenf af
kfcpföf selr` ^botf s` aukbû `a kereo`a vbrr`bofa Xucfkfduf, qub`o sûae `o
Cbtfcbtf p`rnbû f nb`kbsâbs n` sus n`unes `o af aukdf. Pof jrfvãsbcf `skfs`z n`
fabc`otes y gerrfm` `rf `o `stf `tfpf `a prbokbpfa prela`cf n`a Bokf9 uof v`z cæs
afs cuatbtun`s qu` ae s`juãfo a` ekfsbeoflfo ou`vfc`ot` nbgbkuatfn`s y oe fpeye
r`fa.
LF^FAAF N@ [FAKF
Af lftfaaf n`gbobtbvf s` ablrû kfsb f afs erbaafs n`a rãe [fakf, fgau`ot` n` af cfrj`o
n`r`kdf n`a Wbakfoetf, k`rkf n` Kfclfpftf, fa Oert`.
[`jýo af cæs futerbzfnf v`rsbûo vbrr`bofa, dflãf uoes nb`z cba r`l`an`s keo uof
lft`rãf ‑`o af gfanf n` uof ceotföf–. @a kecfone vbrr`bofa nbspuse uof cfrkdf per
`a aafoe qu` tuve qu` sup`rfr uof faturf, lern`æoneaf y uo fvfok` n`
`oveavbcb`ote, per ftræs n`a `o`cbje, keo ‑uof keaucof r`gerzfnf–.
Kece kfsb sb`cpr` suk`nãf, `a prepbe Xucfkfduf tecû af bobkbftbvf, ftfkfone f
^ýpfk Fcfru, p`re ‑au`je qu` fvbstfreo aes r`l`an`s uofs kfrjfs n` aes bonbes
Yvbrr`bofa`sS n` Fotf y n` Kdbokd`res, qu` s` dflãfo fn`afotfne sbo ern`o, afs
ftfkfreo keo af cfyer botr`pbn`z y esfnãf–.

Gu` `oteok`s kufone ‑uoes kflfaa`res fv`otur`res y aes Nrfjeo`s n` Abcf y

Kfrflfyaae qu` aa`vflfo af vfojufrnbf n`a @mârkbte Yvbrr`bofaS sfab`reo f af n`g`osf y
`st` cetbve gu` `cp`öfone suk`sbvfc`ot` afs n`cæs trepfs keo `a jru`se n` aes
s`nbkbeses y s` trflû af fkkbûo `o qu` gu`reo n`rretfnes kecpa`tfc`ot`, n`mfone `o
`a kfcpe n` lftfaaf uo kr`kbne oýc`re n` kfnæv`r`s, sbo keotfr bogbobtes d`rbnes qu`
r`tbrfreo e s` dbkb`reo prbsbeo`res– 20.

Af vbkterbf
o`jrf vbrr`bofa af qu`
prelfla`c`ot` n`kbnbû uo ku`rpe
‑fkec`tbû keon` k`rkffrner
tfote n` kuftrekb`otes declr`s
qu` a` n`sdbze trepf
`ot`rfc`ot`
dfkb`one uof kfrobk`rãf qu` derrerbzû f ^ýpfk Fcfru, kuye fseclre kr`kbû vb`one
qu` a` tecfreo sus kföeo`s, p`rtr`kdes, cuobkbpbes, `qubpfj`s Y…S– 27.

Fa Bokf ae sfavû su kerfm` y su n`str`zf n` frrb`re `o af ceoturf, pu`s ‑fuo `a

cbsce Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru dulb`rf qu`nfne Ypr`seS f oe B dfl`rs` abl`rtfne
 per af abj`r`zf n` uoe n` sus kflfaaes– @o `sf l`stbf ‑s` frremû f ofne per ae cæs
 preguone n`a rãe Y Wbakfoetf S, neon` `stuve cuy k`rkf n` s`r suc`rjbne
suc`rjbne `o afs fjufs
 y n` fkflfr `o `aafs su vbnf– 2:. N`sn` faaã tecû kfcboe pfrf afs puofs n` Afyf y
Afojub, sflb`one bcpesbla` tenf r`sbst`okbf `o `a rãe Wbakfoetf. @o Keclfpftf
fp`ofs qu` nflf sust`ote pfrf nes nãfs X`re fajuoes jrupes n` r`l`an`s
n`kbnb`reo `g`ktufr uo ýatbce `sgu`rze, keotrfvbob`one ûrn`o`s sup`rber`s.

@OKP@O^\E N@ KECLFXF^F

;>
 

F c`oes n` uof a`juf fa oert` n` ^botf aes tupfkfcfrbstfs dflãfo `rbjbne uof
curfaaf `o Keclfpftf, frtbaaæoneaf pr`kfrbfc`ot`, f gbo n` keot`o`r `a fvfok`
vbrr`bofa. Ae nâlba n` af `strukturf (fnel`, pb`nrf, kfktus) dbze qu` fqu`a <; n`
cfrze af aukdf gu`rf gækba pfrf aes vbrr`bofa`s.
Fa prbokbpbe oe pfr`kbû tfa, perqu` n` a`mes r`suatflf bcpesbla` els`rvfr af
n`a`zofla` keogercfkbûo n`a cure9 c`oes fýo keo kföeo`e. X`re fa r`speon`r af
`gbkfz frtbaa`rãf vbrr`bofa, af n`g`osf s` n`sdbze, n`sfpfr`kb`one fsã afs v`otfmfs qu`
nflf ‑oe sûae af ofturfa`zf n`a t`rr`oe sboe Y`aS ftrbokd`rfcb`ote brr`juafr qu`
dflãf cfonfne f keostrubr `a bonbe– @o sucf, ‑`a gu`je p`rg`ktfc`ot` nbrbjbne
 prenume qu` ae flfoneofs`o `o c`oes n` uof derf– ‑Fa s`juone kföeofze qu`nû `a
 gertão n`strezfne– dflrãf n` bonbkfr etrf v`rsbûo `spföeaf.

@A GBOFA N@ ^ÝXFK FCF\P

Xeke n`spuâs n` af tecf n` Keclfpftf, afs du`st`s vbrr`bofa`s bojr`sfreo f ^botf9
`o `st` aujfr r`kblb`reo af bogercfkbûo n` af kfpturf n`a Bokf `o Afojub f trfbkbûo,
kufone s` nbrbjãf f Fyfvbrb, f r`vb`otfkflfaae.
@a m`g` n` af bosurr`kkbûo gu` `ovbfne fa Kuzke, neon` s` a` muzjû, keon`oæones`ae f
cu`rt` fa afne n` vfrbes n` sus n`unes cæs k`rkfoes y pfrtbnfrbes9 Cbkf`af
Lfstbnfs, su `spesf y uoe n` aes dbmes n` fcles tfclbâo faaã curb`reo.
Cb`otrfs ae muzjflfo, `a Bokf nes v`k`s qubse `skfpfr, `o su fgæo n` r`bot`jrfrs` f
af aukdf. Af ju`rrf pres`juãf `o `g`kte, `o vfrbfs r`jbeo`s y n` cene pfrtbkuafr `o
`a fatbpafoe, lfme `a kecfone n` Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru, su prbce- d`rcfoe,
qub`o s` dflãf vbste gerzfne f fsucbr `a rea n` ‑ou`ve Bokf– Af aukdf fýo dflrãf n`
s`jubr per uo föe cæs.
KFCXFÖF[ N@ APJF\^@OB@O^@[ N@A BOKF @O E^\F[ Æ\@F[
N` oevb`clr` n` 6:48 f flrba n` 6:46, vfrbes n` aes aujfrt`ob`ot`s n`a Bokf
ablrfreo kfcpföfs y d`kdes lâabkes `o gr`ot`s s`pfrfnes. Aes suk`ses cæs
trfsk`on`otfa`s n` `s` p`rãene kreoeaûjbke, gu`reo aes sbjub`ot`s= prbc`r ftfqu` f
Xuoe per Obkeaæs [fokf y Fonrâs Bojfrbkeof y lftfaafs n` Cfofokdbab y Kftfkerf9
aes ftfqu`s f Xfukfrtfcle per Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru y aes keclft`s n`a
K`rre Fcfre per aes Kereo`a`s r`l`an`s Dufcforbcfkdb y Kutbcfoke9 af ju`rrf n`
Nb`je W`rn`me, `o afs sb`rrfs fr`qubp`öfs y afs lftfaafs n` Dufokfrfcf y
Erkepfcpf9 af r`sbst`okbf n` G`abp` L`rcýn`z y ^ecæs Xfrvbof `o Ketflfclfs y
Kduclbvbakfs, keo aes keclft`s n` Keakf, \ãe Rfdubof, Afye, Vublbevbrb `o aes Fates
n` [fote ^ecæs y af lftfaaf gbofa n` Btfob9 afs aukdfs n` Xfrvbof `o Prulfclf9 `a
`oku`otre n` Xbaafrf `otr` Mufo Cfcfob y aes `mârkbtes n` Fr`qubpf, per @a Keogbtfa9
`a keclft` n` Kekdbrbdufy y n` Fkkdf `o Xfrure9 af jrfo lftfaaf n` Fkes keotrf
Cfrkes ^ýpfk Fcfru9 af ou`vf r`l`abûo n` Kfakf9 afs kru`otfs aukdfs `o Kfrflfyf9
a`vfotfcb`ote n` aes d`rcfoes ^ecæs, Næcfse y Obkeaæs Kftfrb `o `a Fate X`rý=
,ou`ves suk`ses n` Kdfyfotf, fs`nbe n` Kduqubsfkf9 `a fazfcb`ote n` [`lfstbæo
Xfjfner y aes d`rcfoes \enrãju`z keo af tecf n` Erure9 `a ftfqu` y `a preaeojfne
prbc`r fs`nbe f Af Xfz qu` bobkbf ^ýpfk Kftfrb `a 6> n` cfrze n` 6:46, af
bosurj`okbf n` ^upbzf9 af r`l`abûo n` Mesâ Vubrejf `o Mumuy (fktufa Frj`otbof)9
sula`vfkbeo`s n` kfkbqu`s `o afs faturfs n` Frbkf y ^frfpfkæ, `tk.
AF[ JP@\\F[ N@ N@ XPOE @O^\@ 6:46 R 6:4<
;0
 

Xuoe, y `o j`o`rfa tenfs afs tb`rrfs keabonfot`s keo `a Afje ^btbkfkf, gu` af r`jbûo
neon` cæs s` keclftbû f ae afrje n`a fazfcb`ote. @a kbkae lâabke qu` kulr` faaã
n`sn` aes prbokbpbes n` nbkb`clr` n` 6:48 dfstf flrba n` 6:4< sâ, bobkbû keo af
trbuogfa kfcpföf n`a prepbe Bokf, tfa kece vbces fot`rberc`ot` ^ekf fderf v`r ae
qu` suk`nbû `o `sfs tb`rrfs trfs af n`rretf y kfpturf n`a cæs, fate m`g` n` af
sula`vfkbûo.
@a prbc`r d`kde c`okbeofla` `s qu` per n`kbsbûo j`o`rfa, Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk
Fcfru, prbce d`rcfoe n Mesâ Jflrb`a, s` keovbrtbû `o `a ou`ve aãn`r n` af
r`veaukbûo. @o uo prbokbpbe trftû n` r`kup`rfr prevbokbfs kusqu`öfs p`rnbnfs y
per `se s` lftbû `o Afojub Af \fyf cfrkfrãf uof s`pfrfkbûo n` afs tb`rrfs abl`rfnfs
n` af bogau`okbf n` aes vbrr`bofa`s. Af ou`vf kfpbtfa n` `ses t`rrbterbes gu` Fzæojfre,
ekupfnf yf ^uojfsukf. F ae afrje n` kfsb nb`z c`s`s `stf kbunfn s`rãf af s`n` n` uo
jelb`roe bon`p`onb`ot` p`rufoe, `a kufa sûae dflrãf n` k`sfr keo ‑af pfz n`
[bkufob–.

Fot` `a jrfo r`spfane qu` keotbouflfo pr`stfone f af kfusf vbrr`bofa kfkbqu`s

kece Xucfkfduf, \esfs y Kdequ`dufokf, `otr` kb`otes cæs n`a Oert`, `a ou`ve
jel`rofot` Nb`je Krbstûlfa erb`otû `a `sgu`rze n` su eg`osbvf selr` `a Afje
^btbkfkf, nfone cfyer r`spfane fa pafo n`a fs`nbe n` af kbunfn n` af Xfz qu`
keostbtuãf uo elm`tbve cbabtfr keo c`mer`s pesblbabnfn`s n` trbuoge9 `o j`o`rfa, s`
fk`otuû
surjbnes af
n`eg`osbvf `o tene
uo ofkb`ot` `a fatbpafoe,
futeoecbsce fuo
n` aes kufone
m`g`s oe sbo
fycfrfs. [bo fajuoes prela`cfs
nunf, ^ýpfk Kftfrb
vbe fkr`k`otfrs` sus pesblbabnfn`s n` keov`rtbrs` `o m`g` supr`ce n` af r`veaukbûo
fa s`r kfpturfne y au`je cu`rte `a Bokf Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru y n` d`kde fktuû
keo bon`p`on`okbf nurfot` fajýo tb`cpe, dfstf qu` aes ‑bokfs– Nb`je Krbstûlfa y
Fonrâs ae aafcfreo fa ern`o, oe sbo p`abjre- kece v`r`ces au`je- n` uof ju`rrf
kbvba `otr` aes cbsces fazfnes.
Bjufac`ot`, `s n` supeo`rs` qu` `o zeofs n`a Oert`, Nb`je Krbstûlfa B t`onrãf qu`
sepertfr nbv`rses prela`cfs y fajuofs nbsbn`okbfs, nfne qu` dule m`g`s qu`kdufs
qu` bosbstãfo `o uof r`founfkbûo n` afs fkkbeo`s selr` `a Kuzke, kece ae
ft`stbjufo vfrbes r`fjrupfcb`otes `o teroe fa rãe Wbakfoetf y `o afs prexbcbnfn`s
n` Kfakf y Xfukfrtfcle.

@o fpabkfkbûo n` `sf `strft`jbf, s` gbme tfclbâo kece elm`tbve af tecf n` [erftf

(jrfo kbunfn n` af fktufa Leabvbf) pfrf kuye gbo pfrtb`reo keaucofs kuzqu`öfs y
fzfojfrbofs, lfme `a cfone n` tr`s n` aes cæs kfabgbkfnes m`g`s cbabtfr`s v`t`rfoes
n` af kfcpföf fot`rber9 `a ‑bokf ceze– Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru, X`nre Wbakfpfzf y
Cbju`a Lfstbnfs, qub`o`s dflrãfo n` keos`jubr su elm`tbve.
Af r`jbûo puo`öf s` keovbrtbû fsã `o s`n` n`a jelb`roe y gu`ot` n` keotboj`ot`s y
r`kurses pfrf af jrfo r`l`abûo fonbof, keo `xk`pkbûo n` af prepbf kbunfn n` Xuoe.
@o r`afkbûo f `st` puote vfces f n`skrblbr af Kfcpföf n`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` `o `a
Keaafe.
W`ok`ner `o ^botf y ‑pfkbgbkfnfs– afs zeofs qu` dflãfo sbne kuof n`a cevbcb`ote,
`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` n`kbnbû pres`jubr su fvfok` keo `a elm`te n` fuxbabfr af kbunfn
n` Xuoe y Af Xfz.
N`spuâs n` pfrtbr fa Kuzke af kecbtbvf qu` aa`vflf kfutbve f ^ýpfk Fcfru, `a

;7
 

Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` bobkbû kfcpföf selr` `a Keaafe, keo af gbofabnfn n` fuxbabfr afs
kbunfn`s fs`nbfnfs, abl`rfr f afs ekupfnfs y kfpturfr f aes m`g`s n`a fazfcb`ote,
pfrtbkuafrc`ot` f Nb`je Krbstûlfa s`bs cba seanfnes pfrtb`reo, aa`vfone outrbnfs
keaucofs qu`kdufs y n` o`jres `o su s`oe. @otr` aes qu` s`kuonflfo fa Cfrbskfa
n`stfkflfo `a kereo`a y kfkbqu` Cft`e Xucfkfduf yf vfrbfs v`k`s pr`cbfne per
sus `sgu`rzes `o pre n`a \`y n` @spföf y `a kereo`a Jflrb`a n` Fvbaâs, guture vbrr`y
n`a X`rý.
Oe cukdes n`spuâs `a Cfrbskfa nbvbnbû sus du`st`s `o nes pfrt`s bjufa`s9 uof brãf f
af ‑pfkbgbkfkbûo n` Kfrflfyf– y f kfpturfr f Nb`je Krbstûlfa f qub`o s` supeoãf `o
fqu`aaf prevbokbf Af etrf s` `okfcbofrãf per afs puofs, aa`vfone af cbsbûo
prbokbpfa n` afs ep`rfkbeo`s 24. Xreote sbo `clfrje, af keotbouf destbabnfn n` aes
r`l`an`s y `a bot`ose grãe, r`num`reo `sfs gu`rzfs f sûae cba tr`skb`otes declr`s.
@a prbc`r `oku`otre s` ablrû `o uo k`rre aafcfne Jfksbab, per Keoners`okf y
Erurbaae, fot`s n` Fsbaae. @sf v`z keotrf afs c`sofnfs r`l`an`s s` afozû ‑v`bot`
 gusba`res, ekd`otf cbabkbfoes y s`bskb`otes bonbes n` Kdbokd`res–, aes n` Xucfkfduf
22. ^enes `aaes n`lbne f sus frcfs n` gu`je fakfozf reo ‑fa peke tb`cpe af vbkterbf,
n`rretfone f aes r`l`an`s qu` n`mfreo `o `a kfcpe n` lftfaaf cæs n` kb`o cu`rtes y
n` ou`strf pfrt` sûae ae gu`reo uo sfrj`ote n` kflfaa`rãf y nes bonbes n` Kdbokd`res,
qu`nfone d`rbnes `a kfpbtæo y `a t`ob`ot` n` af kecpföãf n` Fonfdufyafs– 688. @sf

v`z gu` v`okbne

‑pergbfnf `a vfab`ot`
v r`sbst`okbf kfpbtæo
keo sus trepfsqu`kduf Jufcfo
ouc`resfs– 686. R^fpfrf, qub`o keclftbû
qub`o s`jurfc`ot` keo
p`r`kbû
`o af lftfaaf.
Xresbjub`one su fvfok`, afs keaucofs n`a Cfrbskfa sestuvb`reo etre `oku`otre,
k`rkf n` [fotf \esf–, trfs `a kufa s` tecû fluonfot` letão y kfotbnfn n` cuafs9
cæs tfrn` tecfreo Ouöef y Afs [fabofs, d`kde trfs aes, kufa`s r`kblb`reo oetbkbf n`
qu` uof ou`vf keok`otrfkbûo n` gu`rzfs r`l`an`s aes fjufrnflfo, `stf v`z `o `a
k`rre Keonerkuye, selr` `a kfcboe qu` keonukãf f Fzæojfre 68<.

LF^FAAF N@ KEONE\KPRE
Wbakfpfzf y ^bte Ftfukdb, fabfs ‑^`rkbep`ae–, gu`reo `okfrjfnes n` k`rrfr `a pfse f
afs keaucofs vbrr`bofa`s, pfrf kuye gbo `skej`rãfo `a k`rre Keonerkuye. Gu` `stf
lftfaaf n` ae cæs r`öbnf, perqu` aes r`l`an`s r`kdfzfreo fatbvfc`ot` kufaqub`r
bonuate y Wbakfpfzf fouokbû qu` brãf selr` `a Kuzke pfrf abl`rfr f ^ýpfk Fcfru.
Krûobkfs n` af âpekf r`gb`r`o kece fqu`a : n` cfye n` 6:46 ‑af certfabnfn n` aes
trfbner`s gu` tfo jrfon` qu` per cæs n` nes a`jufs oe s` `okeotrflf sboe kfnæv`r`s
n` âstes– Kûce ekurrãf sb`cpr`, `a gu`je jrfo`fne n` aes gusba`res, o`jres, kdfafkes
y abc`öes `sp`kbfa c`ot`, s` bcpuse, s`kuonfnes `aaes per nbskbpabofnfs trepfs
qu`kdufs qu` s`juãfo f Xucfkfduf.
W`fces kûce ofrrû `st` kfkbqu` `sf kru`otf lftfaaf= ^enfs afs trepfs vbrr`bofa`s
uobnfs cfrkdfreo muotfs dfstf `a k`rre Keonerkuye ‑qu` aes bosurj`ot`s lfme `a
cfone n` su kfpbtæo X`nre Wbakfpfzf, y `a bonbe ^`rkbep`ae, dflãfo gertbgbkfne n`
tb`cpes ftræs, kece sbtbe n` af prbc`rf bcpertfokbf. Fquã `okeotrfces pfsfnes f
kukdbaae tr`k` nrfjeo`s n` Kfrflfyaae, qu` blfo n` lftbner`s n` `otrfnf [`otfreo `a
kfcpe y s` tecfreo `o uo Keos`me n` Ju`rrf qu` s` gercû tenfs afs c`nbnfs

;:
 

keonuk`ot`s fa ftfqu` n` Keonerkuye9 y qu`nû r`su`ate s` dbkb`s` âst` per tr`s pfrt`s,
s`öfaæones` `a n`a c`nbe fa J`o`rfa Fvbaâs, keo qub`o sulbû `a `xpeo`ot`, n`sfaemfone
f aes bonbes n` nbv`rsfs trbokd`rfs qu` t`oãfo `o c`nbe n`a k`rre, n`sn` afs kufa`s
 pr`kbpbtflfo pb`nrfs n` `oerc` kerpua`okbf qu` flrãfo kafres `o afs trepfs n` W.C.,
keogerc` flfoneoflfo aes pu`stes bog`rber`s s` r`tbrflfo f af `cbo`okbf n` uo cure
lb`o fate. Fquã `a J`o`rfa Fvbaâs keo `spfnf `o cfoe y aa`oe n` frner, `xdertflf keo
su `m`cpae f af gbrc`zf n` æobce y keostfokbf qu`rb`one s`r `a prbc`re `o af

`skfafnf n`an`abl`rfkbûo,
 pr`kbpbtfnf cure= Cfsa` vb`one `a `xpeo`ot`
r`pr`s`otû `a p`abjre, ykufote
ae qu` s`s`p`rnãf
fv`oturflf keo `stf
keo su cu`rt` tfa
v`z bo`vbtfla` `o `a fsfate9 tecfone f su kfrje af `skfafnf, qu` af aejrû, recpb`one
n`spuâs `a cure, pfrf qu` `otrfs`o afs trepfs gercfnfs. @o `st` puote s` r`uob`reo
afs etrfs nes keaucofs qu` ftfkflfo per nbv`rsfs pfrt`s– 68;.

Oe elstfot` af n`rretf, Wbakfpfzf, aejrû r`erjfobzfr sus du`st`s f gbo n` veav`r f

trflfr keclft` keo `a `o`cbje, trftfone n` pr`kfv`rs` keo cæs kubnfne n` af
lfrr`rf n` gu`je n` af gusba`rãf keo qu` âst` keotflf @otr` tfote aes Kereo`a`s
Obkeaæs [fokf ` Bjofkbe Bojfrbkeof pres`juãfo `a sbtbe n` Xuoe, trftfone n` tecfrae
fot`s qu` n`a Wfaa` s` fprexbcfs` cæs fa Afje ^btbkfkf .Xer su afne `a Cfrbskfa, keo
Xucfkfduf, y Fvbaâs, presbjubû su fvfok` tecfone Fzæojfre, cb`otrfs Nb`je
Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru, pfsflf f Kfrflfyf f trf`r cæs j`ot` y Wbakfpfzf, trftflf
n` trfzfr uof ou`vf aão`f n`g`osbvf, ae kufa dbze `o Xuqubofkfokfrb.
LF^FAAF N@ XPVPBOFKFOKF\B
Af lftfaaf n` Xuqubofkfokfrb `ogr`otû ou`vfc`ot` f afs du`st`s n` Wba kfpfzf keo
`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` y Xucfkfduf. @a kdequ` qu` s` ablrû `a 66 n` cfye gu` cuy
vbea`ote y, etrf v`z, cukdes pr`gbrb`reo `a subkbnbe f af r`onbkbûo.
@a prepbe Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` r`sucbû fsã `st` `oku`otre `spfrtfoe `o su
nekuc`otfkbûo cbabtfr= ‑Fa pfsfr per `a k`rre n` Xuqubofkfokfrb, qu` `s cuy fate y
tene p`öfs, sbte `o c`nbe n` uof pfcpf `o `a qu` vbces fajuoes bonbes qu` per su
kerte oýc`re s` n`spr`kbfreo9 p`re fa pfsfr afs keaucofs n` Ketflfclfs qu` v`otfo
f af r`tfjufrnbf, fvbsû n` qu` a` dflãfo fp`nr`fne n`sn` âa, per ae qu` su
kecfonfot` pbnbû p`rcbse n` ftfkfraes, ae qu` s` `m`kutû keo uo p`qu`öe
n`stfkfc`ote y, sbo `clfrje, n` oe aa`jfr f kb`o aes `o`cbjes dbkb`reo uof elstbofnf
 y lærlfrf n`g`osf y, vbâones` yf sbo r`kurse, fajuoes s` n`sp`öfreo
veauotfrbfc`ot`–9 cukdes pbnb`reo s`r lfafok`fnes `o `a sbtbe 68> .

@sk`ofs pfr`kbnfs dule, fa bjufa qu` `o etrfs zeofs fonbofs, neon` s` keclftbû
dfstf aes `xtr`ces n` af n`s`sp`rfkbûo
^rfs su trbuoge, `a `mârkbte vbrr`bofa n`a Cfrbskfa Mes`pd n`a Wfaa` keotbouû su
prejr`sbûo selr` af kbunfn n` Xuoe, k`rkfnf per aes tupfkfcfrbstfs n`sn`
c`nbfnes n` nbkb`clr` n` 6:48. @otr` tfote Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru r`bobkbflf `a
k`rke n` [erftf, keo Wbakfpfzf y Cbju`a Lfstbnfs.
Cb`otrfs s` ablrflfo `stfs lftfaafs keotrf afs gu`rzfs vbrr`bofa`s, uof jrfv` krbsbs
peaãtbkf s` dflãf fk`otufne Xer uo afne `stflfo aes aafcfnes ‑bokfs– n`a Kuzke,
Nb`je Krbstûlfa y Fonrâs `s`okbfac`ot`, qu` r`kafcflfo pfrf sã af nbr`kkbûo tetfa
n`a cevbcb`ote9
fkkbûo nbr`ktf f per `a etre
trfvâs afnelu`o
n` uo s` dfaaflf
oýc`re ^ýpfk Kftfrb, qu`
n` kfunbaaes n`dflãf
fan`fbosurjbne
f erbaafs fn`a
af

;4
 

^btbkfkf Vu`kdufs y fycfrfs tu vb`reo fsã uof keogreotfkbûo bot`rof, pujof `o af

kufa oe `stflfo fus`ot`s fajuoes gfkter`s, `o `sp`kbfa nbv`rj`okbfs `otr` af fatf
frbstekrfkbf bokfbkf y aes nbrbj`ot`s pa`l`yes.
^rfs Xuqubofkfokfrb, afs du`st`s vbrr`bofa`s keotboufreo su prejr`sbûo
nbgbkuatesfc`ot`. Xekes p`osflfo yf `o aes pafo`s bobkbfa`s n` sekerr`r Af Xfz9 af
cfyerãf n` aes m`g`s fp`ofs fod`aflf jufr`k`rs` `o Xuoe.

Xuoe, af kbunfn f af kufa s` fprexbcflfo afs trepfs n`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`, dflãf
v`obne sepertfone sfojrb`ote fs`nbe n`sn` `aae n` cfrze, gr`ot` f afs trepfs n`a
c`stbze \fcûo Xeok` y n` vfrbes m`g`s bonbes \`suatû uof ju`rrf cuy
`okfrobzfnf9 pu`laes y fuo kbunfn`s n` aes far`n`ner`s n`sfpfr`kb`reo kfsb n`a
tene (kece Muab, Xecftf, Bafv`, Kdukubte). Gu` `a n`g`oser n` Xuoe uo krbeaae,
Mefquão n` Er`aafof, qub`o frcû y `qubpû kfsb `xkausbvfc`ot` f krbeaaes y c`stbzes,
keo fkb`rte n` ern`ofr af keostrukkbûo n` uo gertão `o aes `xtrfcures. Nbspeoãf n`
kuftre kföeo`s y n` kb`ote ekd`otf gusba`s y `skep`tfs, p`re sus trepfs, f gbo`s n`
muobe, s` `okeotrflfo `xdfustfs, trfs kuftre c`s`s y c`nbe n` k`rke y n`
keclft`s, pu`ste qu` dflãf keostrubne ‑uof p`qu`öf bsaf n` gbn`abnfn `o c`nbe n`
uo cfr n` r`l`abûo– , tfa kece tfo n`skrbptbvfc`ot` s` n`gbobû af sbtufkbûo cbabtfr,
cukde fabvbe dule faaã kufone aa`jfreo v`rsbeo`s keotusfs `o teroe f af
fprexbcfkbûo n` af trepf vbrr`bofa y af pfrkbfa rupturf n`a fs`nbe.
^ECF N@ XPOE
XPOE XE\ AE[ ^ÝXFK FCF\P
@a Cfrbskfa bojr`sû f uof kbunfn n`strezfnf per afrjf aukdf, n` kfsb kboke c`s`s
Pof v`z faaã g`abkbtû f aes n`g`oser`s per tfo t`ofz r`sbst`okbf, p`re fa p`nbr
bogercfa`s `o teroe f af sbtufkbûo, âa y etres m`g`s keostftfreo af pr`kfrb`nfn `o
qu` s` dfaaflfo.
Oe gu`reo trfoqubabzfner`s aes bogerc`s r`kblbnes `o af kbunfn. Faaã supb`reo kûce
s` dflãfo vbste fkesfnes n`sn` `aae n` cfrze, g`kdf `o qu` s` bobkbû `a s`juone
k`rke9 supb`reo kûce `a ‑a`fa– kfkbqu` vbrr`bofa Fos`ace Lustbozf, dflãf sbne
`skune n` af kbunfn, keo sus bonbes n` Cföfze y etres aujfr`s, p`s` f afs
fkec`tbnfs n` suk`sbves kfpbtfo`s kece `a c`stbze \fcûo Xeok` y aes kereo`a`s
X`nre Wfrjfs, Fonrâs Bojfrbkeof, Obkeaæs [fokf, Xfskufa Fafpfrbtf y etres qu`,
muotes e suk`sbvfc`ot`,
frrflfa`s9 dflãfo
y supb`reo tfclbâo kûceftfkfne af kbunfn,
fktufone aa`jfone
per `okfrje f keclftbrs`
n` ^ýpfk `o aes
Kftfrb -Fonrâs
Jufrf dflãf tfclbâo fcfjfne af kbunfn per `a @st`. R tfo sfojrb`ote fs`nbe n`
qu`kdufs y fycfrfs pres`juãf f aes a`mes9 sûae s` dflãf p`rgerfne `o uo puote af
cfr`f ducfof qu` ren`flf af kbunfn. @o n`gbobtbvf, ae qu` pr`necboflf `o Xuoe
`rf dfclr`, `og`rc`nfn`s, kfr`okbf n` frcfs y n` cuobkbeo`s sugbkb`ot`s,
n`s`rkbeo`s9 grãe bot`ose, `tk. Fa gr`ot` fvfozflfo cuatbtun`s qu`kdufs y fycfrfs
ren`fone ou`vfc`ot` af pafzf. Af sbtufkbûo keonume f af k`a`lrfkbûo urj`ot` n` uo
Keos`me n` Ju`rrf, bospbrfne per `a prepbe Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`, `a kufa frrblfrãf fa
sbjub`ot` fku`rne=
‑@a `mârkbte qu` aa`jû dfstf
dfstf Xuoe keo `a pbfnese gbo n` abl`rt
abl`rtfr
fr f sus v`kboes qu` yf oe
t`oãfo cene n` sulsbstbr, ob n` r`tbrfrs` per `stfr sbtbfnes n` `o`cbjes, sbo `sp`rfozf
n` etre sekerre qu` `a ou`stre, keos`jubne `a bot`ote, s` vâ `o af pr`kbsbûo n` tecfr
Kufrt`a`s n` Bovb`roe, aa`vfone keo sbje f su deorfne v`kbonfrbe per afs rfzeo`s
sbjub`ot`s=

;2
 

@a `mârkbte, sûae keostf n` ekdekb`otes declr`s, n`a kufa kfsb `a tene keosbst` `o afs
trepfs n` Abcf. @stfs, fkestuclrfnfs fa kabcf nuak` n` fqu`aaf kfpbtfa, oe seo
kfpfk`s n` sugrbr per cæs tb`cpe af fsp`r`zf n` aes db`aes qu` kfnf nãf seo cfyer`s,
kuyf bokecenbnfn s` dfk` cæs bosepertfla` per `stfr n`skfazes y d`kdes p`nfzes sus
v`stbnes= gfates n` pfo f qu` per `stfr fkestuclrfnes a`s `s n` cukdf cea`stbf su
 gfatf, y keo afs tb`onfs d`kdfs
d`kdfs p`nfzes.

[b`one pu`s bonbsp`osfla` tecfr kufrt`a`s, oe qu`nf cfs frlbtrbe qu` `m`kutfrae `o
 Fr`qubpf, Af Xfz e `a Kuske pfrf qu` r`gerzfne faaã `a `mârkbte, pfsfnf af rbjbn`z n` af
`stfkbûo, s` pu`nfo keotboufr afs ep`rfkbeo`s–.

@s muste r`keoek`r qu` fa cec`ote n` tfo jrfv` n`kbsbûo, N`a Wfaa` keotflf- `o
`g`kte- keo sûae cba kboku`otf seanfnes n` aes kufa`s neskb`otes `rfo n` oeclr`9
nes cba n` sus bot`jrfot`s dflãfo sbne fobqubafnes e n`s`rtfreo nurfot` `a p`oese
fvfok` dfkbf Xuoe. Fýo cæs, fa aa`jfr f Xuoe9 fkflflf n` n`g`kkbeofr af Kecpföãf
n` Ketflfclfs keo su t`ob`ot` Mesâ Kero`me, jubfnf per `a flsurne `cp`öe n`
fakfozfr sfavfkbûo9 af fobqubafreo per Fyfvbrb y ofnb` selr`vbvbû pfrf keotfrae 680.
[`jurfc`ot` m`g`s y trepfs vbrr`bofa`s s` fc`nr`otfreo fa eãr qu` `a Keos`me n`
Ju`rrf blf f nbskutbr uo fvfok` f Af Xfz, kece `o `g`kte suk`nbû `s` <0 n` cfye n`
6:46 @o tene kfse, af n`kbsbûo n` af r`tbrfnf s` mustbgbkf per `a qu`lrfotfcb`ote n`
af nbskbpabof `o `sfs sea`nfn`s \ucer`s kerrãfo selr` qu` `a r`ste n` af trepf (keo
cukdes
n`s`rkbûocuaftes
cfsbvf n`
687.Abcf y Kfaafe) `xbjãf `a r`teroe fa Kuzke, se rb`sje n` uof
Oe gu` gækba keov`ok`r fa t`ofz Er`aafof y su vfa`resf trepf Fa gbo, ofrrfrãf uo m`g`
cbabtfr `s` cbsce <7 n` cfye tenes ‑`cpr`onbces af cfrkdf, keo jrfon` a`otbtun,
 pfrf s`jubr `a pfse n` afs cum`r`s y aes oböes n` Xuoe– 68:.

Fsã s` aa`jû f Rfofrbke9 `o `sf r`tbrfnf kb`rtes jrupes sbo nfrae f keoek`r fa
Cfrbskfa, eptfreo per uo r`trek`se luskfone `a kfcboe n` Fr`qubpf Gu`reo
`xt`rcbofnes 684
@a nãf 6;, sb`cpr` destbjfnes per pfrtbnfs n` r`l`an`s, s` prenum`reo kdequ`s
s`rbes `o Xekekducf, oe a`mes n` Pcfkdbrb Au`je s` r`fabzfreo `skfrfcuzfs cæs
s`rbfs `o Duaaecf e Duaauaaecf, `a 60, fa bokursbeofr pfrtbnfs n` kflfaa`rãf
Fsbcbsce,
af frtbaa`rãf`a
y f6:p`nbr
`o [fotf \esfn`
r`gu`rzes s` af
r`fabzfreo
bogfot`rãf`oku`otres
682. qu` elabjfreo f `cpafzfr

@otr` p`ourbfs sbo gbo, aes r`stes n`a `mârkbte vbrr`bofa kruzfreo nbgbkuatesfc`ot` Af
\fyf, fakfozfone [bkufob `a <;, neon` s` r`bot`jrû af keaucof n` Kuâaafr qu`, uo
c`s ftræs, dflãf pfrtbne dfkbf Kfrflfyf Aes m`g`s n` `st` `mârkbte vbrr`bofa s`
vfofjaerbflfo n` tr`s vbkterbfs, p`re af v`rnfn `s qu` fp`ofs n`sgbafreo
tr`skb`otes n` aes tr`s cba seanfnes qu` pfrtb`reo y n`mflfo Xuoe `o cfoes n`
Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru.
Aes sugrbcb`otes n` `s` `mârkbte fkflfreo seafc`ot` `a > n` muabe9 per ae c`oes
pfrf af vfojufrnbf qu` fqu`a nãf dbze su bojr`se fa Kuzke kecfonfne per `a prepbe
Cfrbskfaa 668.

Oe fjufrnflfo
aes far`n`nerks lu`ofs oetbkbfs9
n`a vfaa` ou`vfs
n`a Kuzke trepfs qu`kdufs
y g`st`mflfo reonflfo
af n`lfka` afs `mârkbte
n`a jrfo kecfrkfsqu`,
n`
fuoqu` v`ok`ner n`a Bokf Mesâ Jflrb`a, r`teroflf v`okbne per `a ou`ve Bokf Nb`je
>8
 

Krbstûlfa [us gu`rzfs ekupfreo Xuoe fp`ofs aes vbrr`bofa`s `vfkufreo af kbunfn,
p`re af kfpbtfa n` af r`veaukbûo keotbouû `o Fzæojfre. Nurfot` fqu`aafs s`cfofs,
Nb`je Krbstûlfa presbjubû af eg`osbvf `o tenes aes gr`ot`s9 [erftf s`rãf keoqubstfnf
y `o afs sb`rrfs n` ^frfpfkæ r`spfanfreo tfclbâo af bosurr`kkbûo.
AF [PLA@WFKBÛO N@ KECF\KF[ F\@VPBX@ÖF[
@a t`ftre n` ep`rfkbeo`s n` af r`l`abûo gu` cuy fcpabe y Fr`qubpf oe gu` fm`of fa
prek`se bosurr`kkbeofa. Cuy peke s` df `stunbfne `a p`rãene fot`rber fa `stfaabne
n` af sula`vfkbûo tupfkfcfrbstf9 s`jurfc`ot` uo foæabsbs n`t`obne nfræ fajuofs
auk`s `o teroe f aes keotfktes qu` `a Bokf n`lbû pes``r `o Fr`qubpf, neon` krbeaaes,
c`stbzes ` bonbes dflãfo fktufne n` keosuoe f prbokbpbes n` 6:48. N`otre n` `st`
`squ`cf dflrãf qu` `cp`zfr s`öfafone qu` cæs n` uo fr`qubp`öe gu` fkusfne n`
kecpabkbnfn keo `a Bokf 666. Fa r`sp`kte `xbst` uo `nbkte selr` `a qu` r`bt`rfces af
ft`okbûo 66<. R `s `a qu` nbrbjbû f aes cerfner`s n` Fr`qubpf. @o `st` nekuc`ote
`a Bokf prekafcf -kece `o obojýo etre aafcfcb`ote su fp`je f aes krbeaaes y su
n`kbsbûo s`pfrftbstf. Aa`jf fa `xtr`ce n` n`oecbofr f aes fr`qubp`öes ‑vfsfaaes
cães– egr`kbâonea`s qu` s` v`ræo ‑ablr`s n` tene– , faunb`one f ‑afs p`rv`rsfs
bcpesbkbeo`s y fc`ofzfs d`kdfs per `a r`boe n` @urepf– 66;. @a nekuc`ote `stæ
g`kdfne `a <; n` nbkb`clr` y keotb`o` uo aafcf cb`ote f af aukdf bosurr`kkbeofa.

Oe elstfot`,s`r`suatf
fr`qubp`öfs prek`n`ot`uo bokbnbr
dflãf prenukbne `o qu`
c`s fot`s, n`sn``a affvfok`
t`rk`rf fafs kecfrkfs
s`cfof n` af
r`l`abûo Kece vbces, `a Bokf fonuve per tb`rrfs n` Kfbaaecf f gbo`s n` oevb`clr`
n` 64:8, fot`s n` kruzfr Af \fyf ` bovfnbr `a Wbrr`bofte n` \ãe n` Af Xaftf 66>.
@o tene kfse, `o v`z n` fvfozfr dfkbf Fr`qubpf, `a Bokf fneptû `o afs tb`rrfs n`
Kfbaaecf uof trfsk`on`otfa n`kbsbûo= bovfnbr `a Wbrr`bofte n` Lu`oes Fbr`s, fa kufa
p`rt`o`kãf `o fqu`aaes föes Xuoe y tene `a Fate X`rý [fl`ces qu` ‑kufone `a
r`l`an` gu` f Kfbaaecf, `skrblbû f su cum`r oetbkbæonea` v`oãfo seanfnes n` Afcpf,
qu` cfonfs` muotfr tenes aes bonbes y aes pusb`rf `o aes Fates n` [usurecfye– 660.

@a fvfok` selr` Kfbaaecf qu` dflãf sbne `m`kutfne fprev`kdfone af r`tfjufrnbf n`

af j`ot` n` Kduclbvbakfs, f gbo`s n` oevb`clr`, s` veavbû fsã dfkbf Xuoe, Af Xfz y
[erftf 667.
@o `a c`s n` cfrze s` gertfa`kb`reo afs fktbvbnfn`s tupfkfcfrbstfs `o g afs tb`rrfs
fatfs n` Fr`qubpf. @o uo aujfr tenfvãf gfcese, @a Keogbtfa, uo kereo`a r`l`an`, `a
t`cbne Mufo Cfcfob, t`oãf laequ`fne `a fkk`se keo uo kfrt`a qu` r`zflf ‑Cfonf `a
\`y Bokf qu` obojuoe n` sus trfbner`s y `o`cbjes pfs`o per `stes kfcboes, se p`of
n` af vbnf  66:9 y afs kfl`zfs kertfnfs keo qu` fneroflf su kecfonfokbf oe
n`mflfo nunfs selr` af v`resbcbabtun n` sus fgbrcfkbeo`s.
^`stbceobe selr` af ou`vf bokursbûo `o r`jbeo`s fr`qubp`öfs `s uof kfrtf n`
Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs g`kdfnf `a <; n` cfrze, `o af kufa, trfs cfobg`stfr su
pr`ekupfkbûo per af fus`okbf n` oetbkbfs selr` Nb`je W`rn`me y Cfou`a
Wfan`rrfcf (dflãfo kfãne pr`ses trfs afs lftfaafs n` Dufokfrfcf u Erke pfcpf, fa
sure`st` n` Kfbaaecf), nbk` qu` ‑Jufcfovbakf s` cfotb`o` fýo `o af prevbokbf n`
Keaafjufs, f qub`o s` a` df nfne ûrn`o`s kerr`speonb`ot`s pfrf qu` r`keoezkf afs
boc`nbfkbeo`s n` Fr`qubpf– 664.
Af fktbtun n` Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs bcpabkfrãf tfa v`z uo `xfj`rfne eptbcbsce `o af
>6
 

cfrkdf n` aes fkeot`kbcb`otes e af `xbst`okbf n` fajýo pafo n` r`tbrfnf dfkbf

Fr`qubpf y oe rucle f Kfrflfyf e Fzæojfre kece ekurrbû trfs af n`rretf n` ^botf,
tr`s s`cfofs cæs tfrn`.
Fa pfr`k`r, W`rn`me y su aujfrt`ob`ot` Cfou`a Wfan`rrfcf gu`reo `otr`jfnes f
trfbkbûo per uof keaucof qu` s` nbrbjãf f Kdûqublfclf 662.
Afs keaucofs vbrr`bofa`s fr`qubp`öfs qu` v`okb`reo f afs du`st`s r`l`an`s `o aes
keclft`s n` Erke pfcpf y Dufokfrfcf, `o cfrze n` 6:46, dflrãfo n` pres`jubr
rucle fa fatbpafoe puo`öe, n` neon` tuvb`reo qu` r`tbrfrs` oe elstfot` fajuofs
vbkterbfs y af kfpturf n` uo jrupe n` nbrbj`ot`s r`l`an`s `o Afcpf 6<8.
@o Fr`qubpf, fpfrt` n` aes `oafk`s krbeaaes keo qu` s` pune keotfr per uo
cec`ote (qubzæ f trfvâs n`a Elbspe Ceskese n`a Kuzke), ^ýpfk Fcfru cfot`oãf
r`afkbûo keo bonbes bogauy`ot`s
bogauy`ot`s n` af kbunfn fj`ot`s tupfkfcfrbstfs s`jýo @us`lbe
Vubrez y Fa`mfonre Cæafjf, gu`reo uo tfa Mesâ ^fke, qu` v`oãf n` Rfurb, fsã kece
etres tr`s bonbes ‑kdfsqukres–, `ses n` aes qu` pertflfo aes kerr`es9 bonbes
keogfluafnes aes dule, n` d`kde, `o Rfofdufrf y Cbrfgaer`s, aes qu` oe penãfo
dfl`r eavbnfne tfo ræpbnfc`ot` afs cftfozfs n` prbokbpbes n` `s` cbsce föe 6<6.
Fsbcbsce, `o Fr`qubpf sbjub`reo pest`rberc`ot` mubkbes f kfkbqu`s ` bonbes n`
Cbrfgaer`s y n` Rfofdufrf, per kecpabkbnfn r`fa e supu`stf, keo `a Bokf Bjufac`ot`
s` r`jbstrû fktbvbnfn sulv`rsbvf `o tb`rrfs n`p`onb`ot`s n` Fr`qubpf, kece afs
s`rrfoãfs n` Cequ`juf, ^fkof, Frbkf y ^frfpfkæ9 y `o ^frftf dflrãfo n` n`stfkfr
aes aãn`r`s bonãj`ofs Kepfmf y ^bkeof.
Xer ýatbce, `xbst` fýo cukdf p`ouclrf far`n`ner n` af p`rseofabnfn n` Kfsbcbre
Bokf r`y, p`rseofm` n` aes pfsqubo`s n` af Fr`qubpf n` 6:48. Lfstfot` mev`o `o
fqu`a föe, n`lbû fktufr f geone `o afs trfcfs keospbrftbvfs gbofa`s, fn`cæs n` s`r
uo sãcleae f kfusf n` su abofm`. Dflãf ofkbne `o Kfbaaecf [elrboe n` Mesâ Jflrb`a
^ýpfk Fcfru, lfutbzfne `o ^uojfsukf f gbo`s n` 6:7<, kece uo cene n`
r`fgbrcfr tfo baustr` abofm`, sb`one su cfnrbof Mufof [bsf, bonbf aujfr`öf n` `s`
kfkbkfzje \bvfa`s n`a Bokf nbm`reo fajuof v`z qu` `rf su d`rcfoe y `a sflbe M.M. Weo
^skdunb, sbo n`sc`otbrae, sest`oãf qu` Kfsbcbre `rf ps`unûobce n`a gfcese Obof
Kftfrb (fuoqu` lb`o pune s`r fa r`vâs).
@o tene kfse, `xbst`o nekuc`otes bonbes qu` oecbofo r`y f Kfsbcbre ^ýpfk
Fcfru, f qub`o fajuoes nfo per cu`rte fot`s n` af sula`vfkbûo.
 FA]FCB@O^E @O FRFKPKDE
Af r`l`abûo tupfkfcfrbstf aa`jû tfclbâo f kecfrkfs n`a Elbspfne n` Dufcfojf,
kece ae df `stfla`kbne Aer`oze Du`rtfs `o sus bov`stbjfkbeo`s. Po a`vfotfcb`ote
s` prenume `o Kduojub, pfrtbne n` Dufotf, `okfl`zfne per `a bonbe fonfdufbaboe
Xflae Kdfaake. Fsbcbsce, `rfo p`rk`ptbla`s boqub`tun`s s`nbkbesfs keo tucuates y
pfsqubo`s `o af prepbf kbunfn n` Dufcfojf, fsã kece `o Vubouf, Wbsdeojes,
Kdbrblfclf, Kfrflfclf y Kfcpfofyek Dufotf gu` tfa v`z `a ær`f cæs cevbnf per
n`sûrn`o`s fjrfrbes y urlfoes, fuoqu` kafre `o `skfaf r`nukbnf. @a trfsgeone
sekbfa `rf af pelr`zf fk`otufnf n` aes ýatbces n`k`obes, fa bjufa qu` `o `a r`ste n`

aes Fon`s n`aFapfkf

n` Aer`oze [ur, fsãy kece
n` aeslret`s n` lfonea`rbsce,
d`rcfoes keceafne,
Xftbt`r. N` etre ekurrãf keo afs
s` sfl` qu`lfonfs
dule
r`sbst`okbf `otr` aes bonbes f bot`jrfr afs keaucofs qu` s` erjfobzfreo pfrf
><
 

cfrkdfr keotrf ^ýpfk Fcfru, fuoqu` fa gbofa s` aejrû gercfr uof keaucof qu`
bokause dbze jufrnbf `o af Xafzf n` Fukfypftf `a nãf n` af `m`kukbûo n`a Bokf Xflae
Kdfaake, `c`rjbû `ses nãfs kece uo futâotbke aãn`r kfcp`sboe Ba`trfne y oftbvbstf,
oe n`mflf n` r`onbr kuate f aes ‑fpus– n` aes k`rres, n`sn` fot`s n`a a`vfotfcb`ote9
oe s` `oku`otrf fa cfrj`o n` uo kb`rte c`sbfobsces y n` præktbkfs pfjfofs
Bjufac`ot`, s` dflãf o`jfne f aes trblutes vbrr`bofa`s, nbkb`one qu` ‑keo ^ýpfk
 Fcfru oe pfjfr`ces perqu` `s \`y–.
\`y–.

@o zeofs fjrfrbfs s` prenum`reo `ogr`otfcb`otes `otr` jrupes n` kfcp`sboes y

r`pr`s`otfot`s n` afs futerbnfn`s dufcfojubofs y keostf qu` `o vfrbes aujfr`s
‑vbvflfo f ^ýpfk Fcfru– n`sn` aes k`rres 6<<.

@o kufone f af oela`zf `spföeaf y krbeaaf n`a aujfr, `stuve cuy fktbvf y erjfobzû af
fyunf pfrf `a Kuzke f trfvâs n`a Kflbane9 Dufcfojf gu` uoe n` aes r`s`rverbes
vbrr`bofa`s `o declr`s y flfst`kbcb`otes y faje n` frcfs fa cec`ote n` afs
kfcpföfs puobtbvfs keotrf aes `mârkbtes tupfkfcfrbstfs.

\BWFABNFN@[ @O^\@ KP\F[, @^OBF[ R KEAFLE\FNE\@[  

Af sula`vfkbûo tupfkfcfrbstf fnqubrbû kfrfkt`rãstbkfs n` uof ju`rrf `otr`
kfkbqu`s f aes pekes nãfs n` dfl`rs` bobkbfne 6<;. F aes kfkbqu`s aes s`pfrflfo
abofm`s, bn`eaejãf y prepb`nfn`s Keo vfrbfot`s dflãfo fktufne kece `xpaetfner`s
n` su prepbf rfzf, sfave `xk`pkbeo`s.
Xer `stf rfzûo, Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru n`ouokbû `o 6:46 qu` aes kfkbqu`s
`rfo pfrt` n`a ku`rpe t`rrft`ob`ot` n`a pfãs. @xpr`sû qu` `xbjãfo n` aes bonbes
vfrbfnes s`rvbkbes g`unfa`s y dfkãfo trflfmfr f `ses bonãj`ofs pa`l`yes `o sus
prepb`nfn`s9 mustbgbkflfo `aaes `stfs fktbtun`s pr`t`xtfone qu` sâ= trftflf n`
tb`rrfs n` aes fyaaes= ‑Y...S lfme af fpfrb`okbf n` kecuobnfn`s, sb`clrfo cukdfs
kdfkrfs, sbo pfjfr tfcpeke f aes ofturfa`s ae kerr`speonb`ot`–, pr`kbsfone qu`
usurpflfo tb`rrfs f aes bonbes kecuo`s n` aes fyaaus pu`s ‑keo kufaqub`r pr`t`xte
aes n`spemflfo n` sus c`mer`s kdfkrfs–6<>

@a cæs keoekbne n` tenes `stes kfkbqu`s pr`pet`ot`s gu` Lafs L`rofa, qub`o vbvãf
‑qubtfone tb`rrfs y grutes–, fclbkbese p`rseofm` qu` pr`kbpbtû d`kdes sulv`rsbves
pu`ste qu` `a guture aãn`r fatep`rufoe, ^ecæs Kftfrb, `cp`zû f abtbjfr keotrf âa
n`sn` 6:74.
Xer afs vãfs n` af usurpfkbûo gu` qu`, per `m`cpae, aes cb`clres n`a kafo
Kdequ`dufokf n` Xuof aa`jfreo f pes``r nb`kbsâbs guonfs, s`jýo r`gb`r` @cbabe
\ec`re9 n` cene sbcbafr s` kecpertflfo etres kfkbqu`s `o nbstbotes aujfr`s n`a
X`rý.
Aes kurfkfs fktuflfo kece kûcpabk`s n` `spföea`s y krbeaaes `o af usurpfkbûo n`
tb`rrfs f aes fyaaus n`sn` `a sbjae TWB @stf fktbtun s` fjrfvû `o `a sbjae TWBBB= n`kãf
^ýpfk Fcfru= ‑egr`kbâones` pa`btes keo afs pfrt`s n` afs kecuobnfn`s selr` tb`rrfs,
keo aes dfk`onfnes, aes kfkbqu`s s` kecpeo`o keo `aaes pfrf qu` `otr`o `o afs qu` oe
a`s tekfo y per `se aes erbjbofrbes oe tb`o`o neon` kuatbvfr y per ae cbsce, per
`xbcbrs` n` trblutes `o cukdfs pfrt`s s` dfk`o yfofkeofs `o afs dfkb`onfs– 6<0.

>;
 

Aes kfkbqu`s gu`reo fsã `a kbcb`ote sekbfa n` tenf af `xpaetfkbûo keaeobfa. @a cbsce
abk`okbfne Mufo n` Xfnbaaf n`ouokbû per `se `o su C`cerbfa qu` `ses oela`s
flerãj`o`s aa`jflfo dfstf `a `xtr`ce n` v`on`r bo nbes f aes dfk`onfnes qu`
pes`ãfo tb`rrfs `o afs t`cbnfs kecfrkfs n` afs s`avfs fatfs, neon` af cu`rt` `rf
cæs e c`oes s`jurf `o kertes pafzes=  y aes aa`vfo keo keaa`rfs y prbsbeo`s y kfn`ofs
n`cæs n` `stf vbea`okbf–.

Xer `stfs rfzeo`s aes sula`vfnes, kece uof gercf n` v`ojfozf frrfsfreo afs
dfkb`onfs n` aes kfkbqu`s r`fabstfs `o afs zeofs ekupfnfs per af r`l`abûo kece
ekurrbû keo afs tb`rrfs n` Kdequ`dufokf `o Fzæojfre. @stf `rf uof ju`rrf f
cu`rt`9 y prelfla`c`ot` f aes kfcp`sboes aes `ogur`kãf fýo cæs `a qu` j`ot` n`
su prepbf rfzf aes dulb`s` `xpeabfne tenf uof vbnf.
Af v`rnfn `rf qu` ‑af pesbkbûo qu` ekupflf `a kfkbqu` e kurfkf n`otre n`a sbst`cf
keaeobfa `rf n` ae cæs n`abkfnf e bojrftf Kfl`zf per vãf d`r`nbtfrbf n` af pfrkbfabnfn
 y, per keosbjub`ot`, n`pesbtfrbe ofturfa n` afs `xp`ktftbvfs n` aes bonãj`ofs `o puote
f pr`s`rvfkbûo n` af trfnbkbûo
trfnbkbûo y abn`rfzje, `rf fa cbsce tb`cpe
tb`cpe `a fj`ot`
fj`ot` n`
 p`rk`pkbûo gbskfa ` bostruc`ote n` qu` s` vfaãf af sekb`nfn necbofot` pfrf pr`sbeofr
selr` af cfsf flerbj`o keo vfrbfne prepûsbte @a kfkbqu` s` dfaaflf `o `a oune n` af
kecuobkfkbûo `otr`, per uo afne, af fncbobstrfkbûo Yy sulsbnbfrbfc`ot` aes dfk`o
nfnes `spföea`sS  y, per `a etre, af kecuobnfn [`jýo afs kbrkuostfokbfs `a cbsce
bonbvbnue dflãf n` elrfr n` pertfvez n` aes bonbes y n` pb`zf cf`strf n` `xpaetfkbûo–
6<7
@a sbjae TWBBB cfrkû fn`cæs uof pr`sbûo n` af `xpaetfkbûo kfkbquba, per `a d`kde
qu` afs `xbj`okbfs n` afs futerbnfn`s `stftfa`s gu`reo cfyer`s9 `a kfkbqu`
trfsafnflf afs ou`vfs n`cfonfs (cbtfyes, trblutes, `tk.) `o afs `spfanfs n` sus
vfsfaaes Af bot`osbgbkfkbûo n`a use n`a trflfme n` aes sb`rves dflãf sbne
keot`cpafnf n`sn` uo bobkbe, p`re sbo r`c`nbe= ‑aes kurfkfs s` nbme kece tfclbâo
s` fprev`kdfo n`a trflfme n` aes bonbes tb`o`o cæs pesblbabnfn`s y s` pr`kbfo n` t`o`r
sus kfsfs lb`o
lb`o fn`r`zfnfs
fn`r`zfnfs y vfses n` n` ere y paftf y jfofne y etrfs etrfs afler`s y
 jrfom`rãfs–.

@o fqu`aaf k`oturbf aes kfkbqu`s s` fnu`öflfo tfclbâo n` tb`rrfs y n` r`lföes

keaeobfa`s9 kecp`tãfo `o `ste keo aes Kerr`jbner`s, qu` ae dfkãfo cæs
sulr`ptbkbfc`ot`. Etrf gu`ot` ba`jfa n` rbqu`zf n` aes kfkbqu`s gu` af `xtersbûo
kufone s` trftflf n` `aflerfr aes pfnreo`s n` afs abstfs n` cbtfyes.
Af `spföeabzfkbûo af fnqubsbkbûo n` dælbtes ekkbn`otfa`s -gu` etrf n` afs
kfrfkt`rãstbkfs kfkbquba`s qu` s` fk`otuû `o `s` tb`cpe, s`jurfc`ot` keo nbsjuste
n` cukdes n` aes sýlnbtes fan`foes qu` v`ãfo tfa fktbtun kfsb kece uof trfbkbûo.
Xer `stfs rfzeo`s, vfstf pfrt` n` af oela`zf bonãj`of gu` keotrfrr`veaukbeofrbf.
Aes kfkbqu`s aa`jfreo f s`r cæs ýtba`s qu` keon`s y cfrqu`s`s pfrf sest`o`r f
Kfraes BBB.
[erpr`on` v`r kuæo fatf gu` af kfotbnfn n` kurfkfs qu` keclftb`reo keotrf ^ýpfk
Fcfru9 serpr`on` fýo cæs `a oýc`re r`aftbvfc`ot` r`nukbne n` bonãj`ofs oela`s
qu` ae s`kuonfreo Lfstf a``r aes pfrt`s cbabtfr`s y afs abstfs n` afs `m`kukbeo`s pfrf
nfrs` ku`otfn`qu`
rbvfabnfn`s afs pr`l`onfs
`tobfs jezfnfs
punb`reo cæs e per
qu` af keos`jubr,
grft`robnfn aes enbes
rfkbfa. nboæstbkes
Kufone e afs
aes kfkbqu`s

>>
 

`rfo rbkes `stfokb`res s` keov`rtãfo `o gfoætbkes r`fabstfs.

Etrf n` afs gercfs kece aes kurfkfs `xpr`sflfo su gbn`abnfn fa r`y, `rf `otr`jfone
pfrt` n` sus lb`o`s f afs futerbnfn`s Fn`cæs s` `oreaû f cukdes kfkbqu`s pelr`s,
fosbeses n` prbvba`jbes y f cba`s n` bonbes, vfsfaaes bjoerfot`s9 âstes `rfo keo
gr`ku`okbf sest`obnes f `xp`osfs n` aes prepbes m`g`s oftbves
Af bn`otbgbkfkbûo n` aes kfkbqu`s keo `a sbst`cf vbrr`bofa dule n` cestrfrs`
nurfot` af ju`rrf Kece `st` fsp`kte ju`rrf `otr` kfkbqu`s df sbne sesafyfne kfsb
sb`cpr`, epertuoe r`suatf uof s`clafozf n`a cæs n`stfkfne n` aes
keaflerfkbeobstfs, Cft`e Xucfkfduf, qub`o aa`jfrãf f s`r Lrbjfnb`r (J`o`rfa n`
Lrbjfnf) `o aes \`fa`s @mârkbtes n` @spföf.
@A KFKBVP@ XPCFKFDPF
Dflãf ofkbne `o Kdbokd`re, `o Kfakf n`a Kuzke `a <6 n` s`tb`clr` n` 6:>4 Fa
gfaa`k`r su pfnr`, Grfokbske Xucfkduf Bokf, d`r`nû kece prbcejâobte `a
kurfkfzje, fsucbâoneae pa`ofc`ot` `a 6< n` ektulr` n` 6::8 fp`ofs kucpabnes
aes v`botbnûs föes n` `nfn @o 6::; `rf kfpbtæo n` Bonbes Oela`s n` su r`jbûo y
fuoqu` s` nbstbojuãf per af r`kb`nuclr` n` su trfte, ofnf dfkãf pfr`k`r qu` fqu`a
bonbe gerobne tecfs` tfotf oeclrfnãf, ob su erjuaae `o prekafcfr fsk`on`okbf n`
aes r`y`s bokfs.
@a bojr`se n` Xucfkfduf, f af dbsterbf s` prenume f rfãz n` af sula`vfkbûo n` ^ýpfk
Fcfru, kufone n`sern`ofnfs vfojufrnbfs r`l`an`s fvfozfreo f c`nbfnes n`
nbkb`clr` per `a rãe Prulfclf ekupfone af cfrj`o n`r`kdf dfstf cæs faaæ n`
Kfakf, keo æobce n` lern`fr af kernbaa`rf y k`rkfr af kbunfn n`a Kuzke. Fot` af
fafrcf j`o`rfa cb`otrfs duãfo `spföea`s y oe pekes krbeaaes fpfr`kbû Xucfkfduf.
@a mev`o y l`abkese kfkbqu` n` Kdbokd`res b blf f dfk`r gr`ot` f aes tupfkfcfrbstfs.
Ju`rr`re ofte, Xucfkfduf, r`uobû cba declr`s fptes `o pekes nãfs, f aes kufa`s
`qubpû ræpbnfc`ot`, n` su prepbe p`kuabe, cb`otrfs keaekflf derkfs per tenfs
pfrt`s fouokbfone qu` cftfrãf f tene declr` n` sb`t` föes pfrf frrblf ‑qu`
trftfs` keo aes r`l`an`s– [bo n`cerfrs` kruzû `a rãe Prulfclf per `a pu`ot`. [favû
Dufyaaflfclf pfrf aes vbrr`bofa`s y `o `a keclft` n` Jufyekfrb r`fabzû uof ‑kru`a
cftfozf– n` trepfs tupfkfcfrbstfs Fsbcbsce, `o aes `oku`otres n` Jufrfo y Prke
n`sdbze vfrbfs keaucofs r`l`an`s qu` a` sfab`reo fa pfse, `o af rutf n` Kfakf, pfrf
ae kufa fktuû n` f ku`rne keo aes kb`o declr`s n`a Kereo`a [fotbfje Faa`on`, qub`o
dflãf bne f `ses aujfr`s f cfrkdfs gerzfnfs n`sn` `a Kuzke.
\`tbrfne Faa`on`, `a kfkbqu` sbjubû `o kfcpföf y trbuogû `o vfrbfs r`grb`jfs fa
`xtr`ce n` tecfr nes kföeo`s f aes fazfnes Abl`rû au`je `spföea`s selr`vbvb`ot`s
n` afs cftfozfs n` Kfakf y Xãsfk y pfsû fa ftfqu` ou`vf c`ot` keotrf aes
tupfkfcfrbstfs, lftbâones` `o Rukfy [u jrfo eg`osbvf p`rcbtbû fabvbfr f aes
vbrr`bofa`s sbtbfnes `o Xfukfrtfcle.
Wbstfs sus r`a`vfot`s keonbkbeo`s cbabtfr`s, Xucfkfduf, gu` aafcfne fa Kuzke per
`a Xr`sbn`ot` n` af Muotf n` Ju`rrf, Cfou`a n` Wbaafalf, f gbo n` qu` fkunb`s` `o
n`g`osf n` af kbunfn, per `stfr fprexbcæones` fa jru`se n`a `mârkbte r`l`an`, qu`

`stf v`zbonbes
nes cba kecfonflf `a prepbe
qu`kdufs Mesâ`aJflrb`a
v`t`rfoes ýatbce ^ýpfk Fcfru9
nãf n` 6:48, Xucfkfduf,
f uo Kuzke qu`frrblû keo
`cp`zflf
f s`r s`rbfc`ot` fcfjfne y kuye Kflbane, r`kblbâoneae, a` eterjû `a jrfne n`
>0
 

Kereo`a n` aes \`fa`s @mârkbtes, lfonf remf n` t`rkbep`ae y `gbjb` nerfnf n`a \`y
Kfraes BBB n` @spföf.
Xucfkduf ked`sbeoû f aes kfkbqu`s a`fa`s, bosugaæonea`s keogbfozf y a`fatfn fa \`y
y jfoû `otr` af pa`l` bonãj`of y c`stbzf bonbskutbla` fsk`onb`ot`, `o `sp`kbfa
kufone sus seanfnes ‑cbrfreo sbo keocekbûo `a ouc`rese `mârkbte keo qu` v`oãf f
fkerneofr `a Kuzke `a prbokbpfa r`l`an`–, m `a kufa n`sgbaû per afs faturfs f af vbstf n`
aes kuzqu`öes `a ; n` `o`re `ofrleafone lfon`rfs qu` r`kernflfo r`kb`ot`s
trbuoges tupfkfcfrbstfs. Xucfkfduf keo sus trepfs s` ftrbokd`rû `o
[fksfydufcæo nes nãfs, p`re vb`one qu` aes sula`vfnes s` cfot`oãfo `o afs
faturfs sbo n`sk`on`r f af kbunfn, vfrbû n` pesbkbûo y tecû af n` Kfmf n` Fjuf, cuy
prûxbce f aes sbtbfner`s, n`sn` neon` aes destbabzû sbo tr`juf f pfrtbr n`a 0. @a 2
keclftbû lfme afs ûrn`o`s n`a krbeaae vbrr`bofa Grfokbske Afys`qubaaf `o `a k`rre n`
Xbkkdu.
\`tbræones` ^ýpfk Fcfru `aae, Xucfkfduf ae p`rsbjubû aejrfone qubtfra` `a
gfcese kföûo ‑Af Kfpbtfof ablrfone n` pfse f kfutbves `spföea`s qu` `a Bokf s`
aa`vflf, p`re oe fvfozû cæs perqu` r`teroû fa Prulfclf, neon` `xt`rcboû `o
Xfofpuoke f afs keaucofs tupfkfcfrbstfs qu` fkflflfo n` v`ok`r fa lftfaaûo
vbrr`bofa n`a Kereo`a Bsbnre n` Jubsfseaf, f qub`o cftfreo.

@o
gu`g`lr`re, ftfkfone
f sekerr`r af ern`okbunfn
Xfukfrtfcle, n`a Kecfonfot` J`o`rfa
âstf sbtbfnf n`a Kuzke,
per Nb`je Jflrb`a
Krbstûlfa n` Fcfru
^ýpfk Fvbaâs,
‑qu` s` dfaaflf `o aes ýatbces `xtr`ces– v`okb`one `o `a keclft` n` Fcfru f aes
m`g`s r`l`an`s Kutbcfoke y Dufcforbcfkdb Au`je `o Kketftekaaf, cuy k`rkf yf n`
Xfukfrtfcle, recpbû af jrfo curfaaf d`kdf per Nb`je Krbstûlfa n`rretfone f aes
qu` af jufrnflfo @o `st` puote frrblfreo afs keaucofs vbrr`bofa`s n` krbeaaes y
c`stbzes qu` nbrbjãf `a Kereo`a Xflae Fst`t`, keomuokbûo n` `mârkbtes qu` prevekû
af r`tbrfnf n` aes bosurj`ot`s Xucfkfduf aaes es p`rsbjubû dfstf Fusfojft`
Fusfojft` neon` a`
dbkb`reo = gr`ot` uoes sb`t` cba r`l`an`s, f aes kufa`s n`rretû.
\`jr`sû Xucfkfduf fa Kuzke pfrf pfrtbr nes s`cfofs n`spuâs keo `a `mârkbte n`a
Cfrbskfa Mesâ N`a Wfaa`, n`otre n`a kufa kecfonflf k`rkf n` tr`s cba seanfnes
qu`kdufs `skejbnes @o `stf kfcpföf pfr`k` qu` `g`ktbvfc`ot` sfavû n` uo
n`sfstr` f N`a Wfaa`, fuxbabæoneae `o af `cleskfnf n` afs puofs n` Xukfkfsf, au`je
n` ftrfv`sfr f ofne `a Wbakfoetf keo su j`ot` X`a`û au`je kece vfojufrnbf `o
Kusbpftf y Aafaaek selr` afs erbaafs n`a Wbakfoetf. [` aukbû, bjufac`ot`, `o aes
`oku`otres n` Kd`kfkup`. Gu` n` aes qu` nbsp`rsfreo aes ýatbces r`stes n` ^ýpfk
Fcfru y `stuve `otr` qub`o`s tecfreo Keclf pftf af gertbgbkfnf.
[bjubû fvfozfone Xucfkfdufm trfs ekupfr ^botf sulbû dfkbf ^uojfsukf. W`okbû `o
Cesek Aafktf, jfrfotbzfone n`sn` `st` pu`ste `a fvfok` vbrr`bofa n`gbobtbve. Oe
keot`ote keo `ste r`jr`sû f gbo n` afozfrs` keotrf ou`vfs trepfs tupfkfcfrbstfs
r`fjrupfnfs `o Cbtf -Cbtf, ‑keclft` cæs sfojrb`ote y per afrje tb`cpe bon`kbse– y
fsã n`lbû s`rae perqu` faaã curb`reo ‑tr`k` n`unes suyes `otr` tães, d`rcfoes y
 prbces–.

Xr`se ^ýpfk Fcfru, `a Cfrbskfa N`a Wfaa` fsbjoû f Xucfkfduf uo pu`ste `o af

vfojufrnbf n`a `mârkbte qu` cfrkdfrãf selr` etres m`g`s r`l`an`s `o tb`rrfs
puo`öfs Gu` `oteok`s kufone Xucfkfduf v`okbû f Wbakf Fpfzf `o `a K`rre
Keonerkuye, sfavfone n` pfse af vbnf n` Fvbaâs faaã ‑af certfonfn n` aes trfbner`s

>7
 

 gu` tfo jrfon` qu` per cæs

cæs n` nes a`fs oe s` `okeotrflfo ssboe
boe kfnæv`r`s n` âs
âstes.
tes.

Keclftbû au`je f aes Aupfkfs k`rkf n` Xuoe, v`okb`one f af j`ot` n` [fokf y n`

Bojfrbkeof \`jr`sfone n` af kbunfn n`a Afje (qu` tuve qu` s`r `vfkufnf per tenes
aes vbrr`bofa`s), p`a`û fa gr`ot` n` sus bonbes `o Duaauaaeof, k`rkf n` Af \fyf, neon`
kfsb p`rnbû af vbnf `o cfoes n` aes fazfnes [favfne per uof keaucof `spföeaf,
pr`onbû gu`je fa pfste s`ke n` `sfs puofs, p`r`kb`one cukdãsbces r`l`an`s.

Oe r`pesû `o `a Kuzke Dflb`one kelrfne ou`ves lrães af r`l`abûo `o Afr`s, faaã gu`
`ovbfne `a vfab`ot` m`g` bonbe y âa dflrãf n` r`kernfr cæs tfrn` `o su gemf n`
s`rvbkbes afs r`grb`jfs n` Jufkfdufrb, Ftfdufaf, Kdequ` kfokdf, Fcpfrf`s,
Dfpupftf, Kdfyofmfsf y Dfkfouke.
Xfkbgbkfnes aes Fon`s, Xucfkfduf s` r`tbrû f Kdbokd`res fat`rofone su vbnf `otr`
`stf vbaaf y `a Kuzke Bcpuse ou`ves trblutes, dbze neoftbves y fuxbabes fa \`y n`
@spföf keo su p`kuabe kufone af ju`rrf keo Bojaft`rrf. Föes cæs tfrn`,
Xucfkfduf dflrãf n` pfrtbkbpfr `o etrfs kfcpföfs vbrr`bofa`s `o `a Fate X`rý.
Oe elstfot`, f p`sfr n` su pfsfne, Xucfkfduf `s uo dâre` p`rufoe. Xerqu` fa gbofa
`ot`onbû afs bn`fs n` pftrbf y abl`rtfn aukdfone y curb`one per `aafs [` nbræ qu`
nurfot` uof jrfo pfrt` n` su vbnf p`a`û per ka \`y n` @spföf [ã, p`re ae dbze keo `a
kerfm` prepbe n` aes ju`rr`res bokfbkes y fuoqu` cukde fýo s` pu`nf sest`o`r `o
pre y `o keotrf n`a jrfo m`g` qu`kduf, kubn`ces n` oe `xbjbra` ae qu` tfcpeke
p`nbces f etres p`rseofm`s keotbo`otfa`s y tfclbâo p`rufoes [fo Cfrtão, aukdû
bjufac`ot` lfme afs lfon`rfs n`a \`y n` @spföf9 y `o ou`strf pftrbf ae dbkb`reo
[fotf Kruz, Af Cfr y Kfstbaaf, per kbtfr sûae `m`cpaes r`pr`s`otftbves9 declr`s
tenes qu` `o sus derfs bobkbfa`s vbvb`reo `sf âpekf keogusf n` cene `quãveke,
r`ktbgbkæones` f tb`cpe. @o 646>, Xucfkfduf kece [fo Xflae, pfse n` r`pr`ser f
kr`y`ot` \`sp`t`ces su ‑kfcboe n` ^frse–, `o pestr`rf keov`rsbûo 6<:.
AF[ XPJOF[ @O^\@ @^OBF[ R AF[ \BWFABNFN@[ @O^\@ KFKBVP@[
Af sula`vfkbûo tupfkfcfrbstf af trfcû `a Bokf keotfone keo af sulernbofkbûo n`
aes fycfrfs n`a fatbpafoe. @o `g`kte, keostf per af prepbf n`kafrfkbûo n` ^ýpfk
Kftfrb (`a prbokbpfa nbrbj`ot` fycfrf), qu` dbze r`bt`rfnes Wbfm`s f ^uojfsukf `o
aes föes fot`rber`s fa a`vfotfcb`ote, f gbo n` `otr`vbstfrs` keo `a kfkbqu`
Keonerkfoqub y keostf bjufac`ot` qu` fa cec`ote n`a n`s`okfn`ofcb`ote n` aes
d`kdes, gu`reo `cbsfrbes n`a Bokf fot` aes fycfrfs, ^ecæs Bojf Abp` y Jufjuf
Keonerb Fsbcbsce, s` fpr`kbf qu` `o af `tfpf bobkbfa n`a fazfcb`ote, fuoqu` Muabæo
Fpfzf tuve fajýo âxbte `o Kfrflfyf, fktuû sb`cpr` lfme af keonukkbûo n`a Bokf9 y `a
prepbe pfnr` n`a m`g` fycfrf X`nre Obkeaæs qu` tfa v`z qubse fktufr cæs faaæ n` ae
pr`vbste, tuve qu` r`jr`sfr n` Kdukubte f [bkf [bkf, perqu` aes bonbes, p`s` f s`r
frcfrfs kece âa ae qubsb`reo cftfr–.
Oe elstfot` `stes lu`oes fujurbes, seabnfrbes `o `a n`s`oveavbcb`ote n` aes
fkeot`kbcb`otes, fpfr`kb`reo preote s`rbfs nbv`rj`okbfs `otr` af `tobf qu`kduf y
af fycfrf, fsã kece `ogr`otfcb`otes `otr` sus m`g`s cæs kfabgbkfnes.
\`afkbeo`s pesbtbvfs dule `o uo bobkbe `otr` ^ýpfk Fcfru y ^ecæs Kftfrb. Oe
elstfot`,
au`je keopreote
Muabæosurjb`reo jrfv`ss`nbv`rj`okbfs
Fpfzf, qub`o keov`rtbrãfn`a
`oBokf prbc`re
^ýpfk keosu^ecæs
Kftfrb, Kftfrb,
oeclr` n`
fnepkbûo Pof v`z fa gr`ot` n` af kea`ktbvbnfn, `st` kfunbaae dflrãf n` bot`otfr uo
>:
 

rucle prepbe `o n`sfv`o`okbf keo `a Bokf, fa kufa, bokausbv`, prey`ktû ‑nfra`

ju`rrf–.
Afs prbokbpfa`s keotrfnbkkbeo`s gu`reo r`jbstrfnfs f ae afrje n` c`nbe föe `otr`
Nb`je Krbstûlfa, Fonrâs, fsã kece etres ^ýpfk Fcfru y `a kfunbaae fatep`rufoe
^ýpfk Kftfrb9 âst` `rf uo bonbe pa`l`ye, v`on`ner fcluafot` n` kekf y n` lfy`tfs,
qub`o per sus `xk`pkbeofa`s keonbkbeo`s dflãf aejrfne af vbrtufa m`gfturf n`a
cevbcb`ote bosurr`kkbeofa `o afs kecfrkfs n`a fatbpafoe abonfot`s keo Af Xfz.
[`c`mfot` futeoecãf puse `o mu`je af uobnfn n`a cevbcb`ote9 aes d`kdes
c`okbeofnes s` fdeonfreo trfs af kfpturf n` Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru.
@o `g`kte, trfs `a fpr`sfcb`ote n`a Bokf, uo cfrkfne `ogr`otfcb`ote s` r`jbstrû
`otr` aes ^ýpfk Fcfru y ^ýpfk Kftfrb, `a gfcese kfunbaae fate p`rufoe, fa `xtr`ce
qu` `o pa`oe fs`nbe n` Af Xfz gu` frr`stfne per ern`o n` Fonrâs (C`onbjur`o)
^ýpfk Fcfru, mev`o j`o`rfa `o m`g` n` afs du`st`s tupfkfcfrbstfs `o `a fatbpafoe,
selrboe n` Mesâ Jflrb`a
Af fkkbûo keotrf ^ýpfk Kftfrb pfr`k` tfote cæs bokecpr`osbla` sb s` keosbn`rf qu`
trfs `a grfkfse `o `a sbtbe n`a Kuzke y af tecf n` Xuoe, af lftfaaf per Af Xfz `rf af
cæs bcpertfot` n` af r`veaukbûo

X`re tene bonbkf qu` f c`nbfnes n` 6:46 afs nbv`rj`okbfs `otr` aes kfunbaaes
dflãfo fakfozfne uo jrfne p`abjrese pfrf af kfusf bosurr`kkbeofa, cæxbc` sb s`
keosbn`rf af cu`rt` n` Mesâ Jflrb`a qub`o gu` `m`kutfne `a64 n` cfye n` fqu`a föe.
@okfrjfne n` kucpabr keo af ern`o n` n`t`okbûo bcpfrtbnf per Fonrâs ^ýpfk
Fcfru (qub`o per `ses nãfs k`rkflf `xbtesfc`ot` af kbunfn n` [erftf `o `a
fatbpafoe), gu` `a kereo`a Gfustboe ^bte Ftfukdb, uoe n` aes cæs n`stfkfnes
aujfrt`ob`ot`s n` aes ^ýpfk Fcfru. @st` m`g` tupfkfcfrbstf ‑pr`onbû f Kftfrb per
dfl`r sbne cuy sfojubofrbe– 6<4, s`jýo keostf.

@o `g`kte, ^ýpfk Kftfrb -vfa`otãsbce m`g` r`l`an`- dflãf jfofne gfcf n` sucf
nur`zf `o `a trfte f aes krbeaaes y c`stbzes9 fa r`sp`kte keovb`o` föfnbr qu` af
ern`o n` su n`t`okbûo kebokbn` keo uof n`cfonf gercuafnf kuftre c`s`s fot`s
per af `spesf n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs. @aaf `xbjbû kfstbjes pfrf fajuoes
kfpbtfo`s tupfkfcfrbstfs qu` kec`tãfo `xk`ses Af rfzûo qu` dflãf nfne gu` kafrf=
‑Y...S nbræo qu` vfces `o keotrf n` tenes– 6<2. O`gfste r`suatflf `a fotbkrbeaabsce
kb`je, p`osflfo aes cæs fates m`g`s r`l`an`s. Xer `se s` trftû n` gr`ofrae `o tenfs
pfrt`s.
X`re tfclbâo `xbst`o nftes su`ates qu` oes dflafo n` afs ofturfa`s fclbkbeo`s n`
^ýpfk Kftfrb, e per ae c`oes n` af kb`jf fnd`sbûo n` sus declr`s, f puote n`
dfk`raf f v`k`s rbvfabzfr keo aes ^ýpfk Fcfru e ‑bokfs– kece s` aes aafcflf
@xbst`o vfrbes d`kdes cæs.
@a k`rke n` af kbunfn n` [erftf keotû keo af pfrtbkbpfkbûo n` Bojf Abp`, kereo`a f
ûrn`o`s n` Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru, keotrf af veauotfn n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb, `a
sbtbfner n` Af Xfz. @st`, kufone Bojf Abp` a` gu` keotrfrbe ‑ae tuve prbsbeo`re kuftre
nãfs perqu` sbo trf`ra` ofnf vboe cuy jufpe y keo cukdf futerbnfn f r`pr`s`otfra`
qu` `rf Bojf– 6;8.

>4
 

@o r`fabnfn, ae qu` læsbkfc`ot` pbnbû Bojf Abp` gu` uo kföûo p`nr`re pfrf r`gerzfr
f Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru `o [erftf.
N`kafrflf n`spuâs ^ýpfk Kftfrb qu` af `xbj`okbf ‑ae bokecenû–, p`re qu` ‑r`k`aese
n` qu` Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru s` `oemfs` keotrf âa, qu` tfclbâo `ovbû f Mfvb`r
^bte, Kfkbqu` n` Kfafcfrkf f v`r y sfl`r n`a nbkde k`rke, `gkufa s` veavbû keo aaf
f rfzûo
qu` `sp`rflf y s` qu`nû keo aes nes oecbofnes Bokfs Fonrâs y Cbju`a qu` dfltfo
fkunbne f gec`otfr `a nbkde sbtbe Y n` [erftf S kece `ovbfne y pfrb`ot` n` Nb`je
Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru–6;6 .

@a k`rke n` [erftf dflãf sbne bobkbftbvf n`a c`stbze Nb`je Krbstûlfa, aãn`r
bonbskutbla` n` tene `a cevbcb`ote bosurr`kkbeofa trfs af prbsbûo n` Mesâ Jflrb`a9 `a
prepbe ^ýpfk Kftrb fsã ae r`keoekbû fa n`kafrfr= ‑vbob`reo ûrn`o`s y kbrkuafr`s n`
Nb`je ^upFcfru pfrf sbtbfr nbkde pu`lae ‑6;<. Xer `sf rfzûo s` trfsafnfreo f
[erftf, Fonrâs y Cbju`a YLfstbnfsS ^ýpfk Fcfru y au`je pfsfreo f Af Xfz, f
r`gerzfr f ^ýpfk Kftfrb p`re âst` sb`cpr` a`s jufrnû r`k`ae fa bjufa qu` etres
kfpbtfo`s frcfrfs
[`jurfc`ot` ^ýpfk Kftfrb vbe keo n`skeogbfozf `s` fvfok` ou`ve n` aes bokfs
kuzqu`öes f afs r`jbeo`s n` af funb`okbf n` Kdfrkfs.
^fclbâo r`pfrfces `o uo tfa Cbju`a Jufcfoseoje, ‑kecbsbeofne n`a prbokbpfa
r`l`afne ^upFcfru–, qub`o `rf keotrfrbe f ^ýpfk Kftfrb ‑per tbtuafrs` n`
Jel`rofner e Kerr`jbner– 6;;. F Kftfrb nbsjustfreo `vbn`ot`c`ot` vfrbes
`cbsfrbes y m`g`s n` Kduclbvbakfs qu` gu`reo fa Fatbpafoe keo ûrn`o`s n` Nb`je
Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru.
Etre kfse, fuoqu` cuy nbstbote, `s `a n`a ‑tu`rte X`nre Elfyf, qub`o vboe n`
 Fzæojfre keo `a oeclr` gbojbne n` selrboe n` ^upfk Fcfru, kuye sea nfne dflãf
sbne, y vboe f `otr`c`t`rs` `o af sula`vfkbûo kece kfl`zf, declr` cuy kfvbaese y
 pr`kbfne n` vfaer qub`o nbe af bn`f n` afs bovfsbeo`s oekturofs y n`a keclft` gbojbne
`otr` aes cbsces fazfnes– 6;>. Oe elstfot` tfo lu`oes cârbtes lâabkes `st` m`g`
r`l`an` tfclbâo prey`ktû uof fkkbûo prepbf pu`s s` prepuse ‑frreaafr f ^ýpfk
Kftfrb y sup`nbtfra` ftrfy`one f su pfrtbne afs kecuobnfn`s n` bonbes– 6;0. N`
d`kde, `a tfa Elfyf pfr`k` dfl`r sbne cuy fclbkbese e uo fpfsbeofne s`jubner n`
aes
‑r`yBokfs VubzæAfper
kdbqubte– `se fkflû
krbsbs fot` aes
keobonbes f v`k`s s` dfkãf
`a fpr`sfcb`ote aafcfraujfrt`ob`ot`
n`a tu`rte Jufbof Kæpfky 6;7.
nuresR
kfstbjes kerperfa`s f tfo sbojuafr p`rseofm` y sus s`kufk`s.
Af pujof `otr` qu`kdufs y frcfrfs `rf fotbjuf, p`re oe kfl` nunf n` uo d`kde=
afs nbs`osbeo`s `o afs kecfrkfs fatbpaæobkfs s` fdeonfreo n`sn` qu` `a pa`l`ye
Fpfzf tecû `a oeclr` n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb y s` keovbrtbû `o `a kfl`kbaaf n` aes
far`n`ner`s n` Af Xfz. @rf p`rseofm` n` cfjo`tbsce sbojuafr y per s`r n` lfme
erbj`o sekbfa frrfstrû trfs n` sã f jrfon`s jrupes kfcp`sboes, frcfrfs kfsb tenes.
Aes ^ýpfk Fcfru tuvb`reo `oteok`s qu` fktufr keo nrfstbkbnfn pfrf sfavfr af
uobnfn n`a cevbcb`ote Nb`je Krbstûlfa, n`sn` Fzæojfre, r`cbtbû f su pfrb`ot`
Cbju`a ^ýpfk Fcfru y âst` ‑semuzjû fa nbkde ^ýpfk Kftfrb, r`lfmæonea` fa `cpa`e n`
Jel`rofner– 6;:. Oe blf f r`suatfr tfr`f gækba, y per `aae `a `cbsfrbe bokf gu` keo
‑s`bs kereo`a`s bonbes y kdeaes n` af prevbokbf n` Fzæojfre, Kduclbvbakfs, Kfrflfyf,
Afrkfmf y Ecfsuyes– 6;4.

>2
 

Keotreafne `a lret` `skbsbeobstf, aes ‑bokfs– ^ýpfk Fcfru fsucb`reo `oteok`s af

m`gfturf cæxbcf n` af sula`vfkbûo `o tene `a fatbpafoe9 n` cfaf jfof dflrãf
fk`ptfne ^ýpfk Kftfrb `sf m`rfrqubzfkbûo qu` ae keaekflf n`lfme n`a kuzqu`öe
Nb`je Krbstûlfa, p`re ofnf dbze flb`rtfc`ot` per recp`raf. Aes prela`cfs
surjb`reo n` cene bonbr`kte `o g`kdf pest`rber.
Afs nbg`r`okbfs `otr` aes oftbves `rfo fotbjufs9 r`krun`kb`reo fa kecpæs n`a ræpbne
fkeot`k`r prepbe n` tenf sula`vfkbûo.
@sf v`z, g`abzc`ot` pfrf aes sula`vfnes, `a gfkter ducfoe, mfcæs fm`oe f af peaãtbkf,
n`s`cp`öû uo rea prevbn`okbfa pfrf uobr f aes rbvfa`s.
@o `g`kte, uof cum`r vboe f mujfr uo pfp`a n`kbsbve `o `stf nbgãkba keyuoturf Af
nbvbsbûo `o aes cfones nurfot` `a sbtbe n` Af Xfz, seaukbeofnf sûae pr`kfrbfc`ot`,
vboe f nbaubrs` kfsb n`a tene jrfkbfs f Jr`jerbf Fpfzf, mev`o bonbf d`rcfof n`
^ýpfk Kftfrb, qub`o per elrf n`a n`stboe s` keovbrtbû `o kecpfö`rf n`a kfunbaae
Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru, `a v`ok`ner n` [erftf, f kuye fs`nbe y tecf, `aaf tfclbâo
dflãf fsbstbne `a > n` fjeste \`suatû fsã keov`rtbnf `sf cum`r `o o`xe vbtfa n` afs
gfkkbeo`s r`l`an`s Fpenfnf ‑r`bof– y tfclbâo ‑vbrr`bof– per aes suyes, jezflf n`
jrfo bogau`okbf y af usû pfrf `a lb`o j`o`rfa n` aes r`l`afnes. [u d`rcfoe kece
vbces qu`nû `o abl`rtfn y keotbouû keo cfone cbabtfr, r`terofone af kfacf f aes
kfcpfc`otes r`l`an`s n`a Fate X`rý, per uo tb`cpe.
^ýpfk Kftfrb fk`ptû n`sn` `oteok`s af m`rfrquãf n` aes ‑bokfs– Bokause n`spuâs qu`
Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru tecû [erftf, a` pr`stû fuxbabes f ^ýpfk Kftfrb `o `a sbtbe n` Af
Xfz X`rcfo`ot`c`ot` s` vbe n`spuâs f ^ýpfk Kftfrb fa afne n` `cbsfrbes
tupfkfcfrbstfs prek`n`ot`s n` r`jbeo`s kuzqu`öfs, `ovbfnes pfrf fyunf y keotrea.
@se sã, kece r`suatfne n` `stfs pujofs, ^ýpfk Kftfrb dbze fderkfr pest`rberc`ot`
f ^bte Ftfdukdb, qub`o s`jýo pfr`k` dflãf flusfne n`a `o kfrje qu` s` a` keogbû,
frr`lftæonea` sus lb`o`s kufone ae tuve prbsbeo`re 6;2.
@xbst`o bonbkbes n` qu` `stfs rbvfabnfn`s `otr` kfunbaaes pes`ãfo cfyer`s rfãk`s Af
`xtr`cf susk`ptblbabnfn `otr` aes nbstbotes aãn`r`s `s tfote cæs `xpabkfla` per
kufote aes suk`ses r`aftfnes ekurrb`reo, tfa kece d`ces bokbnbne, kufone yf
`stflf kfutbve `o `a Kuzke Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru, dfstf `oteok`s bonbskutbne
keonukter n` af r`l`abûo Af aukdf bot`rof per af m`gfturf supr`cf n` af r`veaukbûo
`stuve flb`rtf per uo tb`cpe `otr` `a ‑bokf– qu`kduf Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru
y `a pa`l`ye frcfrf ^ýpfk Kftfrb, per ae c`oes `o tb`rrfs pfk`öfs.
Poe n` aes qu` cæs fyunû f peo`r ern`o `o `a Fatbpafoe gu` Mufo n` Nbes
Cuaaupfrfkf, rune `cbsfrbe kuzqu`öe n` Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru9 tfclbâo
Cbju`a Jufcfoseoje.
^ýpfk Kftfrb tuve qu` fgreotfr tfclbâo jrfv`s prela`cfs `o sus prepbfs gbafs
frcfnfs. Dule j`ot` qu` s` prepfsû cukde cæs faaæ n` sus cbrfs.
Fderkû f su pfbsfoe n` Fyefye, `a m`g` Cfrk`ae Kfaa`, ‑per afs cu`rt`s y fs`sboftes
qu` kec`tãf sbo abk`okbf– 6>8. @o etres kfses dule futâotbkes cetbo`s n` fajuofs
uobnfn`s r`veaukbeofrbfs keotrf sus kfunbaaes 6>6, qub`o`s, `o j`o`rfa, `rfo cæs
cen`rfnes y trftflfo n` keot`o`r `xk`ses sekbfa`s y rfkbstfs

08
 

X`re af supr`cfkãf n` aes aafcfnes ‑bokfs– (tene aes pfrb`ot`s n` Mesâ Jflrb`a
^ýpfk Fcfru), r`suatû fkftfnf per ^ýpfk Kftfrb nurfot` afs `tfpfs pestr`rfs Keo
r`sp`te sb`cpr` dflaû n` Mesâ Jflrb`a kece ‑prbc`r r`l`afne– y s` r`g`rãf f aes
n`unes n` âst` (Nb`je Krbstûlfa, Cbju`a y Fonrâs) trftæoneaes bon`g`ktbla`c`ot`
n` ‑bokfs– 6><9 p`re `o gercf sulr`ptbkbf fa`otû jrupes prepbes, f kfusf n` kb`rte
n`sfjrfne qu` a` kfusflfo aes Bokfs, qubzæ per s`r oela`s, tfa v`z per s`r qu`kdufs.
Xer `se `a 4 n` flrba n` 6:46, `o c`nbe n` `okfrobzfnes keclft`s `o afs k`rkfoãfs
n` Xuof, `a Kerr`jbner Er`aafof, facf n` af r`sbst`okbf r`fabstf, `skrblãf f sus
sup`rber`s ‑qu` uoes bonbes fkafcflfo f ^ýpfk Fcfru y etres f ^ýpfk Kftfrb Y...S `o
sucf, oe sâ f qubâo–9 fsã ae fpuotflf n`skeok`rtfne 6>;.

Fsbcbsce, nekuc`otes dfy `o aes kufa`s aes fazfnes fycfrfs s` r`gb`r`o f ^ýpfk
Kftfrb kece ‑Bojf \`y– y `xbst`o pru`lfs nekuc`otfa`s qu` `a 62 n` cfrze, fa
bokerperfrs` fa k`rke n` Af Xfz, ^ýpfk Kftfrb s` dbze aafcfr ‑^upfk Kftfrb Bojf
\`y– y qu` su oeclr` `rf vek`fne keo fajfzfrf dfkb`one af j`ot` f su pfse
‑j`ouga`xbeo`s n` l`sfra` af cfoe Y...S y keo su cum`r dbokæonea`s
dbokæonea`s afs renbaafs– 6>>.

^`stbceobes `xbst`o qu` oe pr`kbsfo f qubâo s`öfafo `xfktfc`ot`9 fqu`aaes qu`

dflafo n` ‑`a ceofrkf r`y ^ýpfk Obof Kftfrb– (<> n` cfrze n` 6:46 `o Bafv`) e
Frbqubpbtf ^ýpfk Kftfrb Bojf (Kdukubte, <6 n` flrba n` 6:46) Fa pfr`k`r dule
kecfonfot`s
fjr`jæoneae fa r`l`an`s
suye, pu`squ`
dulefneptfreo `a oeclr`
nes m`g`s gfceses n`a Obof
fp`afnes kfunbaae fatep`rufoe,
y Frbqubtbpf 6>0.
Aes Kftfrb pfr`k`o dfl`r keogercfne uof aejbf.
Etre d`kde= kufone ^ýpfk Kftfrb `stuve f puote n` fsfatfr Af Xfz, `str`kdfone `a
k`rke nbme ‑Rf v`okbces, yf `stfces lb`o y fderf sã d` n` prekurfr dfk`r af ju`rrf f
^ýpfk Fcfru pfrf keostbtubrc` ye seae `o `a ceofrkf n`s tes r`boes– 6>7.

X`re `o j`o`rfa, per keovbkkbûo e `ot`onbcb`ote, ^ýpfk Kftfrb gbrcflf

nekuc`otes kece ‑Wbrr`y ^ýpfk Kftfrb–, pu`s `a r`y `rf Mesâ Jflrb`a y n`spuâs
Nb`je Krbstûlfa Fsã fpfr`k` per `m`cpae `o `a suskrbte `a 60 n` s`tb`clr` n` 6:46
6>: R `o vfrbes cæs, `o `a fpej`e n`a fazfcb`ote.
Ofnf n` ae nbkde r`stf m`rfrquãf f ^ýpfk Kftfrb, kfunbaae c`sbæobke n`
`xtrfernbofrbfs keonbkbeo`s p`rseofa`s, p`s` f s`r ba`trfne, p`s` f sus n`g`ktes y f
su cen`ste erbj`o n` ludeo`re, fcluafot` v`on`ner frrb`re n` kekf y p`s`
tfclbâo f su r`aftbvf muv`otun= fp`ofs tr`botf föes fa cec`ote n` cerbr. Ae
keokr`te `s qu` `a k`otre y sur n`a Fatbpafoe, supe bcpeo`rs` f kfkbqu`s frcfrfs
abofmunes, qu` r`sp`tflfo tãtuaes oelbabfrbes y c`oespr`kbflfo per ae j`o`rfa f aes
vfsfaaes kecuo`s9 y per uo cec`ote kece d`ces vbste ^ýpfk Kftfrb esû n`sfgbfr
af futerbnfn n` aes prepbes bokfs n`a Kuzke.
NB@JE K\B[^ÛLFA ^ÝXFK FCF\P
Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru, frrb`re, c`stbze n` faje cæs n` tr`botf föes, gu` `a
‑Bokf ou`ve–, `a suk`ser `o `a kecfone n` af bosurr`kkbûo, fa s`r kfpturfne Mesâ
Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru `o Afojub `a 7 n` flrba n` 6:46. F tfa sbtufkbûo aa`jû `o vbrtun
n` su abofm` -`rf prbce d`rcfoe n`a Bokf fpr`sfne- y per sus dfzföfs Fa cec`ote
n` fsucbr
keotrf `a kfrje,
gu`rzfs Nb`je Krbstûlfa
vbrr`bofa`s s` dflãf`olftbne
bone `spföeafs, `o afs kfcpföfs
aes ftfqu`s n`a Prulfclf
f Xfukfrtfcle, kbunfn f
af kufa puse k`rke per uo afrje p`rãene y `o af ju`rrf keotrf Xucfkfduf.
06
 

Nb`je Krbstûlfa bot`otû uof eg`osbvf pfrf r`skftfr fa Bokf, p`re gu` v`okbne `o `a
keclft` n` Afye `a 6> n` `s` cbsce c`s. Xfsû `oteok`s fa fatbpafoe f gbo n`
r`erjfobzfr afs du`st`s r`l`an`s y preguonbzfr afs fkkbeo`s `o `a Fate X`rý, pfrf ae
kufa oe keotû sb`cpr` keo af o`k`sfrbf el`nb`okbf n` pfrt` n` kfkbqu`s c`oer`s y
etres m`g`s flerãj`o`s.
N` tenes cenes, `a c`s n` flrba y fuo `a n` cfye gu`reo n` vbea`okbf v`ojftbvf9
pu`laes `ot`res qu`nfreo frrfsfnes, sulsbstb`one seafc`ot` Xuoe, kbunfn keotrf
af kufa afozû ae c`mer n` afs trepfs, sbo âxbte ^rbuogû `o kfclbe `o af tecf n`
[erftf (`o af fktufa Leabvbf), url` nes v`k`s sbtbfnf y gu` su c`mer âxbte cbabtfr af
n`rretf n`a Cfrbskfa Mes`g n`a Wfaa` qub`o fvfozû n`sn` ^botf f abl`rfr Xuof y Af
Xfz, grfkfsfone `o su `cp`öe. @s kb`rte qu` `a Cfrbskfa v`okbû f aes r`l`an`s `o
tenes aes `oku`otres (kece Xuqubofkfokfrb y Keonerkuye, `otr` etres), p`re f aes
pekes nãfs s` vbe elabjfne f flfoneofr Xuof, kbunfn f af kufa kr`ãf dfl`r ablrfne
n`a fs`nbe tupfkfcfrbstf. @a ;8 n` cfye, aes m`g`s r`l`an`s dfkãfo su bojr`se
trbuogfa f `sf kbunfn n`a Afje ^btbkfkf Jrfkbfs f uof dælba ju`rrf n` n`sjfst`, `a
Cfrbskfa r`terofrãf keo `a nâkbce n` afs trepfs qu` aa`vû f af kfcpföf.
F Nb`je Krbstûlfa kerr`speon` fsbcbsce `a cârbte n af ou`vf eg`osbvf selr`
kecfrkfs fr`qubp`öfs, aa`jfone aes tupfkfcfrbstfs cukde cæs flfme n` Kfbaaecf.

Aejrû keoseabnfr,
kuye oýka`e Nb`je
k`otrfa Krbstûlfa,
gu` `a uo @stfne
Afje ^btbkfkf (qu` nurfræ sekbfa
[u pr`ekupfkbûo dfstf gu`
`o`re n` 6:4<)
jrfon` y su
jelb`roe cfrkf uof `tfpf n` preguonbzfkbûo n` afs r`gercfs9 kdekû oe elstfot`,
keo `a fk`otufne rfkbsce n` cukdes n` sus sulernbofnes.
@o `a fpej`e n` su pen`r, Nb`je Krbstûlfa keotreaû vfstfs zeofs kuzqu`öfs (af
cbtfn n`a n`pfrtfc`ote fktufa) y keaekû j`ot` f pekfs a`jufs n` af fotbjuf kfpbtfa
n` aes Bokfs. F af pfr necboflf tene Xuof, afs s`rrfoãfs n` Cequ`juf y ^fkof. F
trfvâs n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb, Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru y etres aujfrt`ob`ot`s keotreaû af
bot`jrbnfn n` Leabvbf fonbof y zeofs n` Kdba` y Frj`otbof.
Nbsjustfne keo `a fk`ote rfkbstf nfne per cukdes n` sus aujfrt`ob`ot`s, luskû af
pfz keo aes vbrr`bofa`s qu` dflãf egr`kbne uo bonuate j`o`rfa9 kr`y`one `o af
sbok`rbnfn n` afs eg`rtfs, s` `otr`jû keo kfsb tenfs sus gu`rzfs, trfs o`jekbfr af pfz
`o
qu`Afcpf
gu`s` Vu`nû nu`öe,
fkusfne sã, n` uo `oerc`
n` pfrtbkbpfr pen`rn`
`o af keomurf peaãtbke, ae kufa
Kfrflfyf. sbrvbû n` elfs`
W`rnfn`re pfrf
gfase, `a
kfrje sbrvbû pfrf qu` s` a` bostfurfs` uo prek`se sucfrbe qu` t`rcboû keo uof
keon`of f af p`of kfpbtfa keo ‑ft`ofk`fne–, vfa` n`kbr keon`ofne f qu` s` a`
frrfokfrf af kfro` keo t`ofzfs fa reme vbve.
^`oãf uoes ;0 föes fa cerbr Dflãf sbne frrb`re, kece cukdes n` aes ^ýpfk Fcfru
[u `tfpf n` jelb`roe bosurr`kkbeofa s` kfrfkt`rbzû per uo cfyer rfnbkfabsce sekbfa
`o ae tekfot` f tb`rrfs, elrfm`s, cbofs, `skafves, `tk, p`re oe supe keokbabfr keo
cukdes n` sus cæs n`kbnbnes s`jubner`s (Wbakfpfzf, Afurf, Kfabsfyf, Kfraes Kftfrb)
qu` pbnb`reo uof aukdf f cu`rt` keotrf aes `spföea`s.
 FON\Â[ C@ONBJP\@O ^ÝXFK FCF\P

‑@s cuy vbve

vbrr`bofa`s y fnv`rtbne
selr` `st` mev`oyc`stbze
`s `a qu`
qu`jelb`rof afs n`a
`rf selrboe tb`rrfs– nbm`reo
Bokf, kece dbmebogercfot`s
qu` gu` n`
X`nre C`onbjur`o (etre keaflerfner fktbve n` af r`l`abûo) y n` K`kbaaf ^ýpfk
0<
 

Fcfru.
^`oãf uoes nb`kbsb`t` föes n` `nfn fa cec`ote n` af sula`vfkbûo, p`re per su
l`abkesbnfn ae aafcfreo ‑`a fzet` n` Nbes–.
Gu` n` aes v`ok`ner`s `o [fojfrfrf y n` aes qu` `stuvb`reo `o `a Kuzke e `o
[erftf. X`rnbnf af kfcpföf per `a Kuzke, n`mû ^botf `a 7 n` g`lr`re n` 6:46 keo `a
elm`te n` preguonbzfr af aukdf `o `a fatbpafoe, fsã kece n` nfra` ked`r`okbf
Keotbouû `o af lr`jf trfs af kfpturf y cu`rt` n`a Bokf.
Fa afne n` X`nre Wbakfpfzf y n` Cbju`a Lfstbnfs cfrkdû f af keoqubstf n` [erftf,
jrfo kbunfn n`a fatbpafoe f af qu` puse k`rke per nes v`k`s, cb`otrfs `o ae peaãtbke
fk`otuflf afzes keo ^ýpfk Kftfrb y su j`ot` ^ecû [erftf gbofac`ot` `a > n` fjeste
n` 6:46 jrfkbfs fa r`pr`sfcb`ote n` uo rãe kuyfs fjufs afozû f af kbunfn. ^rfs
`aaes cfrkdfreo sus seanfnes y s` fgbrcf qu` aes selr`vbvb`ot`s gu`reo pekes.
Au`je tuve qu` fktufr `o `a s`juone k`rke n` Af Xfz, keotrf ou`ves lret`s
futeoecbstfs y rfkbstfs n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb Xerqu` Fonrâs C`onbjur`o ^ýpfk Fcfru,
dflãf sbne r`cbtbne per Nb`je Krbstûlfa cæs faaæ n`a Afje ^btbkfkf tfclbâo keo `a
gbo n` gr`ofr aes `xk`ses n`a m`g` frcfrf ^ýpfk Kftfrb, r`speosflbabnfn qu` supe
fgreotfr keo gbrc`zf y tboe n`spuâs n` cec`otes cuy nbgãkba`s `o qu` v`aû per af
uobnfn n` af r`l`abûo9 pfrfa`afc`ot` aejrû `qubablrfr afs r`afkbeo`s n` qu`kdufs
keo frcfrfs. F af v`z gu` f v`k`s bcpuaser n` af bn`f n` uobûo keo aes krbeaaes,
fuoqu` af r`fabnfn n`slernfs` afs pesblbabnfn`s n` af aão`f ‑bot`jrfabstf–
F kfusf n` afs nbskr`pfokbfs surjbnfs `otr` aes nes aãn`r`s selr` af peaãtbkf f
s`jubrs` gr`ot` f aes krbeaaes, Fonrâs cfotuve su futerbnfn ` dbze frr`stfr f ^ýpfk
Kftfrb, qub`o t`rcboû fk`ptfone `a cfone n`a ‑Bokf ceze–.
Keo nb`z cba bonbes keostruãf uof ou`vf pr`sf pfrf afozfr selr` Af Xfz afs fjufs
n`a rãe Kduqubfle, kufone kfsb sbcuatæo`fc`ot` s` nföû af elrf y aa`jfreo trepfs
n` Lu`oes Fbr`s.
N`sfpfr`kbnf af epkbûo n` vbkterbf, aes ^ýpfk Fcfru luskfreo af pfz @stuve `otr`
aes l`o`gbkbfnes keo `a bonuate vbrr`bofa y af Xfz n` [bkufob (6:4<) X`re `ovu`ate `o
fkusfkbeo`s gu` frr`stfne y r`cbtbne f @spföf f kucpabr keon`of n` nb`z föes n`
prbsbûo y p`rp`tue n`stb`rre n`a X`rý, `o vbrtun n` s`ot`okbf n`a 67 n` cfrze n`
6:4> @a ofvãe n` ju`rrf ‑[fo X`nre
X`nre n` Fakæotfrf– `o qu` blf kfutbve (fa afne n`
etres pr`ses tupfkfcfrbstfs) s` duonbû `o X`obkd`, kestf pertuju`sf, p`r`kb`one
fdejfne fa bjufa qu` cukdes etres, `a < n` g`lr`re n` 6:40, fuoqu` oe gfatfreo
rucer`s qu` dflãf gujfne keo etres kufone `a v`a`re lern`flf afs kestfs n`
Xurbcfob, `o af Jufyfof Deafon`sf, jufrbnf n` pbrftfs, `skafves kbcfrreo`s y tenf
afyf n` prûgujes n` af mustbkbf @o kufaqub`r gercf, `s` mev`o dâre` p`rufoe fp`ofs
dflãf kucpabne aes v`bot` föes n` `nfn
AF[ FKKBEO@[ N@ ^ÝXFK KF^F\B @O @A FA^E X@\Ý
@a declr` qu` nbrbjbû afs ep`rfkbeo`s lâabkfs n` cfyer `ov`rjfnurf nurfot` af
r`veaukbûo tupfkfcfrbstf gu` uo fcluafot` frrb`re ofkbne keo `a oeclr` fycfrf
n` Muabæo Fpfzf y qub`o s` dfrãf aafcfr ^ýpfk Kftfrb nurfot` af r`l`abûo.
Xer keog`sbûo n` su cum`r y etres keaflerfner`s, sfl`ces qu` nb`z föes per ae

0;
 

c`oes dflãf urnbne `a a`vfotfcb`ote Cæs n` uof v`z vbfmû dfstf ^uojfsukf f
`otr`vbstfrs` keo `a Bokf, f qub`o keov`okbû n` afs jrfon`s pesblbabnfn`s
bosurr`kkbeofa`s n`a Fatbpafoe. @o kufaqub`r gercf, ae v`ces fktufone s`jýo
pfr`k` `o Kfrflfyf dfkbf nbkb`clr` n` 6:48. R au`je keo etre oeclr` `o `a Afje
^btbkfkf. Oe fpfr`k` `o `a prbc`r fs`nbe f [erftf, p`re `o kfclbe su gbjurf pfsû fa
prbc`r pafoe per su fktufkbûo `o aes nes k`rkes n` Af Xfz, qu` n`mfreo uo sfane
fprexbcfne n` v`bot` cba cu`rtes, sucfo ne aes kfãnes `o aes nes lfones.
Keo jrfo n`spab`ju` n` trepfs y keo boj`obe cbabtfr, ^ýpfk Kftfrb bobkbe `a prbc`r
fs`nbe `a 60 n` cfrze n` 6:46, `a kufa a`vfotû `a ;6 n` muobe fa brrucpbr afs du`st`s
`ovbfnfs per `a Wbrr`y n` Lu`oes Fbr`s. R kece f `stfs trepfs a`s gu` bcpesbla`
p`rcfo`k`r `o `a aujfr, fp`ofs s` r`tbrfreo `a m`g` frcfrf r`bobkbû `a ftfqu` `a 0 n`
fjeste n`a cbsce 6:46. Xfrf `oteok`s yf s` dflãfo pr`s`otfne jrfv`s
nbv`rj`okbfs keo ‑aes bokfs– kece aafcflfo aes frcfrfs f aes ^ýpfk Fcfru, ^ýpfk
Kftfrb qu` ouokf dflãf ekuatfne sus `cp`öes futeoecbstfs, tuve qu` s`r aafcfne
fa ern`o per Fonrâs ^ýpfk Fcfru y Cbju`a Lfstbnfs, qub`o`s s` vb`reo elabjfnes f
fouafr vfrbfs n` sus c`nbnfs y fuo f fpr`sfrae per uoes nãfs pu`ste qu` `a m`g`
frcfrf dflãf nbspu`ste kb`rtf fobcfnv`rsbûo keotrf aes qu`kdufs y dflaû dfstf n`
‑nfr ju`rrf f ^ýpfk Fcfru–. X`re fa gbofa, ^ýpfk Kftfrb t`rcboû fk`ptfone af
supr`cfkãf n`a Bokf Nb`je Krbstûlfa ^ýpfk Fcfru (`a suk`ser `o `a kecfone
bosurr`kkbeofa f af cu`rt` n` Mesâ Jflrb`a ^ýpfk Fcfru) y gbrcfone sûae kece
Wbrr`y F v`k`s Nb`je Krbstûlfa aejrû gr`ofr aes n`scfo`s rfkbstfs n`a m`g` frcfrf,
qu` cukde nföe dflãf kfusfne fa cevbcb`ote.
Egr`kbne `a bonuate per afs futerbnfn`s keaeobfa`s, ^ýpfk Kftfrb t`rcboû `otr`jfne.
X`re aes v`ok`ner`s oe fkftfreo `a p`rnûo y n`skufrtbzfreo f ^ýpfk Kftfrb `o `a
[fotufrbe n` Afs X`öfs, `a 6; n` oevb`clr` n` 6:46. ^`oãf ;8 föes n` `nfn Fkflû
fkusfne per cukdes n` aes qu` dflãfo sbne sus pfrtbnfrbes
X@N\E WBAKFXF]F
Frrb`re fzfojfrboe, cbabtû n`sn` uo bobkbe `o afs gbafs tupfkfcfrbstfs. [btbû [erftf
(Leabvbf fktufa) n`sn` `aae n` flrba n` 6:46, fabfne n` Cbju`a Lfstbnfs, lfme `a
cfone n` Fonrâs C`onbjur`o ^ýpfk Fcfru. A`vfotfone `a fs`nbe n` `stf kbunfn f
kfusf n`a n`sfstr` n` ^botf, s` `ogr`otû fa `mârkbte n`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa` `o tb`rrfs
puo`öfs, ablrfone afs lftfaafs n` Keonerkuye y Xuqubofokfrb nurfot` `a c`s n`
cfye [urjbnf af krbsbs `otr` qu`kdufs y frcfrfs, gertfa`kbû f aes prbc`res,
r`spfanfone f aes ‑bokfs m`g`s oftes n`a cevbcb`ote. Au`je r`teroû fa fs`nbe n`
[erftf, kbunfn qu` fa gbo kfyû `a 0 n` fjeste. Cæs tfrn` r`gerzû `a fs`nbe n` Af Xfz,
keotreafone n` pfse aes bot`otes futeoecbstfs n`a fycfrf ^ýpfk Kftfrb Egr`kbne `a
bonuate per aes vbrr`bofa`s s` o`jû fa pfkte n` [bkufob y sbjubû `o af lr`jf. @o `o`re
n` 6:4< `stæ etrf v`z `o ju`rrf flb`rtf y jfoû `a keclft` n` Dufykde fa Kereo`a
G`rofone n`a Xbâafje. Oe a`mes n` faaã dflrãf n` p`rn`r `a `oku`otre n` Cede, `a ;8
n` cfrze, oe elstfot` ae kufa oe s` rbonbû. N`strezfne su `mârkbte trftû n`
erjfobzfr ceoteo`rfs `o etres afnes n`a Afje ^btbmfmf, p`re gu` kfpturfne k`rkf n`
Fzæojfre y n`skufrtbzfne per ern`o n`a Cfrbskfa n`a Wfaa`, `a 4 n` flrba n` 6:4< F
qub`o`s keot`cpafreo su `m`kukbûo, a`s jrbtû ‑¡Xer `st` sea fpr`on`n f cerbr kece
 ye!– .

0>
 

OE^F[
6. [ûae `o 6:2; af Keov`okbûo n` Grfokbf nbspeonræ af fleabkbûo n` af `skafvbtun.
<. Xfz, C`akder n`, Ju`rrfs s`pfrftbstfs Abcf, 620<,< teces (`nbt) Aubs F @jubjur`o) t. B, Nbæaejes, p.
<>4.
;. Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4; Abcf, 62:6, p. 68;.
>. XF], C`akder n` Ep. kbt, t. B, p.<>0-<>:.
0. Kecbsbûo Ofkbeofa n`a Lbk`ot`ofrbe n` af \`veaukbûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, Abcf, 6248, Keclr`tf, t. B,
p. 6<7.
7. Wfakærk`a, Kfraes Nfob`a ^ýpfk Fcfru, Abcf, 62::.
:. Kea`kkbûo nekuc`otfa n` af bon`p`on`okbf n`a X`rý (KNBX) Abcf, 62:6 Kfraes Nfob`a Wfakærk`a,
^ece BB Af \`l`abûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, vea. <8 Af \`l`abûo, p >7;
4. KNaX, t. BB, vea. <8, pp. <2:,<22.
2. Blãn`c, vea. ;8, p. ;;69 Keclr`tf, t. B, p. <<>.
68. ‑Kerr`e– n` Dufokfye Bogerc` pulabkfne `a > n` fjeste n` 62:6.
66 KNBX t. BB, vea. 68, p. ;6:.
6<. Nurfon, Aubs, `s qub`o cæs r`a`vf `a `cp`öe ‑bot`jrbstf– n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `o su Bon`p`on`okbf `
Bot`jrfkbûo `o `a Xafo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru, Abcf, 62:;. M.M. W`jf tfclbâo df trftfne `a t`cf `o su ^ýpfk
 Fcfru, Abcf, 6272.
6;. KNaX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. ;<;.
6>. Blãn`c, p. ;82.
60. Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p. <02.
67. alãn`c, p. <78.
6: A`wbo, Lea`safe Af \`l`abûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru y aes erãj`o`s n` af Bon`p`on`okbf n`
Dbspfoefcârbkf, Ls Fbr`s, 627:, p. 4<0.
64. Blãn`c, p. 4<4.
62. Kero`me Leureoka`, Merj` [fojr` bonbf, p. >0.
<8. KNaX, t. BB, vea. >8, p. >2-08.
>2-0 8.
<6. Af W`rnfn N`sounf, p. 7<0. N` fquã `o fn`afot`
f n`afot` faunbr`ces f `stf elrf kece Af W`rnfn.
<< KNaX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. ;87.
<; Blãn`c, p. ;84.
<> Blãn, p. ;47.
<0  Keaeqube Bot`rofkbeofa
Bot`rofkbeofa ‑^ýpfk Fcfru y su tb`cpe Kuske 6248– (Bot`rv`okbûo n`a [r. [`rjbe
Wbaafaeles, n` Kdba`).
<7 KNaX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. >77.
<: alãn`c, p. ;<0.
<4 Blãn`c.
<2 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p. <40.
;8, al ãn`c, p. <76.
;6 Blãn, p. <76.
;< Keclr`tf t. B, p. ;;7
;; Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p. <:8.
;> Blãn`c, p. <76.
;0 Blãn p. <:8.
;7 Keclr`tf, Ep. Kbt., p. ;;2.
;: KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;><.
;4 Blãn`c, p. >87.
;2 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p <:8-<:6.
>8 Kfrfkde, Mesâ Jfrkãf @o= ^ýpfk Fcfru, per Merj` Kero`me Leureoka`, kbt., p. 76;.
>6 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p <:6.
>< [fdufrfurf, M.\. @stfne n`a X`rý (6:4;) @o= KNBX, Abcf, 62:6
>; Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p. <::.
>> KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;87.
>0 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p. <:7.
>7 KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;7;.
>: Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p. <>4.
>4 Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4;, p. 6<8.
>2 Blãn`c, p. 6><.
08 Bn`c.
06 KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;66.

00
 

0< Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4;, pp. 68;-687.

0; Blãn`c, p. 684.
0> Keclr`tf Ep. Kbt., Kfrtf n` Cskese, p. 64;.
00 Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4;, p. 664.
07 Keclr`tf, ep. Kbt., p. 66:.
0: Kflbane n`a Kuzke, kbt, p. 6<8 y KNBX.
04 Kflbane, kbt, p. 6<>.
02 Kfrtf n`a Elbspe Ceskese.
78 KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;47.
76 Keclr`tf, Ep. kbt., p. 60>.
7< Kero`me Leureoka`, Merj` ^ýpfk Fcfru, Kuske, p. <88.
7; [fdufrfurf, M.\., Ep. Kbt., p. ;06.
7> KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. ;:2.
70 Blãn`c, pp. >>8, >><, >;6, >;0.
77 Blãn, p. >;6.
7: Blãn, p. >;6.
74 Blãn, p. >>6.
72 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., p. <4<.
:8 Blãn`c, p. ><4.
:6 KNBX, t. BB, vea <¸, p. >>6.
:< Kero`me Leureoka`, Merj` Ep. kbt., p. 627.
:; KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8 p. ;;<.
:> Blãn`c, p. ;2>.
:0 Blãn, p. >:2 y etrfs.
:7 Blãn, p. ;02.
:: Leae Dbnfaje, [faecûo Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs, Abcf, 6248 Wfrbes seo aes futer`s qu` kr``o gfktbla` `a
ofkbcb`ote n` Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs `o Flfokfy, qu` `o `s` `oteok`s n`p`onãf n`a Kuzke Aes Lfstbnfs
`rfo erbuones n` `sf r`jbûo.
:4 Keclr`tf, ep. Kbt., p. <87.
:2 Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4;, kbt., p. 6;8.
48 Wfakærk`a, Kfraes Nfob`a ^ýpfk Fcfru, p. 667.
46 Foûobce @o= Cfou`a Enrbezeaf, Nekuc`otes Dbstûrbkes n`a X`rý t. B, p. 00.
4< Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p. ;;0.
4; aLãn`c, p. 680.
4> KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. 700 y \`afkbûo Foûobcf.
40 KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. 7>0.
47 Blãn`c, t. BB, vea. ;8, p. 64.
4: Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p. ;08.
44 Af W`rnfn, p. 04<.
42 KNBX t. BB, vea. ;8, p. 62.
28 A`wbo, Lea`safe Ep. Kbt., nekuc`ote, p. >:8.
26 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. BB, pp. ;;0-;;7.
2< alãn`c.
2; KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. 7>0.
2> Foûobce, kbt, t. B, p. 0:.
20 Blãn`c, p. 04.
27 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. B, p. >;8.
2: Foûobce, kbt, t. B, p. 04.
24 Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. Kbt., t. BB, vea. <8, p. 2<.
22 Foûobce, kbt, t. B, p. 7>.
688 Blãn`c, p. 7>.
686 Kero`me Leureoka`, Merj` Ep. kbt., nekuc`ote, p. >8<.
68< Blbn`c, nekuc`ote, p. >8;.
68; Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. kbt., t. BB, p. >079 Merj` Kero`me L, ep. kbt., p. >879 Foûobce, kbt, t. B, p. 70.
68> Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. kbt., t. BB, p. >079 Merj` Kero`me L, ep. kbt., pp. >80->87.
680 Xfz, C`akdern` Ep. kbt., t. BB, p. 2<.
687 KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8, p. 488.
68: Blãn`c, p. :2:.
684 Blãn, vea ;8, p. :< y sjts.

07
 

682 Blãn, vea., <8, p. :2:9 C`akder n` Xfz, ep. kbt., t. B, p. >0:.
668 Kflbane n`a Kuzke Bogerc` n` 6:4;, p. 6;4.
666 Af W`rnfn, kbt., p. 7<0.
66< W`jf, Mufo Mesâ ^ýpfk Fcfru, p. 78.
66; A`wbo, Lea`safe Ep. kbt., nekuc`ote, p. >67.
66> Xfz, C`akder n` Ep. kbt., t. B, p. <78.
660 A`wbo, Lea`safe Ep. kbt, fo`xe, p. 4;8.
667 KNBX, t BB, vea., <8, p. >8<.
66: XF], C`akder n` Ep. kbt, t. B.
664 KNBX, t. BB, vea., <8, p. 02<.
662 Bn`c.
6<8 Blãn`c, vea., ;8, p. 0;8.
6<6 Vubrez, @us`lbe y Fa`mfonre Cæafjf Xeo`okbf `o `a Keojr`se ‑Af Bja`sbf y ^ýpfk Fcfru–
(Kuske, 6246).
6<< Du`rtfs. @a cevbcb`ote n` ^ýpfk Fcfru `o Fyfkukde @o= Foteaejãf, (`nbt) BOBN@, pr`pfrfnf per
Fal`rte Gaer`s Jfabone, pp. 4;-687, Abcf, 62:7. ^fclbâo Lea`safe A`wbo, ep. kbt., p. >:4 y fajuoes
nekuc`otes n` af KNBX.
6<; Wfakærk`a, Kfraes Nfob`a ^upfk Fcfru,kfp WBB9 Mufo Mesâ W`jf, ^upfk Fcfru, pp. <0 y ;<9 [kfra`tt
E‒Xad`afo, ‑Af r`l`abûo n` ^ýpfk Fcfru– , `o \`v. Dbstûrbkf, Abcf.
6<> A`wbo, Lea`safe Ep. kbt, p. 7<6.
6<0 Blãn`c, p. 7<6.
6<7 [æokd`z Faleroez, O. @a bonbe `o `a Fate X`rý f gbo`s n`a sbjae TWBBB, Abcf, 62:; (cbc`ejrfgbfne).
6<: \`g`r`okbfs lblabejrægbkfs tecfnfs n`= ‑C`cerbfa n` Xucfkfduf f Kfraes BB–, pul. Merj`
Kero`me L `o ^ýpfk Fcfru, p. 7;/ Nekuc`otes n` C`akder n` Xfz, ep. kbt, t. B, p. ;<4 y ;48/ Xfrtbnf
n` ofkbcb`ote n` Xucfkfduf, pul. per Mesâ ^erblbe Xeae `o \`v. Dbstûrbkf/ KNBX, t. BB, vea. <8, pp.
>;>, ;7>, ;02, ;:<, ;82, ;67, <:0, <27 y <24. Fsbcbsce, t. BB, vea., ;8, pp. <;2, ;82, ;<:, y ;7> M. \.
[fdufrfurf, `o ep. kbt., pp. >8:, ;:8. R etrfs/ Nekuc`otes kbtfnes `o ‑Xucfkfduf y aes kafrbo`s n`
Kdbokd`res–, pul. per Merj` L`rofa`s Lfaa`st`res, `o= Lea`tão n`a Bostbtute \bvf Fjñ`re, 6272-:6/
\ulâo Wfrjfs Pjfrt`, Dbsterbf J`o`rfa n`a X`rý, t. W, kfp. BT Merj` Kero`me L Nekuc`otes, p. <86.
6<4 Jutbârr`z, Mesâ \es`one Nekuc`otes pfrf af Dbsterbf Fotbjuf n` Leabvbf, Af Xfz, 64:2, p. <7/
Lea`safe A`wbo, ep. kbt., p. 06<.
6<2 Kfrtf n` Cbkf`af Lfstbnfs f M. J. ^ýpfk Fcfru, g`kdfnf `o ^uojfsukf, < Nbk. 6:48. @o= Merj`
Kero`me Leureoka`, [fojr` Bonbf, Kuske, 62>2, p. 0<.
6;8 N`kafrfkbûo y [`ot`okbf n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb, `o= \`v. Leaãvfr ([ekb`nfn Leabvfrbfof n` Abcf), p. ;:.
6;6 Bn`c.
6;< Bn`c .
6;; Blãn`c, p. ;8.
6;> Blãn, p. ;:.
6;0 Blãn, p. ;8.
6;7 Kfrtf \`afkbûo n` Grfy Cftãfs n` af Lernf fa [`öer Kecfonfot` J`o`rfa Neo [`lfstbæo
[`jureaf, g`kdfnf `o cfye ;8 n` 6:46 @o= C`akder n` Xfz, ep. kbt., t. B, p. >>8.
6;: N`kafrfkbûo y [`ot`okbf n` ^ýpfk Kftfrb, kbt, p. ;2.
6;4 Bn`c.
6;2 Blãn`c, p. <7.
6>8 blãn, p. <;.
6>6 Blãn, p. <: y etrfs.
6>< Blãn, pp. <> y <0.
6>; Bogerc` n`a Kerr`jbner n` Xuoe f af kbunfn n` Fr`qubpf, n` 4 n` flrba n` 6:46 @o= C`akder n`
Xfz, ep. Kbt., t. B, p. ;:7.
6>> Kfrtf r`spu`stf n` Grfy Cftãfs n` af Lernf, `o C`akder n` Xfz, Ep. kbt. p. >;2.
6>0 ‑Nbfrbe n` 68 fkf`kbne `o aes pu`laes n` af Xrevbokbf n` Kdukubte n`a Elbspfne n` Af Xfz
nurfot` af \`l`abûo, per Neo K`a`neobe L`rc`me keo nftes n` Neo Mefquão Er`aafof G`kdfnf=
Fr`qubpf, flrba <6 n` 6:46 @o= C`akde n` Xfz, ep. kbt., t. B, p. ;48.
6>7 Kfrtf n` Grfy Cftãfs n` af Lernf Kfrtf kbtfnf `o C`akder n` Xfz, ep. kbt, p. >>8.
6>: Kânuafs n` Oeclrfcb`otes y Ûrn`o`s nbv`rsfs @o= Lea`safe A`wbo, ep. kbt, pp. 470,4:: y etrfs.

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