Direction: Choose the BEST answer WRITE your answer on the answer sheet provided.
1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the relationship between anatomy and
physiology?
a. The structure of something has nothing to
do with its function.
b. All specific functions are performed by
specific structures.
c. All structures have the same function.
d. Structure and functions are related to each
other only sometimes.
*they will always correlate with each other, anatomy
being the study of the actual physical organs and
their structure,while physiology studies how those
organs work to function the whole body as organ
systems.
2. Anatomical position refers to a person standing
erect, feet facing forward and:
a. arms hanging to sides and palms of hands
facing forward with the thumbs to the outside
b. arms raised in a raised position and palms
of hands facing dorsally with the thumbs to the side.
c. arms in raised position and alms of hands
facing forward with thumbs to the outside
d. arms hanging to sides and palms of hands
facing anteriorly and the thumbs located medially.
*provides a clear and consistent way of describing
human anatomy and physiology
3. The study dealing with the explanations of how an
organ works would be an example of _____.
a. Cell functions
b. Morphology
c. Physiology
d. Human functions
* physiology studies how those organs work to
function the whole body as organ systems.
4. Systemic anatomy considers the structure of
major_____, while surface anatomy refers to the study
of _____.
a. organ systems, superficial markings
b. superficial external features, anatomical
landmarks
c. anatomical landmarks, superficial
markings
d. superficial markings, macroscopic
anatomy
*Systemic Anatomy – the study of the body’s
structure by systems
Surface Anatomy – study of external features (bony
projections) which serve to locate deeper structures.
5. The following is an example of a homeostatic event.
a. Muscle strain
b. Shivering when it is cold
c. Sweating during a test
d. Developing a headache
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*the existence and maintenance of a
relatively constant environment within the body
General Organization of the Body
6. The wrist is _____ to the fingers with respect to the
elbow.
a. Inferior
b. Proximal
c. Distal
d. Superior
*toward the point of attachment
7. A medial tumor on the head could be on the _____.
a. Eye
b. Cheeks
c. Nose *middle
d. Ears
8. The arms lie on the _____ surface of the trunk.
a. Medial
b. Distal
c. Posterior
d. Lateral *toward the side
9. A mental tumor could be one in the _____.
a. Jaw
b. Brain*mental related to brain
c. Thigh
d. Leg
10. Making a sagittal section results in the separation
of:
a. anterior and posterior portions of the body
b. dorsal and ventral portions of the body
c. superior and inferior portions of the body
d. right and left portions of the body
11. The subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity include
the:
a. cranial and spinal cavity
b. abdominal and pelvic cavity
c. pericardial and pleural cavity
d. thoracic and abdominal cavity
12. Typically, a ‘wrist-watch’ is actually worn:
a. over the distal end of the radius and ulna
b. around the proximal tarsal bones
c. around the proximal carpal bones
d. over the distal end of the metacarpals
13. Tilt your head, bringing your right ear to your
right shoulder. What is the movement of your neck?
a. External Flexion
b. Medial Flexion
c. Lateral Flexion *toward the side
d. Rotation
14. James Reid is working on his third set of thirty 4. Tissues
push-ups. Which best describes the position he is in?
a. Prone lying flat with face downward 21. Epithelial tissue is characterized by each of these
b. Distal traits, except that ____________.
c. Strong a. it lacks blood vessels
d. Supine b. it is anchored to a basement membrane
c. it functions in secretion, absorption, and
15. Jane feels compelled to do a few jumping jacks. excretion
Which movement is taking place as her hands come d. epithelial cells are loosely packed and have
together above her head? much intercellular material
a. Lateral Flexion *epithelial tissue perform a variety of
b. Adduction functions that include protection, secretion,
c. Abduction *movement of the arms away absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and
from the body within the plane of the torso (sagittal sensory reception.
plane).
d. Internal Rotation 22. Microvilli, which function to increase surface
3. The Cells area, are more likely to be found in ____________
epithelium.
16. Beginning with cells and proceeding through a. simple columnar * serve as protection.
increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence b. simple cuboidal
is: c. simple squamous
a. Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ d. transitional
systems, organism * from smallest to largest
b. chemicals, organ systems, organs, tissues, 23. Which muscle tissue is multinucleate, voluntary,
cells, organisms and bears striations?
c. Chemical, cells, organ systems, tissues, a. smooth muscle
organ, organism b. multiunit smooth muscle
d. Tissues, chemicals, cells, organs, organ c. skeletal muscle *play an essential role in
system, organism respiratory mechanics and help in maintaining
posture and balance.
17. Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often d. cardiac muscle
affects the entire system. This supports the view that:
a. each level has its own specific function 24. The term _____ refers to the fact that an epithelial
b.each level is totally independent to each tissue has only one layer of cells.
other a. simple *one layer cells
c. each level is totally dependent on the other b. cuboidal
d. the lower levels depends on higher levels c. pseudostratified
*The body has levels of organization that build d. stratified
on each other, Different systems of the body carry out
different functions. 25. What type of tissue holds most organs together?
18. The basic unit of life: a. adipose
a. atoms b. loose connective *tendons, ligaments, fat,
b. molecules cartilage, and blood. Helps to attach one organ or
c. elements tissue to another.
d. cells *because all the living organisms are c. bone
made up of cell and it controls all the activities d. muscular
necessary.
5. Skeletal System
19. The sex chromosomes of normal females are:
a. X and X 26. Identify parts X and Y in the skeleton shown:
a. X and Y
b. Y and Y
c. none of the above

20. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

are all phases of _______________.
a. Infection
b. Mitosis *a process where a single cell
divides into two identical daughter cells
c. Adrenaline
d. Cell division

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 d. Regular

30. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. Bone is where most blood cells are made.
b. Bone serves as a storehouse for various
minerals.
c. Bone protects and supports the body and
its organs.*bone only supposed to support our body
,it doesn't protect any type of organ in any way
d. Bone is a dry and non-living supporting
structure.
a. X= Shoulder blade; Y= ulna
31. Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow
b. X= Collar bone; Y= ulna
for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth
c. X= Rib cage; Y=radius
occurs are ____.
d. X= Collar bone; Y= radius
a. foramina
* Collar bone (clavicle) It is the bone that connects
b. fontanels
the arm to the body.
c. sutures
*radius supports the lateral (thumb) side of the
d. sinuses
forearm
*The spaces between the bones that remain open in
babies and young children. It closes for about 12 to
27. In the diagram shown, what are the parts labelled
18 months.
X and Y?
32. The vertebrae that are located at the waist are
____.
a. cervical
b. lumbar
c. thoracic
d. sacral
*supports the upper parts of the spine

33. The thigh bone (the largest and strongest bone

of the human body):
a. ulna
b. humerus
a. X = pelvis, Y = ulna
c. femur
b. X = shoulder blade, Y = humerus
d. fibula
c. X = pelvis, Y = humerus
d. X = rib cage, Y = radius
34. The bones of the fingers and toes are collectively
*Humerus is a long bone of the upper limb, which
called:
extends from the shoulder to the elbow.
a. phalanges
* Pelvis basin-shaped structure that supports the
b. facets
spinal column and protects the abdominal organs
c. sutures
d. epicondyles
28. Which function of skeletal system would be
especially important if you were in a car accident?
35. When correctly situated in anatomical position,
a. Facilitation of movement
where are your feet in relation to your knees?
b. Storage of minerals
a. posterior
c. Fat storage
b. distal *refers to an area that is further
d. Protection of internal organs
away from the overall point of attachment.
*During an accident these bony cages act as shield to
c. superior
the internal organs and protect them from severe
d. proximal
damage.
5. Muscular System
29. Which of the following type of bone is affected in
a patient who fractures her scaphoid bone in her
36. Which of the following kinds of muscle is
wrist when she fell on the outstretched hand in local
voluntary?
supermarket?
a. Cardiac
a. Short * is one of the small carpal
b. Visceral
bones in the wrist
c. Skeletal
b. Long
d. Smooth
c. Irregular
* you control how and when they work.
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 c. two, three
37. The muscle of the upper back and neck extends d. four, three
the head and moves the shoulder is the _____________.
a. pectoralis major 45. The respiratory center is located in the _______.
b. deltoid a. individual body muscles that use up
c. trapezius *large muscle in your back oxygen
d. sternocleidomastoid b. medulla oblongata
c. alveoli
38. A cute, little curly-haired child named Ion is d. diaphragmatic center
sitting behind you in the church. You turn around for
a moment and she sticks her tongue out of you.
Which tongue muscle did she use?
a. gluteus maximus 7. Cardio Vascular System
b. orbicularis oris
c. sternocleidomastoid 46. The system responsible for transporting blood
d. genioglossus around the body is:
* protrude the tongue anteriorly and deviate the a. Urinary system
tongue to the opposite side. b. Lymphatic system
c. Circulatory system
39. Orbicularis oris __________________. d. Digestive system
a. closes, purses and protrudes the lips 47. The chambers of the heart are known as:
b. pulls the lower lip down and back a. Ventricles and areas
c. draws the eyebrow together b. Ventricles and cavities
d. allows blinking, squinting, and various c. Atria and ventricles
other protective mechanism for the eye d. Atria and cavities
*complex circular muscle that surrounds the orifice
of the mouth and forms the majority of the lips. 48. Identify the vessel below that is NOT a part of
the circulatory system:
40. To exhale forcibly, one would contract the: a. Artery
a. diaphragm alone b. Vein
b. rectus abdominis and diaphragm c. Capillary
c. external intercostals and diaphragm d. Bronchiole
d. internal intercostals and rectus
abdominus 49. As a general rule, arteries carry:
*Forced exhalations uses the internal intercostals a. Oxygenated blood *carry blood away from
the heart
6. Respiratory System b. Lymph fluid
c. Urine
41. The human nose contains ____ nasal cavities.
d. Deoxygenated blood
a. one
b. two
50. As a general rule, veins carry:
c. three
a. Oxygenated blood
d. four
*where air flows in and out. They are lined with b. Lymph fluid
mucous membranes c. Urine
d. Deoxygenated blood *blood towards your
42. The trachea divides into ____________. heart
a. bronchi
b. turbinates 51. The heart is made up of which type of muscle:
c. nasal passages a. Skeletal muscle
d. subtrachea b. Cardiac muscle
* left and right air tubes, which connect to the lungs c. Smooth muscle
d. Only God knows
43. The bronchi lead into the right and left ________. *it is responsible for the ability of the heart to pump
a. larynx blood
b. trachea 52. The left side of the heart is responsible for
c. lungs pumping:
d. glottis a. Oxygenated blood to the body
44. The right lung has___ lobes and the left lung have b. Oxygenated blood to the lungs
______. c. Deoxygenated blood to the body
a. three, two d. Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
b. two, one
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* The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich d. all of the above help bar entry by microbes
blood from your lungs and pumps it through your
arteries to the rest of your body. 9. The Digestive System

53. The chambers of the heart are known as: 61. Which of the following is NOT a function of the
a. Ventricles and areas digestive system?
b. Ventricles and cavities a. ingest food
c. Atria and ventricles b. transport nutrients to other organs
d. Atria and cavities c. absorb nutrient molecules
d. eliminate non-digestible wastes
54. The structures in the lungs where gas exchange * letter b is function of circulatory system
occurs are called:
a. Alveoli
b. Nephron 62. Digestion" of food refers to:
c. Neurons a. allowing small molecules to cross cell
d. Sacromere membranes and be absorbed by the tract
lining.
55. Where would you be most UNLIKELY to find a b. allowing the liver to produce bile for
pulse? digestion.
a. Chest c. allowing large molecules to cross cell
b. Small toe membranes and be absorbed by the tract
c. Wrist lining.
d. Neck d. allowing the pancreas to release digestive
8. The Lymphatic System and Immunity enzymes.

56. The lymphatic system consists of _______. 63. Which of the following sequences does NOT
a. all of the plasma component of the trace the path of food through the digestive tract in
bloodstream the correct order?
b. all fluids inside the body's cells a. mouth, esophagus, stomach
c. lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs b. esophagus, stomach, duodenum
d. all liquids in the body whether inside cells c. stomach, large intestine, small intestine
or in spaces between tissues d. ascending colon, transverse colon,
*consists of a network of lymph vessels intermingled descending colon
with blood vessels throughout the body. * Mouth.-Esophagus-Stomach-The small intestine-
Colon (large intestine)-Rectum.
57. Tissue fluid in the lymphatic system is called
________. 64. Which of the following organs will contain villi?
a. hemoplasma a. small intestine
b. plasma b. liver
c. Lymph * is a collection of the extra fluid c. esophagus
that drains from cells and tissues d. stomach
d. edema * increasing the surface area for food absorption and
adding digestive secretions.
58. Immunity is the ability of the body to defend
itself against ________. 65. Which of the following organs is NOT part of the
a. infectious agents including bacteria and large intestine?
viruses a. cecum
b. foreign cells b. duodenum *it is part of small intestine
c. cancer cells c. colon
d. all of the above b. duodenum
d. rectum
59. Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ:
a. kidney 10. The Endocrine System
b. tonsils
c. spleen 66. What happens if there is an underfunction of the
d. adenoids anterior pituitary gland?
60. Barriers to entry of microbes include __________. a. hydrocephalus
a. oil skin secretions and stomach acids b. giantism
b. normal harmless bacteria that prevent c. dwarfism
pathogens from taking up residence d. death
c. skin that lines the outer surface of the *promotes tissue growth by mobilizing energy from
body fat.
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 74. Which process is most affected by blood
67. What does Luteinizing Hormone do in men and pressure?
women? a. glomerular filtration
a. men – supports sperm production, women – b. tubular reabsorption
promotes egg development c. tubular secretion
b. men – promotes lutein production, women – d. loop of Henle diffusion
promotes lutein production
c. men – stimulates interstitial cells of testes to 75. Which of the following are not found in the
produce sex hormones, glomerular filtrate?
women – induces ovulation, promotes the a. glucose
ovarian secretion of estrogens and b. protein
progestins, prepares the body for pregnancy c. uric acid
d. men – promotes melanin production, women d. createnine
– promotes melanin production *Both urine and the glomerular filtrate lack proteins
because during the process of ultrafiltration in the
68. The Pituitary Gland is the size of a: glomerulus
a. olive
b. cantaloupe 12. The Nervous System
c. grape 76. Which of the following are the parts of neurons?
d. pea a. brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column
*It is a protrusion off the bottom of the b. cortex, medulla and sheath
hypothalamus at the base of the brain. c. dendrite, axon, and cell body
d. symphatetic and parasymphatetic
69. All of the following are general functions of the
Pituitary Gland EXCEPT: 77. The ________ contains centers for
a. Hair Growth thermoregulation, hunger, satiety, emotion and
b. Breast Milk Production attraction.
c. Growth a. Medulla oblongata
d. Thyroid Function b. Cerebrum
c. Hypothalamus
70. The two hormones produced by the cell bodies d. Cerebellum
of the secretory neurons for the posterior pituitary
gland are: 78. The human nervous system is capable of a wide
a. Oxytocin and Adrenaline range of functions. What is the basic unit of the
b. Adrenaline and Antidiphoretic hormone nervous system?
c. Adrenaline and Estrogen a. Glial cell
d. Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone b. Meninges
*Antidiuretic hormone like vasopressin c. Cerebrospinal fluid
11. The Urinary System d. Neuron
71. What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? 79. One of the most important functions of the
a. alveolus autonomic nervous system is the following:
b. nephron a. regulation of homeostasis
c. renal pyramid b. voluntary movements
d. renal pelvis c. coordination of movements
* is responsible for removing waste from the body. d. involuntary movements
*such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, and
72. The kidneys are located in the _____ space. digestion.
a. retroperitoneal * behind the abdomen
b. pelvic cavity 80. The neuron cell is made up of which of the
c. abdominal following parts?
d. peritoneal cavity a. Axon
c. Dendrite
73. The kidney secretes _____ for the purpose of b. Nucleus
stimulating bone marrow activity. d. All of the Above
a. rennin
b. aldosterone 81. Involuntary activities of the body such as
c. erythropoietin breathing and heart rate are controlled by
d. angiotensin a. Cerebellum
*produced when oxygen levels in the blood are low b. Medulla oblongata *responsible for the
control of involunatry function.

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 c. Cerebrum
d. Limbic
82. What are the main divisions of the nervous
system?
a. The peripheral nervous system and
central nervous system
b. The sympathetic and parasympathetic
systems
c. The sensory system and the motor
system
d. The brain and the spinal cord
*The central nervous system is made up of the brain
and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves
that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all
parts of the body.
83. A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital
complaining of double vision (diplopia), inability to
see close objects, and blurred vision in the right eye.
A vertebrobasilar angiogram revealed an aneurysm
of the superior cerebellar artery close to its origin
on the right side. The doctor attributed the
symptoms to the compression of an adjacent cranial
nerve by the aneurysm. The compressed nerve is
the:
a. Abducens (CN VI)
b. Oculomotor (CN III)
c. Optic (CN II)
d. Trochlear (CN IV)
*Given the patient's symptoms, it seems that some
nerve involving vision and the ability to control the
eye has been injured.It cranial nerves to control eye
movements and support sensory functioning.
84. Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she
wants to say but canʹt vocalize the words. The part
of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is
the:
a. Broca’s area
b. Gyrus area
c. Central sulcus
d. primary motor area
*located in the left hemisphere, is associated with
speech production and articulation.
a. parasympathetic nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. somatic nervous system
d. afferent nervous system
87. Which one of these effectors is NOT directly
controlled by the autonomic nervous system:
a. smooth muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. skeletal muscle
d. most glands
88. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:
a. decreased blood glucose, increased GI
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and
bloodpressure
b. increased blood glucose, increased GI
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and
blood pressure
c. decreased blood glucose, decreased GI
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and
blood pressure
d. increased blood glucose, decreased GI
peristalsis, and increased heart rate and
blood pressure
89. Which of the following effects is characteristic of
the parasympathetic nervous system:
a. decreases heart rate
b. stimulates sweat glands to produce
perspiration
c. increases metabolic rate
d. activity of the digestive system
90. The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are
housed in the:
a. diencephalon
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. brainstem *It consists of three structures:
the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
13. The Reproductive System

85. Which one of the following best describes the 91. All of the following body parts are part of the
waxy-appearing material called myelin: MALE reproductive system EXCEPT:
a. a mass of white lipid material that a. epididymis
surrounds the dendrites of a neuron b. ovary
b. a mass of white lipid material that c. testes
insulates the axon of a neuron d. penis
c. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell
membrane on the outside of axons 92. Throughout a woman's life, she will regularly
d. a mass of white lipid material that menstruate (have her menstrual cycle) once every:
surrounds the cell body of a neuron a. month
b. week
c. year
86. Preparing the body for the ʺfight-or-flightʺ d. day
response during threatening situations is the role of
the:
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93. Males get rid of their urine waste through a tube a. the reproductive organs of both sexes
called _____________________. are homologous
a. epididymis b. both systems experience latent
b. bulbourethral gland development
c. urethra c. both systems have gonads that produce
d. prostate gametes and sex hormones
d. both sexes have reproductive
94. Of the following male organs, which one is capabilities throughout adulthood
considered a primary sex organ? 99. The __________________ is a subcutaneous pad of
a. gonads (testes) adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubis.
b. Penis a. mons pubis
c. ejaculatory ducts b. vulva
d. seminal vesicles c. perineum
* responsible for testosterone and sperm production d. prepuce
95. Choose the correct order for the path of sperm
from the testes to outside the body. 100. The epididymis is a _____ and it functions to
a. ductus deferens - epididymis - _____.
ejaculatory duct - penis a. compartment inside a testis; secrete
b. epididymis - ductus deferens - testosterone and form sperm
ejaculatory duct – penis b. stage of spermatogenesis; form two sperm
c. ejaculatory duct - ductus deferens - cells and semen
epididymis – penis c. compartment that contains seminiferous
d. penis - ejaculatory duct - epididymis - tubules; ejaculate sperm and semen out of
ductus deferens the penis
d. tightly coiled tube on the outside of the
96. A fluid containing sperm testis; store immature sperm as they
a. Testosterone mature
b. Bladdder
c. Semen
d. Prostate

97. Sperm production in males begins at puberty

and continues until
a. 45 years old
b. puberty
c. throughout lifetime
d. older adulthood

98. The following statements are comparisons of

male and female reproduction; choose the statement
that is incorrect.

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