National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Department of Mathematics
Int. M.Sc. Mid-Semester (Autumn) Examination, 2021-22

Subject: Introduction to Real Analysis and Metric spaces Full Marks: 30

Subject Code: MA3103 Duration: 2 hours
—————————————————————————————————————————
Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Symbols have their usual meaning.
1. Prove the following statements or give counter example(s) [2 × 5]

(a) The function d(x, y) = |x2 − y2 | is a metric on R.

(b) Let l be a lower bound of a nonempty subset S of R such that l + m is not an lower bound
of S for every m > 0, then inf{S} = l.
(c) The set {(x, y) ∈ R2 : 0 < x2 + y2 < 1} is open in (R2 , d2 ).
(d) A set E be a closed subset of a metric space. Then every convergent sequence in E converges
to some element of E.
(e) Let {xn } be a sequence in a Normed linear space (X, || ||). Then xn → x if and only if
||xn || → ||x||.

2. (a) Give an ε − δ definition for the statement: “A function f is not continuous at x = c”.
(b) Determine the points at which the function f : (0, 1) ∪ N :→ R defined by

0 if x is irrational,
f (x) =
1/n if x = m , and gcd(m, n) = 1
n
is continuous. [1+3]

3. Prove that a subset of a metric space is open if and only if it is a union of open balls. Is every
closed subset of a metric space is a union of closed balls? Justify! [3+1]

4. Let B[0, 1] be the set of all real valued bounded functions over [0, 1]. Show that (B[0, 1], d∞ ) is a
metric space, where
d∞ ( f , g) = sup {| f (t) − g(t)|} ∀ f , g ∈ B[0, 1].
t∈[0,1]

Check whether C[0, 1] is a closed subset of B[0, 1]. [2.5+1.5]

1
5. Prove that the function ||(x, y)|| = (4x2 + 9y2 ) 2 is a norm on R2 . Describe and draw the closed
unit ball. [2.5+1.5]

6. (a) Prove that every convergent sequence in a metric space is Cauchy.

(b) Show that (C[0, 1], d1 ) is not complete. [1.5+2.5]
[END]