Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

1. Sabatier - Senderens Unsaturated Metal catalyst Alkane

Reduction Hydrocarbon ( Raney Ni, Pd, Pt )

2. Wurtz Reeaction Alkyl Halide Na / dry ether Alkane

( R–X ) ( R–R )

3. Corey House Alkyl Halide Gilman’s reagnt Alkane

synthesis ( R–X ) ( R2CuLi ) ( R–R )

4. Wolff Krishner Aldehyde / Ketone i) N2H4 ii) RO–Na+ Alkane

Reduction

5. Clemmensen Aldehyde / Ketone ZnHg / Conc. HCl Alkane

Reduction

6. Decarboxylation Carboxylic acid NaOH + CaO Alkane

Reaction (soda lime)
 Name Substrate Reagen Product Reaction
7. Birch Reduction Alkyne Li or Na in liq. NH3 Alkene

8. Ozonolysis Alkene i) O3, ii) H2O/Zn Carbonyl

Compound

9. Wecker Synthesis Alkene Aq. PdCl2 / CuCl2 Aldehyde

10. Kolbe Electrolysis Sodium salt of Electrolysis Alkane /

carboxylic acid Alkene /
Alkyne

11. Finkelstein Reaction Alkyl chloride / NaI / acetone Alkyl Iodide

Alkyl bromide (R– I)

12. Swart Reaction Alkyl chloride / AgF or Hg2F2 or Alkyl fluoride

Alkyl bromide CoF2 or SbF3 (R–F)
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction
13. Darzan’s Method Alcohol SOCl2 / Pyridine Alkyl chloride

14. Hunsdicker Silver salt of Cl2 or Br2 in CCl4 Alkyl chloride /

Reaction carboxylic acid Alkyl bromide
(RCOOAg)

15. Haloform Reaction Alcohol and Carbonyl X2 / OH– Haloform (CHX3)

comp.

16. Reimer Teimann Phenol CHCl3/KOH Salicyldehyde

Reaction

17. Carbyl amine 1o Amine CHCl3/KOH Isocyanide

Reaction (Aliphatic or Aromatic) (Bad odour)

18. Hydroboration Alkene/ Alkyne i) B2H6 ii) H2O2/OH– Alcohol

Oxidation (HBO)
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

19. Oxymercuration Alkene / Alkyne i) (CH3COO)2Hg /THF Alcohol /

De-mercuration ii) Redn by NaBH4 Carbonyl
(OMD) compound

20. Bouveault Blanc Aldehyde / Ketone / Na + C2H5OH Alcohol

Reduction Ester

21. MPV Aldehyde / Ketone Aluminium iso propoxide Alcohol

Reduction (AIP)

22. Williamsons Alkyl Halide RO–Na+ (sodium alkoxide) Ether

Ether Synthesis (For best yield 1o)

23. Oxoprocess Alkene CO + H2 / Co2(CO)8 Aldehyde

24. Rosenmund Acid chloride Pd + S + CaCO3 Aldehyde

reaction
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

25. Stephen’s Alkyl Cyanide i) SnCl2 + HCl; ii) H2O Aldehyde

reduction

26. Aldol Aldehyde / Ketone dil. KOH /  Aldol / Ketol

Condensation (having –hydrogen) (–hydroxyl
carbonyl
compound)
27. Cannizaro Only aldehyde conc. KOH Potassium salt of
Reaction (no –hydrogen) carboxylic acid
and Alcohol

28. Tischenko Only aldehyde Aluminium ethoxide Ester

reaction (C2H5O)3Al

29. HVZ Reaction Carboxylic acid Cl2 or Br2 / Red P –Halo carboxylic
(having –hydrogen) acid

30. Schmidt Carboxylic acid N3H / H2SO4 1o–Amine

Reaction

31. Hofmann Acid amide Br2 / NaOH 1o–Amine

Hypobromite
reaction
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

32. Gabriel Phthalimide Alkyl halide i) Pot. pthahlimide 1o–Amine

Reaction ii) H2O / H+

33. Hofmann Alkyl Halide NH3 1o / 2o / 3o – Amine

Amonolysis + Qutarnary Ammonium
Process salt

34. Claisen Ester RO–Na+ –keto ester

Condensation (having –hydrogen)

35. Hofmann 1o–Amine CS2 / HgCl2 Alkyl iso thiocyanide

Mustard Oil (RNCS)
reaction

36. Friedel Craft Benzene R–Cl or RCOCl / Alkyl benzene /

Reaction anhyd. AlCl3 Acyl benzene

37. Gattermann Koch Benzene CO + HCl / Benzaldehyde

Reaction Anhyd. AlCl3
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

38. Gattermann Benzene HCN + HCl / Benzaldehyde

Aldehyde Anhyd. AlCl3
Synthesis

39. Wurtz Fittig Halo benzene + RCl Na / dry ehter Alkyl benzene

40. Fittig Halo benzene Na / dry ether Biphenyl

Reaction

41. Ulmann Iodobenzene Cu /  Biphenyl

Reaction

42. Etard Alkyl benzene CrO2Cl2 Benzaldehyde

Oxidation

43. Sandmeyer Benzene diazononium CuX + HX Chloro benzene /

Reaction chloride (BDC) (X = Cl, Br, CN) Bromo benzene
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction
Cyano benzene
44. Balz Schiemann Benzene HBF4 /  Fluoro benzene
Reaction diazononium
chloride (BDC)

45. Dow’s Method Chlorobenzene Aq. NaOH / 300oC/ Phenol

200 atm.

46. Schotten Baumann Phenol / Aniline Benzoyl chloride Ester / Amide

Reaction C6H5COCl

47. Kolbe Schmitt Phenol i) NaOH Salicylic acid

Reaction ii) CO2 / 6 atm /
140oC

48. Laderer Menasse Phenol HCHO / H+ Novolac / Bakelite

Reaction

49. Diazotization Aniline NaNO2 + HCl Benzene diazonium

reaction (0–5oC) chloride(BDC)
 Name Substrate Reagent Product Reaction

50. Benzoin Benzaldehyde Alc. KCN Benzoin

Condensation

51. Perkin Reaction Benzaldehyde Acetic anhydride / Cinemic acid

Sodium acetate (,–unsaturated acid)