Quick Revision

Important Terms & Definition

Moplah Uprising: ........................................................................................................................2
Warren Hasting: ..........................................................................................................................3
Black Hole Incident: ...................................................................................................................3
One Unit Policy: .........................................................................................................................4
Basic Democracies: .....................................................................................................................4
Islamabad – As a Capital: ............................................................................................................4
U2 Crises: ...................................................................................................................................5
CENTO:......................................................................................................................................5
SEATO: ......................................................................................................................................5
Pacca Qila Massacre: ..................................................................................................................6

Key Dates in History

Mughal Empire: ..........................................................................................................................7
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan & British Expansion: ...............................................................................7
Pakistan Movement: ....................................................................................................................8
Pakistan After Independence: .................................................................................................... 10
Pakistan’s Relation with India: .................................................................................................. 12
Pakistan’s Relation with the USA: ............................................................................................ 12
Pakistan’s Relation with Russia (USSR): .................................................................................. 13
Pakistan’s Relation with China: ................................................................................................. 14
Pakistan’s Relation with Iran:.................................................................................................... 15
Pakistan’s Relation with the UK:............................................................................................... 15
Pakistan’s Relation with Afghanistan: ....................................................................................... 16
Pakistan’s Relation with Bangladesh: ........................................................................................ 17

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 Important Terms & Definitions
Moplah Uprising:

• In the South of India, many Muslim peasants became violent.

• They killed many Hindus, attacked and destroyed a police station.

• This event is known as the Moplah Uprising. It angered the British.

August Offer, 1940:

• An offer was made by Lord Linlithgow.

• He proposed to Indians to increase the representation of them in the Executive Council.

• He also offered Indians the right to form their constitution after World War II.

• This August offer was rejected by Congress.

Jizya Controversy

• Jizya was a tax that Akbar removed in the past.

• But Aurangzeb re-instated it on the non-Muslims.

• The non-Muslims saw Jizya as enforcement to them to convert to Islam.

• It was highly criticized by non-Muslims

• Aurangzeb applied this tax to support his war expenses.

East India Company

• It was a company that was established by the British merchants in India to trade.

• It set up its first port at Surat.

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• It acquired power and formed its private army.

• The EIC helped the British in establishing their rule in India.

Robert Clive:

• Robert Clive helped in founding British rule in India.

• He came out victorious in the Battle of Plassey against Nawab of Bengal.

• He also became the Governor of Bengal and was accused of corruption.

• He ended his life at the age of 49.

Warren Hasting:

• He became the first Governor of Bengal.

• He worked with the EIC and rise through the ranks.

• He fought against the Marhattas.

• He took a bribe and had to return to Britain to face the charges.

• Later he got a clean chit, but his reputation was stained.

Black Hole Incident:

• Nawab Siraj captured Fort William of Calcutta and many British died.

• He locked down the British residents in confined rooms.

• This Incident made the British angered.

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One Unit Policy:

• General Yahya implemented the One Unit Scheme.

• This Scheme considered the West Wing as one single province and East Wing as another.

• The aim was to make the administration efficient.

• However, this scheme was criticized by East Pakistan’s leaders and people.

Basic Democracies:

• The basic Democracy System was introduced by Ayub Khan.

• Considering this system, around 80 thousand democrats were selected from West and

East Wing of Pakistan.

• The political leaders were banned to join the Democrats' team.

• The major role of these democrats was to vote whether Ayub Khan should remain the

President or not.

• He won with 95% majority votes.

Islamabad – As a Capital:

• Ayub Khan shifted the capital from Karachi to Islamabad.

• Islamabad had a better climate and better infrastructure.

• Ayub wanted to keep officials away from commercial influences.

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U2 Crises:

• U2 was an American spy plane.

• It took flight from Pakistan's airbase at Peshawar.

• The pilot was arrested for spying by Russia as they found photos.

• Russia threatened to attack Pakistan.

• Pakistan refused to take responsibility and pursued that it did not know about the spy plane’s

mission.

• This made Pakistan and USA relations bitter.

CENTO:

• Formerly known as the Baghdad Pact.

• CENTO stands for Central Asia Treaty Organization.

• It was a defense agreement signed between Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, and Iraq.

• It failed to give protection to Pakistan in the war against India.

• In 1979, the organization was disbanded.

SEATO:

• SEATO stands for Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

• In 1954, this defense treaty was signed by Pakistan along with Australia, UK, New Zealand,

France, Thailand, the USA, and the Philippine.

• The membership of SEATO did not benefit Pakistan in any way.

• The USA also did not support Pakistan in the war of 1971.

• Therefore, after the separation of East Pakistan, Pakistan withdrew from SEATO.

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Pacca Qila Massacre:

• The Pacca Qila Massacre was a dark event from Benzair’s rule.

• It happened in Hyderabad.

• In this massacre, around forty MQM supporters died including women and children.

• This incident became the root cause of Benazir's dismissal from the office.

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 Key Dates in History
Mughal Empire:

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan & British Expansion:

pg. 7
Pakistan Movement:

pg. 8
pg. 9
Pakistan After Independence:

pg. 10
pg. 11
Pakistan’s Relation with India:

Pakistan’s Relation with the USA:

pg. 12
Pakistan’s Relation with Russia (USSR):

pg. 13
Pakistan’s Relation with China:

pg. 14
Pakistan’s Relation with Iran:

Pakistan’s Relation with the UK:

pg. 15
Pakistan’s Relation with Afghanistan:

pg. 16
Pakistan’s Relation with Bangladesh:

pg. 17