Design C ommu ni cati o n 567

Figure 18.23 Door schedules spell out the specific details of every door and are keyed to the floor plan.

section is then needed to illustrate height, but no third dimension or true depth is visually indicated. For this infor-
mation, the designer creates a series of multiviews, called orthographic drawings (Figure 18.26), which depict
reality through a group of related views.

However, a single-view drawing can portray all three dimensions of form simultaneously and illustrate the relation-
ships of space, objects, and materials in a more realistic or photographic manner. The two major types of single-
view drawings are paraline drawings and perspective drawings. In paraline drawings, the parallel lines remain
parallel, but they converge to vanishing points in perspectives.

Paraline Drawings
Paraline drawings are categorized according to the axonometric and oblique methods of projection used to de-
velop them. Some designers commonly refer to paraline as axonometric drawings; however, axonometric drawings
include the isometric, diametric, and trimetric. Oblique drawings include the transoblique and the general oblique.
The two most common types of paraline drawings used in interiors and architecture are the isometric and the
oblique. Paralines are generally easier and faster to construct by hand-drawing than perspectives, which makes
paralines useful for quickly illustrating three-dimensional ideas, especially in the early stages of the design. How-
ever, most of these axonometric drawings can be quickly generated with various computer software.

ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS  Isometric drawings (derived from the Greek words meaning “equal measure”) are
based on 30º angles; their three principal axes of measurement are two ground-plan axes and a vertical axis for
height (Figure 18.27). These three axes collectively define the three edges of a basic isometric cube. Both ground-
plan axes tilt 30º above the horizontal plane line in an isometric drawing, and the height axis is a vertical line
measuring true height.