Riveted Joint Design

RIVETED JOINTS
Solid rivets
Riveted joint on a railway bridge
Riveted Container
1
RIVETED JOINTS
• Rivets are short cylindrical pieces of ductile
metal having a head at one end and slightly
tapered tail on the other end.
• The portion of a rivet between the head and the
tail is called shank and the size of a rivet is
specified by its shank diameter.
2
RIVETED JOINTS
• Rivets are used to join two or more pieces of
sheet metals permanently, plates to rolled
sections, rolled section to each other etc.
• Mild steel, wrought iron, copper and Aluminum
alloys are some of the metals commonly used
for rivets.
• Rivets are used for joining of sheets and plates
in bridges, boilers, storage tanks, pressure
vessels and ships etc.
• The process of joining two or more plates by
means of rivets is called riveting. 3
RIVETED JOINTS
Following types of rivets are used for different
work;
(1) Structural rivets (12 to 45mm dia)
(2) Boiler rivets (12 to 50mm dia)
(3) Small rivets (2 to 10mm dia)
4
• During riveting, rivet head is formed from the tail of
the rivet placed in the rivet holes drilled in the plates to
be fastened.
• Forming of head may be either by hand tools or by
machines.
• In machine riveting, force is applied by means of
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.
5
CAULKING & FULLERING
• To obtain leak proof joints, the edges of the plates to be joined
and the rivet heads are forced together by caulking and fullering
operations.
• Caulking is the operation of burring down the edges of the
plates and heads of the rivets to form a metal to metal joint by
a caulking tool which is in the form of a blunt edged chisel.
• Unlike the caulking tool, the width of the fullering tool is equal
to the width of the beveled edges of the plates.
6
FAILURE MODES OF RIVETED JOINTS
A riveted joint may fail in the following ways:

1. Tearing of plate at the edge
2. Tearing of plate across a row of rivets
3. Shearing of rivets
4. Crushing of rivets or plates
7
1. Tearing of plate at the edge:
• It occurs when the distance from the edge of the plate to the
side of the nearest row of rivet hole is very small.
• This can be avoided by keeping the margin ‘m’ i.e. the distance
from the hole center to the plate edge as 1.5 times the rivet
diameter.
8
2. Tearing of plate across a row of rivets:
• The plate may tear longitudinally between the rivets in the
same row as shown in fig.
• This can be prevented by spacing the rivets at a sufficient
distance from each other.
9
3. Shearing of rivets:
• The rivets may fail in either single shear (as in case of
lap joint) or double shear (as in case of butt joint with
two cover plates).
• Shearing of rivets can be prevented by using proper
diameter of rivets.
10
4. Crushing of rivets:
• The rivets or plate may fail by crushing as shown in fig.
• The resistance to this kind of failure is proportional to
the projected area of contact of the rivet with the
plate.
11
DESIGN OF RIVETED JOINTS
(Page No 79-87, Mahadevan DDHB )
TERMINOLOGY OF RIVETED JOINTS :
t Thickness of main plates ,
to , ti thickness of outer & inner cover plates (For double strap butt joints)
p Pitch Distance between two consecutive rivets in a row
pt Transverse pitch Distance between rows of rivets
pd Diagonal pitch (in case of zig zag riveting)
m Margin, d Diameter of rivet
n1 No of rivets in single shear per pitch length
n2 No of rivets in double shear per pitch length
dh Diameter of the rivet hole
t Allowable tensile stress of the plate
Allowable shear stress of the rivets
c Allowable crushing stress of the rivets or plate
Design procedure for Riveted Joint :
(1) Thickness of main plates (t) :
(a) May be directly given
pi D
(b) In case of pressure vessels, t  Eqn 5.1, P 77
2 t
where pi Pressure in MPa, D=Diameter of shell, mm
Expected efficiency of joint ( Assume 0.75 if not given)
Find t & take standard value from Table 5.3c, page 85
(2) Diameter of rivet 'd' & rivet hole 'd h'
Diameter of rivet d 6.07 t  Eqn 5.11(d), P 81
Find d & take standard value from Table 5.3b, page 84
Diameter of rivet hole d h (d 1) mm
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
(3) Pitch of the rivets (p) :
(n1 1.875n2 ) d 2
(a) p d  Eqn 5.12a, P 81
4t t
(b) According to IBR, p (k1t 41) mm Eqn 5.12b, P 81
Refer Table5.4a, Page 85, for values of k1
Take the least of the above two values for p
(4) Transverse pitch pt 2d to 2.5d  Eqn 5.13(a) , P 82
Take pt 2.25 d (Mean value)
(5) Margin m 1.5d  Eqn 5.16, P 83
(6) Thickness of cover plates : (For Butt joints)
For equal width of cover plates, ti to 0.625t  Eqn 5.4(c), P 80
For unequal width of cover plates;
to 0.625t , ti 0.75t  Eqns 5.4e & f, P 80
*For lap joints, take t i =DrtP R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
(7) Strengths of the joint :
(a) Strength of solid plate P p t t  Eqn 5.6(a), P 80
(b) Tearing resistance of a unit strip of plate
along its weakest section, Pt ( p d h )t t  Eqn 5.6(b), P 80
(Take rivet hole dia only for tearing of plate)
(c) Shearing resistance of all rivets in a unit strip of plate
d2
Ps (n1 1.875n2 )  Eqn 5.6(d), P 80
4
(d ) Crushing resistance of all rivets
Pc (n1ti n2t )d c  Eqn 5.6(e), P 80
(*For lap joints, ti t & n2 0)
(8) Efficiency of the joint :
Least of Pt ,Ps & Pc
Efficiency of the joint ηDr=P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore P
Problem 1
INTRODUCTION
A double riveted lap joint (chain type) is to be
made of 10 mm plates. Design the riveted joint if
the safe working stresses in tearing of plates,
shearing & crushing are 124 MPa, 93 MPa & 165
MPa respectively. Add a neat sketch of the joint
showing the important design parameters.
16
Data : t 10 mm, t 124 MPa, 93 Mpa, c 124 MPa
Double riveted lap joint with chain riveting.
p
m t m
d t
t
p 1 SS 1 SS
S S

Bangalore
Diameter of rivet d 6.07 t  Eqn 5.11d, P 81
d 6.07 10 19.19mm 20 mm
( standard value from Table 5.3b, page 84)
Diameter of rivet hole d h ( d 1) =21 mm
(n1 1.875n2 ) d 2
(a) p d  Eqn 5.12a, P 81
4t t
For double riveted lap joint n1 2, n2 0
2 202 93
p 20 67.12 68 mm
4 10 124Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
(b) According to IBR, p (k1t 41) mm  Eqn 5.12b, P81
From T5.4a, Page 85,
for lap joint with 2 rivets per pitch, k1 2.62
p (2.62 10 41) =67.2 68 mm
As both values are same, take p = 68 mm
(3) Transverse pitch pt 2d to 2.5d  Eqn 5.13(a), P 82
Take pt 2.25 d 2.25 20 45 mm
(4) Margin m 1.5d  Eqn 5.16, P 83
m 1.5 20 30 mm
(5) Thickness of cover plates :
For lap joints, there are no cover plates.
*Hence, take ti = t = 10Drmm
P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
(a ) Strength of solid plate P p t t  Eqn 5.6a, P 80
P 68 10 124 84320 N
(b) Tearing resistance of a unit strip of plate along its
weakest section, Pt ( p d h ) t t  Eqn 5.6 (b), P 80
Pt (68 21) 10 124 58280 N
d2
Ps ( n1 1.875n2 )  Eqn 5.6(d), P 80
4
202
Ps (2 1.875 0) 93 58434 N
4
Bangalore
Pc (n1ti n2t )d c  Eqn 5.6(c), P 80 (Here ti t & n2 0)
Pc (2 10 0) 20 165 66000 N
Efficiency of the joint η =
P
Here, the least strength of the joint is in tearing 58280 N
58280
= 0.69 69%
84320

Bangalore
Problem 2
INTRODUCTION
Design and sketch a double riveted butt joint with
two equal cover plates for the longitudinal seam of
a boiler shell 1.5 m in diameter to a steam pressure
of 0.95N/mm2. Assume an efficiency of 75% to
calculate the thickness of the main plates. The
allowable tensile stress in the plate of 90 N/mm2,
allowable compressive stress of 140 N/mm2 and an
allowable shear stress in the rivet of 56 N/mm2.
22
23
Data : pi 0.95 N / mm2 , D 1.5 m 1500 mm, =0.75
t 90 MPa, 56 Mpa, c 140 MPa
Double riveted butt joint with equal cover plates
m p 2m p m
t t
to
d
t
ti
1 DS 1 DS p
S S
Double Riveted Butt

Dr P RJoint (Chain)
Venkatesh, Mechwith
Dept,equal
RVCE, cover plates
Bangalore
pi D
(1) Thickness of main plates (t) :  Eqn 5.1, P 79
2 t
pi D 0.95 1500
t 10.55 12 mm
2 t 2 90 0.75
( standard value from Table 5.3c, page 85)
d 6.07 12 21mm 22 mm
Diameter of rivet hole d h (d 1) 23 mm
Bangalore
(n1 1.875n2 ) d 2
(a) p d  Eqn 5.12a, P 81
4t t
For double riveted butt joint with equal straps, n1 0, n2 2
2
1.875 2 22 56
p 22 96 mm
4 12 90
(b) According to IBR, p (k1t 41) mm  Eqn 5.12b, P 81
From T5.4a, Page 85, for double strap butt joints
with 2 rivets per pitch length, k1 3.5
p (3.5 12 41) =83 mm
Take the least of the above two values for p = 83 mm
Bangalore
(4) Transverse pitch pt 2d to 2.5d  Eqn 5.13a, P 82
Take pt 2.25 d 2.25 22 49.5 mm
(5) Margin m 1.5d  Eqn 5.16, P 83
m 1.5 22 33 mm
(6) Thickness of cover plates : (For Butt joints)
For equal width of cover plates, ti to 0.625t  Eqn 5.4c, P 80
ti to 0.625 12 7.5 mm
(a ) Strength of solid plate P p t t  Eqn 5.6a, P 80
P 83 12 90 89640 N
weakest section, Pt ( p dh ) t t  Eqn 5.6b, P 80
Pt (83 23) 12 90Dr P R Venkatesh,
64800 N
Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
d2
Ps (n1 1.875n2 )  Eqn 5.6d, P 80
4
222
Ps (0 1.875 2) 56 79828 N
4
Pc (n1ti n2t )d c  Eqn 5.6e, P 80 (Here n1 0 & n2 2)
Pc (0 7.5 2 12) 22 140 73920 N
P
Here, the least strength of the joint is in tearing 64800 N
64800
= 0.723 = 72.3%
89640 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Problem 3
INTRODUCTION
Design and sketch a triple riveted butt joint to join
two plates of thickness 10 mm. The pitch of the
rivets in extreme rows which are in single shear is
twice the pitch of the rivets in the inner rows
which are in double shear. The design stresses of
the materials of the main plate and rivets are 120
N/mm2 in tension, 160 N/mm2 in crushing and 80
N/mm2 in shearing.
29
Data : t 10 mm, t 120 MPa, 80 Mpa, c 160 MPa
Triple riveted butt joint with unequal cover plates,
Pitch of outer row=2 pitch of inner row
m p 2m p m
t t
to
d
t
ti
2 DS 2 DS
p
1 SS

Bangalore
d 6.07 10 19.19mm 20 mm
Diameter of rivet hole d h (d 1) =21 mm
(n1 1.875n2 ) d 2
(a) p d  Eqn 5.12a, P 81
4t t
From the fig, joint n1 1, n2 4
(1 1.875 4) 20 2 80
p 20 198 mm
4 10 120
Bangalore
(b) According to IBR, max p (k1t 41) mm  Eqn 5.12b, P 81
From T5.4a, Page 85,
for double strapped butt joint with 5 rivets per pitch, k1 6
p (6 10 41) =101 mm
Taking least of the above two values p 101 mm (outer row)
(3) Transverse pitch pt 2d to 2.5d  Eqn 5.13(a), P 82
Take pt 2.25 d 2.25 20 45 mm
(4) Margin m 1.5d  Eqn 5.16, P 83
m 1.5 20 30 mm
(5) Thickness of cover plates :
For unequal width of cover plates;
to 0.625t , ti 0.75t ,  Eqns 5.4e & f, P 80
to 0.625 10 6.25Dr Pmm , ti Mech0.75
R Venkatesh, 10 7.5 mm
Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Note:
INTRODUCTION
• Since the pitch of the outer row is twice that of the
inner rows, the strength of the joint must be found out
for three more cases in addition to tearing of plate,
shearing of rivets and crushing of rivets.
• The additional possible modes of failure due to
combined action of loads are given in Eqns 5.8a, 5.9a &
5.9c respectively. (Page 80 & 81)
• The least of the above six values must be considered for
calculating efficiency.
33
(a) Strength of solid plate P p t t  Eqn 5.6(a), P 80
P 101 10 120 121200 N
weakest section, Pt ( p d h ) t t  Eqn 5.6(b), P 80
Pt (101 21) 10 120 96000 N
2
d
Ps (n1 1.875n2 )  Eqn 5.6(c), P 80
4
202
Ps (1 1.875 4) 80 213628 N
Dr P 4
R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
(d) Crushing resistance of all rivets
Pc (n1ti n2t )d c  Eqn 5.6(e), P 80 (Here n1 1 & n2 4)
Pc (1 7.5 4 10) 20 160 152000 N
(e) The resistance to tearing of plate at inner row & shearing
of rivets in the outer row;
Pts ( p 2d )t t k d 2  Eqn 5.8a, P 80

4
Where k = 1 for single shear & 1.875 for double shear (Page 80)
Here, as the rivets in outer row are in single shear, k=1
Pts (101 2 20) 10 120 1 202 80 98333 N

4
(f) The resistance to tearing of plate at inner row & crushing
of rivets in the outer row;
Ptc ( p 2d )t t dt c  Eqn 5.9a, P 81
Pts (101 2 20) Dr10 120 Mech
P R Venkatesh, (20
Dept, 10
RVCE, 160) 105200 N
Bangalore
(g) The resitance to shearing of rivets in outer row &
crushing of rivets in the inner row;
Psc d2 ndt c  Eqn 5.9c, P 81

4
Where n = No of rivets per pitch length in inner row (Here, n = 4)
Psc 202 80 (4 20 10 160) 153133 N

4
Least of Pt ,Ps ,Pc , Pts , Ptc & Psc
P
Here, the least strength of the joint is in tearing Pt = 96000 N
96000
= 0.792 79.2%
121200
Bangalore
Eccentric Loading of riveted Joints:
An eccentrically
loaded riveted joint
is one in which the
line of application
of the load does
not pass through
the center of
gravity (c.g) of the
system.
37
INTRODUCTION
Eccentric Loading of riveted Joints
• The eccentric load can be replaced by an equal load passing through

the c.g and a couple whose value is equal to the load & the
perpendicular distance between the c.g of rivet group & the actual
load line.
• The equivalent load produces primary shear (equal on all rivets) & the
couple produces a secondary shear (varies depending on the distance
of rivet from c.g) 38
INTRODUCTION
Type I (Load in same plane as Plane of rivets)
_
x
_ F4
x e
F 4 1
1 Fd l1 Fd F1
4 l4
3
_ 2 c.g
y
_ F3 l3
y l2
3
2
F2
Fd Fd
39
TERMINOLOGY USED (ECCENTRIC LOADING)
F Eccentric Force, x & y coordinates of the c.g
e Eccentricity Distance of load line from c.g of rivet system
l1 , l2 ,l3 etc. distances of rivets from c.g of rivet system
Fd Direct (primary shear) load /rivet which acts parallel to load
F1 , F2 , F3 etc. Secondary shear loads on rivets to l1 , l2 ,l3 etc.
(Direction of moments due to F1 ,F2 ,F3 ,etc. should be same
as that of F × e)
1 , 2 , 3 , etc. Angle between Fd & F1 , Fd & F2 , Fd & F3 etc.

FR1 , FR 2 , FR 3 etc. Resultant Loads on rivets 1, 2,3, etc.
Allowable shear stress of the rivets
Design procedure for eccentrically loaded Joints :
(1) Find c.g of rivet system :
x1 x2 x3  y1 y2 y3 
x , y
No of rivets No of rivets
(2) Find eccentricity e, l1 , l2 , l3  & cos
Ex : l1 x2 y 2 . Identify the rivets for which <900
Among these, identify the farthest rivet and find cos for that.
(3) Direct shear load / rivet : (same on all rivets)
F
Fd which acts parallel to F
No of rivets
(4) Secondary load on rivet : (depends on its distance from c.g)
Fel1 Fel1 Fel2
F1 = 2 2 2 , F2 and so on.
l 2
l1 l2 l3  l1 l2 l3 
2 2 2

Bangalore
(5) Resultant force on most heavily loaded rivet :
Ex : if l2 is highest, it is the farthest & hence heavily loaded rivet.
Fel2
Find cos 2 and F2
l2
Resultant force on rivet 2, FR2 = Fd2 + F22 + 2Fd F2 cosθ2
(6) Size of the rivet :
FR max d2
Shear stress , where A= Find 'd' & standardize its value.
A 4
( Note : If ' d ' is given, find FR max )

Bangalore
Problem 1
INTRODUCTION
Determine the diameter of rivets for a joint loaded as shown in
fig. Take allowable shear stress in the rivets as 75 MPa.
900
50 20 KN
200
150
All dimensions are in mm

43
900
50 50 KN
4 5
1
200
2
3
150
All dimensions are in mm

Let the rivets be numbered as shown.
(1) c.g of rivet system :

Taking rivet 3 as origin, bottom row as x axis & left row y axis,
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 150 150 0 0 50
x = 70 mm
5 5
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 200 0 0 200 200
y 120 m m
5 5 44
(2) Eccentricity e, l1 , l2 , l3  & cos :
50 e (900 x) (900 70) 830 mm
F4 F5
4 5 1
l1 802 802 = 113.13 mm,
l5 l1 F1
Fd l4 F
d
Fd 1 l2 802 1202 = 144.22 mm
200 c.g
F3 l3 l2 _ l3 702 1202 = 138.92 mm
y
_ l4 702 802 = 106.3 mm
3 x F2
2 2
Fd
150 Fd l5 202 802 = 82.46 mm
900 for rivets 1 & 2.
Among them, the farthest rivet is 2.
80
cos 2 0.555
144.22
Bangalore
F 20 103
Fd 4 × 10 3 N (acts parallel to F )
No of rivets 5
(4) Secondary load on rivet : (depends on l )
As the rivet 2 is farthest, it is most heavily loaded rivet.
Hence calculate only F2 .
Fel2 20 103 830 144.22
F2
l12 l22 l32 l42 l52 113.132 144.222 138.922 106.32 82.46 2
F2 33721 = 33.721× 10 3 N
Resultant force on rivet 2, FR 2 Fd2 F22 2 Fd F2 cos 2
FR 2 103 42 33.7212 2 4 33.721 0.555 36.1× 10 3 N

FR max d2
(6) Size of the rivet : Shear stress , where A=
A 4
4 36.1 103
i.e. 75= d=24.75 27 mm (T 5.3 b, Page 84)
d2 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Problem 2
INTRODUCTION
Determine the load carrying capacity of the joint shown in fig.
Take allowable shear stress in the rivets as 90 MPa and the
diameter of the rivets as 25 mm.
1200 mm
F
200 mm
180 mm
47
1200 mm
1
4
200 mm
2
3
180 mm Let the rivets be numbered as shown.

Taking rivet 3 as origin, bottom row as x axis & left row y axis,
x1 x2 x3 x4 180 180 0 0
x = 90 mm
4 4
y1 y2 y3 y4 240 0 0 240
y 120 mm
4 4 48
F4
4
1 e (1200 x)
Fd l1 Fd F1 e (1200 90) 1110 mm
l4
Due to symmetry, l1 l2 l3 l4
c.g
240 902 1202 =150 mm,
_ F3 l3
y =120
l2 <900 for rivets 1 & 2.
3
2 As l1 l2 ,
_
x =90 F2
Fd Fd either 1 or 2 is heavily loaded.
180
90
cos 1 0.6
150

Bangalore
F F
Fd 0.25F (acts parallel to F )
No of rivets 4
All rivets are equidistant from c.g, take rivet 1 (or 2)
as they have <900 ( co is ve)
Fel2 F 1110 150
F1
l12 l22 l32 l42 l52 1502 1502 1502 1502
F1 1.85F
Resultant force on rivet 1, FR1 F 0.252 1.852 2 0.25 1.85 0.6
FR1 2.01 F Newton
FR max d2
(6) Load on the joint : Shear stress , where A=
A 4
4 2.01F
i.e. 90= F=21979.4 21.98 KN
252 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Problem 3
INTRODUCTION
Determine the diameter of rivets for a joint loaded as shown in
fig. Take allowable shear stress in the rivets as 60 MPa.
30 KN
0
60
90
90
90
51
30 KN
60
0 Let the rivets be numbered as shown.
90
2
90 e
3
90
4

Taking rivet 4 as origin,
x1 x2 x3 x4 0 0 0 0
x = 0
4 4
y1 y2 y3 y4 270 180 90 0
y 135 mm
4 4 52
1 F1
90 Fd From e 135sin 300 67.5 mm

2 F2 l1
Due to symmetry, l1 135 mm
l2
c.g
90 Fd e l2 45 mm l3 45 mm, l4 = 135 mm
l3
3
< 900 for rivets 3 & 4.
0
F3 30
90 Fd l4 Among them, l4 is highest.
∴ Rivet 4 is heavily loaded
4
F4
cos 4 cos 600 0.5
Fd

Bangalore
F 30
Fd 7.5 KN = 7.5×103 N ( acts parallel to F )
No of rivets 4
As rivet 4 has < 900 and also farthest from c.g,
calculate only F4 (heavily loaded rivet)
Fel4 30 103 67.5 135
F4
l12 l22 l32 l42 l52 1352 452 452 1352
F4 6750 N = 6.75×103 N
Resultant force on rivet 1, FR 4 103 7.52 6.752 (2 7.5 6.75 0.5)
FR1 12.35×103 N
FR max d2
(6) Dia of the joint : Shear stress , where A=
A 4
4 12.35 103
i.e. 60= d 16.18 18 mm (T 5.3 b, Page 84)
d2 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
INTRODUCTION
Type II
(Plane of load perpendicular to Plane of rivets)
Fd
e
F1 F
6 1
l1
5 2 F2
l6
l5 l2
4 3
l4 F3
l3
Rocking or
tilting edge
55
TERMINOLOGY USED (ECCENTRIC LOADING TYPE II)
F Eccentric Force, x & y coordinates of the c.g
e Eccentricity Distance of load line from c.g of rivet system
l1 , l2 ,l3 etc. distances from rocking edges to rivets 1,2,3 etc.
Fd Direct (primary shear) load /rivet which acts parallel to load
F1 , F2 , F3 etc. Normal loads on rivets.
(Take load on farthest rivet from tilting edge as Fmax )
max Max allowable shear stress of the rivets
max Max allowable tensile stress of the rivets
Design procedure for eccentrically loaded (Type II) Joints :
(1) Find distances, l1 , l2 , l3 
F
Fd which acts parallel to F
No of rivets
Fd
(3) Shear stress in the rivets : =
A
(4) Normal load on rivets :
(depends on its distance from rocking edge)
Fel1 Fel1 Fel2
F1 = 2 2 2 , F2 and so on.
l 2
l1 l2 l3  l12 l2 l3 
2 2
Take the maximum load as Fmax

Fmax
(5) Tensile stress due to normal load :
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE, A
Bangalore
Design procedure for (Type II) Joints contd ....
(6) Principal stresses due to combined loading :
1
(a) Maximum normal stress σ max 2
4 2 allowable
2
From the above,find the value of c/s area & hence diameter of rivets
1 2
(b) Maximum shear stress max 4 2 allowable
2
Once again ,find the value of c/s area & hence diameter of rivets.
Selct the bigger diameter and take the standard size from T5.3b, P 84
Note : If the size of the rivet is given, find the load F from both
equations and selct the minimum of the two values for load.

Bangalore
INTRODUCTION
Problem 1
Find the diameter of the rivets loaded as shown. The
allowable stresses are 150 MPa in tension and 90 MPa in
shear.
e =700 mm
F=65 KN
100
100
50
Rocking or
tilting edge 59
INTRODUCTION
Let the rivets be numbered as shown.
Data : F 6500 N , 150 MPa, 90 MPa
allowable allowable
(1) Distances of rivets from rocking ed ge :

From the fig, l1 l5 250 mm, l2 l4 150 mm, l3 50 mm
Fd
700 mm
F1 65 KN
5 1
100
l1 F2
4 2
100
l2
3 F3
l3 50
Rocking or
tilting edge 60
F 65 103
Fd = =13000 N
No of rivets 5
Fd 13 103
(3) Shear stress in the rivet :
A A
Fel1 Fel1 Fel2
F1 = 2 2 2 , F2 and so on.
l 2
l1 l2 l3  l12 l2 l3 
2 2
As rivet 1 (or 5) is farthest from rocking edge, take the maximum load
65 103 700 250
Fmax F1 65.942 103 N
2502 1502 502 1502 2502
Fmax 65.942 103
A A Bangalore
1
4 2 allowable
2
103
65.94 65.942 4(13) 2 150
2 A
2 d2
A=456 mm 456, or d = 24 mm
4
1 2
2
103
65.942 4(13) 2 90
2 A
2
d
A 394 mm 2 394 , or d = 22.39 mm
4
Selct the bigger diameter and take the standard size from T5.3b, P 84
d = 24 mm Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
INTRODUCTIONProblem 2
Determine the safe load that can be carried by a bracket
riveted as shown. Allowable stresses in the rivets are 120
MPa in tension, and 65 MPa in shear.
900
300
200
63
d 25 mm A
INTRODUCTION
Data : Let the rivets be numbered as shown.
252
491 mm 2 , allowable 120 MPa, allowable 65 MPa, F ?
4
(1) Distances of rivets from rocking e dge :
From the fig, l1 l4 500 mm, l2 l3 200 mm
900
Fd
F
4 1 F1
300
l1
3 2 l2 200
Rocking or tilting edge 64

F F
Fd = = 0.25F N
No of rivets 4
Fd 0.25 F
(3) Shear stress in the rivet : = 0.5062 10 3 F
A 491
Fel1 Fel1 Fel2
F1 = 2 2 2 , F2 and so on.
l 2
l1 l2 l3  l1 l2 l3 
2 2 2
As rivet 1 (or 4) is farthest from rocking edge, take the maximum load
F 900 500
Fmax F1 2 2 2 2
0.775F N
500 200 200 500
Fmax 0.775 F
= 1.578 10 3 F
A 491 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
1
4 2
allowable
2
10 3 F
1.578 1.5782 4(0.5092) 2 120
2
F = 69.443 KN
1 2
2
10 3 F
1.578 1.5782 4(0.5092) 2 65
2
F = 69.222 KN
Selct the smaller load. i.e. F = 69.222 KN
Bangalore
INTRODUCTION Problem 3
Determine the load capacity of the bracket shown in fig. if
the maximum allowable normal & shear stresses are 80
MPa & 60 MPa respectively. 1000
F
Rocking or
tilting edge 67
Data : Let the rivets be numbered as shown. allowable 80 MPa, allowable 60 MPa, F ?
(1)Distances of rivets from rockin g edge :
From the fig, l1 l6 900 mm, l2 l5 500 mm, l3 l 4 200 mm.
e =1000
Fd F
F1
1
6
F2
5 l1
2
l2
F3
4 3 l3
Rocking or
tilting edge
68
Direct shear load / rivet : (same on all rivets)
F F
Fd = =0.167F N
No of rivets 6
Note : As the size of rivets are different, it is necessary to check
the stresses in the rivets at all distances from rocking edge.
(a) Consider rivets 1 & 6, dia = 30 mm A 707 mm 2
Fd 0.167 F
A 707
Fel1 Fel1 F 1000 900
F1 = 0.4091F N
l 2
l1 l2 l3  2 900 500 200
2 2 2 2 2 2

Fmax 0.4091F
=0.5786 10 3 F
A 707 Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
1
(i) Maximum normal stress σ max 2
4 2
allowable
2
3
10 F
0.5786 0.5786 2 4(0.2362) 2 80
2
F = 120.7 KN
1 2 2
(ii) Maximum shear stress max 4 allowable
2
3
10 F
0.57862 4(0.2362) 2 60
2
F = 160.652 KN

Bangalore
(b) Consider rivets 2 & 5, dia = 24 mm A 452.4 mm 2
Fd 0.167 F
A 452.4
Fel2 Fel2 F 1000 500
F2 = 0.2273F N
l 2
l1 l2 l3  2 900 500 200
2 2 2 2 2 2

Fmax 0.2273F
=0.5024 10 3 F
A 452.4
1
4 2
allowable
2
3
10 F
0.5024 0.50242 4(0.369) 2 80 F = 114.66 KN
2
1 2 2
(ii) Maximum shear stress max 4 allowable
2
3
10 F
0.50242 4(0.369) 2
60 F = 134.4 KN
2 Bangalore
(c) Consider rivets 3 & 4, dia = 15 mm A 177 mm 2
Fd 0.167 F
A 177
Fel2 Fel3 F 1000 200
F3 = 0.091F N
l 2 l12 l22 l32  2 9002 5002 2002
F3 0.091
=0.514 10 3 F
A 177
1
4 2 allowable
2
10 3 F
0.514 0.5142 4(0.9435) 2 80 F = 64.78 KN
2
1 2
(ii) Maximum shear stress max 4 2 allowable
2
10 3 F
0.5142 4(0.9435) 2 60 F = 61.35 KN
2
Of all the above values,Drtake
P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
least value, i.e. F = 61.35 KN as safe load.
Bangalore

Riveted Joint Design

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Riveted Joint Design

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RIVETED JOINTS

Riveted joint on a railway bridge

A riveted joint may fail in the following ways:

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Double Riveted Butt

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Pts ( p 2d )t t k d 2  Eqn 5.8a, P 80

Pts (101 2 20) 10 120 1 202 80 98333 N

Psc d2 ndt c  Eqn 5.9c, P 81

Psc 202 80 (4 20 10 160) 153133 N

• The eccentric load can be replaced by an equal load passing through

1 , 2 , 3 , etc. Angle between Fd & F1 , Fd & F2 , Fd & F3 etc.

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

All dimensions are in mm

All dimensions are in mm

(1) c.g of rivet system :

FR 2 103 42 33.7212 2 4 33.721 0.555 36.1× 10 3 N

180 mm Let the rivets be numbered as shown.

(1) c.g of rivet system :

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

(1) c.g of rivet system :

90 Fd From e 135sin 300 67.5 mm

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Take the maximum load as Fmax

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

(1) Distances of rivets from rocking ed ge :

Rocking or tilting edge 64

(3) Tensile stress due to normal load :

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

(3) Tensile stress due to normal load :

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