Thomas Herbst – Chapter One English Linguistics – A course book for students

of English • English is spoken all over the world • Ca. 1,5 billion people use
English as their lingua franca • English as native or secondary language à e.g.
educational, commercial or governmental context • English as a foreign
language à majority of all speakers (600-700 million) à world language •
English is spread over four countries (Europe, Australia, America, Africa) à
globalisation and internationalisation • Its role is based on external factors à
reflection of historic and economic developments • Language differs from
person to person; region to region à idiolect, dialect, variety • Regional
dialect: geographical distribution of certain linguistic forms • Social dialects or
socialects: determined by social group • Language is not consistent à people
tend to modify it talking to different people • Language contact with other
languages à many varieties • Standard English; but no official institution •
English also changes over time à different periods à pronunciation, spelling,
vocabs, grammar • Old English: ca. 600 – 1100, characterised by a
complexe system of inflexions, by a relatively homogeneous vocabulary of
predominantly German origin • Middle English: ca. 1100 – ca. 1500,
characterised by an increasing loss of inflexions and tremendous change in
vocabulary, with a large number of words of French origin coming into English
• Early Modern English: ca. 1500 – ca. 1700, a period in which English was
subjugated to the Great Vowel Shift and a standard language gradually
emerged • Modern English: ca. 1750 – today, sometimes, the term Late
Modern English is used for the period between 1750 and 1900 and the English
after 1900 is referred to as Present-Day-English • English is a Germanic
language • Today the English vocabulary is a mixture of Germanic and
Romance origin • English is mainly influenced by Latin, French, Scandinavian
languages and Greek • Latin: the Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxons, later:
Neoclassicism • Scandinavian languages: Danish ‘occupation’ à pronouns, verb
take • French: for 300 years French was the official language in courts
and government à ruling class was replaced • à 34 % words are of Germanic
origin and 54 % of Romance origin (à mixture makes it suitable as a world
language)

Review 1- (HKI) - HS - Lecture notes 3-7

REVIEW FOR THE FIRST TERM 14/12/2021

I. Multiple choice:
1. I think that selfish people only think of______________.
A. myself B. ourselves C. yourselves D. themselves
2. They have gone home __________ lunchtime.
A. in B. at C. for D. since
3. Modern life needs lots of electrical_________________
A. directories B. devices C. materials D. drills
4. Lucia's mother told him that the rice was in the____________
A. socket B. sink C. cupboard D. stove
5. Alexander Graham Bell_____________ first to Canada and then to the USA
in 1870s.
A. immigrated B. emigrated C. entered D. turned
6. The Youth Union was ________on March 26 th, 1931, by the beloved
President Ho Chi Minh.
A. found B. put C. founded D. searched
7.You can’t go to holiday by yourself! You aren’t____________ !
A. very old B. too old C. old enough D. enough old
8. Will she be annoyed that you forgot to phone?
A. displeased B. pleased C. please D. pleasure
9. They bought _______________ a new car.
A. theyself B. theyselves C. themselves D. themselfs
10. Mary________________ long hair since she was 12.
A. has B. have C. had D. has had
11. He tried to give up smoking but couldn’t break the_______ .
A. hobby B. habit C. pastime D. favor
12. Some people think that learning vocabulary _________ is the best way.
A. by mind B. in mind C. by heart D. with heart
13.He likes telling jokes. He has a good sense of _________
A. volunteer B. character C. member D. humor
14. Her mother _________this city two years ago.
A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. will leave
15. Alexander Graham Bell was born_________March 3, 1874.
A. in B. on C. at D. during
16.The children are old enough to look after _________
A. themselves B. ourselves C. herself D. himself
17._________is a story passed on in spoken form from one generation to the
next.
A. Novel B. Fiction C. Folktale D. poem
18. She asked her children ________
A. to stop playing B. stop to play C. stop playing D. stopping to play
19. His parents are always proud ................................ his report card.
A. about B. of C. on D. With
20. It is better for us ........................................ the important words in our
lessons.
A. underline B. to underline C. underlined D. Underlining
21. Vietnamese is our .....................................and our first language.
A. voice B. speech C. speaking D. mother tongue
22. Lan : “May I help you?” - Ba: “.......................................”
A. Yes, of course B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I may D. No, thanks
23. Hard work always brings ..................................
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. unsuccess
24. After dinner, mom..................the lamp and dad used to tell us stories.
A. light B. to light C. lighting D.lit
II. Word form:
1. At the exhibition, Bell presented his ____________ _______ to the public.
(invent)
2. Are you ______ _________in this activity? (interest)
3. It's very _______ _______to swim in this part of the river. (danger)
4. Phong is doing his homework ______ _________ (care)
5. Their first public ______ _____ were not very successful. (perform)
6. His parents are _______ ________ of his excellent report card. (pride)
7. His ___________ ___ of some words is not correct. (pronounce)
8. We are pleased with his clear ___________ __. (explain)
9. He is an _________________ student. (excellence)
10. You don’t have to _______________ the grammar rules to be able to do
these exercises. (memory)
11.Don’t leave the lights on. It wastes ___________________ (electric)
12. _________________, they came to school on time. (luck)
13. My neighborhood is .................... for good and cheap restaurants. (fame)
14. The Word Health ............................. is an international one. (organize)
15. "The lost shoe" is one of the .................................. stories. (tradition)
17. She actively ................................ in social work. (participation)
18. My parents enjoy the ........................... of the countryside. (peaceful)
19. Michael Faraday made a lot of .............................. in the field of electricity.
(invent)
20.His ............................... of some words is not correct. (pronounce)
21. You had better ....................... the grammar rules to be able to do these
exercises. (memory)
22. I can do all of these exercises .................... .(easy)
23. She prefers this chair to that one. It’s ........................... .( comfortable)
24. He is so stressful that he died of a ........................ heart. ( break)
25. My father ........................ gardening , but he doesn’t have time for it now.
( enjoyable)
III. TRASFORMATION
1. It’s unsafe to go out alone at night.
Going ___________________________________________
2. “Can you explain the answer to me again, Ba ?” Mai asked
Mai asked ______________________________________
3. It’s two years since we were close friends.
We have ______________________________________
4. The second 45- minute test is harder the first 45-minute test .
The first 45-minute test isn’t _________________________________
5. This is the first time he went abroad.
He hasn't ___________________________________
6. She said to me: "I can’t do it by myself."
She told me that ______________________________
7. Following your direction is difficult
It’s difficult ________________________________
8. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
Let’s ________________________________
9. We usually went swimming when we were young.
We used _______________________________
10. It last rained here over three weeks ago.
It hasn't ___________________________________
11. "Do your tests carefully, children”. The teacher asked
The teacher asked ______________________________
12. No one helped him do his homework.
He _______________________________
13. They are quick English learners.
They learn _______________________________
14. The doctor said to her, “You should stay in bed”.
The doctor said to her that __________________________
15. It is very interesting to travel around the world.
Traveling __ _____________________________________
16. When did they start living here?
How long _________________________________
17. My brother is too young to drive a car. (use “enough”)
My brother is not
___________________________________________________________
18. Hoa intends to write a letter to her friend.
Hoa is ______________________________________________________
19. They started learning English 3 years ago.
They have
__________________________________________________________
20. Putting a knife into an electrical socket is dangerous.
It is ________________________________________________________
21. She can’t travel abroad alone because she is still young. (use “enough”)
She is not
___________________________________________________________.
22. They once started these machines by hands.
They used
___________________________________________________________.
23. He began playing volleyball when he was 10 years old.
He has
______________________________________________________________.
24. “Give me your driving license, please”, said the policeman to the young
lady.
The policeman asked
___________________________________________________.
25. His fax wasn’t clear. I couldn’t read it.(use “enough”)
His fax
wasn’t___________________________________________________________
26. She last wrote to her uncle in August.
She
hasn’t___________________________________________________________
__
27. I had a cat once, but I don’t any more.
I
used_____________________________________________________________
______
28. “Try your best to improve your pronunciation in this semester, Tim” Miss
Jackson said.
Miss Jackson
asked________________________________________________________
29. Nga is very clever. She can do cross stitch.
Nga is ________________________________________________________.
30. It is unsafe to go out alone at night.
Going_____________________________________________________.
31. She said to her son : “ Don’t feed the dog too much.”
She asked___________________________________________________.
32. I often played volleyball every Sunday morning last year.
I used___________________________________________________.
IV. Rearranging:
1. enough / Jane / stay / to /alone / old / isn’t / at home/./
___________________________________________________
2. dangerous/ electrical / a / is / Putting / into / socket / knife / an /./
_______________________________________________________
3.happily in / are playing / The student / the school yard / .
________________________________________________________
4. A fairy / appeared and/her old clothes / magically changed / into new ones/ .
______________________________________________________________
5.I / know / you / hard / this semester / worked / really.
__________________________________________________________
6. go/ bed/ early/ Mom/ me/ advised/ to/ to
______________________________________________________________
7. Peter//looking at/stars/at night/on the sky/likes/ .
__________________________________________
8. February/ been / in / Phong/ has / since/ DaLat.
____________________________________________
V. Read the text and choose the best answer to fit each of the blank spaces
( 1.5ms):
1/
The Sao Truc is one of Vietnam’s most famous musical instruments. The sao
truc is made of bamboo
and played by blowing air into a hole. It traditionally has six small holes, which
you can put your fingers
on to change the sound. It is a very popular wind instrument and is played by
people from all over
Vietnam. Traditionally , it is played farmers when they take a break from
working in the field. They also
play it just before they go to bed at night. Many people know and enjoy this
musical instrument.
A. True or False statements:
1. Sao truc is the most popular musical instrument in Vietnam. ___________
2. You can put your fingers on string to change the sound . __________
3. Many farmers like playing sao truc. ____________
4. No one likes to play sao truc before bedtime. ____________
B. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
1. What does the word “it” in line 2 mean?
A. bamboo B. hole C. sao truc D. finger
2. The main idea of the passage is about:
A. Sao truc: A popular Vietnamese Instrument. C. Bamboo Instrument.
B. Sao truc: A popular Vietnamese Percussion . D. Farmers in Vietnam.
2/
Life was hard for American women (1)____ the 19th century . Women could not
choose what to wear.
They had to (2)____ long skirts , and they could not wear pants. When women
wanted to study , they
had to study at home . Most of them couldn’t go to college. They(3) ____ to stay
at home and do all the
housework. An (4)________ woman in the 19th century could not choose a
husband, and she had to (5)
____ working when she got married. _____ some women could go to work ,
they could not do many
jobs. Even If they had enough money, they also could not buy a house.
1. a. in b. on c. at d. with
2. a. wore b. wear c. to wear d. wearing
3. a. have b. has c. had d. had to
4. a. American b. Canadian c. German d. Greek
5. stopping b. stopped c. stops d. stop
6. a. What b. While c. Where d. When
3/
Nam is from the Mekong Delta in Vietnam and his daily routine is the
________(1)as many other
children who live in the country. His _________(2)begins very early.
He helps his parents do
________(3). Every morning he wakes up at 5:30 a.m . He helps his dad
______(4) the vegetables, and
then he has to feed the chickens on the farm. At 6:15 a.m, Nam has to walk to
school. In the afternoon,
Nam helps his mom _________(5) his brother. After dinner, Nam
has to wash the dishes and
_________(6)for bed. He has to do many activities every day like most children
in the Mekong Delta.
1/ A. same B. like C. as D. love
2. A. routine B. habit C. hobby D. work
3. A. chores B. homework C. household D. homeworks
4. A. to water B. water C. waters D. watering
5. A. look at B. take are C. look after D. cares
6. A. get bored B. get happy C. get angry D get ready