iaWncnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa iaWncnunehcnwa .
evemuLehwSuh cnegiawlcSokulwdwb cnWK cnIdcaudIHwv WnWluawm :Ivcauyil ulcBwa
Ikwkwt unUnWq WviawgunIdcmWlcsia cnutogEheb
cSwCcawm egutwqIqwH IlUBua ivencnedevcsia
iaWncnunehcnwa .evekekwt unUnWq WviawfevWnib
.evekescnij ed utWfwt Ikwncnunehirif
iriaWlwb cSwtwog WviawfWvwdcawfua cscnijed
utWfwt cnegiLeawDnwk iawgudem egcnuhImiawbed
IliaWA cnumwk cnehea .eveTcauhwbea
iawgutWywH IAWmitcjia ,iaWycawgumuLuairid
IkwaWriaWd egutwkcawswm egcnuhImiawbed
.eveaenWvun caeawgumwk caenWdiawmcaea
cnutog clwkijoloywb iawgudemed egcscnijed
caetWfwt egutog Wviawfivev Wmurwf uDnwgiSwh
iawgudem egcnuhImiawbedea wmwnWviawgumwkiruh
ugwrwf csevcnutog egWriaWd egutwkcawswm
.evekemwk umizWl Ikwmuruh
cseviawgcaekwtcnId iawhiruh IvWmws
InwviawfWlwb udemiaWncnunehcnwa
csWhcaekwtea wyidevutEv .evencnurwzwnim
cseviawgcaerwhwf iawgukwt uKIrWt egurwhwa
.eveten caeawfidefua caekcawx udemiaWmwkea
,iaWSwmwk ctogcaea cnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa
cSwncnuhImiawbed cseviawgcaenWdiawm emcnok
caekwtutwBuruf wlwhwkcaea egumuruk ctwkcawswm
iawgEyinud cnuncsiv egumwk enEhej cnebil
egcnunehcnwa IrukumcaWA wmwtwruf emcnea
egutWkwrwH egumwkcnwvinim
Women’s Liberation Movement
.evencnutWrwf
ctWkwrwH egumwkcnwvinim egcnunehcnwa
.eveawgutWliv isErignia Inudefua wmwtwruf emcnea
.eveaivumcaWA iawgcPwrUy ctWkwrwHea uhwfcSwaea
cnegirutef ctWkwrwHea iawgWkiremea cSwywnwvcnit
cTcfWrckcnoTcsclov IrEm .eveawyid
caetof iawg1792 Mary Wollstonecraft
Ikwmwn egutofea .eveaivcaeruk uaiaWx
A Vindication of the rights of women
iawgIrit IkwaWBWluK egutofea .evea
.eveaInwvwncnwdim
inwviawfId udWxuria cnIdcmWlcsia cnutog Eheb
caeawb cSwd eruvcSwncnunehirif IkwncnuhImiawbea
udWxuria cnIdcmWlcsia .evenUncaeawgumwk
utWfwt iaWncnunehirif cnunehcnwa InwviawfId
eruvcSwkwywbcaea caelWH csevcaea Iaea .eveawgumwk
egumwk wred wtwvun egumwkcSwd ukwywb caenwa
ukwywb caenwa Wkwywbcaea .evenUn caeawkwhWv
.eveawkwhWv egumwk utWfwt
egcaehImilwb caerwTckoD cSwkwlWsim
eguDnwgiSwh Ikwlol egElwk“ .eveaivuLWdiv iawgutWg
iaWlol egElwk cSwaelwk .evekenwvwnugukuzWn cSwrwv
Wruk cawtcnwk udem iaWCcawfwyin egElwk EretEd
egElwk .eveaenEverukun caekwtcnwk caeSwkwtog
cSwDobWm InWvcnwruk cawtcnwk udemiaWlol
”.evencnegeviretWvurwf
IkwawnWm egutwhEswn im egrwTckoD
caemuvcaed cSwlol caeawjwrwduSwd eruvcSwCcawfwyin
iaWCcawfwyin Iaea ?eveaOtcaIk idwa .evenUn
.evemuvcaed cSokwmWh utWfwt egulol uriaWlwbWLwa
Not better, but different.
2004 Em - wmurwd
cnwswH cqUrWf QudcbwA :IrukWmwjurwt
cDwvcDea Wviawgumwk cTcsilwTcneairoa isErignia
itirIk (1801/1876) cnIl cmwyiliv
caekwtiawb ivcael iawvwvcaoh WnEa cnunWauruq
.eveaivcaeruk Wmwjurwt cSwhwb isErignia
Inuveruk cPWC wmwtwruf emcnea Wmwjurwtea
WnEa ukeaWaWmwjurwtea .eveawgcnwDcnwl iawg1843
cmijcrwtum .eveaev iawfWvcaunwmih csevcaeaWjWbId
utwyWdih egunIdcmWlcsia iawgWjWbId egWnEa
.eveaeviawfWvcauyil cnumwvcaedcSok cfwrWAwt
IkwaWtukun iruhcnulcaeg emcnea egunIdcmWlcsia’‘
”.evemuv iawfId caeawjwrwd uSwd cSwncnunehcnwa
The fatal point in Islam is the degradation
of woman.
Edward William Lane,
Selections from Kuran,
London 1982, p .XC (Introduction)
cnurwvwyid cnegevumcaWA wkwhWvea
urWrukwt wkwhWvea itencaemulihej csevcnemcnea
cnuhwf ivcaed cnWywbea WnEa .eveaiSef cnWruk
wnig eruvcSwrwhwa csWscnwf wkEtws InwvurWhim
WrukulUbwq wkwhWvea csevwmwn .eveawfev cswvud
.eveaedWn caelwdwb cSwkwmuruk ulUbwq egcnuhIm
ivcauruf umWqwm egcsiTcswjcfIC egWaiDcnia
WnEa uLUCwa urwdcnwC rwTcsim Wviawgumwk caeLufEb
caetwyirws wyidcnegev urUhcxwm cSwrwv ivcaeruk
egUnWbuhWx iaWdwmuHwa udwmcawHum Wviawgumwk
ivcauLeawDnwk iawg 1985 iawgutwyIrws
Wkwmutwg iawDwv ihejcswf csevwDuk cseviawgWyin
urWrukwt cnWywb ivencnedevcsia Inwv iawlun
ImcliA Wviawfiveruk ulUbwq .eveawfWvcawruk
wlwhwk Wvcawruk cnWywb wkwhWv egcaetwqIqwH
.eveawgcaeawfis
iawgunIdcmWlcsia udemWncnunehcnwa
(Degradation( caemuruk cSwdwjwrwd Ikwtog Eked
ctwqIqwH Ikwmuruk urIbuAwt iawgumwk
50
 ‘’The Shariat of the Muslims and the
Manusmurti of the Hindus- followed by
both the communities for centuries were
equally and socially reactionary.’’
egcnUdcnih iaWtwAIrwx egcnumilcsum’‘
wtcaws caekwtea cnuhImiawbedea IkwaIturumcsunwm
.evekeCcaEd WviawfcSokurWyiK eruscaurwhwa
uriaWlwb cnutogIAWmitcjia IkwCcaEdea csevwmwn
”.eveCcaEd WlcaumuTwk egulWyiK WdOb egurwvcaea
iawgcaeaWriaWd WLuf cSwrwv csevudwaim
wdwfea .evencnumeveked Inwd cawtwkwhWv egutwvWbim
iawgulwdwb egumuawa iLur udemiaWkwtwkwhWv
cawtwkwhWv wdwfea Ikwmwk ivcnWruk cnemuDnwguLwa
cSwtwqIqwH .evemuncsiv udemiaWbwbws Eveked
emcnea wmwh Itoa cSwkwbwbws egEa .evemwnWvwncnwd
egcnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa Iaea .evekemwk
idwa IkwaWycairwzwn egunWmwzim udemiaWtWfwt
ImcliA inwkeawmwh cSwnwtWhim idwa cSwnwtWhim
Irukif caeaidwa cnudOh ImcliAea .evemwk caemudOh
Wgnihcnwk iawgEyinudim .eveaevun cSwkwbWliqcnia
Wnwdurwh emcnwtik uriaWlwb cSwywdWa
egcaebWliqcnia Irukif csevcSwkwaWycairwzwn
IkwaWycairwzwnea ukwdnih iawhEvedun wjwrwd
.eveaevun caeSwkwCcaea EverukulUbwq cSokumcaWA
iawgukwtcnWmwz wyidevutEv
emcnok erukcnulwkEb Ibwn ivencnegiawDwv
IkwaWdIqwA egumwk wtcnwvuawkcaea csevcaelwkEbIbwn
cSwmwkutibWs uriaiaWlwb cnutog egukwtulIlwd
uruawd egukurix csevwmwn .eveaivedcaeh
cSwaWdIqwA egumwk wtcnwvuawkcaea csiawa cSwkwmumin
cnwkea .eveaevun caetog Ebiliruk cSokumcaWa
egunIdcmWlcsia Iawyid cnegevcSwkwtwqIqwH
cnIbWHwB egunWfegElwkea iaWa Wycaibwn
.evencnumutwgiawDwv evudet cnegiaWLufctwkcawswmea
egudIhuAwt cniaWAIrwz egudwdwm wscaWK egQctWm
Irukif cSwmwk ctogcaea iaWtwqIqwH egWdIqwA
.evencnumuvcaed iawvwdcaOh wjwrwd egcaebWliqcnia
udemiaWncnunehcnwa cniawdwfea wmwh
csevudemWaWycairwzwn Irukif WviawgunId IhWlia
caelwgcnib egukwt ikeh iaWkwtulIlwd
InwvcnunEb cnumwk cnehea .eveawfIdiawdOh
Irukif ImWvcqwa clwniawb cSwaWycairwzwnea
.evemunidiawdOh umWqwm egcaebWliqcnia
51
cnulwa Inunemih cnuvubWyimWkWn cnILum
egumuv urWycawt cnuhIm cnwruk uqIquHwt wlwscawmea
cnegiSef cnunwtiawhea .eveawgumwk caebwbws
cniLum iawgcaekwt uLokcnwk iawhiruh egEyinud
wlwscawmea cnulwa cSwkwtog ckifiTcniaws
cnutwkcawswmea .eveaifiawSwf cnEveruk WAilWYum
iaWnunehcnwa IvutibWs cnuhwf emcnea
utWfwt egumuvedcaefua Iruhiawgudem egcnunehirif
WriaWd ikea egutWywH cSwncnunehcnwa .evemwk
egumubilun caemWqwm caea iaWncnunehirif iawgukwt
egumuvedcaefua ivencnedim Ikwbwbws ulcBwa
cnId udem iaWncnunehcnwa .evemwk utWfwt
Idcaefua ukcawx udemWmwkwHcawB egutog Wncsiv
csevwmwn .evencnurwfwsOlif Wdwhugod
cnwkea cnulwa InwvcawtctwqIqwH egcscniaws
.eveawfId cSokutibWs
IkwlWvus Edefua urWhim
cnutogEheb iaWncnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa
cnwkctoguLwgnwr Ikwrwzwn egumuncsiv WviawgunId
uriaWviawfevutibWs cnutog ckifiTcniaws
wkwhWv WdOb wlwkcaea ukwywb cawtea csevudwaim
OtcnegevcaIk Inwdcneg cnumwruk urWrukwt
cnIdcmWlcsia csevudwaim .evelWvusim
egumwkWviawfId caeawjwrwduSwd cSwncnunehcnwa
OtcnegevcaIk InwdcnumevuLea iawgunIdea cmWzclia
.evelWvusim
InwviawgudwrwK egurWkurws iawgWyiDcnia
egWyiDcnia .eveawfiSef caemIkcs wBcaWK
)Freedom fighters( cnudihWjum egumwk cnwvinim
ivinwncnwa .evemIkcs egumuruk uDOker cawtuDwa eg
cawtulWyiK egcnudihWjumea cSwkwt ulcswn
cSokudcawr cnuDwa ulcBwa egcnuhImiawbea
cnuSwd egWlisclisim .eveawkwTcSwmunid
egIxOj .cmea .csea rwTcsim
.eveawfiveruk cDrOker Inwv csevcaemutwgIdcswb
.eveawguLufurwhwaed whiDcawa cnuLufurumua egWnEa
caeaWBWluK egumutwg Idcswb ivcaedWnEa
Idcswbea .eveawfcSokuAiaWx InwviawgukwtcsUn
ivekcaed IxOj rwTcsim iawgumutwg
IkwLuf wkwhWvcaea cniaeret egukwtuLufwkwhWv
eg1986 clIrcPEa 6 egWyiDcnia cfoa cscmiawT
.eveaInwvim iawgIrit cnutog WviawgudwdwA
2004 Em - wmurwd
“ Women should receive the same
treatment as men in education, work
opportunities, and politics and that
the same moral standards should be
applied to both sexes (X/733).”
,iaWkwtutwBuruf egWfIzwv ,iaWmIluAwt“
csevcSwncnunehcnwa iawgunWdiawm egutwsWyis
cawtutwBuruf Wveaiawfibil csevcSwncnunehirif
ulwmwA csevudemWncnuhImiawbed .eveaenEhej cnebil
”.evencnk
u Dwngwcnim IqWlK
u aw caea InEhej cnEverk
u
iawhiruh cnumwk urWb caelunuvel iawlufua uDwaim
.eveaiSef cnEvia uDwa egumugug egEa csevcnukwtWrwf
cSwkwrwvcaea iawgumwkea cnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa
?eveaOtcaIk idwa .eveaiv ireviawb
wkwhWv egutWfwt egcnunehirif iaWncnunehcnwa
urodcnwt iaWmwkiruh iawvwyikun Ikwmukcaed
cnEveleb iawgumwk caetWmWlwa egumwk wncnwdun
im iriaunuSef cSwawtcaws wnwvihiv .eveaiSef
.eveawfevumcaWA irutef cSwaeyinud iLum Inwvurukif
cawtunUnWq cSwtogcaea iaWaea InwvurWhim
iawhiruh egutWywh cSwtog ELug iaWaea .eveawfideh
cSwtogcaea Wkwncnunehirif csevcaekwt cnWdiawm
.eveawfivel iawvuLuh csevcSwncnunehcnwa
uriaWlwb cnutog IlwmwA csevwmwn
ubWyimWkWn cnegiLeawDnwk InwvWbircjwtim
wrub egurwhwa wtcawsiaud .eveawfev
csevidwa cSwkwncnunehcnwa csevcnutwkcawswm
.eveaevedWn cSwkwywmwhcaea Wkwncnunehirif
cseviawgcaekwt cnWdiawm iawhiruh egutWywH
egcnunehcnwa Ibit csevudwaim cnunehcnwa
csevcniruk egumuSef ctWkwrwH egumwkcnwvinim
.eveawgutwhwf eruvcSwncnunehirif .eveSwtog ibit
IkwaWjItwn cseviawhctukin cnutWkwrwHea
iawhiruh .evemuveren cSwrEb cniaeg cnunehcnwa
ukea iaWncnunehirif cnunehcnwa cseviawgcaeaWmid
.eveaedwbea cnumwncnef cnwtELua evWgnib Wgnih
cnwk wtcnwv cnehcnwa egcnuhImiawbea cnunehcnwa
cnutog egcaegwa egEa csevwmwn .eveaifiawliawgwn
egcnuhImiawbea iawkwTcSwmudOh caemwkea cnuhImiawbea
caemwk iliawgwn cnwkwtcnwv cnehcnwa
Ikwmwkea ,edWa .evenubilun caeSwkwncnuhImiawbea
Wncnunehirif iawgcaekwt WriaWd Whiruh egutWywH
.evemWqwm wmwhcaea
ctWkwrwH egumwk cnwvinim egcnunehcnwa