INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK

Course Title ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

Course Code AAEC15
Program B.Tech
Semester V AE
Course Type Core
Regulation IARE -
UG20
Theory Practical
Course Structure Lecture Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
3 - 3 - -
Course Coordinator Mr. Indradeep Kumar, Assistant Professor

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The students will try to learn:

I The application of mathematical principles on aircraft structural components and

determination of deflections and stresses under various loading conditions.
II The concepts of thin plate theory, phenomena of thin plate structural instability, analysis of
bending, shear and torsion of thin walled beams.
III The concept of structural idealization and transformation of complex structures to simple
structures.
IV The behavior of wing, fuselage and landing gears under various loading conditions.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:
CO 1 Utilize the Impact Strength and Fatigue Strength concept for interpreting Apply
stresses due to axial, bending and torsional loads, effect of inertia, Goodman
and Soderberg relationship, and stresses due to combined loading,
cumulative fatigue damage
CO 2 Choose Strain Energy and Columns concept for predicting the to axial, Apply
bending and Torsional loads,various end conditions, Euler’s Column curve,
Rankine’s formula, and Column with initial curvature
 CO 3 Inspect Classification and characteristics of composite Analyze
materials,Combinations of composite materials, for finding the Mechanical
Behaviors
CO 4 Develop Basic terminology-laminae, laminates, Manufacture – Initial form Apply
of constituent Materials for predicting Layup, Curing, Strength and stiffness
Advantages, Cost Advantages, and Weight Advantages
CO 5 Illustrate the concepts General aspects of Shear stress distribution for Understand
interpreting end of a closed section beam, Thin-walled rectangular section
beam subjected to torsion..
CO 6 Make use of concept of Torsion of an arbitrary section beam, Distributed Apply
torque loading for determining the I-section beam subjected to torsion and
Moment couple conditions.

QUESTION BANK:
Q.No QUESTION Taxonomy
How does this subsume CO’s
the level
MODULE I
FATIGUE OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE
PART-A PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS)
1 A 25 mm diameter shaft is Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
made of forged steel 30C8 the concept of fatigue and
(Su t = 600550N/mm2 ). understand Endurance
There is a step in the shaft limits and solves it with
and the theoretical stress relevant formulas.
concentration factor at the
step is 2.1. The notch
sensitivity factor is 0.84.
Determine the endurance
limit of the shaft if it is
subjected to a reversed
bending moment.

Page 2
2 A cantilever beam made of Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
steel Fe540 the concept of fatigue and
(Su t = 540550N/mm2 and understand S-N curve for
Sy t = 320550N/mm2 ) and steel
subjected to a completely
reversed load (P) of 5kN is
shown in Fig.The beam is
machined and the reliability
is 50%. The factor of safety
is 2 and the notch sensitivity
factor is 0.9.
CalculateEndurance limit at
the fillet section; and
Diameter d of the beam for
infinite life.
3 5. Determine the thickness of Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
a 120mm wide uniform plate the concept of fatigue and
for safe continuous operation understand the concept of
if the plate is subjected to a distortion energy theory and
tensile load that has apply it to a solid circular
maximum value of 250KN shaft
and a minimum value of
100KN. The properties of the
plate material are as follows
Endurance limit stress =
225MPa, and Yield point
stress = 300MPa.The factor
of safety based on yield point
may be taken as 1.5.
4 A bar of steel has an Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
ultimate tensile strength of the concept of fatigue and
700 MPa, a yield point stress understand the concept of
of 400 MPa and fully endurance and apply it to a
corrected endurance limit steel bar.
(Se ) of 220 MPa. The bar is
subjected to a mean bending
stress of 60 MPa and a stress
amplitude of 80 MPa.
Superimposed on it is a mean
torsional stress and torsional
stress amplitude of 70 and 35
MPa respectively. Find the
factor of safety?

Page 3
5 A round shaft made of a Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
brittle material and subjected the concept of fatigue and
to a bending moment of 15 understand the concept of
N-m is shown in Fig. The factor of safety and apply it
stress concentration factor at to a solid circular shaft
the fillet is 1.5 and the
ultimate tensile strength of
the shaft material is
200N/mm2 . Determine the
diameter d, the magnitude of
stress at the fillet and the
factor of safety

6 A cantilever beam made of Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1

cold drawn steel 4OC8 the concept of fatigue and
(Sut = 600550N/mm2 and understand the concept of
Syt = 380550N/mm2 ) is factor of safety and apply it
shown in Fig. The force P to a cantilever beam
acting at the free end varies
from –50 N to +150 N. The
expected reliability is 90%
and the factor of safety is 2.
The notch sensitivity factor
at the fillet is 0.9. Determine
the diameter d of the beam
at the fillet cross-section
using Gerber curve as failure
criterion

Page 4
7 7. A 50mm diameter shaft is Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
made from carbon steel the concept of fatigue and
having ultimate tensile understand the concept of
strength of 630 MPa. It is endurance and apply it to
subjected to a torque which mechanical components
fluctuate between 2000 N-m
to -800 N-m. using soderberg
method, calculate the factor
of safety. Assume suitable
values for any other data
needed.
8 A forged steel bar, 50 mm in Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
diameter, is subjected to a the concept of fatigue and
reversed bending stress of understand the concept of
250N/mm2 . The bar is made working life of a component
of steel 40C8 and apply it to a the steel
(Su t = 600550N/mm2 ). bar
Calculate the life of the bar
for a reliability of 90%.
9 A rotating bar made of steel Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
45C8 (Sut = 630550N/mm2 ) the concept of fatigue and
is subjected to a completely understand the concept of
reversed bending stress. The endurance limit and apply it
corrected endurance limit of to a rotating steel bar
the bar is 315N/mm2 .
Calculate the fatigue
strength of the bar for a life
of 90, 000 cycles.
10 A rod of a linkage mechanism Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
made of steel 40Cr1 the concept of fatigue and
(Sut = 550N/mm2 ) is understand the concept of
subjected to a completely factor of safety and apply it
reversed axial load of 100 kN. to a rod of a linkage
The rod is machined on a mechanism to calculate the
lathe and the expected diameter.
reliability is 95%. There is no
stress concentration.
Determine the diameter of
the rod using a factor of
safety of 2 for an infinite life
condition

Page 5
 PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 A plate made of steel 20C8 Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
(Sut = 440N/mm2 ) inhot the concept of fatigue and
rolled and normalized understand how thickness
condition is shown in Fig.It is of plate effect the fatigue
subjected to a completely loads and solve it with
reversed axial load of 30 kN. reverent formulas
The notch sensitivity factor q
can be taken as 0.8 and the
expected reliability is
90%.The size factor is 0.85.
The factor of safety is 2.
Determine the plate
thickness for infinite life.

2 A component machined from Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1

a plate made of steel 45C8 the concept of fatigue and
(Sut = 630N/mm2 ) is shown understand how thickness
in Fig. It is subjected to a of plate effect the fatigue
completely reversed axial loads and solve it with
force of 50kN . The expected reverent formulas
reliability is 90% and the
factor of safety is 2. The size
factor is 0.85. Determine the
plate thickness t for infinite
life, if the notch sensitivity
factor is 0.8.

Page 6
3 2. A circular bar is subjected Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
to a completely reversed axial the concept of fatigue and
load of 150KN. Determine understand how diameter of
the size of the bar for infinite shaft effect the fatigue loads
life, if it is made of plain and solve it with reverent
carbon steel having ultimate formulas
tensile strength of 800
N/mm2 and yield point in
tension of 600 N/mm2.
Assuming the surface finish
factor as 0.80,size factor
0.85,reliability factor as 90%
and modifying factor for
stress concentration as 0.9
4 Cantilever beam made of Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
cold drawn steel 4OC8 the concept of fatigue and
(Sut = 600N/mm2 and understand how fatigue
Syt = 380N/mm2 )is shown in load effects the component
Fig. The force P acting at (steel bar)and solve it with
the free end varies from relavent formulas
–50N to +150N . The
expected reliability is 90%
and the factor of safety is 2.
The notch sensitivity factor
at the fillet is 0.9. Determine
the diameter‘d’ of the beam
at the fillet cross-section?

Page 7
5 A polished steel bar is Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
subjected to axial tensile the concept of fatigue and
force that varies from zero to understand how fatigue
Pmax . It has a groove 2mm load effects the component
deep and having a radius of (steel bar)and solve it with
3mm. The theoretical stress relavent formulas
concentration factor and
notch sensitivity factor at the
groove are 1.8 and 0.95
respectively. The outer
diameter of the bar is 30mm.
The ultimate tensile strength
of the bar is 1250M P a. The
endurance limit in reversed
bending is 600M P a. Find
the maximum force that the
bar can carry for 105 cycles
with 90% reliability.
6 A machine component is Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
subjected to fluctuating the concept of fatigue and
stress that varies from 40 to understand Gerber theory,
100N/mm2 . The corrected Soderberg and Goodman line
endurance limit stress for the and solve factor of safety of
machine component is machine component
270N/mm2 The ultimate
tensile strength and yield
strength of the material are
600 and
450N/mm2 respectively. Find
the factor of safety using
ˆ (i) Gerber theory

ˆ (ii) Soderberg line

ˆ (iii) Goodman line

Also, find the factor of safety
against static failure.

Page 8
7 A bar of steel has an Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
ultimate tensile strength of the concept of fatigue and
700M P a, a yield point stress understand The fatigue
of 400M P a and fully stress amplitude and solve
corrected endurance limit factor of safety for steel bar.
(Se ) of 220M P a. The bar is
subjected to a mean bending
stress of 60 MPa and a stress
amplitude of 80M P a.
Superimposed on it is a mean
torsional stress and torsional
stress amplitude of 70 and
35M P a respectively. Find
the factor of safety.
8 Explain Goodman curve in Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
fatigue and derive its the concept of fatigue and
equation understand and Goodman
curve and derive its equation.
9 Explain about low cycle Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
fatigue and high cycle fatigue the concept of fatigue and
with proper example understand and Low cycle
fatigue and high cycle
fatigue.
10 A rod of 0.5 in2 is subjected Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
to static mean tensile load of the concept of fatigue and
10 kps. What fatigue stress determine Fatigue stress
amplitude σa will produce amplitude.
failure after 106 cycles?
Assume σn = 32ksi,
σu = 60ksi.
11 A machine component Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
subjected to bending stresses the concept of fatigue and
which fluctuates between 33 determine Fatigue stress
N/mm2 compressive in cyclic amplitude
manner. Using the goodman
and soderberg criteria
calculate the minimum
required ultimate stress.
Take factor of safety 1.5 and
endurance limit in reversed
bending as 50% of ultimate
tensile strength

Page 9
12 A shaft subjected to bending Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
moment varying from -200N the concept of fatigue and
m to +500 N m and a determine Fatigue stress
varying torque from 50N m amplitude
to 175 N m. If the material
of shaft is 30C8, stress
concentration factor is 1.85,
notch sensitivity is 0.95
reliability 99.9% and factor of
safety is 1.5, find the
diameter of the shaft.
13 An automobile engine part Apply The learner will try to recall CO 11
rotates, and in each rotation the concept of fatigue and
stress varies from understand and Gerber
Sm ax = 20, 000 psi to theory, Soderberg and
Sm in = 1, 000 psi. The Goodman line and solve
material has Sut = 80, 000 factor of safety of machine
psi, Syt = 60, 000 psi, component
Se = 28, 000 psi. Assume
K = Kf = 1. Find no of
cycles to failure, with

ˆ (i) Soderberg’s,

ˆ (ii) Goodman’s and

ˆ (iii) modified
Goodman’s equations.

14 Define any five parameters on Remember CO 1

which endurance strength
depends up on?
15 Explain Soderbergs line in Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
fatigue? the concept of fatigue and
explain the concept of
soderbergs line
16 A rectangular plate of 50 mm Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
wide with a circular hole of the concept of fatigue and
diameter 10 mm in the center explain the concept of
is subjected to a bending soderbergs line
moment of 10 NM. If the
thickness of the plate is 1
mm, determine the maximum
stress induced in the plate.

Page 10
17 An infinite plate contains a Apply The learner will try to recall CO 1
crack having an initial length the concept of fatigue and
of 0.2mm and is subjected to explain the concept of crack
a cyclic repeated stress range propagation
of 175 N/mm2. If the
fracture toughness of the
plate is 1708 N/mm3/2 and
the rate of crack growth is
40*10−15 * (∆ K)4 mm/cycle
determine the number of
cycles to failure.
18 Discuss about the fail safe Understand
The learner will try to recall CO 1
and safe life of a strucuture the concept of fatigue and
and fluctutating stresses explain the concept of safe
acting on the strucuture life and fail safe
19 Explain GERBER’S line in Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
fatigue? the concept of fatigue and
explain the concept of
soderbergs line
20 Explain GOODMANN line in Understand The learner will try to recall CO 1
fatigue? the concept of fatigue and
explain the concept of
soderbergs line
PART - C (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define stress concentration Remember —- CO1
factor.
2 What are the causes of stress Remember —- CO1
concentration? Define the
methods of reducing stress
concentration?
3 What is fluctuating stress? Remember —- CO1
Draw a stress–time curve for
fluctuating stress?
4 What is repeated stress? Remember —- CO1
Draw a stress–time curve for
repeated stress?
5 Define reversed stress? Draw Remember —- CO1
a stress–time curve for
reversed stress?
6 What is fatigue failure? Remember —- CO1
What are the machine
components that fail by
fatigue?

Page 11
7 What is the difference Remember —- CO1
between failure due to static
load and fatigue failure?
8 Define endurance limit? Remember —- CO1
9 Define fatigue life of a Remember —- CO1
component?
10 What is S–N curve in Remember —- CO1
fatigue?
11 What is low-cycle fatigue? Remember —- CO1
Give practical examples of
low-cycle fatigue failure?
12 What is high-cycle fatigue? Remember —- CO1
Give practical examples of
high-cycle fatigue failure?
13 What is fatigue stress Remember —- CO1
concentration factor?
14 What is notch sensitivity and Remember —- CO1
sensitivity factor? Are they
both same?
15 What are the factors that Remember —- CO1
affect endurance limit of a
machine part?
16 Explain S-N diagram Remember —- CO1
17 Define Nueber’s stress Remember —- CO1
concentration factor.
18 Define stress amplitude and Remember —- CO1
Mean stress
19 Define Ultimate Stress and Remember —- CO1
Yield Stress
20 Define Fatigue and creep Remember —- CO1

Page 12

ENERGY METHODS
PART-A PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS)
1 Calculate the vertical
displacements of the quarter
and mid-span points B and C
of the simply supported
beam of length L and flexural
rigidity EI loaded, as shown
in Fig
2 Derive Euler’s formula for
Columns with Both Ends
Hinged
3 Derive Euler’s formula for
Columns with Both ends
fixed
4 A hollow alloy tube from 4m
long with external and
internal diameters of 40mm
and 25mm respectively was
found to extend 4.8mm a
tensile load of 60kn. Find the
buckling load for the tube
fixed with both ends pinned.
Also find the safe load on the
tube taking a factor of safety
as 5.
MODULE II
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the complimentary energy
and applyto find the vertical
displacement.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and apply the energy release
rate to cracked bodied and
determine mathematical
expression for crack
instability.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and apply it to cracked
bodies and solve for critical
stress (σc ) and critical strain
energy release with suitable
mathematical formulas.
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand the energy
release rate to determine
critical crack length.
Page 13
5 The simply supported beam
ABC shown in Fig. is
stiffened by an arrangement
of pin-jointed bars capable of
sustaining axial loads only. If
the cross-sectional area of the
beam is AB and that of the
bars is A, calculate the forces
in the members of the
framework assuming that
displacements are caused by
bending and direct force
action only.
6 Derive Rankine’s Formula for
Long Columns Subjected to
Eccentric Loading
7 Derive Euler’s formula for
Columns with One end is
fixed and the other hinged
8 Derive Euler’s formula for
Columns with One end is
fixed and the other free
9 Find the Euler crippling load
for a hollow cylindrical steel
column of 38mm external
diameter and 2.5mm thick.
Take the length of the
column as 2.3mm and hinged
at both ends. Take
E=205GPa. Also determine
the crippling load by Rankine
formula using constant as
335MPa and 1/7500
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of stress intensity
factor, plasticity and apply
it to determine the crack
growth conditions with
suitable formulas.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand the energy
release rate
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of stress intensity
factor and apply it to
pressure vessel and solve it to
calculate the failure stress.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Westergaard
complex function and apply
it to determine dominant
near crack-tip stresses.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Paris equation
and apply it to crack growth
model and show how length
of the crack grows with no of
cycles.
Page 14
10 A steel rod 5 m long and of
40 mm diameter is used as a
column, with on end fixed
and the other free.
Determine the crippling load
by Euler’s formula. Take E
as 200 GPa.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Obtain the relationship
between Complementary
energy and strain energy
2 Derive the Castigliano’s First
Theorem
3 Briefly explain Limitation of Understand The learner will try to recall
Euler’s Formula
4 Derive Beam deflection Due
to a Point Load by the
method of complementary
energy
6 Derive Beam deflection by a
uniformly loaded cantilever
by the method of
complementary energy
7 Obtain load–displacement
relationship by using
principle of the stationary
value of the total
complementary energy for
non-linear form
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of stress intensity
factor and apply to the
cracked specimen.
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Instability of a
crack growth and explain the
concept with plots
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of stress intensity
factor for mode 1 of a crack
growth and explain it for
infinite plate and derive an
expression for it
CO 2
the concept of crack tip
plasticity and explain it
with and Irwin approach
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand with
respect to crack growth and
apply to Double cantilever
beam specimen.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of critical energy
release rate and understand
with respect to crack growth
and apply to Double
cantilever beam specimen
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of crack
resistance and fracture
toughness and explain the
reason.
Page 15
8 Derive Beam deflection by a
uniformly loaded cantilever
by the method of
complementary energy
9 Derive Clapeyron’s Three
Moment Equation for
concentrated load anywhere
on the span
10 Derive Rankine’s Formulae
for Columns
11 Discuss about the principle of Understand The learner will try to recall
the stationary value of the
total complementary energy
12 Derive Clapeyron’s Three
Moment Equation for
uniform load over entire span
13 Obtain load–displacement
relationship by using
principle of the stationary
value of the total
complementary energy for
linear form.
14 Derive Clapeyron’s Three
Moment Equation for
concentrated load on
midspan.
15 Illustrate and express the
Euler’s Formula in terms of
Equivalent length of a
Column with various end
conditions.
PART-C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is Slenderness Ratio?
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of crack
resistance and energy release
and explain how these two
are related.
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept relaxation energy
and strain energy for cracked
specimen and explain why
triangular region is used to
calculate energy release rate.
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept plastic zone size
and fracture toughness for
cracked specimen and explain
the relationship between
them.
CO 2
the concept plastic zone and
yield for cracked specimen
and explain it through
Irwin’s model.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand with
respect to crack growth and
determine its equation.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand the energy
release rate and apply to
Double cantilever beam
specimen.
Understand The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of Griffith energy
and understand the energy
release rate.
Apply The learner will try to recall CO 2
the concept of critical energy
and apply the energy release
rate to double beam
specimen.
Remember — CO 2
Page 16
2 What is strain energy? Remember — CO 2
3 Define Column Remember — CO 2
4 Define Strut? Remember — CO 2
5 What do you mean by Remember CO 2
crippling load?
6 What is southwell plot Remember — CO 2
method
7 What is beam column Remember — CO 2
8 What is the name, if Remember — CO 2
slenderness ratio is more
than 80?
9 What is the name,if Remember — CO 2
slenderness ratio is less than
80?
10 What is the crippling load for Remember — CO 2
one end is fixed and other
end is hinged
11 What is the crippling load for Remember CO 2
one end is fixed and other
end is free
12 What is the crippling load for Remember — CO 2
both ends are fixed
13 What is the crippling load for Remember — CO 2
both ends are hinged
14 What is the value of whose Remember — CO 2
tangent is equal to itself?
15 What is three moment Remember — CO 2
equation?

16 Define Eccentric load Remember — CO 2

17 Write the formula of Rankine Remember — CO 2
constant
18 What is the sign, when a Remember — CO 2
moment, which tends to bend
the column with convexity
towards its initial central line
19 What is the sign, when a Remember — CO 2
moment, which tends to bend
the column with concavity
towards its initial central line
20 Define complementary energy
Remember — CO 2
MODULE III
LAMINATED AIRCRAFT COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Page 17
 PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 Is a composite material a
homogenous and isotropic?
Explain with a suitable
example?
2 Enumerate six primary
material selection parameters
that are used in evaluating
the use of a particular
material.
3 What are metal matrix
composites? Explain with
suitable examples.
4 Write the number of
independent elastic constants
for three dimensional
anisentropic, monoclinic,
orthotropic, transversely
isotropic, and isotropic.
5 Reduce the monoclinic
stress-strain relationships to
those of an orthotropic
materials
6 The engineering constants for
an isotropic materials are
found to be E1 = 4M si,E2 =
3M si,E3 = 3.1M si,ν12 =
0.2,ν23 = 0.4,ν31 = 0.6,G12 =
6M si,G23 = 7M si,G31 =
2M si. Find the stiffness
matrix [C] and compliance
matrix [S] for the preceding
orthotropic material
7 Find the stiffness matrices
[A] and [B] for a three ply
[0/30/ − 45] graphite epoxy
laminate. Assume that each
lamina has thickness of 5mm.
The properties of
graphite/Epoxy
E1 = 181GP a, E2 =
10.3GP a, ν12 = 0.28, G12 =
7.17GP a,
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and understand
the material properties.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the composites materials and
explain the parameters for
the evaluation of a material.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the o metal matrix
composites and explain it
with suitable examples
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the o anisentropic,
monoclinic, orthotropic,
transversely isotropic, and
isotropic and explain elastic
constants for 3d material.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the orthotropic materials and
understand stress-strain
relationship
Apply The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and understand
its constituent properties and
apply the micromechanics
principles to determine its
expressions.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of graphite
epoxy laminate and
understand the loads acting
on plate and compute
stiffness matrices
Page 18
8 Compute [A], [B] and [D]
matrices for a three ply
graphite epoxy laminate
[0/45], whose properties are
 
128 3.11 0 stiffness matrices
[Q]i,j = 3.11 11.1 0 
 
0 0 6.55
GPa . Assume each lamina
has a thickness of 0.5mm
9 Derive the equilibrium
equations for a laminated
composite plate subjected to
transverse loads.
10 Derive the expressions toE11 ,
E22 ,ν12 and G12 in terms of
constituent properties using
micromechanics principles.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain mechanical behavior
of composite materials?
2 Explain any two methods of
glass fiber manufacturing
with neat sketch.
3 Describe the manufacturing
process involved in
Laminated Fiber-Reinforced
composite materials?
4 What are the factors that
control the properties of
fibers in composite materials?
Apply The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of laminated
composite plate and
understand the loads acting
on plate and compute
UnderstandThe learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of laminated
composite plate and
understand the loads acting
on plate and determine
equilibrium equations
Apply The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and understand
its constituent properties and
apply the micromechanics
principles to determine its
expressions.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and understand
its mechanical behavior.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and understand
glass fiber manufacturing
methods.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 4
the concepts of reinforced
composite materials and
understand manufacturing
method of Fiber-Reinforced
composite materials.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of reinforced
composite materials and
explain its properties.
Page 19
5 Describe the role of
composite materials in the
field of
ˆ Aerospace and Military
ˆ Automobile
6 Define various types of glass
fibers (at least five) and its
application?
7 Define Pultrusion method
with neat sketch
8 Explain Compression
molding along with its
advantages and
disadvantages
9 Briefly explain about
Vacuum injection moulding
with a neat sketch.
10 Explain about Autoclave
Molding with neat sketch
11 Explain classification of
composites
12 Explain classification of
polymer Matrix composites
with examples
13 Explain Structural
composites
Understand The learner will recollect CO4
the concepts of reinforced
composite materials and
explain its advantages.
Remember — CO 4
Remember CO 4
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Compression molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Compression molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Page 20
14 Explain mechanical
behaviour and properties of
composites
15 Explain hybrid laminate
composites
16 Explain advantages of
composite materials
17 what are the fabrication
techniques used to
manufacture composites
18 Consider a bar of
cross-section A and length L
. A uniform tensile load P is
applied to the two ends of
the rod; find the state of
stress and strain, and strain
energy per unit volume of the
body. Assume that the rod is
made of a homogeneous
isotropic material of Young’s
modulus, E
19 write the stiffeness and
compliance matrix for linear
elastic isotropic material
20 write the stiffeness and Understand The learner will recollect
compliance matrix for linear
elastic anisotropic material
PART - C (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Understand The learner will recollect CO 4
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 4
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 3
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 4
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Understand
The learner will recollect CO 4
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
CO 4
the concepts of composite
materials and explain the
Autoclave molding
techniques.
Page 21
1 Define a composite material Remember — CO 3
and its advantages over
conventional
materials/alloys?
2 What are the advantages of Remember — CO 3
composite material? And
write its area of application?
3 Discuss about the Remember — CO 3
classification of composite
materials?
4 Define a fibrous composite Remember — CO 3
material along with its
properties?
5 What is matrix in a Remember — CO 3
composite material and
define its role?
6 Define four commonly Remember — CO 3
accepted types of composite
materials?
7 Define a laminate composite Remember — CO 3
material? Is a bimetal strip a
laminate composite material?
8 Specify any two products in Remember — CO 3
your home which are made
up of composite materials,
and state the reason why it is
replaced by other metals?
9 Define the following Remember — CO 3

ˆ a. Plastic material

ˆ b. Fiber material

ˆ c. Composite material

ˆ d. Ceramic materials

10 Define a micro and macro Remember — CO 4

mechanical properties of a
composite materials?
11 What are laminated Remember — CO 4
fiber-reinforced composite
materials?

Page 22
 12 Write about Remember — CO 3

ˆ a. Thermoset Resins

ˆ b. Thermoplastic
Resins

13 Define Mould and its uses in Remember — CO3

manufacturing of composite
materials?
14 Define various types of Remember — CO 3
Moulds?
15 Define fillers and its purpose Remember CO 3
in composite materials
16 Define laminae Remember — CO4
17 Define prepegs Remember — CO 4
18 Define lamina Remember — CO 4
19 Define isotropic ans Remember — CO 4
anisotropic materials
20 write down the elastic Remember — CO 4
constants of all types of
composite materials
MODULE IV
STRUCTURAL AND LOADING DISCONTINUITIES - CLOSED SECTION BEAMS
PART A- PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 An idealized thin walled Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
closed section beam the concept of thin walled
subjected to torsion T is as beams and shear flow and
shown below Fig. Derive the apply the concept of shear
equation of torsion and rate flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

of twist.

Page 23
2 Equilibrium of boom element Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
subjected to shear flows qa the concept of thin walled
and qb shown in below Fig. beams and shear flow and
Derive the equation of apply the concept of shear
warpingw.Use the following flow to tin walled beams
formulas
  under torsion.
−4Gta tb
qa = bta +atb w + a(btTa +at
ta
b)
 
qb = −4Gt a tb T tb
bta +atb w + b(bta +atb )
where ta ,tb are the thickness
of web and cover

3 Determine the shear flow Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5

distribution at the built-in
end of a beam whose
cross-section is shown in Fig.
walls have the same thickness
“t”and shear modulus G;
R = 120mm.
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

Page 24
4 A six boom thin walled
structure is shown below
derive the mathematical
expression for PA (load on
center boom).A,B are the
areas of corner and central
booms
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

5 A shallow box section beam Apply The learner will recollect CO 5

whose cross-section is shown the concept of thin walled
in Fig.is simply supported beams and shear flow and
over a span of 2m and carries apply the concept of shear
a vertically downward load of flow to tin walled beams
20kN at mid-span. Idealize under torsion.
the section into one suitable
for shear lag analysis,
comprising eight booms, and
hence determine the
distribution of direct stress
along the top right-hand
corner of the beam. Take
G/E = 0.36

Page 25
6 The panel shown in Fig.is
idealized into a combination
of direct stress carrying
booms and shear stress
carrying plates; the boom
areas are shown and the
plate thickness ist=2mm.
Calculate the direct load P in
each boom, take A =2B Take
d=250mm,Area of
boom=500mm2 , L = 1m.
7 Determine the direct stress
distribution in the
thin-walled Z-section shown
in Fig. , produced by a
positive bending moment Mx.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 26
8 The differential equation Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
corresponding to load in the concept of thin walled
central element of an beams and shear flow and
idealized thin walled apply the concept of shear
beam(see below Fig) is given flow to tin walled beams
2 GtSy z
as ∂∂zP2A − λ2 PA = dEBh , under torsion.
Where,λ2 = Gt(A+2B)
dEAB Obtain
the general solution and
particular solution for the
above defined differential
equations

9 An idealized thin walled Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5

closed section beam
subjected to torsion T=10 (N
m)/mm is as shown below
Fig. Calculate the values of
shear flows qa , qb ,thickness
ta = tb = 4mm,a =
500mm,b = 200mm,L = 1m,
warping w = 1mm.
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

Page 27
10 The panel shown in Fig. is
idealized into a combination
of direct stress carrying
booms and shear stress
carrying plates; the boom
areas are shown and the
plate thickness is t = 2mm.
Calculate the direct load P
in each boom, take
A = B,d = 250mm,Area of
boom=500 mm2 , L = 1m.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Calculate the shear stress
distribution at the built-in
end of the beam shown in
Fig.when, at this section, it
carries a shear load of 22,000
N acting at a distance of 100
mm from and parallel to side
12. The modulus of rigidity
G is constant throughout the
section:
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of structure
discontinuity and
understand w.r.t closed
section beams and apply the
relevant formulas to calculate
shear stress distribution and
analyze the result at the
built in end.
Page 28
2 Determine the shear flow
distribution at the built-in
end of a beam whose
cross-section is shown in Fig.
All walls have the same
thickness “t”and shear
modulus G; R = 200mm.
3 A uniform four boom box of
span 5 m is 500 mm wide by
200 mm deep and has four
corner booms, each of cross
sectional area 800mm2 , its
wall thickness is 1.0 mm. If
the box is subjected to a
uniformly distributed torque
loading of 20 Nm/mm along
its length and it is supported
at each end such that
complete freedom of warping
exists at the end
cross-sections, calculate the
angle of twist at the
mid-span section. Take
G = 20, 000N/mm2 and
G/E = 0.36.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of structure dis
continuity and understand
w.r.t closed section beams
and apply the relevant
formulas to calculate shear
stress distribution and
analyze the result at the
built in end.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of structure and
loading discontinuity and
understand it w.r.t closed
section beams and apply the
relevant formulas to calculate
angle of twist andanalyze
the result.
Page 29
4 A shallow box section beam
whose cross-section is shown
in Fig. is simply supported
over a span of 2m and carries
a vertically downward load of
20kN at mid-span. Idealize
the section into one suitable
for shear lag analysis,
comprising eight booms, and
hence determine the
distribution of direct stress
along the top right-hand
corner of the beam. Take
G/E = 0.36.
5 The unsymmetrical panel
shown in Fig. 26.28comprises
three direct stress carrying
booms and two shear stress
carrying panels. If the panel
supports a load P at its free
end and is pinned to
supports at the ends of its
outer booms, determine the
distribution of direct load in
the central boom. Determine
also the load in the central
boom when A = B = C and
shear lag effects are absent.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of structure and
loading discontinuity and
understand it w.r.t closed
section beams and apply the
relevant formulas to calculate
stress of the beam and
analyze the shear lag for a
shallow box section.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of structure and
loading discontinuity and
understand it w.r.t closed
section beams and apply the
relevant formulas to calculate
load in the central booms
andanalyze the distribution
of direct load in the central
boom.
Page 30
6 A uniform four boom box of Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
span 5 m is 500 mm wide by the concept of structure and
200 mm deep and has four loading discontinuity and
corner booms, each of cross understand it w.r.t closed
sectional area 450mm2 , its section beams and apply the
wall thickness is 1.0mm. If relevant formulas to calculate
the box is subjected to a angle of twist for a uniform
uniformly distributed torque four boom box.
loading of 15N m/mm along
its length and it is supported
at each end such that
complete freedom of warping
exists at the end
cross-sections, calculate the
angle of twist at the
mid-span section.
TakeG = 10, 000N/mm2 and
G/E = 0.36.
7 A thin-walled beam with the Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
singly symmetrical the concept of structure and
cross-section, shown in Fig, is loading discontinuity and
built-in at one end, where the understand it w.r.t closed
shear force Sy = 111, 250N is section beams and apply the
applied through web 25. relevant formulas to
Assuming the cross section determine the shear flow and
remains undistorted by the position of center of twist
loading; determine the shear
flow and the position of the
center of twist at the built-in
end. The shear modulus G is
the same for all

walls.

Page 31
8 A singly symmetrical, thin Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
walled, closed section beam is the concept of structure and
built-in at one end, where a loading discontinuity and
shear load of 10,000 N is understand it w.r.t closed
applied as shown in Fig. section beams and apply the
Calculate the resulting shear relevant formulas to
flow distribution at the determine the shear flow and
built-in end if the position of center of twist
cross-section of the beam
remains undistorted by the
loading and the shear
modulus G and wall
thickness t are each constant
throughout the section. A
thin-walled two-cell beam
with the singly symmetrical
cross-section shown in Fig.is
built-in at one end, where the
torque is 11, 000N m.
Assuming the cross section
remains undistorted by the
loading; determine the
distribution of shear flow and
the position of the center of
twist at the built-in end. The
shear modulus G is the same
for all

walls.

Page 32
9 A singly symmetrical, thin Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
walled, closed section beam is the concept of structure and
built-in at one end, where a loading discontinuity and
shear load of 10,000 N is understand it w.r.t closed
applied as shown in Fig. P. section beams and apply the
Calculate the resulting shear relevant formulas to
flow distribution at the determine the shear flow and
built-in end if the position of center of twist
cross-section of the beam
remains undistorted by the
loading and the shear
modulus G and wall
thickness t are each constant
throughout the section. Take

10 A uniform, four-boom beam, Apply The learner will recollect CO 5

built-in at one end, has the the concept of structure and
rectangular cross section loading discontinuity and
shown in Fig. P.26.4. The understand it w.r.t closed
walls are assumed to be section beams and apply the
effective only in shear, the relevant formulas to calculate
thickness and shear modulus angle of twist at free end for
being the same for all walls a four boom beam.
while the booms, which are of
equal area, carry only direct
stresses. Assuming that the
cross-section remains
undistorted by the loading,
calculate the twist at the free
end due to a uniformly
distributed torque loading T
= 20 Nm/mm along its entire
length. Take G =
20, 000N/mm2 ,G/E = 0.36

Page 33
11 Figure shows the doubly Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
symmetrical idealized cross the concept of structure and
section of a uniform box loading discontinuity and
beam of length “l”. Each of understand it w.r.t closed
the four corner booms has section beams and apply the
area B and Young’s modulus relevant formulas to Obtain
E, and they constitute the an expression for the
entire direct stress carrying distribution of the end load
area. All the thin walls have
the same shear modulus G.
The beam transmits a torque
T from one end to the other,
and at each end, warping is
completely suppressed.
Between the ends, the shape
of the cross-section is
maintained without further
restriction of warping.
Obtain an expression for the
distribution of the end load
along the length of one of the
corner booms. Assuming
bt1 > at2 indicates graphically
the relation between torque
direction and tension and
compression in the boom end
loads.

Page 34
12 The idealized cross section of Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
a beam is shown in Fig. The the concept of thin walled
beam is of length L and is beams and shear flow and
attached to a flexible support apply the concept of shear
at one end, which only flow to tin walled beams
partially prevents warping of under torsion.
the cross section; at its free
end, the beam carries a
concentrated torque T .
Assuming that the warping
at the built-in end is directly
proportional to the free
warping, that is,w = kw0 ,
derive an expression for the
distribution of direct stress
along the top right hand
corner boom. State the
conditions corresponding to
the values k = 0 and k = 1.

Page 35
13 In the panel shown in Fig. Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
the area, As, of the central the concept of thin walled
stringer is to be designed so beams and shear flow and
that the stress in it is 80 apply the concept of shear
percent of the constant stress, flow to tin walled beams
se, in the edge members, each under torsion.
of area B. Assuming that the
sheet, which is of constant
thickness, t, carries only
shear stress and that
transverse strains are
prevented, derive expressions
for As and B in terms of the
applied loads and the
appropriate elastic moduli,E
for the longitudinal members
and G for the sheet. Evaluate
these expressions in the case
where P = 450, 000N ;
P s = 145, 000N ;
S = 350N/mm;
se = 275N/mm2
l = 1, 250mm; b = 250mm;
t = 2.5mm; and G = 0.38E.
Find the fraction of the total
tension at the abutment
carried by the stringer.

Page 36
14 A symmetrical panel has the Apply The learner will recollect CO 5
form shown in Fig. The the concept of thin walled
longerons are of constant beams and shear flow and
area, B1 for the edge apply the concept of shear
members and B2 for the flow to tin walled beams
central member and the sheet under torsion.
is of uniform thickness t. The
panel is assembled without
stress. Obtain an expression
for the distribution of end
load in the central longeron if
it is then raised to a
temperature T (constant
along its length) above the
edge members. Also, give the
longitudinal displacement, at
one end of the panel, of the
central longeron relative to
the edge members. Assume
that end loads are carried
only by the longerons that
the sheet carries only shear,
and that transverse members
are provided to prevent
transverse straining and to
ensure shear effectiveness of
the sheet at the ends of the
panel.

Page 37
15 The flat panel shown in Fig. Analyze The learner will recollect CO 5
Comprises a sheet of uniform the concept of thin walled
thickness t, a central stringer beams and shear flow and
of constant area A, and edge apply the concept of shear
members of varying area. flow to tin walled beams
The panel is supported on under torsion.
pinned supports and is
subjected to externally
applied shear flows S1 and
S2 , together with end loads
P0,1 and P2,0 , as shown. The
areas of the edge members
vary such that the direct
stresses σ1 and σ2 in the edge
members are constant.
Assuming that transverse
strains are prevented, that
the sheet transmits shear
stress only, and that each
part has suitable end
members to take the
complementary shear
stresses, derive expressions
for the variation of direct
stress σ3 in the stringer and
for the variation of shear flow
in the upper panel in terms
of the dimensions given and
the elastic moduli E and G
for the material.

16 derive the equation for shear Remember — CO 5

stress distribution at a
built-in end of a thin walled
closed section beam
17 derive the equation for shear Remember — CO 5
stress distribution at a
built-in end of a thin walled
open section beam

Page 38
18 derive the equation for shear Remember — CO 5
stress distribution of a thin
walled closed section beam
19 derive the equation for shear Remember — CO 5
stress distribution of a thin
walled open section beam
20 define and derive warping Remember — CO 5
PART - C (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Write the equation for shear Remember — CO 5
stress distribution at a
built-in end of a tin walled
closed section beam
2 What do you understand by Remember — CO 5
built in ends of thin walled
cross sections beams and
state the conditions for built
in ends?
3 What do you understand by Understand The learner will recollect CO 5
thin walled beams and how the concept of thin walled
thin walled beams differes beams and solid structures
from solid beams? and understand the
difference between them.
4 Define St.Venant principle Understand The learner will recollect CO 5
and its limitation to thin the concept of thin walled
walled beams beams and St.Venant
principle and understand
the limitation of St.Venant
principle.

Page 39
5 A thin walled rectangular Remember — CO 5
cross section is shown below.
If torque T is applied at the
shear center.

ˆ Write down the

equation for free
warping distribution
(assume no built in end
exist).

ˆ What is the value for

free warping at built in
end

6 The idealized rectangular Apply The learner will recollect CO 5

section beam built-in at one
end and subjected to a
torque at the other is shown
in figure if qa and qb are shear
flows in a cover and web, ta ,tb
are the thickness of cover and
web express the equation of
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

torque.
7 State the boundary
conditions for built in ends of
thin walled beams?
8 Define shear lag and state
the reasons for shear lag
9 State the assumptions made
in Shear lag problems.
Understand The learner will recollect CO 5
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Remember — CO 5
Remember — CO 5

Page 40
10 Is shear lag appears in four Understand The learner will recollect CO 5
boom idealized thin walled the concept of thin walled
beams? Justify your answer. beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
11 Idealized thin walled closed Remember — CO 5
section beam is shown in
below figure obtain the
mathematical expression for
(Hint:-Use free body diagram
and compatibility conditions)
12 Write the equation of twist Remember CO 5
for an idealized thin wall
beam under torsion loading.
13 Define shear center and what Remember — CO 5
is its importance
14 Define warping, is warping Remember — CO 5
possible in solid sections?
15 Define St.Venant principles Remember — CO 5
and its limitation to thin
walled beams
16 Define thin walled beams Remember — CO 5
17 Define shear centre Remember — CO 5
15 Define warping Remember — CO 5
18 Define effective wall sections Remember — CO 5
19 Define shear flow Remember — CO 5
20 Define ineffective wall Remember — CO 5
sections
MODULE V
STRUCTURAL AND LOADING DISCONTINUITIES - OPEN SECTION BEAMS
PART-A PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS)
1 Derive the expression for Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
total torque produced on an the concept of thin walled
open I-section beam. beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

Page 41
2 Prove that R Apply
2A tds
2AR = 2AR,0 − c R R,0 for
c tds
a thin walled arbitrary
section beam under torsion,
where t is thickness
3 Derive the equation
dθ d3 θ
T = GJ dz − EΓR dz 3 For a
thin walled beams of
arbitrary section(students
need to be aware of terms
stated in the above equation)
4 Derive the equation of
d3 θ
TΓ = −EΓR dz 3 for a thin
walled I section beam
5 Derive the equation on center
of twist for an thin walled
open section beams
The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beamsand shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beamsand shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 42
6 Derive the equation of ΓR for
a given geometry
Apply The learner will recollect the CO 6
concept of thin walled beams
and shear flow and apply the
concept of shear flow to tin
walled beams under torsion.

7 An open section beam of Apply The learner will recollect CO 6

length L has the section the concept of thin walled
shown in Fig. The beam is beams and shear flow and
firmly built-in at one end and apply the concept of shear
carries a pure torque T . flow to tin walled beams
Derive expressions for the under torsion.
direct stress
  σΓ =
−2AR E T
GJ µ sinh µ(L−z)
sinh(µL)
GJ
Where µ2 = EΓR

8 Derive the equation of ΓR for Apply The learner will recollect CO 6

I-section beam of depth h
and flange width w
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.

Page 43
9 Derive the expression for
total torque produced on an
open I-section beam.
10 Derive the expression for
twist produced on an open
I-section beam.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 An open section beam of
length L has the section
shown in Fig. The beam is
firmly built-in at one end and
carries a pure torque T .
Derive expressions for the
direct stress and shear flow
distributions produced by the
axial constraint (the σΓ and
qΓ systems) and the rate of
twist of the beam.
Page 44
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
2 The column shown in Fig.
carries a vertical load of 100
kN. Calculate the angle of
twist at the top of the
column and the distribution
of direct stress at its base.
E = 200, 000 N/mm2 and
G/E = 0.36
3 An axially symmetric beam
the thin-walled cross-section
shown in Fig. If the thickness
t is constant throughout and
making the usual
assumptions for a thin walled
cross section, show that the
torsion bending constant ΓR
calculated about the shear
center S is ΓR = 13 5
15 d t
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 45
4 A uniform beam has the
point-symmetric cross section
shown in Fig. Making the
usual assumptions for a thin
walled cross-section, show
that the torsion bending
constant G calculated about
the shear center S is
8 5
Γ = 13 a t sin2 (2α) assume
constant thickness troughout
the geometry.
5 Calculate the direct stress
distribution (including both
axial constraint and
elementary bending stresses)
at the built-in end of the
cantilever beam shown in
Fig.for the case when
w = 0.5N/mm,
L = 1, 500mm, h = 200mm,
d = 50mm, t = 5mm, and
E/G = 3.0.
6 Determine the torsion
bending constant for the
thin-walled beam shown in
Fig.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 46
7 Derive an expression for the
rate of twist of a thin wall
cantilever beam of length L
as shown in Fig. with a clock
wise torque T at its free end.
8 A thin-walled cantilever
beam of length L has the
cross-section shown in Fig.
and carries a load P
positioned as shown at its
free end. Derive an
expression for the angle of
twist θT at the free end of the
beam.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 47
9 An open section beam of Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
length 2l, whose ends are free the concept of thin walled
to warp, consists of two beams and shear flow and
uniform portions of equal apply the concept of shear
length l, as shown in Fig. flow to tin walled beams
The cross sections of the two under torsion.
halves are identical except
that the thickness in one half
is t and in the other 2t.If the
St. Venant torsion constant
and the torsion bending
constant for the portion of
thickness t are J and G,
respectively, show that, when
the beam is loaded by a
constant torque T , the
relative twist between the
free 
ends is given by θ = 
Tl 49 sin(2µl)
8GJ 9−

2µl 10 cosh2 (µl)−1
Where, µ2 = GJ
EΓ ( G is
constant trough out the

geometry)

Page 48
10 An axially symmetric beam
the thin-walled cross-section
shown in Fig. If the thickness
t = 5mm is constant
throughout and making the
usual assumptions for a thin
walled cross section, show
that the torsion bending
constant ΓR calculated about
the shear center S is (take
d = 20mm)
11 A thin-walled cantilever
beam of length L has the
cross-section shown in Fig
and carries a load P
positioned as shown at its
free end. Determine the
torsion bending constant for
the beam section.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 49
12 A thin-walled cantilever
beam of length L has the
cross-section shown in Fig.
and carries a
counterclockwise torque T at
its free end. Determine the
torsion bending constant for
the beam section
13 An axially symmetric beam
the thin-walled cross-section
shown in Fig. If the thickness
t=4mm is constant
throughout and making the
usual assumptions for a thin
walled cross section, show
that the torsion bending
constant ΓR calculated about
the shear center S is (take
d = 15mm)
Apply The learner will recollect the CO 6
concept of thin walled beams
and shear flow and apply the
concept of shear flow to tin
walled beams under torsion.
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Page 50
14 A thin-walled cantilever
beam of length L = 0.5m has
the cross-section shown in
Fig. and carries a
counterclockwise torque
T = 20 at its free end.
Determine the torsion
bending constant for the
beam section
t = 5mm,a = 100mm
15 A thin-walled cantilever
beam of length L=0.5m has
the cross-section shown in
Fig. and carries a
counterclockwise torque
T = 20 at its free end.
Calculate the angle of twist
θT at the free end
t = 5mm,a = 100mm
16 write the theory about I
section subjected to torsion
17 Explain Wangner beam
theory
18 write the theory any beam
subjected to torsion
Apply The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Analyze The learner will recollect CO 6
the concept of thin walled
beams and shear flow and
apply the concept of shear
flow to tin walled beams
under torsion.
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Page 51
19 Explain and derive Remember — CO 6
Bimoment theory
20 Explain Distrubuted Torque Remember — CO 6
loading
PART - C (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define the following for an I- Remember CO 6
section beam

1. Unconstrained torsion

2. Torsion due to bending

of flanges.

2 State the assumption in Remember CO 6

Wangner torsion bending
theory
3 Define torsion-bending Remember CO 6
constant for thin walled open
section beams.
4 Define Bimoment couple in Remember CO 6
thin walled open sections
with a neat sketch.
5 Write the formula for direct Remember CO 6
stress produced by a
bimoment couple in thin
walled open section beams
6 State the boundary Remember CO 6
conditions for a cantilever
beam of length L in which
the origin for z is at the
built-in end and which is
subjected to a uniform
torque loading
7 State
Rs the reason why Understand The learner will recall the CO 6
0 2AR tds = 0 at the open definition of thin walled
edge of a thin walled beam closed section beams and
explain the derivation
8 Define St.Venant torque in a Remember CO 6
thin walled I-section beams
9 Define Wagner torsion Remember CO 6
bending torque in a thin
walled I-section beams

Page 52
 10 Differentiate between
St.Venant torque andWagner
torsion bending torque in a
thin walled I-section beams
11 Define few parts in aircraft
where thin walled open
structures are used
12 How thin walled open
sections are different from
closed section
13 Define shear center
14 What is meant by structural
idealization and what is its
significance
15 State the difference between
center of gravity and shear
center
16 Define second moment of
inertia
17 Define torsion
18 write torsion equation
19 write formulas of moment of
inertias
20 Define moment couple
Course Coordinator:
Mr. Indradeep Kumar, Assistant Professor
Understand The learner will recall the CO 6
definition St.Venant torque
and Wagner torsion bending
torque and explain the
difference
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Understand — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Understand The learner will recall the CO 6
definition of center of
gravity and shear stress and
explain the difference
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
Remember — CO 6
HOD AE
Page 53