㻌 䂪䃠䃔䃘䃢䃛䃐ͬEreisma 


ǹțĮįȘȝĮȧțȩ ȆİȡȚȠįȚțȩ IJȠȣ ǼȡȖĮıIJȘȡȓȠȣ ȃİȩIJİȡȘȢ țĮȚ ȈȪȖȤȡȠȞȘȢ ǿıIJȠȡȓĮȢ
IJȠȣ ȉȝȒȝĮIJȠȢ ǿıIJȠȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ ǼșȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ


Academic Journal of the Laboratory of Modern and Contemporary History,
Department of History and Ethnology






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 ǹȞ țȐʌȠȚȠȢ ıȣȝʌȜȘȡȫıİȚ IJȘȞ ȑȞȞȠȚĮ ©ȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢª SRSXOLVP ıİ ȝȚĮ ȝȘȤĮȞȒ ĮȞĮȗȒIJȘıȘȢ ıIJȠ įȚĮįȓțIJȣȠ șĮ
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ȑȤİȚ ĮıțȘșİȓ ıțȜȘȡȒ țȡȚIJȚțȒ ıIJȘȞ ȐʌȠȥȘ ʌİȡȓ ĮȞIJȚįȘȝȠțȡĮIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢ IJȠȣ ȜĮȧțȚıȝȠȪ Įʌȩ



0XGGHțĮȚ.DOWZDVVHUȩ.ʌ.ȉȐțȘȢȆĮʌʌȐȢȁĮȧțȚıȝȩȢ țĮȚ țȡȓıȘ ıIJȘȞ ǼȜȜȐįĮǴțĮȡȠȢǹșȒȞĮ-DQ:HUQHU
0OOHUWhat Is Populism?8QLYHUVLW\RI3HQQV\OYDQLD3UHVV3KLODGHOSKLD0RIILWWȩ.ʌ.ȈIJĮȣȡĮțȐțȘȢȩ.ʌ.

ȈȤİIJȚțȐȝİIJĮʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣȞĮȓȞİıȘȢțĮȚIJȘȢȝİȓȦıȘȢIJȠȣʌȠȜȚIJȚțȠȪĮȞIJĮȖȦȞȚıȝȠȪȕȜ&KDQWDO0RXIIHȉȠ
įȘȝȠțȡĮIJȚțȩ ʌĮȡȐįȠȟȠ,ȆȩȜȚȢǹșȒȞĮ

0OOHUȩ.ʌ.

ǵ.ʌ.



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ȝİIJȐIJȘȞȣʌȠȖȡĮijȒİȞȩȢȞȑȠȣȂȞȘȝȠȞȓȠȣȠİȜȜȘȞȚțȩȢȜĮȩȢIJȠȣȑįȦıİȝȚĮįİȪIJİȡȘİȣțĮȚȡȓĮȞĮ
țȣȕİȡȞȒıİȚȂİIJȐIJȘȞȓțȘIJȠȣıIJȚȢįİȪIJİȡİȢİțȜȠȖȑȢıIJȩȤȠȢIJȘȢțȣȕȑȡȞȘıȘȢȒIJĮȞȘĮȞIJȚȝİIJȫ
ʌȚıȘIJȘȢįȚĮijșȠȡȐȢțĮȚIJȘȢijȠȡȠįȚĮijȣȖȒȢțĮșȫȢțĮȚȘʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮIJȦȞȝİȚȠȞȠIJȒIJȦȞǵȝȦȢ
İȓȤİİʌȓıȘȢIJȘȞȣʌȠȤȡȑȦıȘȞĮİijĮȡȝȩıİȚʌȠȜȚIJȚțȑȢȜȚIJȩIJȘIJĮȢʌȤĮȣȟȒıİȚȢıIJȠȣȢijȩȡȠȣȢIJȦȞ
İʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİȦȞȝİȚȫıİȚȢıİıȣȞIJȐȟİȚȢȚįȚȦIJȚțȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢțȜʌȠȚȠʌȠȓİȢİʌȘȡȑĮıĮȞĮȡȞȘIJȚțȐIJȘ
ȗȦȒİȞȩȢȝİȖȐȜȠȣȝȑȡȠȣȢIJȘȢțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢțĮȚțȣȡȓȦȢIJȘȢȝİıĮȓĮȢIJȐȟȘȢǵıȠʌȜȘıȓĮȗİıIJȠIJȑȜȠȢ
IJȦȞȝȞȘȝȠȞȚĮțȫȞIJȘȢȣʌȠȤȡİȫıİȦȞȘȤȫȡĮȠȈȊȇǿǽǹİʌȚțİȞIJȡȫșȘțİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠıIJȘȞİʌȑ
țIJĮıȘIJȠȣțȡȐIJȠȣȢʌȡȩȞȠȚĮȢıIJȚȢțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȑȢıIJȘȞįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ
țĮȚıIJȘȞĮȪȟȘıȘIJȠȣȕĮıȚțȠȪȝȚıșȠȪǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȝİȡȚțȑȢĮʌȩıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȑȢĮʌȠijȐıİȚȢIJȠȣȈȊȇǿǽǹ
ʌȠȣ ıȣȗȘIJȒșȘțĮȞ ʌȠȜȪ ȒIJĮȞ IJȠ ıȪȝijȦȞȠ ıȣȝȕȓȦıȘȢ Ș ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘ IJȘȢ IJĮȣIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ ijȪȜȠȣ Ș
ĮʌȠįȠȤȒIJȘȢȣȚȠșİıȓĮȢĮʌȩȠȝȩijȣȜĮȗİȣȖȐȡȚĮȠȞȩȝȠȢȖȚĮIJȚȢIJȘȜİȠʌIJȚțȑȢȐįİȚİȢțĮȚȘıȣȝijȦȞȓĮ
IJȦȞȆȡİıʌȫȞȉȘȞțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒĮIJȗȑȞIJĮʌȠȣİijȐȡȝȠıİȠȈȊȇǿǽǹİʌȚȤİȓȡȘıİȞĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚ
ȦȢȝȚĮʌȡȠıʌȐșİȚĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢIJȦȞİȣȐȜȦIJȦȞțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȫȞȠȝȐįȦȞĮʌȩIJȚȢįȣȞȐȝİȚȢIJȠȣİȖȤȫȡȚȠȣ
țĮȚİȣȡȦʌĮȧțȠȪțĮIJİıIJȘȝȑȞȠȣİȞIJȐııȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȝȑıĮıIJĮʌȜĮȓıȚĮIJȘȢȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȒȢIJȠȣİʌȚIJȑȜİ
ıȘȢȈȣȞİʌȫȢʌĮȡĮIJȘȡȠȪȝİȩIJȚʌĮȡȩȜȠʌȠȣȠȈȊȇǿǽǹĮʌȫȜİıİIJȠȞȡȚȗȠıʌĮıIJȚıȝȩIJȠȣțĮȚĮ
ʌȠįȑȤIJȘțİİʌȓıȘȝĮIJȠȣȢ©țĮȞȩȞİȢªIJȠȣıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢıȣȞȑȤȚıİȞĮȣʌȠıIJȘȡȓȗİȚȩIJȚȘțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒ
IJȠȣĮIJȗȑȞIJĮȣʌȒȡȟİIJȠĮȞȐȤȦȝĮıIJȘȞİʌȑȜĮıȘIJȠȣȞİȠijȚȜİȜİȣșİȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚȦȢİțIJȠȪIJȠȣȩIJȚ
ȒIJĮȞIJȠȝȩȞȠțȩȝȝĮʌȠȣİȞįȚĮijİȡȩIJĮȞʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȐȖȚĮIJĮıȣȝijȑȡȠȞIJĮIJȠȣȜĮȠȪ
ȅȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢIJȠȣȈȊȇǿǽǹȕȠȒșȘıİIJȠȣȢʌȠȜȓIJİȢȞĮțĮIJĮȞȠȒıȠȣȞȕĮșȪIJİȡĮIJȘȞʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩ
ȠȚțȠȞȠȝȚțȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȘȢțȡȚıȚĮțȒȢʌİȡȚȩįȠȣıİȝȚĮʌİȡȓȠįȠȩʌȠȣIJĮʌĮȡĮįȠıȚĮțȐțȩȝȝĮIJĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪıĮȞȝȚĮIJİȤȞȠțȡĮIJȚțȒȖȜȫııĮ ȝİįȣıȞȩȘIJȠȣȢȩȡȠȣȢʌȠȣ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȠȪıİıȪȖȤȣıȘ
ıIJȠȣȢʌȠȜȓIJİȢǼʌȓıȘȢĮʌȠțȐȜȣȥİIJȚȢįȣıȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓİȢIJȠȣıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚIJȘȞİțIJİIJĮȝȑȞȘįȚĮij
șȠȡȐıİʌȠȜȜȠȪȢIJȠȝİȓȢțȚȞȘIJȠʌȠȓȘıİȝİȡȓįİȢIJȠȣʌȜȘșȣıȝȠȪȑįȦıİijȦȞȒıİʌİȡȚșȦȡȚȠʌȠȚȘ
ȝȑȞĮțȠȝȝȐIJȚĮIJȘȢțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢțĮȚʌĮȡİȓȤİȝȚĮıȣȖțȡȠȣıȚĮțȒįȚȐıIJĮıȘıIJȘȞʌȠȜȚIJȚțȒįȓȞȠȞIJĮȢ


.DWVRXULGHVȩ.ʌ.

ȆİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮȖȚĮIJȠȞȈȊȇǿǽǹıIJȘȞİȟȠȣıȓĮȕȜ.DWVDPEHNLVȩ.ʌ.



 ǿȅȊȃǿȅȈ


İȡİșȓıȝĮIJĮıIJȠȣȢʌȠȜȓIJİȢȖȚĮIJȘıȣȝȝİIJȠȤȒIJȠȣȢıIJȚȢʌȠȜȚIJȚțȑȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢȍıIJȩıȠȠȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢ
IJȠȣȈȊȇǿǽǹįȣıȤȑȡĮȚȞİIJȘıȣȞĮȓȞİıȘıİȠȡȚıȝȑȞĮȗȘIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣȒIJĮȞĮȞĮȖțĮȓĮʌȤȂĮțİįȠ
ȞȚțȩȗȒIJȘȝĮįİȞʌȡȠȤȫȡȘıİıİȡȚȗȚțȑȢĮȜȜĮȖȑȢıIJȠʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩıȪıIJȘȝĮțȐIJȚʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞİȚȩIJȚ
ʌĮȡȑȝİȚȞĮȞIJĮȤȡȩȞȚĮʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮİȞȫİijȐȡȝȠıİțĮȚıțȜȘȡȑȢʌȠȜȚIJȚțȑȢȜȚIJȩIJȘIJĮȢțȐIJȦijȣıȚțȐ
ĮʌȩIJȚȢʌȚȑıİȚȢIJȦȞ©șİıȝȫȞªȩIJĮȞıIJȠʌȡȩıijĮIJȠʌĮȡİȜșȩȞʌȡȩIJİȚȞİĮʌȜȑȢțĮȚijȚȜȠȜĮȧțȑȢȜȪ
ıİȚȢȖȚĮIJȠȗȒIJȘȝĮȉȑȜȠȢȘĮʌȩijĮıȘIJȠȣȞĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıİȚIJĮ©ȂȞȘȝȠȞȚĮțȐªȝȠȞȠʌȐIJȚĮĮțȩȝĮ
țȚĮȞįİȞIJȠȒșİȜİijĮȓȞİIJĮȚȩIJȚĮʌȠįȣȞȐȝȦıİIJȠȞʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩȤȫȡȠIJȘȢĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȢȠȠʌȠȓȠȢĮįȣȞĮIJİȓ
ıȒȝİȡĮȞĮįȚĮȝȠȡijȫıİȚȝȚĮİȣȡİȓĮıȣȝȝĮȤȓĮ


ȈȣȝʌİȡȐıȝĮIJĮ

ȂȑıĮĮʌȩIJȘȞİȞȞȠȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘIJȠȣȜĮȧțȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȒıĮȝİĮȡȤȚțȐșȑȜĮȝİȞĮȣʌȠȖȡĮȝ
ȝȓıȠȣȝİIJĮʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣİȞȑȤİȚȠ©İțIJȦȞʌȡȠIJȑȡȦȞªțĮșȠȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞʌȠȣ
ijȑȡİȚȠȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢıIJȘȝİȜȑIJȘIJȠȣijĮȚȞȠȝȑȞȠȣDzʌİȚIJĮʌȡȠIJİȓȞĮȝİIJȘȞİijĮȡȝȠȖȒIJȠȣȜĮțȜĮȠȣȚ
țȠȪșİȦȡȘIJȚțȠȪȠʌȜȠıIJĮıȓȠȣıIJȘȞĮȞȐȜȣıȘIJȠȣʌȠȜȚIJȚțȠȪȜȩȖȠȣțĮșȫȢțĮȚIJȚȢıȪȖȤȡȠȞİȢʌȡȠ
ıİȖȖȓıİȚȢIJȠȣȅıIJȚȖțȓțĮȚIJȠȣȂȩijȚIJǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȜĮțȜĮȠȣȚțȒȢșİȦȡȓĮȢʌȠȣĮʌȠijİȪȖİȚIJĮʌȡȠ
ȕȜȒȝĮIJĮIJȦȞĮȞIJȚȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȫȞʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȦȞıȣȞİʌȚțȠȣȡȠȪȝİȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȩʌȠȜȚIJȚıȝȚțȒ
țĮȚIJȘȞİʌȚIJİȜİıIJȚțȒʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘIJȠȣȅıIJȚȖțȓțĮȚIJȠȣȂȩijȚIJĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮİȓȞĮȚıİșȑıȘȞĮȕȠȘșȒ
ıİȚȠȣıȚĮıIJȚțȐIJȠȞİȡİȣȞȘIJȒıIJȘȞĮȞȐȜȣıȘİȞȩȢʌȠȜȚIJȚțȠȪȜȩȖȠȣȤȦȡȓȢȞĮʌĮȖȚįİȪİIJĮȚıİıIJİ
ȡİȩIJȣʌĮțĮȚȝȪșȠȣȢ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıĮȝİıİȝȚĮıȪȞIJȠȝȘȚıIJȠȡȚțȒĮȞĮįȡȠȝȒIJȠȣȜĮȧțȚıȝȠȪȝİıIJȩȤȠ
ȞĮIJȠȞȓıȠȣȝİIJĮįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐʌȠȣȑȜĮȕİȠȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢıIJȠʌȑȡĮıȝĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞǾ
įȚĮįȡȠȝȒIJȠȣȜĮȧțȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȞȚıIJȠȡȓĮĮʌȠįİȚțȞȪİȚȩIJȚȠȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣȞįİșİȓȝİțȐșİ
ʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩțȩȝȝĮȡȘIJȠȡȚțȒȚįİȠȜȠȖȓĮțĮȚȠȚțȠȞȠȝȚțȩȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȤȦȡȓȢȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚĮȞĮȖțĮıIJȚțȐ
ʌĮȡȩȝȠȚĮ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐ ıİ ȩȜİȢ IJȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌIJȫıİȚȢ ʌȤ ĮȣIJĮȡȤȚıȝȩ įȘȝĮȖȦȖȓĮ ʌȡȠȠįİȣIJȚțȩ
IJȘIJĮțȜʌ
ȉȑȜȠȢȝİȜİIJȒıĮȝİIJȠȞʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩȜȩȖȠIJȠȣȈȊȇǿǽǹıIJȘȞĮȞIJȚʌȠȜȓIJİȣıȘțĮȚıIJȘȞİȟȠȣıȓĮ
İʌȚȤİȚȡȫȞIJĮȢȞĮįȠȪȝİĮȞİȟȑijȡĮıİȑȞĮȞȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȩȜȩȖȠǵʌȦȢİȓįĮȝİȠǹȜȑȟȘȢȉıȓʌȡĮȢțĮȚȠ
ȈȊȇǿǽǹ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȓȘıĮȞ ȑȞĮȞ ȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȩ ȜȩȖȠ ʌȠȣ șȪȝȚıİ ıİ ȝİȖȐȜȠ ȕĮșȝȩ IJȠ ȆǹȈȅȀ IJȠȣ
ǹȞįȡȑĮȆĮʌĮȞįȡȑȠȣİȞȫȘțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮțĮȚIJȠʌȠȜȚIJȚțȩıțȘȞȚțȩįȚĮȤȦȡȓıIJȘțİıİȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȑȢțĮȚ
ĮȞIJȚȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȑȢįȣȞȐȝİȚȢǼȓȞĮȚĮȜȒșİȚĮȩIJȚȠȜĮȧțȚıȝȩȢIJȠȣȈȊȇǿǽǹȑȖȚȞİʌȚȠ©ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚıIJȚțȩȢª



 
ǼȇǼǿȈȂǹ


Ȓ©ȡİĮȜȚıIJȚțȩȢªȝİIJȐIJȘȞȐȞȠįȠIJȠȣıIJȘȞİȟȠȣıȓĮȅȈȊȇǿǽǹĮʌȠįȑȤIJȘțİIJȠțĮʌȚIJĮȜȚıIJȚțȩıȪ
ıIJȘȝĮįȚĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȢIJȠĮȞIJȚțĮʌȚIJĮȜȚıIJȚțȩIJȠȣʌĮȡİȜșȩȞĮʌȠįȑȤIJȘțİIJȘijȚȜİȜİȪșİȡȘįȘȝȠțȡĮ
IJȓĮȝİIJĮȕĮșȚȐIJȘȢʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮİȞȫİʌȚȤİȓȡȘıİȞĮȝİIJĮIJȡĮʌİȓıİȝȚĮįȪȞĮȝȘʌȠȜȚIJȚțȠȪȡİĮȜȚ
ıȝȠȪǻİȞİȓȞĮȚIJȣȤĮȓȠȩIJȚȣʌȠȤȫȡȘıİȝʌȡȠıIJȐıIJȚȢʌȚȑıİȚȢIJȦȞįĮȞİȚıIJȫȞĮʌȠįȑȤIJȘțİIJȠȂȞȘ
ȝȠȞȚĮțȩʌȜĮȓıȚȠİijȐȡȝȠıİIJȘįȘȝȠıȚȠȞȠȝȚțȒʌİȚșĮȡȤİȓĮțĮȚIJȚȢȞİȠijȚȜİȜİȪșİȡİȢȝİIJĮȡȡȣșȝȓ
ıİȚȢıȣȞİȡȖȐıIJȘțİȝİıȠıȚĮȜįȘȝȠțȡĮIJȚțȑȢįȣȞȐȝİȚȢIJȠȣĮȞIJȚȜĮȧțȚıIJȚțȠȪıIJȡĮIJȠʌȑįȠȣʌȤĬİ
ȠȤĮȡȩʌȠȣȜȠȢȇĮȖțȠȪıȘȢțȜʌȒȡșİıİįȚȐȜȠȖȠȝİıȠıȚĮȜįȘȝȠțȡȐIJİȢʌȠȜȚIJȚțȠȪȢțĮȚįȚĮȞȠȠȪ
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