1.

Microvilli - are surface bulges which are formed from accessory proteins of the actin
filaments. The accessory proteins bundle together in order for them to form microvilli on
the surface of the cell membrane.
2. Cilia – are small hair-like protuberances outside of the eukaryotic cells. They are
responsible for locomotion, either of the cell or of the fluids on the cell surface.
Biologydictionary.net Editors (2017, June 25). Cilium. Retrieved from
https://biologydictionary.net/cilium/

3. Plasma (Cell) Membrane – is a thin semipermeable protein-membrane layer which

surrounds an animal cell. It is composed of a percentage of lipids making a semi-
permeable barrier between the cell and its physical environment.
4. Cytoplasm – is a gel-like material which comprises all the cell organelles, enclosed
within the cell membrane. The membrane has pores, which allows the entry of a large
molecule.
5. Cytoskeleton – is a fibrous network that is formed from and by the different proteins of
long chains of amino acids. They are also made up of 3 types of tiny filaments which are:
Actin filaments (Microfilaments), Microtubules, and Intermediate filaments.
6. Microtubules - are long, straight, hollow cylinders filaments which are constructed from
13-15 sub-filaments (protofilament) strand of a special globular protein called tubulin and
could be found only in the eukaryotic cells.
7. Centrosome - are made up of arrangements of two barrel-shaped knots of microtubules,
which are called “centrioles,” and a complex of proteins which helps to create additional
microtubules. (https://biologydictionary.net/centrosome/)
8. Centrioles – is a small structure that is made up of 9 sets of microtubules, it is placed in
groups of three therefore they are called triplet microtubules. The triplet microtubules are
held together by proteins, giving the centriole its shape.
9. Mitochondria – is rod-shaped or oval or spherically shaped, with a size of 0.5 to 10 μm.
They have a mitochondrial gel-matric in their central mass. The membranes curve into
folds known as cristae.
10. Peroxisomes – is spherically shaped and it is bounded by a membrane, they are the most
common micro-bodies in the cell cytoplasm.
11. Lysosomes - are round subcellular organelle which could be found in almost all of the
eukaryotic cells.
12. Vacuoles - are membrane-bound sacs which could be found within the cell cytoplasm.
The vacuole sac has a single membrane surrounding it which was known as a tonoplast
and this membrane bear a resemblance to the plasma membrane.
13. Endosomes - are the membranous organelles which bounds to the cell membrane.
14. Ribosomes – is a tiny, mitten-shaped organelle happening in great numbers in the cell
cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic
reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.
(https://www.dictionary.com/browse/ribosome)
15. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Complex)– is made up of stack of small flat sacs which was
formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm. They are membrane-bound cell
organelles which could be found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, which was next to
the endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus.
16. Golgi Vesicles – is a small structure within a cell which consists of a fluid enclosed by a
lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis),
uptake (phagocytosis) and transport of materials within the cytoplasm.
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/4%3A_Cell_Structure/

4.4%3A_The_Endomembrane_System_and_Proteins/4.4A
%3A_Vesicles_and_Vacuoles#:~:text=A%20vesicle%20is%20a%20small,of

%20materials%20within%20the%20cytoplasm.
17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - rough ER is called “rough” because its surface is
covered with ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance.
18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - consists of a long network of a folded, tube-like
structure. You can think of it like a pipeline with a lot of twists and turns.
(https://study.com/academy/lesson/smooth-er-definition-functions-
structure.html#:~:text=Smooth%20ER%20consists%20of%20a,that%20encloses%20the
%20entire%20cell.)
19. Nucleus - spherical structured organelle is majorly found on the center of a cell
surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane separating it from the cytoplasm.
20. Nuclear Membrane – also known as Nuclear Envelope, it is a double membrane layer
which separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell. It could be found in
both animal and plant cells. (Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2016, October 27). Nuclear
Membrane. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/nuclear-membrane/)
21. Nuclear Pores – is an opening or passageway through the nuclear envelope. It connects
the nucleoplasm (nucleus) to the cytoplasm. Its opening is 'plugged' with a remarkable
biological valve that only permits selected chemicals to move in and out of the nucleus.
(https://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/nuclear-pore/)
22. Nucleoplasm - is made up mostly of water, a mixture of various molecules, and
dissolved ions. It is enclosed within the nuclear membrane or also known as nuclear
envelope. It is a highly gelatinous substance which supports the chromosomes and
nucleoli. (https://www.softschools.com/science/biology/function_of_the_nucleoplasm/)
23. Chromatin – is made up of DNA and histones that are bundled into thin, stringy fibers.
These chromatin fibers are not compressed but can exist in either a compact form
(heterochromatin) or less compact form (euchromatin).
(https://www.thoughtco.com/chromatin-373461#:~:text=Chromatin%20is%20composed
%20of%20DNA,and%20recombination%20occur%20in%20euchromatin.)
24. Nucleolus - takes up to 25% of the volume of the nucleus. This structure is made up of
proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA).
(<ahref="https://www.softschools.com">Softschools.com - Free math and phonics
worksheets and online activities.</a>)