CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)

University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

CVNG 2006: STRUCTURAL DESIGN I

STRUCTURAL TIMBER DESIGN MODULE

Mr. Lendel Bethelmy

Lecturer in Structural Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of the West Indies
St. Augustine Campus

Email: lendel.bethelmy@sta.uwi.edu

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Recap of Previous Lecture:

▪ Uses of Timber in Construction

▪ Desirable & Undesirable Properties of Structural Timber

▪ Stages for Structural Use

▪ Material Classification & Strength Properties of Timber

▪ Strength Reducing Characteristics

▪ Cross Sectional Properties of Sawn Lumber & Glued Laminated Timber

▪ Structural Design Load Tables

▪ Structural Analysis, Structural Design & Structural Detailing

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

“Allowable Stress Design” vs “Load & Resistance Factor Design”

General Design Rule: Demand ≤ Capacity

≤ (ASD)

where:
▪ 𝑄𝑛𝑖 = Demand or Load Effect
▪ 𝑅𝑛 = Capacity or Nominal Strength
▪ 𝐹. 𝑆. = Factor of Safety (F.S. > 1)

≤ (LRFD)

where:
▪ 𝑄𝑛𝑖 = Demand or Load Effect
▪ 𝛾𝑖 = Load Factor (generally, 𝛾 ≥ 1)
▪ 𝑅𝑛 = Capacity or Nominal Strength
▪ ∅ = Resistance Factor (∅ ≤ 1)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Load Combinations - ASCE 7-05

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Load Combinations – ASCE 7-05 (con’t)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Gravity Load Path

NB: This is representative of a general load path, for typical structures. Load paths may
vary according to type of imposed load, as well as the arrangement of the structural
components, within the specific structural system.

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Gravity Load Path (con’t)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Gravity Load Path (con’t)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Gravity Load Path (con’t)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Gravity Load Path (con’t)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Design Values for Structural Timber

▪ Reference Design Values, RDV (F, E):

These are tabulated, basic design values (strengths) for specified structural timber
groups. They are based on specified reference conditions such as load duration and
moisture service conditions, etc. RDV’s can be obtained from the National Design
Specification (NDS) Supplement Tables 4A through 4F.

▪ Adjusted Design Values, ADV (F’, E’):

Adjusted Design Value = Reference Design Value x Adjustment Factors

F’ = F x (C1) (C2)……(Cn)

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Adjustment Factors Description for Structural Timber

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Adjustment Factors for Sawn Lumber

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Adjustment Factors for Structural Glued Laminated Timber

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Design Considerations for Timber Beams

▪ Bending (flexure including lateral stability)
▪ Shear
▪ Bearing (at supports)
▪ Deflection

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Bending Stress – Load Effect

Transpose for σ and rename to fb for convenience:

𝑀𝑦 𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = =
𝐼 𝑆

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Bending Stress – Load Effect (con’t)

𝑀
𝑓𝑏 =
𝑆
where:
▪ 𝑓𝑏 = Actual Bending Stress
▪ M = Applied Moment
▪ S = Elastic Section Modulus

So, the design requirement becomes:

𝑓𝑏 ≤ 𝐹′𝑏
where:
▪ 𝑓𝑏 = Actual Bending Stress
▪ 𝐹′𝑏 = Adjusted Bending Design Value

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Shear Stress – Load Effect

Where:

Q = first moment of area

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Shear Stress – Load Effect (con’t)

3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 =
2𝐴
where:
▪ 𝑓𝑣 = Actual Shear Stress
▪ V = Applied Shear Force
▪ A = Cross-sectional Area

So, the design requirement becomes:

𝑓𝑣 ≤ 𝐹′𝑣
where:
▪ 𝑓𝑣 = Actual Shear Stress
▪ 𝐹′𝑣 = Adjusted Shear Design Value

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Bearing Stress – Load Effect

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

Deflection Check

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CVNG 2006 | Beams (TM)
University of the
West Indies
St. Augustine

*End of Lecture*

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