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تقرير الجسات مصنع غليون
تقرير الجسات مصنع غليون
Dr. Eng. Waseim Ragab Azzam ﻣﮭﻨﺪس اﺳﺘﺸﺎري دﻛﺘﻮر /وﺳﯿﻢ رﺟﺐ ﻋﺰام
Professor of Soil Mechanic and Foundation اﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﺴﻢ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات
Faculty of Engineering – Tanta University
ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﻨﻄﺎ
ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ھﻨﺪﺳﻲ :ﻟﺒﯿﺎن طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﺧﻮاﺻﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﯿﻮﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ اﻻﻣﻦ
ﻟﻤﺸﺮوع :اﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﻨﯿﺔ -ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﺴﻮداء ﺑﻐﻠﯿﻮن
ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻛﻔﺮ اﻟﺸﯿﺦ
ﻣﻮﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ :اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﻨﯿﺔ -ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﺴﻮداء
ﻣﮭﻨﺪس إﺳﺘﺸﺎري
دﻛﺘﻮر /وﺳﯿﻢ رﺟﺐ ﻋﺰام
أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت
ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﺟﻮدة ﻣﻌﻤﻞ اﺑﺤﺎث ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت
ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ – ﻗﺴﻢ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات -ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﻨﻄﺎ
اﺳﺗﺷﺎري اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ اﻟﺟﯾوﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ واﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت
٢٠١٩ ﯾوﻧﯾو
ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ
اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اوﻻ:
ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ :اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ و أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺴﺎت واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻌﯿﺔ
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ :ﺟﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ وطﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮭﺎ
راﺑﻌﺎ :اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ
ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ :اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت
ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ :ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯿﺎت ﺗﺮاﻋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ
ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات وﺟﺪاول ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت وﺧﻮاص اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ
أوﻻ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺗﻢ إﻋﺪاد ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ طﻠﺐ :اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﻨﯿﺔ -ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﺴﻮداء ﺑﻐﻠﯿﻮن
وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ دراﺳﺔ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه ﺑﻐﻠﯿﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻛﻔﺮ اﻟﺸﯿﺦ .ﺑﻐﺮض
إﻧﺸﺎء :ﻣﺼﻨﻊ )ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻮن ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ( ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎل وﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻨﻊ وادارﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻠﯿﺔ.
أھﺪاف اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ
ﯾﮭﺪف ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ إﻟﻰ إﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻋﺎم ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﺠﯿﻮﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ
إﺟﮭﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﻮع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت
اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻋﺎة إﺗﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ.
ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ:اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ و أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺴﺎت واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻌﯿﺔ:
اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺪد ٣٨ﺟﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ١٥ﻣﺘﺮ
ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺔ واﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎءات ﺑﺎﻟﻣوﻗﻊ .ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ Mechanical Rotary .طﺒﻘﺎ
ﻟﻼﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄءات اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت
اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري وﺗﺤﺖ اﺷﺮاف ﻣﮭﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﻘﺎول .ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ وﻣﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ
اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻜﻞ ١ﻣﺘﺮ وﺗﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت وﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ ﻹﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وإﻋﺪاد اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻔﻨﻰ.
وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ اﻣﺎﻛﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ) (١ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم .ﺗﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻻرض اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ھﻮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺠﺴﺎت .وﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاق اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ طﺒﻘﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ
اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وذﻟﻚ ،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ
ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وھﻲ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ.ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ رﺻﺪ
ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ واﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ان وﺟﺪت وﺗﻢ ﺗﺪوﯾﻨﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺎت وﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺎ.
ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ :ﺟﯾوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ وطﺑﯾﻌﺔ ﺗﻛوﯾﻧﮭﺎ :
ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي واﻟﯿﺪوي ﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻮاردة وﺟﺪ ان اھﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻧﺔ
ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اوﻻ اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻣﻦ رﻗﻢ ١اﻟﻲ ١٢ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮدم واﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ٠.٧٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ
ﺛﻢ ﺛﻢ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ﻣﻊ اﺛﺮ طﻤﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ٣,٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻤﯿﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي
ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ٥ﻣﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻠﻲ ذﻟﻚ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ اﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻊ اﺛﺮ طﻤﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ
Tel: 01272037757- 0403410331 3/73
e-mail: azzam_waseim@yahoo.com ﻣﻜﺘﺐ :طﻨﻄﺎ ﺷﺎرع ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺮ إﺳﻜﻨﺪرﯾﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ﺑﺮج اﻋﻤﺎر اﻟﺪﻟﺘﺎ
Engineering Consultant Office اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﺎرات اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﺔ وأﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ
Dr. Eng. Waseim Ragab Azzam ﻣﮭﻨﺪس اﺳﺘﺸﺎري دﻛﺘﻮر /وﺳﯿﻢ رﺟﺐ ﻋﺰام
Professor of Soil Mechanic and Foundation اﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﺴﻢ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات
Faculty of Engineering – Tanta University
ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﻨﻄﺎ
اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻋﻤﻖ ١٥ﻣﺘﺮ .ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻣﻦ رﻗﻢ ١٣اﻟﻲ ٣٨ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮدم ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ٣.٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ
ﺛﻢ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ﻣﻊ اﺛﺮ طﻤﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ٧,٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻤﯿﻲ اﻟﻠﯿﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي ﺗﻈﮭﺮ
ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ٨,٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻠﻲ ذﻟﻚ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ اﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻊ اﺛﺮ طﻤﻲ
اﻟﺠﺴﺎت ﻋﻤﻖ ١٥ﻣﺘﺮ وﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ.
راﺑﻌﺎ :اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﻣﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ.
ﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ظﺎھﺮﯾﺎ وإﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮي ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺟﺴﮫ .ھﺬا
وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ طﺒﻘﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﺎ
اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت )اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﺎم .(٢٠٠٢ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ:
ﺗوﺻﯾﺎت اﻟﺳور
.١ﺣﻔﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﻻ ﯾﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ٢.٠٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻻرض اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ وﻗﺖ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ
اﻟﺠﺴﺎت وﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻟﻘﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ وﺗﻄﮭﯿﺮ ﻗﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻠﯿﻨﺔ.
.٢ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ طﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻻﺣﻼل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﯿﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻟﻂ ) او اﻟﺴﻦ( اﻟﻤﺘﺪرج ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم
اﻟﺪﻣﻚ ٠,٥٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب وﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻗﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺮﺷﺢ .وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺒﻘﺘﯿﻦ
ﻛﻞ ٢٥ﺳﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻟﺪﻣﻚ اﻟﺠﯿﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ھﺮاس دﻛﺎك ،وإﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺪﻣﻚ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ
ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺪﻣﻚ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت اﻹﺣﻼل طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﻤﯿﻞ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ
ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻟﮭﺎ .وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ رﻓﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻹﺣﻼل ﻻﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ
١.٠٠ﻣﺘﺮ)ان اﻣﻜﻦ( ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ وﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت أو ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻗﺪﻣﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ
اﻟﻄﻮب أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﺗﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻹﺣﻼل وﺑﻨﻔﺲ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ.
.٣اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ اﻵﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ واﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﺣﻼل ﻻ ﯾﺘﻌﺪى ) (٠,٦٠ﻛﺠﻢ/ﺳﻢ٢
.٤اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮر طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻼﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ وھﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ وﻣﺮﺑﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﻮر ﺑﻤﯿﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺎءة او ﺷﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل
واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﻠﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻻ ﯾﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ٣٠ﺳﻢ .
.٥ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮر ﻛﻞ ١٢م او طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﺷﺮاف .
.٦ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺧﺘﻼف طﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎ ھﻮ وارد ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻔﺮ.
ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ :ﻋﻣوﻣﯾﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺗراﻋﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻟﺗزام ﺑﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت ﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﺷراف
.١ﯾﺗم ردم ﺣﻔر اﻟﺟﺳﺎت ﺑﺗرﺑﺔ رﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻧظﯾﻔﺔ او ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ دﻣﻛﻬﺎ ﺟﯾد ﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﺛل sand
columnﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺣدوث اي ﻣﺷﻛﻼت.
.٢ﻗﺑل اﻟﺑدء ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻟﺣﻔر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ ﯾﺟب اﻻﺧذ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣواﺿﻊ ﺧطوط واﻧﺎﺑﯾب
ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣراﻓق اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت واﻟﻛﻬرﺑﺎء وﻣواﺳﯾر اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻣﯾﺎﻩ واﻟﻣﺟﺎرى اﻟﻘرﯾﺑﺔ ﻣن
ﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﺣﻔر.
.٣اﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎم ﺑﺳﻧد ﺟواﻧب اﻟﺣﻔر واﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎءات اﻟﻣﺟﺎورة .
.٤ﯾﺟب اﻻﺧذ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎة اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ اﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺣﻔر وﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﺣدى طرق ﻧزح
اﻟﻣﯾﺎة اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾض ﻣﻧﺳوﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﯾﺗﺳﻧﻰ ﺻب اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﺗﺟﻧب أي ﻣﺷﻛﻼت.
.٥ﯾﺗم اﻟردم ﺣول اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣن ﻧﺎﺗﺞ اﻟﺣﻔر )ﻟﻠرﻣﺎل اﻟﺧﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻣن اي ﺷواﺋب وﺟﺑوب طﯾﻧﯾﺔ( ﺣﺗﻰ
اﻟوﺻول ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟدﻣك ﺟﯾدا طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻸﺻول اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت .
.٦ﯾﺗم ﻋزل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻘطﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ ﺗﺣت ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﯾدة طﺑﻘﺎ ﻻﺻول
اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ.
.٧ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻷﺳﻣﻧت اﻟﺑورﺗﻼﻧدى اﻟﻣﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠﻛﺑرﯾﺗﺎت ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﻋﻣﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ٣٠٠ﻛﺟم /م ٣ﻟﻠﻌﺎدﯾﺔ
وﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ٤٠٠ﻛﺟم /م ٣ﻟﻠﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ وﺳﻣك اﻟﻐطﺎء اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻘل ﻋن ٧ﺳم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌزل اﻟﻛﺎﻣل ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ
اﻟﻘطﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﯾدة ﻣﻊ ﻋزل رﻗﺎب اﻻﻋﻣدة اﻟﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ وذﻟك ﺑدﻫﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑوﺟﻬﯾن ﻣن
اﻟﺑﯾوﺗوﻣﯾن اﻟﺳﺎﺧن اﻟﻣؤﻛﺳد.
.٨ﯾﺟب اﺗﺑﺎع اﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻟﺧﻠط وﺻب ودﻣك اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ
.٩ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﯾﺎﻩ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻣﻧت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧﻠطﺔ اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﯾﺟب أﻻ ﺗزﯾد ﻋن ٠.٤٥وأﻻ ﯾﻘل ﺟﻬد اﻟﻛﺳر
ﻟﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎت اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﻋن ٢٥٠ﻛﺟم /ﺳم ٢ﺑﻌد ٢٨ﯾوم ﻣن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺻب .
Fig. 5
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 20
Fig. 30
Fig. 31
Fig. 32
Fig. 33
Fig. 34
Fig. 35
Fig. 36
Fig. 37
Fig. 38
Fig. 39
62
WATER CONTENET Wc%
56
50
44
38
32
26
20
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
BH No.:2
Sample depth: 4m
Number of blows N versus water content
70
WATER CONTENET Wc%
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
CH 22 32 54 29 4 1
CH 22 32 54 30 4 2
Plasticity Index PI
68
62
56
50
44
38
32
26
20
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
BH No.:8
Sample depth: 4m
Number of blows N versus water content
60
WATER CONTENET Wc%
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
CH 28 26 54 27 4 3
MI 20 30 50 28 4 8
Plasticity Index PI
60
WATER CONTENET Wc%
56
52
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
BH No.:12
Sample depth:1m
60
WATER CONTENET Wc%
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
10 100
NUMBER OF BLOWES
24 28 52 22 1 11
CH
CI 24 21 45 21 1 12
Plasticity Index PI
e-p curve
0.73
0.65
0.57
voids ratio e
0.49
0.41
0.33
0.25
0.1 1 10
2
Pressure kg/cm
e-p curve
1.3
1
voids ratio e
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.1 1 10
Pressure kg/cm2
Gravel sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.17
D60% 0.23
Gravel sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.15
D60% 0.20
Gravel sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.24
D60% 0.38
Gravel sand
Silt clay
Co Med Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.13
D60% 0.28
Gravel sand
silt clay
Co Med Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.20
D60% 0.24
Gravel Sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.21
D60% 0.40
Gravel Sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.20
D60% 0.33
Gravel Sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.20
D60% 0.40
Gravel sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.18
D60% 0.23
Gravel sand
silt Clay
Co. Med. Fine co Med Fine
100
90
80
Percentage of passing %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Diameter, mm
D30% 0.13
D60% 0.27
1.5
1.2
2
shear stress, kg/cm
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9
2
1.2
Normal stress kg/cm
1.5
1.2
2
shear stress, kg/cm
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2
2
Normal stress kg/cm
1.5
1.2
2
shear stress, kg/cm
0.9
0.6
0.3
0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
2
Normal stress kg/cm
A- Physical Properties:
B- Chemical Properties:
Table (1): Results of Chemical Analysis of Ground Water Sample for Borehole
No.(1).
35 - 50 20 - 35 10 - 20 5 – 10 %age by Weight
And Adjective Some Trace Description
9-Typical Elastic Moduli of soils based on soil type and consistency/ density, (from USACE,
Settlement Analysis).
Soil Es (tsf)
very soft clay 5 - 50
soft clay 50 - 200
medium clay 200 - 500
stiff clay, silty clay 500 - 1000
sandy clay 250 - 2000
clay shale 1000 - 2000
loose sand 100 - 250
dense sand 250 - 1000
dense sand and
gravel 1000 - 2000
silty sand 250 - 2000
10- Empirical values for , of granular soils based on the standard penetration number, (from
Bowels, Foundation Analysis).
SPT Penetration, N-
Value (blows/ foot) (degrees)
0 25 - 30
4 27 - 32
10 30 - 35
30 35 - 40
50 38 - 43
11-Relationship between, and standard penetration number for sands, (from Peck 1974,
Foundation Engineering Handbook).
SPT
Penetration, Density of
(degrees)
N-Value Sand
(blows/ foot)
<4 Very loose <29
4 - 10 Loose 29 - 30
10 - 30 Medium 30 - 36
30 - 50 Dense 36 - 41
>50 Very dense >41
12-Relationship between , and standard penetration number for sands, (from Meyerhof
1956, Foundation Engineering Handbook).
SPT
Penetration, Density of
(degrees)
N-Value Sand
(blows/ foot)
<4 Very loose <30
4 - 10 Loose 30 - 35
10 - 30 Medium 35 - 40
30 - 50 Dense 40 - 45
>50 Very dense >45