Section 1.

1 – Four Ways to Represent a Function

A relation is a set of ordered pairs.

A function is a relation in which, for each value of the first component of the ordered pairs,
there is exactly one value of the second component.

Two important concepts:

 Domain : the set of all values of x variables
 Range : the set of all values of y variables

Determine whether the relation is a function. Identify the domain and range.
1. {(-2, 1), (0, 1), (2, 1), (4, 1), (-3, 1)}

2. {(-7, 3), (-2, 1), (-2, 4), (0, 7)}

Vertical-Line Test

If it is possible for a vertical line to cross a graph more than once, then the graph is not a
function.

4 12

10
2

-2 4

-4
3. A graph of the function is shown. Find the indicated function values. f(1), f(2), f(0)
8

6 (1, 6 )

(0, 5 ) (2, 5)

(-1, 1) 2 (3, 2)

-2

Piecewise functions: a bunch of pieces of functions all scattered.

Example :

 x  3 if x  2

f ( x)  
2 if x  2
Symmetry (Reflection)

Order point (-3, -2)

Symmetric with respect to Symmetric with respect to Symmetric with respect to

the y-axis the x-axis the origin

Even and Odd Functions:

A graph is symmetric to the y-axis is an even function.
A graph is symmetric to the origin is an odd function.

A function f is an even function if f(-x) = f(x) for all x in the domain of f.

A function f is an odd function if f(-x) = -f(x) for all x in the domain of f.

Increasing and Decreasing Functions:

1) increasing: where the function is rising

2) decreasing: where the function is falling
3) constant: where the function is horizontal
4) maxima: the highest, non-infinite point on the function
5) minima: the lowest, non-infinite point on the function

Example 1: Find the intervals of increasing, decreasing and constant

Constant:
4

2
Increasing:

-5 5
Decreasing:
-2