Chapter 1 (Student)

System Administration
MTN3033
By;
Dr. Abdullah H. Alamoodi
Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Chapter 1
Introduction to Linux
By;
Chapter 1; Intro to Linux
Objectives
• Operating Systems
• The Linux Operating System
• History of Linux
• Common Uses
• Chapter Quiz 1
By;
Objective 1
Operating Systems
By;
Main Components of Computer
Hardware; Consists of the physical components inside

a computer that are electrical in nature
Software; refers to the sets of instructions or programs
that allow the various hardware components to
manipulate data (or files).
By;
Objective 1 Dr. Abdullah H. Alamoodi
Operating Systems Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my

Hardware Examples;
• A processor (also known as the central processing unit or CPU), which computes information
• Physical memory (also known as random access memory or RAM), which stores information
needed by the processor
• Hard disk drives, which store most of the information that you use
• Removable flash media drives, which store information on flash memory devices
• CD/DVD drives, which can read and write to CD and DVD discs
• Sound cards, which provide sound to external speakers
• Video cards, which display results to the computer monitor
• Circuit boards (also known as mainboards or motherboards), which hold and provide electrical
connections between various hardware components
By;

Software Examples;
There are two types of software.
First type, applications, includes those programs designed for a specific
use and with which you commonly interact, such as word processors,
computer games, graphical manipulation programs, and computer system
utilities.
Second type, operating system (OS) software, consists of a series of
software components used to control the hardware of your computer.
By;

Relationships (Hardware, Application and OS, and User)
Without hardware components, you would not be able to use
operating system
Without an operating system, you would not be able to use your

application software
Without an application software, you would not be able to

perform word processing and other tasks
By;
Objective 1; Operating Systems Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my

(OS; Types of Interfaces)
By;
Objective 1; Operating Systems Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Objective 2
Linux OS
By;
Linux OS
(Definition and glance)
• Linux; is an OS used to run a variety of applications on a variety of

hardware.
• Linux OS loads into computer memory when you first power on your
computer and initializes.
• Linux can manage many tasks and users at the same time.
• Linux is referred to as a multiuser and multitasking operating system.
By;
Objective 2; Linux OS Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Linux OS
(Definition and glance)
By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Kernel)
• Linux kernel; is the core component of the Linux operating system.

• Linux kernel; is mostly written in C programming language.
• Linux kernel; is developed and updated continuously
• Linux kernel; shows the difference between different versions.
By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Versions)
Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components:

• Major number
• Minor number
• Revision number
By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Versions Components)
• Major number; indicates the major revision to the Linux kernel.

• Minor number; indicates the minor revision and stability of the Linux
kernel
• Revision number; indicates the most current changes to the version of
the particular kernel that is being released
By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Versions Components)
• Major number; • Revision number;
2. 5 .9
• Minor number;
By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Versions Components Kernels)
Two types of Kernels;

Developmental kernel; represented by an odd minor number
Production kernel; represented by an even minor number
2. 5 .9 3. 6 .9 By;
Linux OS
(Linux OS Licensing)
• Companies choose Linux as their OS because of it is freely developed

and continuously improved.
• Linux is referred to as Open Source Software (OSS).
By;
Linux OS
(Linux as Open Source Software )
• Software is developed very rapidly through widespread collaboration.

• Software bugs (errors) are noted and promptly fixed.
• Software features evolve very quickly based on users’ needs.
• The perceived value of the software increases because it is based on
usefulness and not on price
By;
Linux OS
(Types of Open Source Licenses )
• Linux adheres to the General Public License (GPL)
• GPL; stipulates that the source code of any software published under its
license must be freely available. If someone modifies that source code,
that person must also redistribute that source code freely, thereby
keeping the source code free forever.
• Another type of open source license is the artistic license, which ensures
that the source code of the program is freely available, yet allows the
original author of the source code some control over the changes made
to it. By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
• Meeting business needs
• Stability and security
• Flexibility for different hardware platforms
• Ease of customization
• Ease of obtaining support
By;
• Cost Dr. Abdullah H. Alamoodi
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Linux OS
(Linux Advantages)
• Risk reduction
By;
Objective 3
Linux History
By;
Linux OS
(Linux History)
• Linux is based on the UNIX operating system developed
by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie of AT&T Bell
Laboratories in 1969.
• It was developed through the efforts of many people as
a result of the hacker culture that formed in the 1980s.
• To understand how and why Linux emerged on the
operating system market, you must first understand
UNIX and the hacker culture.
By;
Objective 3; Linux History Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Linux OS
(Hacker culture )
• The term hacker refers to a person who attempts to expand his knowledge of computing through
experimentation.
• It should not be confused with the term cracker, which refers to someone who illegally uses computers
for personal benefit or to cause damage.
• Most hackers in the early days of UNIX came from engineering or scientific backgrounds because those
were the fields in which most UNIX development occurred.
• Fundamental to hacking was the idea of sharing knowledge.
• A famous hacker, Richard Stallman, promoted the free sharing of ideas that free sharing of all
knowledge in the computing industry would promote development. Stallman formed the Free Software
Foundation (FSF) to encourage free software development.
• This movement encouraged students and other hackers to make free software, most of which ran on
UNIX. As a result, the hacker culture was commonly associated with the UNIX operating system. By;
Objective 3; Linux History Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Objective 4
Linux Common Uses
By;
Objective 4
Main Common Uses
• Internet servers
• File and print servers
• Application servers
• Supercomputers
• Scientific workstations
• Office/personal workstations
By;
Objective 4; Linux Common Uses Alamoodi@fskik.upsi.edu.my
Thank You
Quiz Link will be given to you by
Dr Abdullah During class
By;

Chapter 1 (Student)

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System Administration

Main Components of Computer

Hardware; Consists of the physical components inside

Main Components of Computer

Main Components of Computer

Main Components of Computer

Without an operating system, you would not be able to use your

Without an application software, you would not be able to

Main Components of Computer

• Linux; is an OS used to run a variety of applications on a variety of

• Linux kernel; is the core component of the Linux operating system.

Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components:

• Major number; indicates the major revision to the Linux kernel.

Two types of Kernels;

• Companies choose Linux as their OS because of it is freely developed

• Software is developed very rapidly through widespread collaboration.

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