WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

COMMUNICATION
Webster
-a process by which information
is exchanged between
individuals through a common
system of symbols, signs, or
behavior
 COMMUNICATION
-is an exchange of facts,
ideas, opinions or
emotions by two or more
persons (W.H. Newman
and C.F. Sumer Jr.,)
 COMMUNICATION
-is a process of sharing and
conveying messages or
information from one person
to another within and across
channels, contexts, media,
and cultures (McCornack,
2014)
 COMMUNICATION
-is the process by which information is transmitted
between individuals or organizations so that an
understanding response results (Peter Little)
Here, communication is seen as:
1. A Process
2. Information transmitted between individuals and
organizations,
3. Ensures an understanding response from the
receiver of the communication.
Thus: Communication is Transmission of information
+ Reception + understanding = Response.
 COMMUNICATION
-is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or
emotions by two or more people (Koontz and 0'
Donnell)
Communication is a two-way activity. There is
a communicator and the receiver of
communication. Exchange implies reception
and response from the receiver to ideas,
emotions and opinions of communicator.
Thus: Communication = Action + Reaction +
Interaction
 COMMUNICATION
-is the sum of all the things one
person does; when he wants to
create understanding in the
mind of another. It involves a
systematic and continuous
process of telling, listening and
understanding (Allen Louis)
 COMMUNICATION
-refers to a special kind of patterning: a
patterning which is expressed in symbolic form.”
For communication to take place between or
among people, two requirements must be met:
(1) a symbolic system must be shared by the
people involved (we need to speak the same
language or jargon or dialects) and
(2) the associations between the symbols and
their referents must be shared
(M. T. Myers and G.E. Myers)
 COMMUNICATION
There is a wide variety of contexts and situations
in which communication can be manifested; it
can be:
a face-to-face interaction,
a phone conversation,
a group discussion,
a meeting or interview,
a letter correspondence,
a class recitation,
and many others.
 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
➢It is a form of transmitting messages
using word symbols in representing ideas
and objects which comes in two forms –
oral and written.
➢ It includes a face to face interaction with
another person, speaking to someone on
the phone, participating in meetings,
delivering speeches in programs and
giving lectures or presentations in
conferences.
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACTORS THAT AFFECT VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
A.Tone of voice
B.Use of descriptive words
C.Emphasis on certain phrases
D.Volume of voice
2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

➢It is a form of communication

which refers to the sending of
messages to another person
using signs, gestures, facial
expressions and means
other than the spoken
and written language.
2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
TWO CATEGORIES OF NON-
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
A. Non-verbal messages
produced by the
body.
B. Non-verbal messages
produced by the
broad setting such
as time, space and
silence.
 FUNCTIONS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
A. It is used to repeat the verbal
message.
Example: Point in an object while
saying it.
B. It is often used to accent a verbal
message.
Example: verbal tone indicates the
actual meaning of the words.
C. It often complements the verbal message but
also may contradict.
Example: A nod reinforces a positive message
among Americans and Filipinos.

D. It regulates interactions
Example: Hand gestures may signal a person to
speak or not.

E. It may substitute for the verbal message,

especially if it if blocked by noise or interruption.
Example: Touch to mean comfort and
encouragement
A thumbs-up gesture indicating approval
Communication is a combination of the verbal and non -
verbal aspects. Proper blending of the two types of
communication makes the message clearer.
 THE ELEMENTS
AND PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. SENDER
➢A person, group, or
organization who initiates
communication.
➢S/he may be called
the source, encoder,
speaker or communicator.
2. MESSAGE
➢An element transmitted in
communication.
➢It may consist of the idea,
opinion, information,
feeling or attitude of the
sender.
3. CHANNEL
➢A pathway or medium
through which the message
travels to reach its
destination.
➢It may be oral, written, or
visual.
4. RECEIVER
➢A person who receives,
analyses, understands, and
interprets the message.
➢S/he can also be called
decoder, reader, or listener.
5. FEEDBACK
➢The receiver’s response that
provides information to the
sender.
➢The return process in which the
receiver provides both verbal and
non-verbal signals to show
whether the message is
understood or not.
6. BARRIERS
➢Barriers are forms of
distortion, or obstacle that
occurs in an oral
communication process.
KINDS OF BARRIERS
A. PHYSICAL BARRIERS
➢Physical barriers are
the physical things
that get in the way of
communication.
KINDS OF BARRIERS
B. PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
➢Physiological barriers are
related with the limitations
of the human body and the
human mind (memory,
attention, and perception).
KINDS OF BARRIERS
C. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
➢Psychological factors such as
misperception, filtering,
distrust, unhappy emotions,
and people's state of mind can
jeopardize the process of
communication.
KINDS OF BARRIERS
D. CULTURAL BARRIERS
➢Cultural difference leads to
difference in interest, knowledge,
value, and tradition. People of
different cultures will experience
these culture factors as a barrier
to communicate with each other.
KINDS OF BARRIERS
E. SEMANTIC BARRIERS
➢Semantic barrier occurs when the
speaker and listener have different
meaning systems. Language, jargon,
slang, etc., are some of the semantic
barriers.
➢High Tech Peers
➢Low Tech Peer
➢Lay Readers
KINDS OF BARRIERS
F. LINGUISTIC BARRIERS
➢The use of difficult or inappropriate
words in communication can
prevent the people from
understanding the message. The
same word may mean differently to
different individuals.
KINDS OF BARRIERS
G. MECHANICAL BARRIERS
➢Mechanical barriers are those
raised by the channels employed
for interpersonal, group or mass
communication. These include
cellphones, laptops and other
gadgets used in communication.
7. ADJUSTMENT
➢Done if the message
is distorted or is not
clearly understood by
the receiver.
8. CONTEXT
➢It is the situation from which the
communication is done. It
includes:
❖ settings or environment;
❖ social relations;
❖ scenes which include place,
time and occasion; and
❖ culture.
 If you can
communicate, you can
get by. But if you can
communicate skillfully,
you can work miracles.
-Jim Rohn
IMPORTANCE OF
HAVING GOOD
COMMUNICATIVE
SKILLS
 A. ACADEMICS
❖ Communication skills are tied to academic
success.
❖ Students who are good at writing and
speaking perform
better not only in the
English classroom but
also, in the content areas
and all other areas of learning.
B. PROFESSIONAL
❖Desired communication skills vary
from one career to another. Being
able to communicate leads
to a harmonious
relationship within
the organization.
C. PERSONAL
❖The skills to talk with fluency
and write with efficiency lead to
a person’s
achievement of
his aspirations.
D. CIVIC
❖One cannot live alone, so being able
to blend with the community is a
satisfying endeavor. This can only be
done when a person can communicate
his/her ideas with different people
coming from different
backgrounds in
the community.