464 I nt e ri o r C o m p one nt s

Figure 15.1 The stairway in this interior shopping mall is constructed with glass and steel, emphasizing its sleek design in
harmony with the overall architectural structure.
Courtesy of Michiel Buijse

Codes specifically govern most proportions between risers and tread dimensions. At this writing, most commercial
stairs are limited to riser heights of 7 inches (177 mm) or less, and treads are to be 11 inches (279 mm) or more in
depth. Residential risers can usually be up to 8 inches (203 mm) high and treads a minimum of 9 inches (228 mm)
deep. The total rise and runs of a stair are governed by these riser heights and tread depth variables, depending
on the vertical distance between floor levels. Figure 15.3 shows the various parts and dimensions, as well as ele-
ments such as handrails and headroom clearance, required in most stair designs.

Wood is the predominant material for stairs in residences and small commercial buildings. Other materials for stairs
include steel and concrete. Depending on use and visual appearance, stairs can be left exposed or covered with
several nonslip coverings, such as carpet, vinyl, and rubber. In commercial installations, codes control the fire-
resistive properties of these finishes.

DOORS
Doorways allow visual and physical movement between spaces. Doorways control access and affect the traffic
patterns within the space. They provide security and help control noise levels both between spaces and from out-
side the building.

Doors are also selected for their visual compositions and character (Figure 15.4). Their type, size, and finish are
important parts of a building’s exterior and interior design elements. Doors give a sense of human scale to a build-
ing’s form and can be simple or elaborate, traditional or contemporary.

Door Types
Door types are classified by the action or operation of the door’s mechanism. These range from the simple swing
door to special doors that fold and then recess into a wall pocket (Figure 15.5). Doors can be automatic, activated
by sensors to detect people’s approach, or operated by hand. They can be connected to fire detection systems so
that they will close automatically to prevent the spread of flame and smoke.