National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Department of Mathematics
Mid Semester Examination, Autumn, 2019-20
Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics and Physics) 5th semester
Course: MA 3103 Course name: Introduction to Real Analysis and Metric Spaces Time: 2 hours
Full marks: 30
Instructions: Answer any 5. All parts of a question should be answered at one place. Using more number
of sheets will not fetch you more marks. Be as precise as possible.

1. Construct a bijective map between (0, 1) and [0, 1]. (6 marks)

2. (a) Show that a Cauchy sequence is convergent if and only if it has a convergent subsequence. (2
marks)
f (x)
(b) Show that a non negative, continuous function f satisfying limx→∞ x = 0 is uniformly contin-
uous function. (2 marks)
(c) Define uniform continuity. Show that f (x) = |x|, x ∈ R is uniformly continuous. (2 marks)

3. Give examples to the following (each carries 1 marks)

(a) A continuous function which does not map a Cauchy sequence to a Cauchy sequence.
(b) A continuous function which is not uniformly continuous but still it maps a Cauchy sequence to
a Cauchy sequence.
(c) A metric under which R is disconnected.
(d) A metric under which R is closed and bounded.
(e) A function f such that f 0 (x) = 0 ∀x ∈ D, but f is not a constant function. Here D ⊂ R.
(f) Composition of a continuous and a uniformly continuous function which doesnot give a uniformly
continous function.

4. Negate the following (you are free to use any characterization/definition). (Each carries 1 mark)

(a) Completeness of a metric space.

(b) (an ) is a Cauchy sequence.
(c) Limit point of a set.
(d) Compact set of a metric space.
(e) Continous function
(f) Interior point of a set.

5. (a) Show that f (x) = x3 is not uniformly continuous over R. (2 marks)

(b) Define (a), limx→a f (x) = b (b) limx→a f (x) = ∞, (c) limx→∞ f (x) = b, (d) limx→∞ f (x) = ∞.
(4 marks)

6. (a) Show that R2 cannot be expressed as a countable union of straight lines passing through the
origin. (1 marks)
(b) what are the limit points of the set (−1, 1) \ {0}?. Define boundary point of a set. Prove or
disprove that 0 is a boundary point. (2 marks)
(c) Show that n1 is a Cauchy sequence in (0, 1). Is this convergent to any number in (0, 1)?. Give

reason. (3 marks)
7. (a) Show that
  
1
sin , if x 6= 0

f (x) = x

0 , if x = 0
is discontinuous at x = 0 using the sequential characterization of a continuous function at a point.
(2 marks)
(b) Show that if f : I → R is continuous and f (a) > 0 for some a ∈ I, then there exists δ > 0 such
that f (x) > 0 for all x ∈ (a − δ, a + δ). (Hint: Use  = 1 to produce a δ such that the claim
holds)(2 marks)
(c) Show for any continuous function f : [a, b] → [a, b], there exists at least one c ∈ [a, b] such that
f (c) = c. (Hint: Use the function g(x) = f (x) − x.)(2 marks)